CN1659749A - 电刷组件 - Google Patents

电刷组件 Download PDF

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CN1659749A
CN1659749A CN03813657.0A CN03813657A CN1659749A CN 1659749 A CN1659749 A CN 1659749A CN 03813657 A CN03813657 A CN 03813657A CN 1659749 A CN1659749 A CN 1659749A
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brush
spring
insertion section
axis
cambered surface
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CN100334783C (zh
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E·M·奥尔特
D·J·史密斯
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Black and Decker Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/385—Means for mechanical fixation of the brush holder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/41—Brush holders cartridge type
    • H01R39/415—Brush holders cartridge type with self-recoiling spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/14—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders
    • H02K5/143—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders for cooperation with commutators
    • H02K5/148—Slidably supported brushes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49119—Brush

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)

Abstract

电刷组件具有一个有将其固定于电机端盖上的元件的基座。电刷外壳与基座相连。电刷外壳包括第一和第二开口端。限定一轴线的电刷可滑动地支承于外壳内。电刷自第一和第二开口端其中之一延伸。电刷包括一个有弹簧保持插入部的表面。该弹簧保持插入部限定一个相对轴线有一角度的弧面。偏压元件直接将力作用于弧面以偏压电刷与整流子接触。整流子与电刷间实现电连接。

Description

电刷组件
发明领域
本发明涉及电机尤其涉及其中的电刷和电刷组件。
发明背景
电机用于包括电动工具等各种用途。这些电机一般包括一个电机轴，一个电机衔铁，一个励磁极，励磁线圈，一个整流子组件，电刷座及引线。引线有选择地使电刷与电源相连。电机衔铁装成防电机轴旋转及一连串的铜导线以不同型式缠绕于圆周的槽中。导线的端部熔合于整流子。整流子装成防电机轴而旋转并在旋转的衔铁与静止的电刷之间提供电连接。电刷座可滑动地支承与整流子处于滑动接触的碳刷。一般，静止的电刷由弹簧张力保持与整流子的外表面接触并在旋转的整流子和电源之间形成电路。
为保持电刷与整流子接触已研制了各种弹簧偏压安装构形。当电刷遭受飞弧时其有效性及磨损寿命将下降。因整流子的粗糙部分及不规则性在电刷下通过而使电刷跳离整流子，其结果一般会发生飞弧。先有技术的电刷包括在其中形成以留置偏压弹簧的一端从而有效地偏压电刷与整流子相接触的凹槽。然而，这些先有技术的凹槽太复杂而且更难以制造。此外，先有技术的凹槽还不能阻止偏压弹簧的横向运动。
因此，在工业上理想的是提供一种具有简单凹槽的改进了的电刷。同时，此类凹槽还应对与整流子接触的电刷提供足够的偏压以免发生飞弧及其它不利的情况。
发明概述
为电机提供一种电刷组件。电刷组件包括一个带有使基座固定于电机的元件的基座。电刷外壳与基座相连并具有第一和第二开口端。限定一轴线的电刷可滑动地被支承于所述外壳内第一和第二开口端之间。电刷自第一和第二开口端其中之一延伸。电刷包括一个具有一弹簧保持插入部的表面。弹簧保持插入部具有一相对于该轴线有一角度的弧面。电刷组件还包括一个使力直接作用于弧面以偏压在外壳内的电刷和整流子接触的偏压元件。一个电接插件与电刷电耦合从而在整流子和电源之间实现电连接。
由下文所作的详述将更使本发明的适用范围显而易见。应当理解，虽然这里指出了本发明的优先实施例，但这些详述和特例仅为了图示的目的并不想限制本发明的范围。
附图简述
由以下详述及所附的附图将会对本发明有更充分的理解，其中
图1是包括按本发明所述电刷组件的电机的透视图；
图2是电刷组件的透视图；
图3是电刷组件的组件分解图；
图4是以局部剖视图表示的相对于整流子的处于非磨损状态下的电刷组件的正视图；
图5是相对于整流子的处于磨损状态下的电刷组件的正视图；
图6是电刷组件的电刷的透视图；和
图7是装有图1所示电机的电动工具的透视图。
优先实施例详述
以下对优选实施例的详述自然仅作为一范例而并不想限制本发明及其应用或使用。
尤其参看图1，提供一电机10并包括一机身12，绕组(未示出)，一整流子14，一电刷组件16及一端盖(end cap)18。电刷组件16与端盖18相连接并包括一基座20，一外壳22，一弹簧24，一电刷26及电引线28。基座20最好由非金属或非导电材料制造并具有一对将电刷组件16固定于端盖18的臂30。此外，基座20还包括一个连接两臂30的腹板32。腹板32上具有一容纳外壳22的凹槽34。外壳22用弯于基座20下的调整片36固定于凹槽34中。
外壳22包括一个有矩形横截面的敞开的管状件40。管状件40具有第一和第二开口端42，44。当电刷组件16被安装到电机10中时，第一开口端42与整流子14相邻。第一和第二切槽46，48位于管状件40的相对侧并自第二开口端44开始延伸。切槽46，48分别能使弹簧24和电引线28随电刷26而动。同样，单一的分流引线和接插件50由外壳22形成。接插件50能使电触点52与外壳22相耦合。接插件50上开有一个与调整片55相互作用使外壳22定位于基座20上的切口54。
弹簧24绕于由基座20上伸出的柱子56。柱子56可偏离基座20的轴线一角度。弹簧24偏压穿过管状件40的电刷26。接插件50已为本技术领域的人们所熟知并包括一引出接插件51。引出接插件51的一端用超声波焊于接插件。
电刷26包括一矩形横截面的分别具有第一和第二端62，64的身部。第一端62有一个上有一排肋条68(见图6)的弧面66。当电刷组件安装到电机10中时肋条68与整流子14滑动接触。第二端64包括一弹簧保持插入部(retention plunge)70。弹簧保持插入部70通常为一锥形凹部，有一个形成壁面74的倾斜的弧面72。还提供一凹槽76，并在其上包括一个使分流接插件50与电刷26相互连接的表面。
弹簧保持插入部70的弧面72的斜度S(见图4)最好大于0和小于或等于15度。然而，人们将了解当设计有要求时可以偏离此范围。形成弹簧保持插入部70是为了保持弹簧24的接触端73。禁止接触端73沿电刷26的侧向轴线A(见图6)运动。同样，接触端73已限制了沿电刷26的横向轴线B(见图4)的运动。更尤其，壁面74禁止接触端73在横向沿横向轴线B作过大的运动。弹簧保持插入部70的斜度能使弹簧24的接触端73跨于弹簧保持插入部70内以使其与电刷26保持不断接触。通常，接触端73跨于弧面的底部。由于有斜度，这种不断的接触就能在电刷26磨损期间提供基本上不变的力。这不变的力排除了电刷26的跳动并因此增加了电刷的磨损寿命和防止损坏整流子14。
电刷26的弹簧保持插入部70提供了另一优点即它比先有技术的形式更易于制造。更尤其，只要一步工序即可形成该插入部70，由此，将一磨盘或圆形铣刀以相对于电刷26顶面一角度伸入电刷26。可以改变磨盘直径，倾角和切割深度以提供最佳插入部70。为使弹簧24具有活动量且仍偏压该电刷26，该插入部70的宽度和斜度使其最佳化，是需要考虑的事项。如此，电刷26的制造是可变的简化的，而且能节约生产周期和加工成本。
再参看图7，图示了诸如电钻之类典型的电动工具80。电动工具80包括一个电机10装于其中的外壳82，和一个由电机10驱动啮合的输出件84。还包括一个如电源线或电源的电池以分别给电机10提供远距离或就地驱动电源。
本发明的上述说明自然仅是示例性的，因此不背离本发明要旨的种种变化要处在本发明的范围内作些改变不被认为是背离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (11)

1.一个具有一端盖和一整流子的电机用电刷组件，包括
一个具有将所述基座固定于电机端盖上的元件的基座；
一个与所述基座相连接并具有第一和第二开口端的电刷外壳；
一个限定一轴线的可滑动地支承于所述第一和第二开口端间的所述外壳内的电刷，所述电刷自所述的第一和第二开口端其中之一延伸，所述电刷包括一个具有弹簧保持插入部的一个面，所述的弹簧保持插入部限定一个相对所述轴线有大于零度高达15度的角度的弧面。
一个具有一接触端以直接将力作用于所述弧面从而偏压所述外壳内的所述电刷使其与整流子接触的偏压元件，所述的接触端限定了一横向于所述弧面的方向以使所述接触端沿所述方向紧靠所述弧面从而阻止接触沿横向于所述电刷轴线的轴线作过大移动；和
一个为在整流子与电源之间实现电连接而与所述电刷电耦合的电接插件。
2.按权利要求1所述的电刷组件，其特征在于，所述的电刷还包括一个在所述表面形成的以使所述的偏压元件与所述的弹簧留量插入部保持接触的壁面。
3.按权利要求1所述的电刷组件，其特征在于，所述的弹簧保持插入部的斜度能使所述弹簧横向保持。
4.电机用的电刷，包括：
一个具有装于外壳内的理想构形的刷体，所述的刷体限定一轴线；和
一个在所述刷体的一个表面形成的弹簧保持插入部，所述的插入部限定一个相对横向于所述轴线的一平面有一角度的弧面，所述的表面位于所述刷体的一端，其中，所述弧面的斜度是大于零度及高至15度，所述的弧面具有一可容纳弹簧以使弹簧沿一方向接触弧面防止弹簧在弧面上作过大的移动，从而当所述的刷体磨损时作用其上的弹簧力基本上是不变的曲率。
5.按权利要求4所述的电刷，其特征在于，所述的插入部还在所述表面形成一个使偏压元件与所述的弹簧保持插入部保持接触的壁面。
6.按权利要求4所述的电刷，其特征在于，所述保持插入部的所述斜度能横向留置偏压元件。
7.一种制造电机用电刷的方法，包括下列步骤：
提供一个限定穿过其中的一条轴线并具有一顶面的电刷坯件；和
在所述顶面形成一个相对所述轴线有一斜度的弧形弹簧保持插入部。
8.按权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的形成弧形保持插入部的步骤包括将磨盘和切削轮其中之一伸入所述顶面的步骤。
9.按权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括使磨盘和切削轮其中之一相对所述轴线形成一角度的步骤。
10.按权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括提供一垂直于所述轴线，能横向留置偏压元件的所述弧形弹簧保持插入部的直径的步骤。
11.按照权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括提供一个能足以使偏压元件横向留置的所述弹簧保持插入部斜度的度数。
CNB038136570A 2002-06-13 2003-06-11 电刷组件 Expired - Fee Related CN100334783C (zh)

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US10/171,180 US6664701B1 (en) 2002-06-13 2002-06-13 Brush assembly
US10/171,180 2002-06-13

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EP (1) EP1522127B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2005530466A (zh)
CN (1) CN100334783C (zh)
AT (1) ATE405012T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003237542A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE60322904D1 (zh)
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CN102138274A (zh) * 2008-08-29 2011-07-27 罗伯特·博世有限公司 具有电刷电动机的手持式工具机
CN101919142B (zh) * 2007-12-11 2013-04-10 霍夫曼电刷碳精股份公司 电机的电刷组及其弹簧和密封布置以及其制造方法
CN103368031A (zh) * 2012-04-11 2013-10-23 隆环企业有限公司 碳刷座
CN113169636A (zh) * 2018-11-22 2021-07-23 松下知识产权经营株式会社 电动机和电刷收容部

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US6664701B1 (en) 2003-12-16
US7059038B2 (en) 2006-06-13
US20040004409A1 (en) 2004-01-08
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EP1522127A1 (en) 2005-04-13
CN100334783C (zh) 2007-08-29
DE60322904D1 (de) 2008-09-25
TW200405641A (en) 2004-04-01
US20050253477A1 (en) 2005-11-17
ATE405012T1 (de) 2008-08-15
JP2005530466A (ja) 2005-10-06

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