CN112057674A - 一种表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112057674A
CN112057674A CN202010835998.2A CN202010835998A CN112057674A CN 112057674 A CN112057674 A CN 112057674A CN 202010835998 A CN202010835998 A CN 202010835998A CN 112057674 A CN112057674 A CN 112057674A
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刘磊
夏木建
周广宏
李年莲
林岳宾
丁红燕
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Huaiyin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金及其制备方法，该诱骨医用钛合金表面具有微米级孔隙，微米级孔隙内部分布有纳米多孔结构，纳米多孔结构内附着有纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒；该诱骨医用钛合金的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)将纳米羟基磷灰石粉末与医用钛合金粉末混合均匀的复合材料粉；(2)将复合材料粉末采用等离子微波烧结，得到医用钛‑钙合金；(3)利用飞秒激光热源在钛‑钙合金表面进行扫略加工。该诱骨医用钛合金孔隙内壁分布的纳米级多孔结构，便于骨组织在孔隙内的梯度式攀附生长，钛合金与骨组织界面稳定结合，钛合金植入体的骨诱导活性好。

Description

一种表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种诱骨医用钛合金及其制备方法，更具体地，涉及一种表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
钛及钛合金因具有力学性能优良、比强度高、和耐腐蚀性和生物相容性良好等优点，而成为当前骨骼及牙齿等硬组织植入体制造所需的重要金属材料，具有广阔的应用前景。但临床应用发现，钛合金属于生物惰性金属材料，其结构和性质与骨组织差别大，缺乏生物活性，与人体骨骼间仅形成机械嵌合的骨结合，缺乏骨诱导作用、与周围组织无强有力的化学性结合。通过对钛合金表面改性能够解决该问题，目前钛合金表面改性主要包括以下两种方法：1、通过物理或化学气相沉积、溶胶凝胶、电化学沉积等表面改性方法，在医用钛合金表面沉积二氧化钛、CaP、多巴胺等涂层以提高钛合金植入体的活性，促进骨组织的生长。该类方法一定程度上提高了钛合金的生物活性，但钛合金植入体在人体服役过程中必然承载自然骨传递的压应力和腐蚀摩擦作用，但上述涂层与钛合金间物性差异大，造成膜/基结合强度难以显著提升，且人体正常运动时骨骼间交互循环应力也影响涂层的过早失效；2、通过微弧氧化、激光3D打印等加工工艺在医用钛合金表面制造微米尺度多孔结构，促使骨组织向孔内生长，以增强钛合金与人体骨骼的结合能力。该类微米级孔道为骨组织生长提供了通道，但孔道内壁较光滑，对骨植入体周围骨组织的诱导能力有所不足。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种能够容纳骨组织在孔隙内的梯度式攀附生长、骨诱导特性和骨诱导特性好的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金，本发明的另一目的是提供该诱骨医用钛合金的制备方法。
技术方案：本发明所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金，表面具有微米级孔隙，微米级孔隙内部分布有纳米多孔结构，纳米多孔结构内附着有纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒。
其中，微米级孔隙尺寸为10～80μm，医用钛合金为TiNi合金。
本发明所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将纳米羟基磷灰石粉末与医用钛合金粉末利用湿法球磨工艺混合，获得混合均匀的复合材料粉末；
(2)将复合材料粉末采用等离子微波烧结，得到医用钛-钙合金；
(3)利用飞秒激光热源在钛-钙合金表面进行扫略加工，在钛-钙合金表面形成负载羟基磷灰石的微纳多孔结构。
其中，步骤1中混合纳米硅粉与医用钛合金粉末时在在氩气保护气氛下进行，纳米羟基磷灰石粉末与医用钛合金粉末的质量比为1:999～2:98；步骤2中等离子微波烧结温度为600～1100℃；步骤3中飞秒激光功率为0.3～3W，扫略速度为0.5～1.5mm/s，飞秒激光的扫略路径为正交型，能够促使孔隙内壁轮廓呈正态状，促进骨组织在孔隙内的梯度式攀附生长。
工作原理：将诱骨生长的纳米羟基磷灰石粒子加入钛合金粉体中，采用等离子微波烧结成形，获得医用钛-钙合金，增强传统钛合金植入体的生物活性，利用飞秒激光在医用钛-钙合金表面扫略成形微米尺度的孔隙内壁，孔隙内壁为纳米多孔结构，纳米多孔结构上负载有纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒，利用微米孔隙内活性纳米羟基磷灰石粒子诱导作用及高比面积纳米多孔结构较强的机械嵌合能力，能够显著诱导骨组织向孔隙内生长，促使钛合金植入体周围骨组织的快速生长愈合，使钛合金和人体骨骼间形成较强的骨结合，进而能够缩短患者的治愈周期。
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点是：1、依据医用钛-钙合金的物性特性与飞秒激光热源间交互作用特点，在合金表面成形微米尺度孔隙，且孔隙内壁分布的纳米级多孔结构为骨组织的粘附和固定提供纳米级锚点，便于骨组织在孔隙内的梯度式攀附生长；2、医用钛合金表面微米尺度孔隙能够促进钛合金植入体周围组织向孔隙内生长，促进钛合金与骨组织间形成纤维组织膜，使界面稳定结合；3、纳米多孔结构上负载诱导功能的活性纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒能诱导植入体周围组织向孔隙内生长提供了动力学条件，提高了钛合金植入体的骨诱导活性功能；4、活性纳米羟基磷灰石材料的骨诱导特性与微纳多孔结构的骨结合能力结合，实现了医用钛合金植入体的材料-结构-功能一体化制造；5、能够根据不同功能钛合金植入体周围组织生长特性需求，通过飞秒激光工艺调控，实现不同尺寸微纳多孔结构的制造，提升功能结构的制造柔性。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的表面形貌图；
图2是实施例2的纳米多孔形貌图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将0.5g的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末与99.5g的医用镍钛合金粉末在氩气保护气氛下，进行湿法球磨，获得混合均匀的混合粉末；
(2)将混合粉末采用等离子微波工艺在850℃烧结，获得医用钛-钙合金；
(3)利用0.5W、0.5mm/s飞秒激光热源按正交型路径在医用钛-钙合金表面进行扫略加工，在医用钛-钙合金表面形成负载羟基磷灰石的微纳多孔结构。
图1可看出，在医用钛-钙合金表面形成连续约40μm大小的孔隙，且孔隙内壁轮廓呈正态分布特征。
实施例2
(1)将1g的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末与99g的医用镍钛合金粉末在氩气保护气氛下，进行湿法球磨，获得混合均匀的混合粉末；
(2)将混合粉末采用等离子微波工艺在1000℃烧结，获得医用钛-钙合金；；
(3)利用3W、1.5mm/s飞秒激光热源按正交型路径在医用钛-钙合金表面进行扫略加工，在医用钛-钙合金表面形成负载羟基磷灰石的微纳多孔结构。
图2为微米尺度孔隙内壁形貌图，可以发现内壁存在众多交叉型纳米多孔结构，且分布着白色颗粒状纳米羟基磷灰石，进一步说明本发明提供的医用钛合金表面诱骨生长微纳结构的成形方法能实现骨诱导功能钛合金植入体的制造。

Claims (8)

1.一种表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金，其特征在于，所述医用钛合金表面具有微米级孔隙，所述微米级孔隙内部分布有纳米多孔结构，所述纳米多孔结构内附着有纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金，其特征在于，所述微米级孔隙尺寸为10～80μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金，其特征在于，所述医用钛合金为TiNi合金。
4.一种权利要求1所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将纳米羟基磷灰石粉末与医用钛合金粉末利用湿法球磨工艺混合，获得混合均匀的复合材料粉末；
(2)将复合材料粉末采用等离子微波烧结，得到医用钛-钙合金；
(3)利用飞秒激光热源在钛-钙合金表面进行扫略加工，在钛-钙合金表面形成负载羟基磷灰石的微纳多孔结构。
5.根据权利要求4所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中混合纳米硅粉与医用钛合金粉末时在在氩气保护气氛下进行。
6.根据权利要求4所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中纳米羟基磷灰石粉末与医用钛合金粉末的质量比为0.1:99.9～2:98。
7.根据权利要求4所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中等离子微波烧结温度为600～1100℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的表面具有微纳结构的诱骨医用钛合金的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中飞秒激光功率为0.3～3W，扫略速度为0.5～1.5mm/s，飞秒激光的扫略路径为正交型。
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