CN1698411A - 草地割草机中带有电动切割单元的内燃机牵引驱动装置 - Google Patents
草地割草机中带有电动切割单元的内燃机牵引驱动装置 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
- A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
- A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
- A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
- A01D34/42—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. cutting-cylinders
- A01D34/46—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. cutting-cylinders hand-guided by a walking operator
- A01D34/47—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. cutting-cylinders hand-guided by a walking operator with motor driven cutters or wheels
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- A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
- A01D34/42—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. cutting-cylinders
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
- A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
- A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
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Abstract
一种手扶式草地割草机包括有一个活动结构和一个可旋转连接到所述活动结构上的接地牵引元件。接地牵引元件将牵引运动施加到活动结构上,使其在地面上以地速运动。一台内燃机支撑在活动结构上,且将驱动力输出到接地牵引元件。一把底刀由活动结构支撑,它具有与旋转支撑在活动结构上的割草轮相配合的刀刃。一台电动机支撑在活动结构上,它以旋转速度旋转驱动割草轮,旋转速度可根据所测的地速而改变。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及草地割草机(greens mowers),尤其是具有用于改进割草性能及操作的内燃机牵引驱动装置和电动切割单元驱动的草地割草机。
背景技术
正如现有技术中所已知的那样,草地割草机在为高尔夫球场的草地割草时特别有用,众所周知,高尔夫球场需要准确的割草结果来保证整块草地上的草割得一致。传统上,这些草地割草机要么是手扶式(walk-behind)割草机,要么是乘式(riding)割草机。
草地割草机一般采用与旋转式割草单元相对的轮式割草单元。人们最关心的是这些轮式割草单元的剪切速度,这是由于剪切速度常常决定了切割的一致性和切割的质量,这会改善草皮的生长状况。因为草地长成所需的时间长,并且与之相关的费用高,所以非常重要的一点是草地割草机操作要适当,并且不能损坏草皮。
剪切速度一般是指割草轮的旋转速度与牵引或驱动单元的相应速度之比。通常是通过测量旋转的轮刀在草地上连续移动时所产生的单独的连续割草位置之间的距离来测量剪切速度。切割位置之间所留的草必须高于切割位置处切割过的草。因此,切割速度对高尔夫球场草地上草的最佳状态非常重要。
高尔夫球场的草地维护设备通常都会用到内燃机。在现有技术中存在有许多草地割草机,其中一些公开在美国专利US3429110和US4024996中。具有多个或一组割草单元的乘式草地割草机是美国专利US3511033、US3668844、US4866918和US5042236的主题。上面所提到的所有专利都被并入此处以作参考。这些专利中所公开的割草机都用内燃机作主要动力源,并且都还用到了由传动带、传动齿轮和/或传动链构成的复杂传动装置,或向接地轮和轮式割草单元供应动力的静液压系统。然而,用内燃机驱动传动装置和割草单元的草地割草机在使用时有许多相关的缺点。
本领域的技术人员不难理解,传统的由内燃机驱动的草地割草机的第一个缺点是:妨碍快速而方便地改变剪切速度,这是因为传动装置和割草单元之间的机械关系是固定的。换句话说,如果不改变齿轮数目或使用变速传动,那么由传动带、传动齿轮和/或传动链限定的固定的齿轮齿数比则不便于快速而方便地更改剪切速度。因此,如果不费相当的时间和精力,特定的草地割草机的剪切速度通常不可改变。
另外,最近人们对具有不固定或铰接的割草单元的草地割草机的兴趣在增加。这些铰接的割草单元能够更接近地沿草地上的任何起伏行进,因此可改善在地形变化的草地上的切割质量。然而应该理解的是,由于当割草单元相对内燃机活动时,需要持续提供驱动力,因此在内燃机和铰接的割草单元之间延伸的机械驱动单元通常复杂且笨重。
再者,这种传统的草地割草机常常采用复杂的断开(disengagement)系统,这些系统需要操作者触发才能接上(engage)或断开割草单元。这些系统常常需要操作者触发一根从手柄上分出来的控制杆,当割草单元被断开时,这会导致不希望的切割动作。
因此,相关领域需要一种由内燃机驱动的草地割草机,它能始终如一地保持所想要的既可靠又易于配置的剪切速度。另外,相关领域还需要一种由内燃机驱动的草地割草机,它无需复杂的机械驱动系统即可驱动铰接的割草单元。而且,相关领域还需要一种草地割草机,它具有简单且安全的断开系统,因此可快捷而方便地开启或关闭割草单元。最后,相关领域还需要一种草地割草机,它能够克服现有技术的缺点。
发明内容
根据本发明的原则,提供了一种具有结构优势的手扶式草地割草机。该草地割草机包括一个活动结构和一个可旋转连接到所述活动结构上的接地牵引元件。接地牵引元件将牵引运动施加到活动结构上,使其在地面上以地速运动。一台内燃机支撑在活动结构上,且将驱动力输出到接地牵引元件。一把由活动结构支撑的底刀具有与旋转支撑在活动结构上的割草轮相配合的刀刃。一台电动机支撑在活动结构上,它以旋转速度旋转驱动割草轮,该旋转速度可根据所测的地速而改变。
通过下面的详细说明可以看出本发明的其他应用领域。尽管这些详细说明和特殊例子展示了本发明的优选实施例,但不难理解这些只是处于解释目的,而非为了限定本发明的范围。
附图说明
通过详细说明和附图可进一步透彻地理解本发明,其中:
图1是符合本发明原则的草地割草机的透视图。
具体实施方式
下面对优选实施例的说明本质上只是示范性的,而决不是为了限制本发明、其应用或用途。
参照附图,图1展示了一台体现了本发明原则的草地割草机10。草地割草机10是一台轮式割草机,它包括基座部分12和不固定的或铰接的割草单元14。割草单元14通过枢轴连接机构16铰接到基座部分12上。
割草单元14包括可旋转的草地割草机轮18,轮18上有绕轮轴22等距分布的螺旋刀片20。轮轴22一般呈细长形,并且确定了一根沿轮轴22的长度方向延伸的旋转轴线24。常规的固定底刀(未示)可以安装到割草单元14上。刀片20相对轴22旋转,并且移过固定的底刀以进行通常的割草功能。割草单元14还包括一对沿割草单元14的前部和后部旋转安装的接地辊26。这对接地辊26起支撑割草单元14以使之在地面上移动的作用。这对接地辊26最好可以调节以确定割草高度。
割草单元14还包括一个可变的电动机28。电动机28如图所示安装在割草单元14的侧部元件30上。电动机28可以连接到割草轮18上,因此可通过传动系统(未示)旋转驱动割草轮18。传动系统可以包括带、齿轮、链等,以传统方式将驱动力从电动机28传送到割草轮18。然而不难理解,在电动机28和割草轮18之间延伸的传动系统结构简单,这是因为它直接安装在割草单元14上。因此,割草单元14的任何结合都不会影响驱动马达和割草轮的相对位置关系,这是现有技术中的铰接式草地割草机的共同点。因此,传动系统只需包括必要的部件,以确定相对于电动机28负荷的一定范围的旋转速度,例如一条简单的齿轮传动链。
尽管电动机28如图所示安装在割草单元14的侧部元件30上,但不难理解电动机28也可以安装在多个位置中的任何一个位置上。例如,电动机28一般可以安装在割草轮18的上方,或者位于一侧,或者位于中间,另外电动机28还可以安装在轮轴22内,这可为电动机28提供额外的保护,以防止其受到环境的损坏,并改善割草单元14的重量平衡。
基座部分12一般包括一台内燃机32、一个机架34、一个草坪辊36、一套驱动系统38、和一套手柄组件40。内燃机32为传统结构,安装在机架34上。内燃机32可以包括一个以增强便利性为目的的电启动器。内燃机32还包括一台发电机42,在内燃机工作时它可输出电能。发电机42产生的电能通过挠性线路44被输送到电动机28,用来驱动电动机28,进而驱动割草轮18。
草坪辊36通过辊轴46可旋转地安装在机架34上。草坪辊36将基座部分12支撑在地面上,充当割草机10的牵引驱动装置。可用其他的地面支撑牵引元件代替它。驱动系统38可以连接在输出轴48和草坪辊36之间。驱动系统38一般包括安装到输出轴48上以便与其一起旋转的驱动滑轮(未示)和一个安装到草坪辊36上以便与其一起旋转的惰轮(未示)。一根驱动皮带(未示)在驱动滑轮和惰轮之间延伸,以便将驱动力从内燃机32传递到草坪辊36。这样,就存在从内燃机32到接地草坪辊36之间的牵引驱动系统,该系统至少能沿向前的方向驱动割草机10。
手柄组件40包括一根适于和机架34连接在一起的手柄50。手柄50包括一个把手部分52,在操纵草地割草机10时,操作者可以握住把手部分52。一个活动安装的环(bail)或操作者手控部分54枢接在手柄50上,并且可以朝向和背向把手部分52移动。手控部分54的操作与共同拥有的美国专利US6523334所公开的相似,该文被并入此处以作参考。在该方案中,操纵草地割草机10时,操作者既可握住手柄50又可握住手控部分54。当松开手控部分54时,牵引驱动系统38就以与’334号专利相似的方式停止工作。
另外,手柄50附近还包括安装于其上的电气元件56,因此这些电气元件56被呈现给用户,用于观察或触发。一个割草机控制器58安装在手柄组件40上。
割草机控制器58最好是一个能够监视并控制草地割草机10的各种功能的中央处理单元。尽管割草机控制器58可以以各种方法构造成有益于所想要的操作,但最优选的是,割草机控制器58通过电线60与电动机28联系。在这一点上,割草机控制器58能够控制割草轮18的旋转速度。这种控制能力可以简单地保持每分钟所想要的旋转次数,而不管草地割草机10的驱动速度。然而更好的是,割草机控制器58还能够相对于所测得的草地割草机10的驱动速度而改变电动机28和割草轮18的旋转速度。草地割草机10的驱动速度可以用可连接到草坪辊38或辊26上的传感器检测。该传感器在检测到草坪辊38或辊26的旋转速度之后输出一个信号,割草机控制器58可用该信号来测定草地割草机10的驱动速度。因此,从割草机控制器58到电动机28的输出信号可改变电动机28的旋转速度,从而改变割草轮18的剪切速度。
而且,割草机控制器58最好包括一个可由操作者触发的开关62,它便于开启或关闭电动机28,从而有选择性地驱动割草轮18。开关62可以方便地位于手柄50上,以便在操作过程中,操作者无需将手从手柄50上拿开。这种开关可以开启或关闭割草轮18,提高了安全性和寿命。
再者,一个可供选择的电池64可以连接到机架34上。电池64可单独或与发电机42一起用于帮助启动内燃机32、驱动电气元件56、和/或驱动电动机28。
从上述讨论不难理解,本发明与现有技术相比具有许多优点。特别是,本发明提供了一种由内燃机驱动的草地割草机,它能始终如一地保持所想要的既可靠又易于配置的剪切速度。另外,本发明还提供了一种由内燃机驱动的草地割草机,它无需复杂的机械驱动系统即可驱动铰接的割草单元。而且,本发明还提供了一种草地割草机,它具有简单且安全的断开系统,因此可快捷而方便地开启或关闭割草单元。
对本发明的说明本质上仅仅是示范性的,因此不背离本发明思想的各种改变也在本发明的范围之内。不能认为这些改变背离了本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (16)
1、一种手扶式草地割草机,包括:
一个活动结构;
一个可旋转连接到所述活动结构上的接地牵引元件,所述接地牵引元件将牵引运动施加到所述活动结构上,使其在地面上以地速运动;
一台支撑在所述活动结构上的内燃机,所述内燃机将驱动力输出到所述的接地牵引元件;
一把由所述活动结构支撑且具有刀刃的底刀;
一个旋转支撑在所述活动结构上的割草轮,所述割草轮包括有与所述底刀成割草关系的刀片;以及
一台支撑在所述活动结构上的电动机,所述电动机以旋转速度旋转驱动所述割草轮。
2、如权利要求1所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
一个可连接到所述电动机上的控制器,所述控制器可调节所述电动机,以便改变所述割草轮的所述旋转速度。
3、如权利要求2所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
一个可连接到所述牵引元件上的传感器,用于检测所述地速并对此作出响应而向所述控制器输出一个信号。
4、如权利要求3所述的草地割草机,其中所述控制器可对所述信号作出响应而调节所述电动机,从而改变所述割草轮的所述旋转速度。
5、如权利要求1所述的草地割草机,其中所述活动结构包括:
一个基座座部分;以及
一个铰接安装到所述基座部分上以便相对所述基座部分运动的铰接部分,所述铰接部分支撑所述电动机和所述割草轮。
6、如权利要求5所述的草地割草机,其中所述基座部分支撑所述内燃机。
7、如权利要求5所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
旋转连接到所述铰接部分上并将所述铰接部分支撑到地面上的接地辊。
8、如权利要求1所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
一个可连接到所述内燃机上的发电机,所述内燃机工作时,所述发电机可输出电能,所述电能驱动所述电动机。
9、如权利要求1所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
一个向所述电动机输出电能的电池。
10、一种手扶式草地割草机,包括:
一个基座部分;
一个可旋转连接到所述基座部分上的接地牵引元件,所述接地牵引元件将牵引运动施加到所述基座部分上,使其在地面上以地速运动;
一台支撑在所述基座部分上的内燃机,所述内燃机将驱动力输出到所述接地牵引元件;
一个铰接安装到所述基座部分上以相对所述基座部分运动的铰接部分;
一把由所述铰接部分支撑且具有刀刃的底刀;
一个旋转支撑在所述铰接部分上的割草轮,所述割草轮包括有与所述底刀成割草关系的刀片;以及
一台支撑在所述铰接部分上的电动机,所述电动机以旋转速度旋转驱动所述割草轮。
11、如权利要求10所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
一个可连接到所述电动机上的控制器,所述控制器可改变所述电动机,以便改变所述割草轮的所述旋转速度。
12、如权利要求11所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
一个可连接到所述牵引元件上的传感器,用于检测所述地速并对此作出响应而向所述控制器输出一个信号。
13、如权利要求12所述的草地割草机,其中所述控制器可对所述信号作出响应而改变所述电动机,从而改变所述割草轮的所述旋转速度。
14、如权利要求10所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
旋转连接到所述铰接部分上并将所述铰接部分支撑到地面上的接地辊。
15、如权利要求10所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
一个可连接到所述内燃机上的发电机,所述内燃机工作时,所述发电机可输出电能,所述电能驱动所述电动机。
16、如权利要求10所述的草地割草机,进一步包括:
一个向所述电动机输出电能的电池。
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US10/851,987 US7168227B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | Internal combustion engine traction drive with electric cutting unit drive for walking greens mower |
US10/851,987 | 2004-05-21 |
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CN1698411A true CN1698411A (zh) | 2005-11-23 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNA2005100029369A Pending CN1698411A (zh) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-01-26 | 草地割草机中带有电动切割单元的内燃机牵引驱动装置 |
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US (2) | US7168227B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1597955B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005328836A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100659019B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1698411A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE441316T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2490607A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602005016334D1 (zh) |
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US6591593B1 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2003-07-15 | Dennis Brandon | Electric riding lawn mower powered by an internal combustion engine and generator system |
US6604348B2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2003-08-12 | Deere & Company | Mower with engine-driven blade and electrical propulsion |
US6487837B1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-03 | Textron Inc. | Articularly mounted battery-powered walk-behind reel lawnmower |
US6734647B2 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2004-05-11 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Working machine |
GB2388291B (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2005-08-17 | Ian David Shinn | A lawn mower with two variable blade assemblies |
WO2004057166A2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-07-08 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | Hybrid power equipment |
-
2004
- 2004-05-21 US US10/851,987 patent/US7168227B2/en active Active
- 2004-12-20 CA CA002490607A patent/CA2490607A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-01-10 DE DE602005016334T patent/DE602005016334D1/de active Active
- 2005-01-10 EP EP05250080A patent/EP1597955B1/en active Active
- 2005-01-10 AT AT05250080T patent/ATE441316T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-01-26 CN CNA2005100029369A patent/CN1698411A/zh active Pending
- 2005-02-18 JP JP2005042962A patent/JP2005328836A/ja active Pending
- 2005-05-20 KR KR1020050042594A patent/KR100659019B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-01-11 US US11/622,032 patent/US20070107400A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102686100A (zh) * | 2010-01-13 | 2012-09-19 | 株式会社Ihi | 草坪修剪车辆 |
US9084391B2 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2015-07-21 | Ihi Corporation | Lawn mowing vehicle with a control unit for elevating mechanisms and for rotating a blade depending on grass condition |
CN102686100B (zh) * | 2010-01-13 | 2016-03-30 | 株式会社Ihi | 草坪修剪车辆 |
CN105746073A (zh) * | 2010-01-13 | 2016-07-13 | 株式会社Ihi | 草坪修剪车辆 |
CN105746073B (zh) * | 2010-01-13 | 2018-04-13 | 株式会社 Ihi | 草坪修剪车辆 |
CN103168552A (zh) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-26 | 宁波奇亚园林工具有限公司 | 一种滚刀式割草机构 |
CN103168552B (zh) * | 2011-12-21 | 2016-04-27 | 宁波奇亚园林工具有限公司 | 一种滚刀式割草机构 |
CN105794411A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | 动力工具 |
CN105794388A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | 动力工具 |
CN106105542A (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-11-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种手推式电动割草机控制系统 |
CN106105542B (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-05-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种手推式电动割草机控制系统 |
CN109168559A (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2019-01-11 | 陶如意 | 一种市政园林使用的带锯齿的割草机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1597955A1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
DE602005016334D1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
JP2005328836A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
US7168227B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 |
KR100659019B1 (ko) | 2006-12-21 |
CA2490607A1 (en) | 2005-11-21 |
EP1597955B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
ATE441316T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
KR20060046127A (ko) | 2006-05-17 |
US20070107400A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
US20050257512A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
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