CN1665551A - 用于关节置换植入物的开孔金属涂层及其生产方法 - Google Patents

用于关节置换植入物的开孔金属涂层及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1665551A
CN1665551A CN03815104.9A CN03815104A CN1665551A CN 1665551 A CN1665551 A CN 1665551A CN 03815104 A CN03815104 A CN 03815104A CN 1665551 A CN1665551 A CN 1665551A
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implant
top layer
preferred
sintering
perforate
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CN1318101C (zh
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R·勒弗
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Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics AG
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Plus Endoprothetik AG
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    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有开孔涂层的关节置换植入物的生产方法,其中将生物相容金属或其合金的至少一层应用于此植入物的初始表面,而形成一种植入物表面。然后在此植入物表面产生表面微结构。这是通过此植入物表面的蚀刻,例如通过酸浴或通过等离子蚀刻,或者通过将细小生物相容颗粒应用于此植入物表面而获得的。此开孔表层的层厚度为0.5mm至1.5mm,其孔隙率至少为40%。

Description

用于关节置换植入物的开孔金属涂层及其生产方法
按照专利权利要求1、8、26和27的引言,本发明涉及一种开孔生物相容表层,涉及生产开孔涂层植入物的方法,涉及一种植入物,还涉及开孔生物相容表层的应用。
植入物,尤其是关节置换植入物,在修复和治疗医学中正变得越来越加重要。本文中,在无粘固剂关节置换植入物的情况下,骨中植入物的机械性固着是首要的,而且对于植入物的长期稳定和耐受是必需的。但是迄今为止,植入物松弛非常频繁地引起骨质溶解,这是由磨损颗粒引起的。临床上,这种所谓的无菌性松弛是进行修复术最常见的原因,例如髋关节上进行的手术。所以,减小磨损是关节置换植入物开发中的一个目的。另一个目的是防止沿着植入物铺展产生磨损颗粒。在这种情况下,首要的是给骨应用一种优化的关节置换植入物表面,以便骨可长入此植入物中。结果减少无菌性松弛。因此关节置换植入物的表面结构和/或表面涂层具有重要意义,因为它们可使-或防止或阻止-骨长入此植入物中,或者长入此植入物表面。
为了生产这种表层,迄今已发现多孔层是有优势的。已知有各种方法可生产这种多孔层。在此情况下所用的材料是生物相容的材料,尤其是金属,例如钛。在骨植入物的大部分上安排这种表层,这样将增强它们在骨中的长期固着。例如通过烧结技术可生产所需的这些多孔层,这样选择此技术中的结构和烧结条件,可使应用于表面的金属或钛颗粒之间的空腔得到保存。关于此情况,例如V.Galante等描述了在基质上烧结一种细钛丝网(V.Galante et al,JBJS,53A(1971),page101-114)。两个美国专利3,855,638和5,263,986公开了在基质上烧结钛粉的方法,此钛粉含有不同大小的球形颗粒。另一方面,美国专利4,206,516应用了研磨的氢化钛粉,它含有有角的颗粒,然后被烧结到基质上。
此外,通过烧结,由热不稳定的状态保持器和钛粉的混合物或者状态保持器和氢化钛粉的混合物生产钛的骨骼是可能的。例如,美国专利5,034,186或WO01/19556的说明书中描述了这方面的方法;美国Austin的Intermedics公司称为“网状结构钛”的方法也提及了这种可能性。
但是,在通过这种烧结方法生产的所有钛层中,其固有的缺点是由于表面扩散而消除了先前的钛颗粒或者钛纤维的粗糙度。即使骨可长入孔中,在微观下骨细胞几乎不可能从平滑的钛表面上获得任何支撑。通过明显缩短钛颗粒经受高温的时间,可避免这个缺点。例如火焰喷涂法就是这种情况。但是此方法可获得的粗糙度被严重的缺点所抵消,因为火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂钛层实际上没有任何通向外面的孔,因为缺乏所必需的孔,所以它们阻碍了骨本身向其内的生长。例如美国专利4,542,539已经开始着手解决这个问题。还可找到此方面相关的文献,例如AESCULAP,Wissenschaftliche Information22中:″DiePLASMAPORE-Beschichtung für die zementlose Verankerung vonGelenkendo-prothesen″[“用于关节内假体无粘固剂固着的PLASMAPORE涂层”]或者PIPrecision Implants AG的″Osteointegration,Oberflche-und Beschichtungenorthopdischer Implantate für den zementfreien Einsatz″[“用于无粘固剂的整形植入物的骨整合、表面和涂层”]。但是,仍不可能解决前面火焰喷涂法的这种缺点。
通过仅在局部表面加热并加热到有限的程度也可避免长期高温作用导致钛表面变平的难题。例如,这可通过单独点焊而实现。美国专利5,139,528就此点公开了一种方法,其中将多层钛纤维丝网“系”在基质上。但是,在后者减小加热作用的方法中,不利的是所应用的层在亚微米范围内没有显示出任何实际的粗糙度。相反,因为多层钛纤维丝网的规则性,所以这种涂层没有任何大的粗糙度,也就是说没有任何峰和沟,而只有孔,它们从表面向下伸展。因此植入物是用此方式生产的情况下,骨有效地生长也是不可能的。
美国专利5,456,723中公开了另一种方法,它通过蚀刻钛表面而获得亚微米范围的粗糙度,先前它已经被磨粗了。但是按此方式生产的表面没有进一步伸入表面并使骨可长入的空腔。
按照上面所述,概括地说,迄今已进行了许多不同的尝试以在关节置换植入物上生产一种表面,此表面的结构利于骨向内生长。但是,迄今为止仅可能
-生产骨可长入其中的开孔涂层,但在亚微米范围此涂层未提供任何局部解剖学刺激,以利于成骨细胞附着,并因此利于骨快速或比现有技术更好地向内生长;
-可利用一种表面方法,此方法提供了数微米和亚微米结构的粗糙度,以利于成骨细胞更好地附着,尽管那些表面没有骨可长入其中的开孔结构;
-生产几十微米范围的高粗糙度的涂层,其孔隙率是有限的,但又没有实际的亚微米结构;
-生产骨可长入其中的开孔涂层,其表面具有亚微米粗糙度,但没有足够高的大粗糙,因此不能抓在骨上。
因此,本发明的目的是为了弥补前述不足,本发明要解决的问题在于形成关节置换植入物的表面,这样使此表面具有稳定的空腔,这些空腔向外开口,并具有足够的大小,以利于血管化骨组织向其内生长;此表面具有很好的生物相容性,也就是说具有生物惰性或轻度生物活性,并且也具有特殊调节的亚微米粗糙度,而为成骨细胞提供固着点。
通过按照专利权利要求1的开孔生物相容的表层,通过按照专利权利要求8生产这种表面的方法,通过按照专利权利要求26的植入物,以及通过按照专利权利要求27的应用,而解决此难题。
尤其是通过提供一种植入物,尤其是一种关节置换植入物,它具有按照本发明的开孔表层,而解决本发明的这个难题。
另外,通过生产开孔的涂层植入物,尤其是关节置换植入物的方法,而解决此难题,此方法包括下列步骤:
-将至少一层生物相容金属或其合金应用于植入物的初始表面,以生产植入物表面,
-借助此植入物表面的蚀刻而在植入物表面上产生表面微结构和/或在植入物表面产生生物相容良好的颗粒。
本发明的基本中心思想是,首先生产一种植入物表面作为基础,第二步是以可控制的方式为此表面提供一种表面微结构。在一方面可通过向内处理,即通过蚀刻植入物表面而实现此目的。通过应用生物相容良好的颗粒可促进此表面的构成。因此,在这种生物相容的基础层上以控制的方式可产生表面微结构,此基础层确实符合微结构和宏结构相关的所需大小,而且它是或者可与有问题的骨或组织相匹配,以便确保骨可最佳地长入此表层之中。
此情况的基本优势是使骨和关节置换植入物之间的相对运动最小化,这样基本上没有磨损颗粒形成。在关节承受很大的负载的情况下,磨损颗粒本应当形成,因为尽管本发明优化的植入物固着,但它们可能不足以防止在关节中形成磨损颗粒。本发明另外的重要优势发挥作用,所发挥的作用即是因为骨迷路和多孔表面,关节中形成的磨损颗粒很难沿着植入物移行。沿着植入物进行的骨质溶解的速率相应较慢,这样可明显改善骨中关节置换植入物的使用年限和长期固着。
按照本发明的实施方式,通过真空等离子喷涂方法,将生物相容材料应用于此植入物的初始表面。如此调节等离子火焰,是为了当将钛颗粒压在基质上时,即使引起钛颗粒开始轻微熔化,它们也仅仅是被轻微压紧,此基质即是所述植入物的初始表面。通过这种方法,可确保此表面保留开向外面的开孔,避免所应用的表面光滑,并且产生宏结构。血管化骨组织可长入这种宏结构中,此结构的孔的平均直径为300微米。在这点上应当注意到根据原材料的性质或者应用于植入物表面的金属的性质,这些孔的直径是可以改变的,如下文中所述。
应用生物相容金属的替代方法是刷涂、涂敷、喷涂或适于将可流动产物或糊状物应用于物品的其它技术。
生产这种糊状物的方法是将生物相容金属或其合金与一种或多种粘合剂和/或烧结辅助剂混和,并调节至可流动的稠度。必要的流动度基本上依赖于植入物的表面形态和应用糊状物或流体所选择的方式,此糊状物或流体含有生物相容金属。应用生物相容金属的基质结构越细,此糊状物或流体的粘性应当越小,以便能够完全填充这种非常细的结构,但不能趋于形成液滴和流动。如果通过喷涂或溅涂而应用生物相容金属,当然应用也是相同的。
按照本发明,下列一种或多种物质可作为粘合剂:羧甲基纤维素、火棉胶、聚乙烯醇、水或无机溶剂。选择此粘合剂的必需标准是,从植入物表面可将其基本上完全除去的可能性。在植入物表面加工过程中可进行去除。
按照本发明的构造变体,对应用于植入物初始表面的至少一层进行烧结。当通过刷涂、涂敷、喷涂、溅涂或这种应用的其它技术,将生物相容金属已应用于植入物的初始表面时,应用烧结是有优势的。通过真空等离子喷涂方法应用的生物相容层的烧结是可能的,尤其是当通过真空等离子喷涂方法所用的这种层的孔太大时尤为可能,也就是说通过烧结可修正这种植入物表面的孔大小。
按照本发明,上述烧结辅助剂为一种烧结辅助金属,它与生物相容金属或其合金一起形成一种低共熔混合物。为此,尤其是应用硅或钴,优选为元素形式。通常,应用粉末形式的硅或钴,它们可与金属粉末和一种或多种粘合剂混和,这样可产生成分均匀分布的糊状物,并且还可以将此糊状物以均匀的形式应用于植入物的初始表面。
按照本发明的实施方式,在真空中进行烧结。在这种情况下,真空中进行烧结所产生的优势是在加热阶段去除粘合剂,在此期间使粘合剂变性和/或将其从系统中去掉。另一个优势是可能应用生物相容金属相应的前体来代替生物相容金属,例如代替钛粉末,此前体就是相应的金属氢化物粉末。在这种情况下,烧结期的加热阶段也发生脱氢作用。
此情况下的烧结温度为800℃至1500℃,或者950℃至1400℃,尤其为1000℃至1350℃。每种特殊情况下的适宜温度主要依赖于所用的烧结辅助剂及其与生物相容金属的比例,在硅的条件下温度为1295℃至1355℃。当钴用作烧结辅助剂时,优选的烧结温度为1000℃至1100℃。
按照本发明,生物相容金属的应用形式为粉末,尤其为角形粉末。因此,以有利的方式可避免形成过度紧密的植入物表面,这是因为由于角形颗粒不规则的结构和边角,它们不会形成紧密填充(球形填充)。结果,从一开始即形成某种基础孔隙率,在孔深度方面,其与植入物上的表层厚度相一致。
这种开孔表层的层厚度为0.1mm至2.5mm,优选0.3mm至1.9mm,尤其优选0.5mm至1.5mm。因此为植入物和骨之间的“抓紧”提供了足够的接触深度。
应用于植入物初始表面的生物相容金属,其颗粒大小为50μm至800μm是有利的,优选为100μm至650μm,尤其优选为200μm至550μm。因此,根据颗粒大小构造表面是可能的,与粉末的角形形式结合,和/或与开孔表层的层厚度结合,这样可选择一种最佳的利于骨长入其中的孔直径,其粉末例如对其进行研磨,使其成为角形。另外,倒切口和空腔可能在此层内,这样长入其中的骨可到多孔的表层后面,通过这种方式,可确保获得优化的固着。
按照本发明,生物相容金属优选为钛,也可为锆、铌或钽。那些金属具有良好的生物相容性,而且如果一种金属在个体中不可预见地缺乏相容性时,则允许使用不同的金属。
另外,此生物相容金属应用的形式可为金属氢化物粉末。这样是有利的,因为此金属氢化物粉末是其生产过程中实际金属的前体。如果为这种粉末,在真空中进行烧结的同时,例如在烧结循环的加热阶段发生脱氢作用。
按照本发明的实施方式,通过酸浴和/或通过等离子蚀刻进行植入物表面的蚀刻。如果为等离子蚀刻,使用氧等离子体尤其有利。在特殊情况中使用的此方法将依赖所需表面微结构的性质。考虑到在酸浴中进行的蚀刻方法导致小蚀刻坑的形成,这些小坑直径为0.1μm的最级至2.5μm,优选为0.5μm至1.9μm,尤其是约为0.8μm至1.5μm,而等离子蚀刻不导致坑的形成,却使此金属表面形成细微、相当浅的粗糙。这两种方法可连续地联合使用。
在植入物表面产生表面微结构的另一种可能的方法是在植入物表面应用生物相容颗粒,如上所述。在此情况中这些细小的生物相容颗粒的颗粒大小为0.01μm至5μm,优选为0.1μm至3μm,尤其为0.2μm至1μm。应用这种方法,植入物表面不发生粗糙或蚀刻;相反,此表面被涂敷生物相容颗粒。例如这是应用一种溶胶-凝胶法和粘合剂完成的,优选硅酸盐基础粘合剂。此颗粒粘合剂与前面所述生产糊状或流体的粘合剂不同,它在生物相容颗粒上保持在后面,而且本身也是生物相容的。此精细生物相容颗粒的适宜材料尤其为二氧化钛和磷酸钙。然而,也可能使用另一种适宜的生物相容材料。然而所述这两种材料尤其是有利的,因为它们与人体本身的化合物相一致,或者与植入物完全相同或相似的化合物相一致,这些化合物也是生物相容的。
此外,本发明的难题是通过一种开孔生物相容表层解决的,此表层被置于植入物的初始表面上,其层厚为0.1mm至2.5mm,优选为0.3mm至1.9mm,尤其优选为0.5mm至1.5mm,而且其孔隙率为20%至85%,优选为30%至70%,尤其优选为35%至65%。高度孔隙率也可在个别情况中大于85%,它为开孔表层中骨的固着提供最佳的可能性。
作为骨以快速而优化的方式向内生长的局部解剖学刺激物,按照本发明,提供了一种亚微米至微米范围的表面结构。在一方面,这种结构由蚀刻坑组成,这些蚀刻坑的直径为0.1μm至2.5μm,优选为0.5μm至1.9μm,尤其优选为0.8μm至1.5μm,另一方面,这种结构由开孔表层的亚微米和微米范围的浅粗糙组成。
按照本发明的另一个实施方式,此植入物在表面具有生物相容颗粒,尤其是二氧化钛或磷酸钾。那些颗粒可能至少为部分涂敷。按照本发明,此生物相容颗粒的大小为0.1μm至5μm,优选为0.1μm至3μm,尤其优选为0.2μm至1μm。在需要时,不同大小的颗粒可彼此联合使用。但是,在这种情况下,应当确保此生物相容颗粒未引起那些孔的关闭,而致使开向外面的空腔的直径低于血管化骨组织长入其中所需的大小。
提供各种表面微结构的组合,即小坑、浅粗糙及所用的生物相容颗粒。
按照另一个实施方式,此植入物的开孔表层主要由钛、铌、锆、钽或其合金组成。
与问题相符,通过应用本发明的表层,在下列方面获得最佳的骨植入物联合体的长期稳定性:股骨干、髋关节臼、膝关节置换的股骨组件、膝关节置换的胫骨组件、肩关节置换的组件、肘关节置换的组件、趾关节置换的组件、指关节置换的组件、腰椎椎体融合的组件、椎间盘置换的组件、经齿龈植入物系统,以及用于畸齿矫正,特别是颌整形植入物系统和牙(置换)植入物。
本发明的另一个实施方式出自从属权利要求。
在下文中通过例举实施方式对本发明进行进一步的描述。
在第一步中,从研磨有角的钛粉末开始,将开孔结构应用于此植入物表面,此钛粉末是经氢化物阶段而产生的。其中钛粉末的颗粒大小至少为200μm。开孔层本身的层厚为0.5至1.5mm,孔隙率至少为40%。优选通过真空等离子喷涂方法应用此层。调节其中的等离子火焰,以便即使造成钛颗粒开始轻度熔化,则当它们压在基质上时,它们仅仅被轻度压紧,此基质即为植入物的初始表面。然后,由此产生的植入物表面则在酸浴中经受蚀刻处理。通过对此处理进行适当的控制,可产生直径约为1μm的细小蚀刻坑。
按照第二个举例的实施方式,通过烧结方法而产生开孔层,此方法中使用有几分粗糙而有角的钛粉末,其颗粒大小约为500μm。将此钛粉末与粘合剂和烧结辅助剂搅拌在一起,形成可涂敷的糊状物,并用刷子将其应用到此植入物的初始表面,其中所述的粘合剂即水,烧结辅助剂即元素硅粉。此元素硅粉与所用的钛一起形成低熔的低共熔混合物,它用于暂时液相烧结。在真空中完成烧结循环,它在加热阶段包括去粘合剂期,在此期中将水除去。此后即开始实际的烧结过程。因为硅用作烧结辅助剂,所以烧结温度为1330℃。然后将由此产生的开孔层经受蚀刻处理过程,此过程与上述实施例的过程相同。
按照第三个举例的实施方式,元素钴粉取代硅粉用作烧结剂。否则,此实施例与上述第二个举例的实施方式完全相同。因为钴用作烧结辅助剂,烧结温度约为1040℃。
按照第四个举例实施方式,在真空中进行烧结循环。钛粉的前体即相应的钛氢化物粉末,用作生物相容材料。在此粉末的情况下,在烧结循环的加热阶段进行脱氢作用。否则,此举例的实施方式与实施方式2相同。在此情况下,水也用作粘合剂,同样在烧结循环的加热阶段从系统中将其除去。
为了通过真空等离子喷涂方法或烧结而产生这些层,可应用等离子蚀刻取代酸蚀刻。优选在氧等离子中进行此蚀刻。在此过程中不形成任何小坑;相反,钛表面出现了微观细小,有几分浅的粗糙。
在这点上,当然应当强调,在应用至少一层生物相容金属之前,也可对植入物的初始表面进行蚀刻。也可应用多层生物相容金属,而且此应用主要依赖于所需层厚和所需多孔表层的结构,并依赖于孔的形状。因此,例如,根据孔直径,可产生一种梯度,以便使这些孔从外表面到植入物初始表面逐渐变窄;同样,孔直径可向植入物初始表面方向逐渐变宽。通过这种方法,成骨细胞可形成一种锚似聚集,并在多孔表层内形成骨连接。因此在植入物初始表面方向此多孔表层将是倒凹的,这样可使多孔表层上骨的固着作用最佳。
按照第五个举例的实施方式,对通过真空等离子喷涂方法或者烧结方法产生的此层不进行蚀刻,而用细小生物相容颗粒进行涂敷。在两种变型中,二氧化钛粉末或者磷酸钙粉末可用作那些细小颗粒。在两种情况下颗粒大小均为1μm。应用硅酸盐基质粘合剂,经溶胶-凝胶法可应用这些粉末。
在这点上,应当指出,作为发明的重要部分,所有上述部分是被单独和联合要求保护的。在本领域技术人员所理解的范围内可对其进行修改。

Claims (27)

1.用于植入物的开孔生物相容表层,此层被安排在此植入物的初始表面上,其特征在于:
-开孔表层的层厚度为0.1mm至2.5mm,优选0.3mm至1.9mm,尤其优选0.5mm至1.5mm;
-此开孔表层的孔隙率为20%至85%,优选30%至70%,尤其优选35%至65%。
2.按照权利要求1的表层,其特征在于:
此开孔表层具有小坑,尤其是蚀刻坑,其直径为0.1μm至2.5μm,优选0.5μm至1.9μm,尤其优选0.8μm至1.5μm。
3.按照权利要求1或2的表层,其特征在于:
此开孔表层具有亚微米范围的浅粗糙。
4.按照上述权利要求之一的表层,其特征在于:
在植入物表面安排生物相容颗粒,尤其是二氧化钛或磷酸钙颗粒。
5.按照权利要求4的表层,其特征在于:
此生物相容颗粒的大小为0.01μm至5μm,优选0.1μm至3μm,尤其优选0.2μm至1μm。
6.按照权利要求1至3之一的表层,其特征在于:
此开孔表层主要由钛、锆、铌或钽组成。
7.按照权利要求1至4之一的表层,其特征在于:
烧结此开孔表层。
8.生产一种开孔涂敷植入物的方法,尤其是关节置换植入物,其特征为下列步骤:
-将至少一层生物相容金属或其合金应用于植入物的表层,产生一种植入物表面,
-通过植入物表面的蚀刻和/或将细小生物相容颗粒应用于植入物表面,在植入物表面产生一种表面微结构。
9.按照权利要求8的方法,其特征在于:
通过真空等离子喷涂方法应用此生物相容金属。
10.按照权利要求8的方法,其特征在于:
通过刷涂、涂敷、喷涂或类似的应用技术使用此生物相容金属。
11.按照权利要求8至10之一的方法,尤其按照权利要求10的方法,其特征在于:
烧结应用于植入物初始表面的至少一层。
12.按照权利要求11的方法,其特征在于:
应用粘合剂和/或烧结辅助剂。
13.按照权利要求12的方法,其特征在于:
将一种烧结辅助金属用作烧结辅助剂,它与生物相容金属或其合金一起形成低熔的低共熔混合物,尤其是硅或钴,优选形式为元素粉末。
14.按照权利要求11至13之一的方法,其特征在于:
在真空中进行烧结。
15.按照权利要求11至14之一的方法,其特征在于:
烧结包括去粘合剂和/或脱氢作用阶段。
16.按照权利要求11至15之一的方法,其特征在于:
所用的烧结温度为800℃至1500℃,优选950℃至1400℃,尤其优选1000℃至1350℃。
17.按照权利要求8至16之一的方法,其特征在于:
此生物相容金属的应用形式为粉末,尤其为有角粉末形式。
18.按照权利要求8至17之一的方法,其特征在于:
产生的开孔表层的层厚度为0.1mm至2.5mm,优选0.3mm至1.9mm,尤其优选0.5mm至1.5mm。
19.按照权利要求8至18之一的方法,其特征在于:
应用于植入物初始表面的生物相容金属的颗粒大小为50μm至800μm,优选100μm至650μm,尤其优选200μm至550μm。
20.按照权利要求8至19之一的方法,其特征在于:
此生物相容金属为钛、锆、铌或钽。
21.按照权利要求10至20之一的方法,其特征在于:
此生物相容金属的应用形式为金属氢化物粉末。
22.按照权利要求8至21之一的方法,其特征在于:
通过酸(浴)蚀刻和/或通过等离子蚀刻,尤其是氧等离子蚀刻,进行此植入物表面的蚀刻。
23.按照权利要求8至22之一的方法,其特征在于:
此细小生物相容颗粒的颗粒大小为0.01μm至5μm,优选0.1μm至3μm,尤其优选0.2μm至1μm。
24.按照权利要求8至23之一的方法,其特征在于:
通过溶胶-凝胶法,使用粘合剂而应用此细小生物相容颗粒,此粘合剂优选硅酸盐基的粘合剂。
25.按照权利要求8至24之一的方法,其特征在于:
二氧化钛、磷酸钙或另一种生物相容金属用作此细小生物相容颗粒的原料。
26.植入物,尤其是关节置换植入物,其特征为具有按照权利要求1至7之一的表层。
27.按照权利要求1至7之一的表层用于股骨干、髋关节臼、膝关节置换的股骨组件、膝关节置换的胫骨组件、肩关节置换的组件、肘关节置换的组件、趾关节置换的组件、指关节置换的组件、腰椎椎体融合的组件、椎间盘置换的组件、经齿龈植入物系统,畸齿矫正的植入物系统和牙(置换)植入物。
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CN110087699B (zh) * 2016-12-23 2022-06-07 胶原基质公司 骨移植物替代物
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US20060100716A1 (en) 2006-05-11
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ATE424859T1 (de) 2009-03-15
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