CN1713987A - 多层滚塑 - Google Patents
多层滚塑 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1713987A CN1713987A CNA2003801039314A CN200380103931A CN1713987A CN 1713987 A CN1713987 A CN 1713987A CN A2003801039314 A CNA2003801039314 A CN A2003801039314A CN 200380103931 A CN200380103931 A CN 200380103931A CN 1713987 A CN1713987 A CN 1713987A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- polyamide
- polyethylene
- polyolefin
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
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- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GUOSQNAUYHMCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-Aminoundecanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GUOSQNAUYHMCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGJKIKKHLCGZRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Zn+2]C1C2=CC=CCC2CC1.[Cl-].[Cl-] Chemical compound [Zn+2]C1C2=CC=CCC2CC1.[Cl-].[Cl-] KGJKIKKHLCGZRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/04—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/327—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising polyolefins obtained by a metallocene or single-site catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
- B32B2262/0238—Vinyl halide, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过滚塑法制备的多层制品,包括:a)以聚烯烃(PO)为基础的层A,其由包括:40-100重量%的聚烯烃(PO)或其混合物以及60-0重量%的官能化的聚烯烃(FPO)或以嵌段共聚物(PO)g-NPO)的形式接枝到非聚烯烃(NPO)上的PO的组合物制备;b)层B,包括:不同于层A的PO或NPO或其混合物;任选的FPO或(PO-g-NPO);c)任选的层C,由不同于层A且与层B相同或不同的聚合物制得,该层与层A和/或层B相邻接,且如果该层存在,其特征在于该层与层A和/或层B有良好的粘结性,并且不是层A和层B的共混物。还公开了制备这些制品的方法。
Description
本发明涉及通过滚塑法制备的多层制品的领域。
聚乙烯占用于滚塑市场中的聚合物的80%以上。这是由于其在加工过程中出色的抗热降解性、易研磨性、良好的流动性以及低温冲击性。
可用滚塑法来制备从简单到复杂的中空塑料制品。其可用于模塑各种材料如聚乙烯,聚丙烯,聚碳酸酯,聚酰胺或聚氯乙烯(PVC)。如D.Annechini,E.Takacs以及J.Vlachopoulos于ANTEC的2001年第1期上发表的“Some new results on rotational molding ofmetallocene polyethylenes”中公开的,优选使用的是线性低密度聚乙烯。
用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制得的聚乙烯通常用于滚塑,但是由于茂金属制备的聚乙烯分子量分布窄使得其冲击性能更好、加工周期更短,所以该聚乙烯是令人满意。
现有技术中(参见ANTEC的2001年第1期)的茂金属制备的聚乙烯会遭受高收缩和翘曲,且在一些应用中在自然状态下会出现白化现象。
如US-5457159所述的塑弹性组合物也可用于滚塑领域中,但它们需要混合和硫化的复杂的加工步骤。
US-6124400中公开了用于包含半结晶的聚烯烃序列的聚合物合金的滚塑的用途,该序列具有在单体经过“单罐式”(one-pot)聚合工艺得到的不同的受控的微结构的链。这些聚合物合金的聚合需要包含有机金属催化剂前体,阳离子形成共催化剂以及交叉(cross-over)剂的复杂的催化剂体系。
这样就亟需生产由两层或多层相同或不同材料制备的制品,并改善完成制品的最终性能。例如,需要将聚酰胺良好的阻透性和温度稳定性与聚乙烯可与食品接触和例如低成本和低温下良好的冲击性能的品质结合起来。但是已知,聚酰胺和聚乙烯不粘附,因此需要粘结层或交联来保证两者的结构完整性。
因此我们需要一种滚塑多层制品来克服上述缺陷。
本发明的一个目标是制备在不同材料层之间具有良好粘结性能的滚塑制品。
本发明的另一目标是制备具有良好抗渗透性和/或耐化学性的滚塑制品。
本发明的又一目标是制备在高温下具有良好热稳定性的滚塑制品。
本发明的再一目标是制备易于涂漆的滚塑制品。
因此,本发明公开了通过滚塑法制备的多层制品,它包括:
a.以聚烯烃(PO)为基础的层A,含有:
-40-100重量%的聚烯烃(PO),或其混合物以及
-60-0重量%的官能化聚烯烃(FPO)或以嵌段共聚物(PO)g-NPO)的形式接枝到非聚烯烃(NPO)上的PO;
b.层B,包括:
-不同于层A的PO或NPO或其混合物;
-任选的FPO或(PO-g-NPO);
c.任选的层C,由不同于层A且与层B相同或不同的聚合物制得,该层与层A和/或层B相邻接,且如果该层存在,其特征在于该层与层A和/或层B有良好的粘结性,并且不是层A和层B的共混物。
在根据本发明的优选的实施方案中,层A和层B之间的粘接剂是由存在于任意一层中的官能化的或接枝的聚烯烃开发的的。
在使用FPO时,NPO具有用于生成键的活性种类。当使用PO-g-NPO时,PO与NPO部分相容。例如,PO-g-NPO可以是聚烯烃-g-聚酰胺。
在根据本发明的优选实施方式中,任选层C,如果存在的话,与层A或者层B相邻,且不在层A和层B之间。
外层(可为层A或层B)包括乙烯和/或丙烯,和/或聚酰胺,和/或官能含氟聚合物,以及任选的官能化的聚烯烃的均聚物或共聚物。在本说明书中,共聚物是由一种单体和一种或多种共聚单体制备的。
优选地,层A的组合物包括聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP),所述PE或PP是通过齐格勒-纳塔催化剂体系或通过以茂金属为基础的催化剂体系制备的。
所述的制品还可以包括附加层,对附加层的粘结是通过传统的方法实现的,如使用粘结层。
在根据本发明的优选的实施方案中,第一层的组合物包括70-98重量%、更优选为80-95重量%的聚乙烯或全同立构聚丙烯或间同立构聚丙烯;30-2重量%、更优选为20-5重量%的官能化的聚烯烃。
本发明还公开了对于每一层通过一次性注入的全部必要材料,制备多层滚塑制品的方法。优选地,外层为层A,更优选地,该层由聚乙烯或聚丙烯制得。
现已发现,在滚塑工艺中,具有最小直径的颗粒(细粒)到达模壁所需时间最短。因此,可以将树脂形态和树脂熔化温度方面的不同结合起来,一次注入制备双层滚塑制品。
在根据本发明的一个更优选的实施方案中,制品具有两层,其中外层是含有聚乙烯和官能化的聚烯烃的组合物,内层包括聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯或含有官能团的含氟聚合物。
本发明还公开了制备所述双层制品的一次注入工艺,包括如下步骤:
a)提供含有70-98重量%的聚乙烯和30-2重量%的官能化聚乙烯的聚乙烯组合物,所述聚乙烯组合物的熔点低于145℃;
b)提供聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)其熔点高于145℃;
c)将上述两种树脂进行物理混合;
d)在保持模具转动的情况下,将步骤c)中的混合物加入到滚塑模具中去;
e)得到滚塑制品;
其中聚乙烯组合物(DPE)与聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯DPA的颗粒直径之比DPE/DPA最多为2∶3,聚乙烯组合物的熔点至少比聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯的熔点低15℃。
优选地,聚乙烯组合物的熔点最高为130℃,聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯的熔化温度为至少155℃,更优选为至少175℃。
树脂可以三种不同的形式使用:
-直径为2-4mm的小球;
-直径为200-1500微米的微球;
-直径为100-1500微米的粉末。
优选颗粒直径比DPE/DPA最大为0.5。
按照颗粒尺寸大小,聚乙烯组合物颗粒中尺寸最小、温度最低的颗粒,在最低的温度被最先分离出来粘结在模具上。接着,当第一层完全形成的时候,温度增加,聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯开始熔化,并粘结在第一层上。
除了温度和粒度测量,树脂的其他流变性能如熔体指数和粘度也可以用来控制连续的沉积。
第一层的聚丙烯是均聚物或无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物或丙烯的非均匀两相共聚物,优选茂金属制备的全同立构聚丙烯miPP或茂金属制备的间同立构聚丙烯msPP。
第一层的聚乙烯,典型地,为乙烯的共聚物。还可以是发泡聚乙烯或交联(cross-liked)聚乙烯。可以用传统的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂体系制备。优选地,用茂金属催化剂体系制备,所包含的茂金属组分通式如下:
R”(Cp Rn)g(Cp Rn)MQ3-g (I)
其中
-每个Cp为取代或未取代的环戊二烯基环;
-每个R是相同或不同的且为氢或烃基如含有1-20个碳原子的烷基,链烯基,芳香基,烷基芳基或者芳基烷基或两个碳原子连接起来形成C4-C6环;
-R”是两个Cp环之间的结构桥;
-M是元素表中IIIB,IVB,VB,或VIB族中的金属;
-Q是含有1-20个碳原子的芳基,烷基,链烯基,烷基芳基或者芳基烷基,含有1-20个碳原子的氢羧基或者卤素且可彼此相同或不同;
-s是0或1,g是0,1或2且当g是0时s是0,s是1时n是4,s是0时n是5。
通过取代,意味着在环戊二烯基衍生物的任何位置可包含一个取代基代替氢原子。取代可在五元环戊二烯基环上,或,如果配体例如为茚基、四氢茚基或芴基,取代可在五元环之外的环系中的碳原子上。
在现有的催化剂组分中配体之间的桥的类型没有特别的限定。典型地,R”包括含有1-20个碳原子的亚烷基基团,锗基团(例如二烷基锗基团),硅基团(例如二烷基硅基团),硅氧烷基团(例如二烷基硅氧烷基团),烷基膦基团或胺基团。优选地,在桥上的取代基包括具有至少一个碳原子的烃基,如取代或未取代的亚乙基-CH2-CH2-(Et)。最优选,R”是Et或Me2Si。
Q优选为卤素,最优选为Cl。
M优选为元素表中的VIB族金属,更优选的为钛,锆或铪。
基于茂金属的催化剂体系可包括几种茂金属基的催化剂组分。除了上述的茂金属催化剂组分,茂金属基催化剂体系还包括一种或多种具有电离活性且可以活化茂金属催化剂组分的活化剂,如铝噁烷(alumoxane)或硼基催化活化剂。
此外,一种或多种铝烷基可任选的用做共催化剂。
催化剂体系可固定在惰性载体上,特别是在多孔固体载体上。优选地,载体材料为细分散形式的无机氧化物。
对于聚乙烯来说茂金属催化剂组分优选基于双(正丁基环戊二烯基)或联茚配体,更优选的是基于双(四氢茚基)配体,且最优选为乙烯双(四氢茚基)锌二氯化物。
可用于本发明的聚乙烯常用的密度范围为0.910-0.960g/cm3和熔体指数MI2为1-20g/10min。密度是通过标准测试ASTM D 1505的方法在23℃测得的,熔体流动指数MI2是通过标准测试ASTM D 1238的方法在温度为190℃、负载为2.16kg时测得的。
对于间同立构聚丙烯来说,优选环戊二烯基-芴基配体;对于全同立构聚丙烯来说,优选联茚或双四氢茚基(bis-tetrahydroindenyl)。
可用于本发明的聚丙烯通常的熔体指数MI2为1.5-100g/10min。熔体流动指数MI2是通过标准测试ASTM D 1238的方法在温度为230℃、负载为2.16kg时测得的。
本发明所使用的聚酰胺为下述物质的缩合产物:
-一种或多种氨基酸如氨基己酸,7-氨基庚酸,11-氨基十一酸以及12-氨基十二酸或一种或多种内酰胺如己内酰胺,庚内酰胺和月桂基内酰胺;
-一种或多种盐或二胺与二酸的混合物,二胺如己二胺,十二甲撑二胺,间苯撑二甲胺,双(对氨基环己基)甲烷以及三甲基己二胺,二酸如间苯二酸,对苯二酸,己二酸,壬二酸,辛二酸,癸二酸以及十二烷二酸。
作为聚酰胺的实例,可提及PA 6和PA 6-6。
还可以有利的使用共聚酰胺。可提及由至少两种α,ω-氨基羧酸或两种内酰胺或一种内酰胺和一种α,ω-氨基羧酸的缩合得到的共聚酰胺。还可提及由至少一种α,ω-氨基羧酸(或内酰胺),至少一种二胺和至少一种二羧酸的缩合得到的共聚酰胺。
有利地,共聚酰胺选自PA 6/12和PA 6/6-6。
聚酰胺和聚烯烃的混合物还可以用作层B。聚酰胺如上述公开的。聚烯烃可为官能化或非官能化的聚烯烃或可为至少一种官能化聚烯烃和/或至少一种非官能化的聚烯烃的混合物。
传统的非官能化的聚烯烃为α-烯烃或二烯烃如乙烯,丙烯,1-丁烯,1-辛烯或丁二烯,的均聚物或共聚物。
官能化的聚烯烃为与提供极性和/或反应性的材料接枝或共聚的聚烯烃,因此它取决于相邻层的特性。其可为含有反应单元(官能度)的α-烯烃聚合物;这样的反应单元为酸,酐或环氧官能团。通过实例,可提及与不饱和环氧化物如(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,或与羧酸或相应的盐或酯如(甲基)丙烯酸或作为选择的与羧酸酸酐如马来酸酐,接枝、共聚或三聚的上述聚烯烃。
更为通常的情况下,在层B中还可以使用胺端基材料,且优选选自聚酰二胺(PAdiNH2)。根据其制造过程和/或所使用的链限制剂,聚酰胺可有过量的酸或胺端基,或甚至会有一部分的烷基或其他端基,比如来自于所选限制剂的结构的芳基或其他官能团。过量的酸端基来自于二酸链限制剂。过量的胺端基来自于二胺链限制剂。伯胺链限制剂会导致聚酰胺链具有烷基端基和氨基端基。
名为二胺聚酰胺PAdiNH2是指满足下述条件的聚酰胺:
-其具有一定量的两端为氨基(NH2)的链
-两端为氨基(NH2)的链的量大于二酸链的量(如果有二酸链的话)
-氨基的浓度大于全体酸基团的浓度
-通过加入作为链限制剂的二胺,或在基于二胺和二酸的聚酰胺的情况下(比如PA 6-6),加入的二胺共聚单体的量大于二酸共聚单体的量,得到PAdiNH2。
可用于层B的聚酰胺可为冲击改性的聚酰胺。柔软改性剂,可提及的有,例如,官能化的聚烯烃,接枝的脂族聚酯,任选的包括聚醚嵌段和聚酰胺嵌段的接枝共聚物,以及乙烯和烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或饱和乙烯基羧酸酯的共聚物等。改性剂还可以是带有聚酰胺接枝或聚酰胺低聚体的聚烯烃链,因此与聚烯烃和聚酰胺具有亲和力。柔软改性剂还可以是嵌段共聚物。
发泡聚酰胺也可以用于层B。
有利地,层B可进一步由聚氨酯或含有聚酰胺和乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)的组合物制备得到,更为通常地是,由包括聚酰胺和阻透层的组合物制备得到。
官能化的聚烯烃是与提供极性和/或反应性的材料接枝的聚烯烃,因此它就依赖于相邻层的特性。在前面的段落中已经公开了概述。在优选的官能化的聚烯烃中,可列举乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物如甲基丙烯酸酯(EMA)或丙烯酸丁酯(EBA),乙烯/丙烯酸酯/马来酸酐(MAH)或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)三元共聚物,马来酸酐接枝的聚乙烯,马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯,马来酸酐接枝的EVA或AMA,EVOH。例如在EP-A-1104788,或EP-A-1122060中公开了常用的官能化的聚烯烃。
在本发明中,优选和酸酐接枝的聚烯烃。其中优选聚烯烃为聚乙烯或聚丙烯,更优选地,为聚乙烯。
层A的组合物包括官能化的聚烯烃和PO树脂或PO树脂的混合物,该组合物既可以是将组分物理混合制备的也可以提供作为组分的粉末共混物。
其他一层或两层由不同于第一层的材料制成,这样可以提供更为良好的性能。优选地,为聚酰胺、聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,第二层是由聚酰胺制得。已知聚酰胺可以提供阻透性能,且聚酰胺层的加入可以为整体结构提供改善的阻透性。根据最终的应用不同,聚酰胺层可以用作内部层提供如抗渗透作用或作为外层,与食品接触的内层一起使用。
聚酰胺(PA)层还可以在高达115℃的高温的情况下提供温度稳定性。作为比较,传统用聚乙烯制得的滚塑制品的温度稳定性最多只能保持在60℃的温度。
PA层还提供优异的抗环境应力开裂性(ESCR)。
具有PA外层的多层滚塑制品可容易地进行涂漆。
当需要良好的抗氧化和/或耐酸性时,不能使用PA;优选使用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)聚合物或其他含氟聚合物。
聚丙烯具有优异的抗应力开裂性,而聚乙烯具有优异的抗冲击性。因此如果需要这种性质的话,制作一个具有内层为聚丙烯和外层为聚乙烯的两层滚塑制品,或内层为聚乙烯和外层为聚丙烯的两层滚塑制品是有利的。
聚丙烯还具有优异的抗刮擦性。
多层体系是根据最终产品所要具备的性能来设计的,可包括例如:
-PA或发泡PA/PE或发泡PE或miPP或msPP组合物;
-miPP/PE或miPP或msPP组合物/PA;
-siPP/PE或发泡PE或miPP或msPP组合物/PA或冲击改性的PA;
-miPP/PE或miPP或msPP组合物;
-PA或发泡PA/PE组合物/聚酰胺;
-带有官能团的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)或PVDT/PE或miPP或msPP组合物;
-miPP或msPP或PE/带有官能团的pvdf或带有官能团的发泡的或不发泡的含氟聚合物;
-PA组合物/PE或发泡PE或miPP或msPP;
-PE组合物/聚氨酯(PU)或发泡PU。
这些只是所有可能的层的有机体中的一小部分例子。
其他层可以通过必要地重复本发明多次和/或通过使用必要的粘结层来加入。
每层的厚度是根据最终产品的尺寸、所需性能以及成本来确定的:可在0.5毫米到几厘米内变化。
滚塑制品的尺寸可以从0.5L到50m3变化。
多层体既可以是在模塑周期中手工加入材料来制备也可以通过使用升降梭箱(drop-box)来制备。
手工加入包括将模具从炉内移出,将在部件上产生开口的通风管或孔塞移走,再使用漏斗(fennel)或棍加入更多的材料。对于每个附加的层,这样的操作均需重复进行。
典型的升降梭箱包括一个单材料层且它是一个绝热容器,其保持材料直到在生产周期中适合的时间释放。释放材料的信号通常是作为压力脉冲通过机械臂内的空气管路传输的。绝热容器必须保证冷却来防止盒体内部的材料熔化。
上述两种方法中,有两个关键因素:
-后继层的加入时的温度:这对于前面所形成的表面壁厚和两层之间的粘结好坏是至关重要的;
-在后继材料层的加入前所耗时间:如果模具休息时间太长,则前面早已经粘结在壁上的材料会下陷。
通过降低第一层的熔体指数和/或降低下一层的注入温度,和/或在下一层注入之前稍微冷却模具的方法可能减少上述问题。
生产多层滚塑制品的周期依赖于层数和对于每层注入的质量。对于一个典型的双层制品来说,其中每层的厚度约为3mm,总共的生产周期为60-80分钟。
现已惊喜地发现,连续注射几种材料制备多层体的周期比使用这几种材料中的任一种生产相同厚度的单层体所用的时间还要短。
更加令人惊喜的是,发现喷水冷却可进一步缩短制造多层滚塑制品的生产周期,且不会产生明显的变形和收缩,其在使用喷水冷却制备单层PE滚塑制品时可观察到。
本发明还公开了制备双层滚塑制品的方法,其中层A是外层且为包含PE和FPO或(PO-g-NPO)的聚乙烯组合物,层B为内层且为带有官能团的聚酰胺或PVDF或含氟聚合物,所述工艺包含以下步骤:
a)为层A提供聚乙烯组合物;
b)将内部空气温度峰值(PIAT)升高到比层A中的组合物的熔点高15-50℃,以使层A充分熔化;
c)使用升降梭箱将用于层B的组合物加入;
d)将PIAT升高到比层B中的组合物的熔点高的温度,以使层B充分熔化;
e)通过喷水冷却来使树脂固化;
f)取出滚塑制品。
本发明尤其用于制备汽车和卡车的油箱,尺寸在40L到600L的范围内,且更通常的用于制造复杂的结构。
当内层由聚偏二氟乙烯制得时,本发明还可以用于制备运输硝酸或其他化学品的容器。
实施例
几种滚塑制品的制备如下。
所有测试模制品都在ROTOSPEED滚塑机上进行。它是一个旋转形式(carrousel-style)的机械,具有分支臂,燃烧能力为523kW/hr的LPG燃烧机械臂,气扇冷却,和/或喷水冷却以及1.5米的最大平台直径。
可以将铝质箱体模具用于生产测试模制品。本模具装配有一个斜度角便于脱模,且通过使用升降梭箱来制备双层制品。升降梭箱内装着第一层所需的材料,放在模具的盖子上。升降梭箱中的气动模塞可以保证材料待在原位直至达到所需的温度,之后启动模塞,将材料落下。在下述的条件下,对每一层都重复上述操作。
对两种类型的材料进行测试。在不同的内部峰值温度将模从炉内取出。用于试验的模塑条件如下:
·炉箱温度:300℃
·旋转比率:4∶1
·冷却介质:强致空气(forced air)
·经预先加热的机械臂和模具
·旋转记录单元(rotolog unit)n°5/旋转记录软件版本(rotolog softwareversion)2.7。
注入量分别为1.8kg和1.2kg,这样得到的壁厚就分别为3mm和2mm。
为了更简便地比较内部温度曲线的不同阶段,所有的周期都取自相同的起点和终点。
附图列表
图1至5分别为实施例1-4和实施例7的旋转记录(rotolog)曲线。它们各自代表内部气体温度峰值(PIAT),该值以摄氏温度表示,周期时间的作用以秒表示。
图6所示为双层滚塑箱,它具有由纯mPE制得的外层和PA-11制得的内层。
图7所示为在条件A下得到的PA-11树脂微球。
图8所示为在条件B下得到的PA-11树脂微球。
实施例1.
用1.8kg的注入重量生产聚乙烯组合物的单层3mm厚的模制品,所述聚乙烯聚合物包括80重量%的双(正丁基环戊二烯基)二氯化锆制备的聚乙烯,其密度为0.940g/cm3且熔体指数MI2为9g/10min,和20重量%的由ATOFINA销售的商品名为OREVAC的酸酐接枝的聚乙烯。得到212℃的PIAT,周期为36.42分钟。旋转记录(Rotolog)曲线见图1。
实施例2.
用1.8kg的注入重量生产PA-11树脂的单层3mm厚的模制品,该PA-11树脂是ATOFINA销售的商品名为RILSAN的产品。因为尼龙的熔化温度高于聚乙烯,得到239℃的PIAT,周期为48.9分钟。旋转记录(Rotolog)曲线见图2。
实施例3.
双层模制品按如下步骤制备:
-和实施例1相同的聚乙烯组合物以1.8kg的注入重量首先滴入模具中,形成外层;
-和实施例2相同的PA-11树脂以1.8kg的注入重量在133℃的温度下滴入,制得内层。
得到245℃的PIAT,周期为63.7分钟。旋转记录(Rotolog)曲线见图3。两层间的粘结很好,没有观察到分层现象。
实施例4.
使用和实施例3一样的双层模制方法,除了滴入的PA-11树脂温度为170℃,而不是133℃。
得到243℃的PIAT,周期为68.12分钟。旋转记录(Rotolog)曲线见图4。在两层间的平坦表面上两层的粘结很好。在模制品的尖锐棱角处可以观察到轻微的分层现象,其中尼龙内层在冷却过程中看起来要比聚乙烯组合物收缩更大一些。
实施例5.
使用和实施例4一样的双层模制方法,除了聚乙烯组合物和PA-11树脂的注入重量均为1.2kg,得到2mm厚的层。PA-11材料在133℃时滴入模具。模塑达到241℃的PIAT,周期为45.57分钟。
实施例6.
重复实施例5,除了在模塑中滴入的PA-11树脂温度为175℃,而不是133℃。模塑达到245℃的PIAT,周期为50.12分钟。
上述实施例总结在表I中。
表I
实施例 | PE质量(kg) | PA-11质量(kg) | PA-11滴入温度(℃) | PIAT(℃) | 周期(min) |
1 | 1.8 | - | - | 212 | 36.4 |
2 | - | 1.8 | - | 239 | 48.9 |
3 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 133 | 245 | 63.7 |
4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 170 | 243 | 68.2 |
5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 133 | 241 | 45.6 |
6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 175 | 245 | 50.1 |
对于根据本发明制得的所有双层模制品来说,在聚乙烯层和聚酰胺层之间的粘合在平坦表面上是优异的。在一些测试件的尖锐棱角处观察到少量的分层现象。
实施例7.
按照如下步骤制备双层模制品:
-注入重量为1.8kg的双(正丁基环戊二烯基)二氯化锆制备的纯聚乙烯,其密度为0.934g/cm3且熔体指数MI2为8.0g/10min,首先滴入模具中形成外层;
-注入重量为1.8kg的联茚茂金属催化剂体系制备的纯茂金属生产的全同立构聚丙烯(miPP),熔体指数MI2为15g/10min,在133℃的温度下滴入,制得内层。
得到245℃的PIAT,周期为63.7分钟。两层间的粘结很好,尽管没有使用官能化的聚烯烃,但是还是没有观察到分层现象。
比较例
用和实施例1-7相同的条件生产双层滚塑制品。外层为纯的聚乙烯,由乙烯-双(四氢茚基)二氯化锆制备的,其密度为0.934g/cc且熔体指数MI2为8dg/min,内层为PA-11。在成品的两层之间没有一点粘性,如图6所示为具有纯PE制备的外层和PA-11制备的内层的双层滚塑箱。
实施例8.
用1.8kg包括85重量%的乙烯-双(四氢茚基)二氯化锆制备的聚乙烯和15重量%的OREVAC的共混物和1.8kg的PA-11制备双层制品。PA-11在150℃的温度下滴入,且得到219℃的PIAT。使用强致空气将体系从起始温度冷却到170℃,之后用三级喷水冷却(18升/分钟)降至室温。
实施例9、10和11.
重复实施例8,除了在开始冷却的时候在实施例9中使用一级喷水冷却(6升/分钟),在实施例10中使用二级喷水冷却(12升/分钟),在实施例11中使用三级喷水冷却(18升/分钟)。
PIAT和收缩率结果总结在表II中
表II
实施例 | PIAT℃ | 收缩率% |
8 | 219 | 1.57 |
9 | 214 | 1.67 |
10 | 216 | 1.65 |
11 | 216 | 1.87 |
在这些实施例中,所有的层都表现出对彼此优异的粘结性,用手不能将各层分开。但是实施例8和9在成品的尖锐棱角处有少量的收缩空隙,由此可见冷却速率的重要性。适当的模具设计也可以减小收缩空隙。
实施例12.
制备两个壁厚为6mm的滚塑制品。第一个制品具有6mm厚的单层,由聚乙烯单独制备,且使用强致空气冷却。周期为58分钟。第二个制品,具有由与其他制品相同的PE制备的3mm厚的外层和由PA-11制备的3mm厚的内层,采用喷水冷却。周期为42分钟,因此用强致空气冷却的单层制品相比,周期大大缩短。可以看到使用喷水冷却该系统对于缩短生产周期是有益处的。此外,还观察到对于单层或双层制品来说尺寸特性都是基本相同的:两者的收缩率均为1.5-2%。
实施例13.
使用名为Brabender/Leistritz/Maag/A5PAC/TWC的Gala水下系统可以成功的将正常小球(3.2mm)变为PA-11微球。其存在于具有A5PAC 6造粒机、齿轮泵和熔体聚合物过滤的双螺杆挤出机中。
试验条件如下:
1)条件A:
-螺杆转速:180rpm,
-熔化温度:250℃,
-进料速度:100kg/h,
-造粒机速度:4650rpm,
-0.8mm直径的24孔。
2)条件B:
-螺杆转速:180rpm,
-熔化温度:250℃,
-进料速度:100kg/h,
-造粒机速度:4500rpm,
-0.65mm直径的120孔。
图7和8所示为按照条件A和B所得到的微球的形态学特征。按照条件A得到平均的微粒尺寸为1000-1200μm,按照条件B得到平均的微粒尺寸为800-1000μm。相应的筛分结果是:
1)条件A
S850:99.6%
S600:0.4%
2)条件B
S850:89.4%
S600:10.6%
这些PA-11的微粒然后可成功的用于双层滚塑制品的制备。外层由茂金属制备的聚乙烯和OREVAC的共混物制备,其中OREVAC的用量在10-20重量%变化,内层是由这些PA-11的微球制备的。
还可以使用一种体系进行双层滚塑的以下其他实验,该体系中将粉末状的聚乙烯和粉末或微球状的聚酰胺包裹在一个热塑性包中,该热塑性包的熔点稍高于所述聚乙烯的熔点,但低于聚酰胺的熔点。聚乙烯首先熔化,覆盖在模具的壁上形成外层,热塑性包之后熔化,释放出的用于制造内层的聚酰胺材料。
Claims (15)
1.用滚塑法制备的多层制品,包括:
a.以聚烯烃(PO)为基础的层A,由包括下列物质的组合物制备:
-40-100重量%的聚烯烃(PO),或其混合物以及
-60-0重量%的官能化聚烯烃(FPO)或以嵌段共聚物(PO)g-NPO)的形式接枝到非聚烯烃(NPO)上的PO;
b.层B,包括:
-不同于层A的PO或NPO或其混合物;
-任选的FPO或(PO-g-NPO);
c.任选的层C,由不同于层A且与层B相同或不同的聚合物制得,该层与层A和/或层B相邻接,且如果该层存在,其特征在于该层与层A和/或层B有良好的粘结性,并且不是层A和层B的共混物。
2.权利要求1的多层制品,其中层A是齐格勒-纳塔或茂金属基催化剂体系制备的聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
3.权利要求1或2的多层制品,其中层A包括75-100重量%的茂金属制备的聚乙烯和25-0重量%的官能化的聚乙烯。
4.权利要求3的多层制品,其中茂金属催化剂组分为双(四氢茚基)或双(正丁基环戊二烯基)。
5.权利要求1或2的多层制品,其中层A包括75-100重量%的丙烯的全同立构或间同立构均聚物或共聚物和25-0重量%的官能化的聚丙烯。
6.权利要求1的多层制品,其中层B包括75-100重量%的聚酰胺,该聚酰胺选自来自于一种或多种氨基酸和/或一种或多种盐或二胺的混合物缩合而得到的聚酰胺,或二胺聚酰胺,或共聚酰胺或聚烯烃和聚酰胺的混合物或发泡聚酰胺或冲击改性聚酰胺;和25-0重量%的官能化的聚烯烃(FPO)或聚烯烃接枝聚酰胺嵌段共聚物。
7.前述权利要求中任一项的多层制品,其中官能化的聚烯烃具有酸或酐或环氧官能团作为反应单元,且其中聚烯烃可为用一种以上的共聚单体制备的共聚物。
8.前述权利要求中任一项的多层制品,其中层A是包含聚乙烯或聚丙烯和官能化的聚烯烃的组合物,层B包括聚酰胺或含有选自例如酸、酐、醇、胺或环氧的官能团的含氟聚合物。
9.前述权利要求中任一项的多层制品,其中层B是如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的热塑性聚酯,或液晶聚合物,或含氟聚合物或带有官能团的含氟聚合物,或聚碳酸酯,或丙烯酸酯类树脂,或聚酰胺,或芳族或脂族的聚酮,或聚醚酮,或聚乙烯乙烯醇,或聚亚苯基硫化物及其与自身或其他聚合物的合金,其特征在于NPO具有可形成键的反应种类或端基。
10.前述权利要求中任一项的多层制品,其中每层的厚度至少为0.5mm。
11.权利要求1-10中任一项的多层滚塑制品的制造方法,包括一次将每层所需的材料注入,其中层A提供层A和层B间的粘性,且带有任选的第三层。
12.权利要求11的用于制造两层滚塑制品的方法,其中层A为外层,且为聚乙烯组合物;层B为内层,且为聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯或带有官能团的含氟聚合物,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a)提供含有70-98重量%的聚乙烯和30-2重量%的官能化聚乙烯的聚乙烯组合物,所述聚乙烯组合物的熔点低于145℃;
b)提供聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯或官能化含氟聚合物,其熔点至少为145℃;
c)将上述两种树脂物理混合;
d)将步骤c)中的混合物加入到滚塑模具中并保持旋转;
e)得到滚塑制品;
其中聚乙烯组合物(DPE)与聚酰胺或聚偏二氟乙烯或含氟化合物(DPA)的颗粒直径之比DPE/DPA最多为2∶3,且聚乙烯组合物的熔点比其他聚合物的熔点低至少15℃。
13.权利要求1-10中任一项的两层滚塑制品的制造方法,其中层A是为外层,且为包含PE和FPO或(PO-g-NPO)的聚乙烯组合物;层B为内层,且为带有官能团的聚酰胺或PVDF或含氟聚合物,所述方法包含以下步骤:
a)提供用于层A的聚乙烯组合物;
b)将内部空气温度峰值(PIAT)升高到比层A中的组合物的熔点高15-50℃的温度,以使所述层A充分熔化;
c)使用升降梭箱将用于层B的组合物加入;
d)将PIAT升高到比层B中的组合物的熔化温度高的温度,以使所述层B充分熔化;
e)通过喷水冷却来使树脂固化;
f)取出滚塑制品。
13.由权利要求1-10中任一项的多层滚塑制品制得的箱体,用于油箱,化学罐或液压箱。
14.喷水冷却在固化权利要求1-10中的任一项的滚塑制品,从而减小收缩空隙中的用途。
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EP02079876.5 | 2002-11-21 | ||
EP20020079876 EP1422059B1 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2002-11-21 | Multilayer rotational moulding |
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CN1713987A true CN1713987A (zh) | 2005-12-28 |
CN100548669C CN100548669C (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
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US (2) | US20060251835A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1422059B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2006507145A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101121795B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100548669C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE554924T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003288138B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2506478C (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ539956A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004045849A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200504971B (zh) |
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- 2003-11-20 AU AU2003288138A patent/AU2003288138B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 2003-11-20 CN CNB2003801039314A patent/CN100548669C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-20 US US10/535,959 patent/US20060251835A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP1562749A1 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
ATE554924T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
AU2003288138B2 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
CA2506478A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
EP1422059A1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
EP1422059B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
ZA200504971B (en) | 2006-05-31 |
US20060251835A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
JP5391213B2 (ja) | 2014-01-15 |
JP2006507145A (ja) | 2006-03-02 |
AU2003288138A1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
JP2011136564A (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
CA2506478C (en) | 2015-04-28 |
KR101121795B1 (ko) | 2012-03-20 |
WO2004045849A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
NZ539956A (en) | 2006-11-30 |
KR20050083910A (ko) | 2005-08-26 |
US9962911B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
EP1562749B1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
US20130011643A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CN100548669C (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
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