CN107472664A - 用于无伞空投的储液罐及其制备方法 - Google Patents

用于无伞空投的储液罐及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107472664A
CN107472664A CN201710711264.1A CN201710711264A CN107472664A CN 107472664 A CN107472664 A CN 107472664A CN 201710711264 A CN201710711264 A CN 201710711264A CN 107472664 A CN107472664 A CN 107472664A
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raw material
tank body
fluid reservoir
density polyethylene
foaming
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CN107472664B (zh
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耿小凯
李彦平
张文龙
胡建凯
杨燕飞
马学磊
徐志伟
李俊青
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Hebei Jinhoudun Plastic Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明用于无伞空投的储液罐及其制备方法，涉及用于野战及抢险救灾的物资空投装备，包括罐体和充、放液口，所述罐体为一体滚塑成型的椭球形，罐体底端为支撑平面，罐体壁为三层结构，包括抗冲击外层、发泡中层及防渗内层；抗冲击外层原料为中密度茂金属聚乙烯，防渗内层原料为高密度聚乙烯，发泡中层原料包括60‑80%的高密度聚乙烯、20‑40%的低密度聚乙烯及1‑3%的发泡剂。该三层复合式聚乙烯滚塑储液罐，简化了空投装备，一体成型、无附加缓冲结构，抗冲击能力强，可用于无伞空投。

Description

用于无伞空投的储液罐及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于野战及抢险救灾物资空投的装备，具体涉及可无伞空投的储液罐。
背景技术
在野战和抢险救灾过程中，由于环境限制，水和油类燃料需要空投到指定地区。目前常用的降落伞空投，其存在的操作复杂、漂移大、投放点不准确及液体泄漏问题严重影响了空运效率。为了降低冲击、避免损坏物品，一些空投装备还在内部和或外部设置气囊、刺猬式减震外壳、气筒等缓冲装置，结构复杂，体积较大而有效容量却很小。另外，现有的空投储液罐材质中，铁皮桶沉重、易生锈、寿命短，主要应用于短途少量水的存储；橡胶储水罐有毒只能用于非饮用水；PVC涂层布储水罐虽然无毒无味、可折叠、重量轻，方便携带，但是不能带水空投。
发明内容
为了简化空投装备，并获得具有较高强度和抗冲击性能的储液罐，本发明采用滚塑成型的椭球形夹心式三层复合结构，并合理选配各层原料，显著提高储液罐的强度和抗冲击性能，一体成型、无附加缓冲结构，可用于无伞空投。
本发明的技术方案为：一种用于无伞空投的储液罐，包括罐体和充、放液口，所述罐体为一体滚塑成型的椭球形，罐体底端为支撑平面，罐体壁为三层结构，包括抗冲击外层、发泡中层及防渗内层；抗冲击外层原料为中密度茂金属聚乙烯，防渗内层原料为高密度聚乙烯，发泡中层原料包括60-80%的高密度聚乙烯、20-40%的低密度聚乙烯及1-3%的发泡剂。
该储液罐采用滚塑成型的椭球形结构，一体成型，无棱角、无附加缓冲结构，与地面接触时无应力集中点，并可形成弹跳缓冲，避免直接冲击，提高抗冲击性。罐体采用三层结构，抗冲击外层原料采用中密度茂金属聚乙烯，使外层强度高、韧性、刚性好；发泡中层由高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯及发泡剂共混形成，具有中密度聚乙烯的优良特性，可降低罐体重量并吸收冲击；防渗内层原料采用高密度聚乙烯，可形成致密、光滑的内膜层，并可根据液体材质适当调整其工艺和配方，盛装饮用水时选用食品级聚乙烯，盛装燃油或化学液体时可对应选择防渗、耐腐的聚乙烯；这种结构和配方不但显著提高了储液罐的强度、韧性、抗冲击性能，还可对应盛装不同液体，进而实现了带液无伞空投。
进一步的，所述中密度茂金属聚乙烯的密度为0.930-0.947g/cm3，熔体质量流动速率为3.3-5.1g/10min；所述防渗内层原料高密度聚乙烯的密度为0.951-0.955 g/cm3，熔体质量流动速率为5.0-7.0 g/10min；发泡中层原料中高密度聚乙烯的密度为0.955-0.959g/cm3、熔体质量流动速率为6.0-9.0 g/10min，低密度聚乙烯的密度为0.922-0.926g/cm3、熔体质量流动速率为1.7-2.2g/10min；发泡剂为偶氮类化合物。为了避免高温滚塑造成发泡剂分解，具体可选用分解温度较高的偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯、偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氟二羧酸钡。
为了获得较高的强度和抗冲击性能，选用的聚乙烯密度在0.922-0.959 g/cm3，制得的成品储液罐的密度为0.935-0.955 g/cm3。各种聚乙烯的熔点、熔体质量流动速率相匹配，熔体质量流动速率过大，流动性提高，制品的内表面易出现凹凸不平的流迹线，致使制品强度降低，若流体流动速率过小，则流动性差，成型困难，本发明中所用聚乙烯，在190℃-2.16Kg的测试条件下，熔体质量流动速率在1.7-9g/min，以在滚塑加工方式下避免各层聚乙烯间分离，提高包装箱的稳定性，耐老化性。
进一步的，所述抗冲击外层厚度为3-5mm、发泡中层厚度为4-5mm，防渗内层厚度为2-3mm。各层厚度的控制一方面避免冷却收缩时，各层收缩率差异造成的分离，另一方面可在获得优异的力学性能的同时，实现减薄、减重，进而提高装载量。
进一步的，所述充、放液口设置在罐体表面一体成型的内凹槽内，且该充、放液口外围还成型有截面形状为半圆形的防护凸肋。内凹槽边缘与罐体侧面圆滑过渡。这种结构可避免直接冲击充、放液口，预防开裂和渗漏。
进一步的，所述充、放液口为滚塑工艺中预埋于罐体壁内的螺纹孔座，该螺纹孔座与配套螺纹堵头配合形成密封结构；所述螺纹孔座包括多边形防脱基座及设置在防脱基座中心的螺纹套筒，防脱基座外围均布“L”形防脱钩形成主要防脱结构；螺纹堵头连接在螺纹套筒内；且各“L”形防脱钩顶端借助围栏连接，形成增强螺纹孔座强度的辅助防脱结构。将金属制成的螺纹孔座预埋于罐体壁内，并采用多边形防脱基座加“L”形防脱钩和围栏结构，可使螺纹孔座与罐体壁紧密结合，密封性好，且具有较高的强度，避免高速冲击造成的破裂或脱落。
进一步的，所述充、放液口设置有两个，分别为设置在罐体顶端的充液口及设置在侧面的放液口。这样设置，可便于灌装和倾倒液体。
进一步的，所述罐体表面均匀环绕有凸出的纬向加强筋，且所述加强筋与罐体一体成型；加强筋的截面形状为半圆形，且凸出厚度大于13mm。圆滑过渡的加强筋结构，可避免产生应力集中点，且一般制品的刚度和厚度的平方成正比，凸出增厚加强筋可有效提高水罐的抗冲击强度。
进一步的，为了便于拿取和搬运，所述罐体侧面一体成型有内凹的抓握槽，且抓握槽边缘与罐体侧面圆滑过渡。
进一步的，所述罐体表面分布有荧光带或涂覆荧光粉。为了便于在夜晚和昏暗环境中辨认储液罐，可以在储液罐表面缠绕荧光带或喷涂荧光粉，或将荧光粉添加入外层聚乙烯原料中。
一种用于无伞空投的储液罐的滚塑成型方法，包括下列步骤：
a、选料：选取抗冲击外层原料中密度茂金属聚乙烯，防渗内层原料高密度聚乙烯，发泡中层原料包括60-80%的高密度聚乙烯、20-40%的低密度聚乙烯及1-3%的发泡剂；
b、磨粉：将发泡中层原料搅拌混合5-10分钟后烘干、磨成60-90目的料粉，抗冲击外层原料磨成50-60目的料粉，防渗内层原料磨成35-40目的料粉；
c、模具准备：清理模具、涂布脱模剂、安装预埋件；
d、滚塑：滚塑过程为三次加料，保持主副轴双向旋转，主/副轴转速5-10/10-25HZ;
1）注入抗冲击外层原料，炉温280-300℃，加热时间15-20min,
2）注入发泡中层原料，炉温200-220℃，加热时间20-25min，
3）注入防渗内层原料，炉温250-270℃，加热时间15-20min；
e、冷却：打开烘箱舱门冷却50～ 70分钟，待模具表面温度降至75～80℃度时进行卸模。
本发明中，1、该滚塑工艺可在成型过程中使分子自由结合、链接紧密、分布均匀，不受任何外力作用，产品无内应力，不易变形，产品韧性好，受强冲击后不易变形和破裂。且成型时边角较厚，自然形成框架支撑结构，使跌落时最易着地的边角位置强度大，使储液罐具有强抗冲击能力，不变形、不损坏，使用寿命长。2、整个产品采用三层结构，材料分别为中密度茂金属聚乙烯、发泡聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯。抗冲击外层采用中密度茂金属材料，该材料韧性好，抗冲击强度高，具有优异的韧性和良好的加工性，以及优良的耐老化性能，原料据有优异的流动性，与其它种类的聚烯烃有良好相容性。发泡中层采用不同分子量、不同厂家生产的聚乙烯按比例混匀，改善了材料的分子量分布，两种聚乙烯及发泡剂间怎样相互协同，在滚塑成型过程中，自然形成多孔结构，其强度随着密度的增大而增大，具有质量轻、优异的吸收冲击载荷、振动能量的性能，从而具有优良的缓冲减震性能。防渗内层主要材料为高密度聚乙烯，具有良好的耐热、耐寒和防腐蚀性，具有较高的刚性和韧性，机械强度好，硬度高、拉伸强度大，具有极好的抗冲击性，化学稳定性好，本身不会与内装物发生反应，影响内装物的质量。滚塑成型后的储液罐结构规整性高，无定型结构很少，即保持了较高的刚性，又有很好的柔性、耐蠕变性，集几种聚乙烯的优点于一身，因而具有很好的强度和抗冲击性能。3、滚塑过程中，通过合理控制温度和加热时间，来控制熔融程度，通过准确控制转速来获得均匀的覆盖厚度和适当的粉末轨迹；滚塑生产后，由于冷却速度的不同，聚乙烯滚塑制品的密度将发生一定的变化，并且对产品的收缩也有一定的影响。在冷却过程中，聚乙烯的分子从无序的状态转变为较为有序的结晶态，当结晶度不同时，聚乙烯制品的密度就不同，物理性能也将有所差别。急速冷却的聚乙烯滚塑制品具有较低的密度，而缓慢冷却的制品则具有较高的密度。本发明合理控制冷却时间以控制结晶度，从而获得很好的强度和抗冲击性能。
本发明的有益效果是：本三层复合式椭球形聚乙烯滚塑储液罐，一体成型、无棱角、与地面接触时无应力集中点，并可形成弹跳缓冲、避免直接冲击，无附加缓冲结构，结构简单，并集合各层聚乙烯材质的优点，实现了减薄、减重的同时获得较高的强度和抗冲击能力，可实现200-300米的无伞空投。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是充、放液口与罐体壁结合的结构示意图；
图3是防脱基座的结构示意图；
附图中，1代表罐体，1-1代表加强筋，1-2代表抓握槽，2-1代表充液口，2-2代表放液口，3代表防护凸肋，4代表螺纹孔座，4-1代表防脱基座，4-2代表螺纹套筒，4-3 代表“L”形防脱钩，4-4代表围栏，5代表螺纹堵头。
具体实施方式
实施例一，按下述步骤制备储水罐：
a、选料：选取抗冲击外层原料-法国道达尔的中密度茂金属聚乙烯M4040，密度为0.940g/cm3，熔体质量流动速率为4g/10min，防渗内层原料-抚顺石化的HDPE7260，密度为0.957±0.002 g/cm3，在190℃-2.16Kg的测试条件下，熔体质量流动速率为8±1.5g/10min，发泡中层原料包括60%的扬子石化的HDPE5306J，密度为0.951-0.955 g/cm3，在190℃-2.16Kg的测试条件下，熔体质量流动速率为5.0-7.0 g/10min，37%的茂名石化公司生产的LDPE2420H，密度为0.923g/cm3，在190℃-2.16Kg的测试条件下，熔体质量流动速率为1.9g/10min，3%的偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯；
b、磨粉：将发泡中层原料搅拌混合8分钟后烘干、磨成70目的料粉，抗冲击外层原料磨成55目的料粉，防渗内层原料磨成37目的料粉；
c、模具准备：清理模具、涂布脱模剂、安装预埋件；
d、滚塑：滚塑过程为三次加料，保持主副轴双向旋转，主轴转速为9转/分钟，副轴转速25转/分钟，
1）注入抗冲击外层原料，炉温290℃，加热时间16min,
2）注入发泡中层原料，炉温210℃，加热时间22min，
3）注入防渗内层原料，炉温260℃，加热时间17min；
e、冷却：打开烘箱舱门冷却50～ 70分钟，待模具表面温度降至75～80℃度时进行卸模。
在滚塑过程中，颗粒较大的中层原料流动性好，可与外层充分贴合，内层形成过程中，粘弹态中层表层可与内层表层互相包络。
具体结构参见附图，包括罐体1和充、放液口，罐体1为椭球形，底端设置有支撑平面，表面分布有厚度为14mm的加强筋1-1，侧面设置有抓握槽1-2。充、放液口设置有两个，分别为设置在罐体1顶端的充液口2-1及设置在侧面的放液口2-2。两者均内凹于罐体表面设置，且外围设置有防护凸肋3。具体结构为滚塑工艺中预埋于罐体1壁内的，螺纹孔座4包括六边形防脱基座4-1及设置在防脱基座4-1中心的螺纹套筒4-2，螺纹堵头5旋紧在螺纹套筒4-2内，封闭罐体。防脱基座4-1外围均布四个“L”形防脱钩4-3，各“L”形防脱钩4-3顶端借助围栏4-4连接。滚塑成型时，聚乙烯原料填充、堆积在围栏内、外，使螺纹孔座4与聚乙烯原料充分结合，避免冲击脱落。围栏可增强螺纹孔座4强度。抗冲击外层厚度为4mm、发泡中层厚度为4mm，防渗内层厚度为3mm。
实施例二，在实施例一结构的基础上，在罐体1表面缠绕荧光带。工艺方法与实施例一相同，不同的发泡中层原料配方为：包括70%的扬子石化的HDPE5306J，密度为0.951-0.955 g/cm3，在190℃-2.16Kg的测试条件下，熔体质量流动速率为5.0-7.0 g/10min，29%的茂名石化公司生产的LDPE2420H，密度为0.923g/cm3，在190℃-2.16Kg的测试条件下，熔体质量流动速率为1.9g/10min，1%的偶氮二甲酰胺。抗冲击外层厚度为3mm、发泡中层厚度为5mm，防渗内层厚度为3mm。
实施例三，一种用于无伞空投的汽油罐，其余结构同实施例1，罐体1表面喷涂荧光粉，并在罐体1上增加导静电口。导静电口设置在罐体表面一体成型的内凹槽内，且外围也成型有截面形状为半圆形的防护凸肋，同样采用预埋螺纹孔座4结构，螺纹堵头5上焊接有导电线。工艺方法与实施例一相同，不同的发泡中层原料配方为：包括80%的扬子石化的HDPE5306J，密度为0.951-0.955 g/cm3，在190℃-2.16Kg的测试条件下，熔体质量流动速率为5.0-7.0 g/10min，18%的茂名石化公司生产的LDPE2420H，密度为0.923g/cm3，在190℃-2.16Kg的测试条件下，熔体质量流动速率为1.9g/10min，2%的偶氟二羧酸钡。抗冲击外层厚度为5mm、发泡中层厚度为4mm，防渗内层厚度为2mm。
在23℃的测试温度下，分别按照GB/T9341、GB/T1040（Ⅰ型样条）、GB/T1843（V型缺口）在实施例1-3的储液罐侧面截取试样，进行力学性能测试，结果参见表1。
表1
实施例一 实施例二 实施例三
弯曲模量 1590MPa 1740MPa 1660MPa
拉伸强度 32.9MPa 32.3MPa 33.4MPa
冲击强度 132KJ/m2 117KJ/m2 141KJ/m2
本储液罐25L容量的罐重为4-8KG。弯曲刚度可达1550-1740Mpa、拉伸强度可达32.3-33.4Mpa、冲击强度可达110-145KJ/m2。
按照GJB6854-2009《空降兵装备空投要求》，将实施例1-3的储液罐内装相应液体后进行抗冲击试验，灌液25L后整重均在30KG左右，在水泥和草地上进行无伞空投的高度均可达200米以上。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于无伞空投的储液罐，包括罐体（1）和充、放液口，其特征在于：所述罐体（1）为一体滚塑成型的椭球形，罐体（1）底端为支撑平面，罐体（1）壁为三层结构，包括抗冲击外层、发泡中层及防渗内层；抗冲击外层原料为中密度茂金属聚乙烯，防渗内层原料为高密度聚乙烯，发泡中层原料包括60-80%的高密度聚乙烯、20-40%的低密度聚乙烯及1-3%的发泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于无伞空投的储液罐，其特征在于：所述中密度茂金属聚乙烯的密度为0.930-0.947g/cm3，熔体质量流动速率为3.3-5.1g/10min；所述防渗内层原料高密度聚乙烯的密度为0.951-0.955 g/cm3，熔体质量流动速率为5.0-7.0 g/10min；发泡中层原料中高密度聚乙烯的密度为0.955-0.959 g/cm3、熔体质量流动速率为6.0-9.0 g/10min，低密度聚乙烯的密度为0.922-0.926g/cm3、熔体质量流动速率为1.7-2.2g/10min；发泡剂为偶氮类化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于无伞空投的储液罐，其特征在于：所述抗冲击外层厚度为3-5mm、发泡中层厚度为4-5mm，防渗内层厚度为2-3mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于无伞空投的储液罐，其特征在于：所述充、放液口设置在罐体表面一体成型的内凹槽内，且该充、放液口外围还成型有截面形状为半圆形的防护凸肋（3）。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于无伞空投的储液罐，其特征在于：所述充、放液口为滚塑工艺中预埋于罐体（1）壁内的螺纹孔座（4），该螺纹孔座（4）与配套螺纹堵头（5）配合形成密封结构；所述螺纹孔座（4）包括多边形防脱基座（4-1）及设置在防脱基座（4-1）中心的螺纹套筒（4-2），防脱基座（4-1）外围均布“L”形防脱钩（4-3）形成主要防脱结构；螺纹堵头（5）连接在螺纹套筒（4-2）内；且各“L”形防脱钩（4-3）顶端借助围栏（4-4）连接，形成增强螺纹孔座（4）强度的辅助防脱结构。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于无伞空投的储液罐，其特征在于：所述充、放液口设置有两个，分别为设置在罐体（1）顶端的充液口（2-1）及设置在侧面的放液口（2-2）。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于无伞空投的储液罐，其特征在于：所述罐体（1）表面均匀环绕有凸出的纬向加强筋（1-1），且所述加强筋（1-1）与罐体（1）一体成型；加强筋（1-1）的截面形状为半圆形，且凸出厚度大于13mm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于无伞空投的储液罐，其特征在于：所述罐体（1）侧面一体成型有内凹的抓握槽（1-2），且抓握槽（1-2）边缘与罐体（1）侧面圆滑过渡。
9.根据权利要求7所述的用于无伞空投的储液罐，其特征在于：所述罐体（1）表面分布有荧光带或涂覆荧光粉。
10.一种用于无伞空投的储液罐的滚塑成型方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
a、选料：选取抗冲击外层原料中密度茂金属聚乙烯，防渗内层原料高密度聚乙烯，发泡中层原料包括60-80%的高密度聚乙烯、20-40%的低密度聚乙烯及1-3%的发泡剂；
b、磨粉：将发泡中层原料搅拌混合5-10分钟后烘干、磨成60-90目的料粉，抗冲击外层原料磨成50-60目的料粉，防渗内层原料磨成35-40目的料粉；
c、模具准备：清理模具、涂布脱模剂、安装预埋件；
d、滚塑：滚塑过程为三次加料，保持主副轴双向旋转，主/副轴转速5-10/10-25（HZ）；
1）注入抗冲击外层原料，炉温280-300℃，加热时间15-20min,
2）注入发泡中层原料，炉温200-220℃，加热时间20-25min，
3）注入防渗内层原料，炉温250-270℃，加热时间15-20min；
e、冷却：打开烘箱舱门冷却50～ 70分钟，待模具表面温度降至75～80℃度时进行卸模。
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CN111057294A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2020-04-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种蓄光发泡型聚乙烯浮球组合物及制备方法
CN113277197A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-08-20 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 一种用于液体空投的包装箱

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CN1713987A (zh) * 2002-11-21 2005-12-28 托塔尔石油化学产品研究弗吕公司 多层滚塑
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CN204895119U (zh) * 2015-09-01 2015-12-23 浙江兴邦塑胶科技有限公司 防渗漏汽车滚塑燃油箱

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CN1684807A (zh) * 2002-09-27 2005-10-19 原子能委员会 包括一层热塑性泡沫的零件的旋转成型方法
CN1713987A (zh) * 2002-11-21 2005-12-28 托塔尔石油化学产品研究弗吕公司 多层滚塑
CN102066108A (zh) * 2008-04-21 2011-05-18 道达尔石油化学产品研究弗吕公司 通过多层滚塑制备的休闲制品和汽车
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111057294A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2020-04-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种蓄光发泡型聚乙烯浮球组合物及制备方法
CN113277197A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-08-20 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 一种用于液体空投的包装箱

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