CN1641207A - 燃料喷嘴 - Google Patents

燃料喷嘴 Download PDF

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CN1641207A
CN1641207A CNA2005100059114A CN200510005911A CN1641207A CN 1641207 A CN1641207 A CN 1641207A CN A2005100059114 A CNA2005100059114 A CN A2005100059114A CN 200510005911 A CN200510005911 A CN 200510005911A CN 1641207 A CN1641207 A CN 1641207A
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nozzle
pressure
needle
fuel
fuel nozzle
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CN1641207B (zh
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S·哈斯
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MAN B&W Diesel GmbH
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MAN B&W Diesel GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/161Means for adjusting injection-valve lift
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08Injectors peculiar thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/06Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

为了得到一种可用于各种喷射系统中的简单且节省空间的结构,燃料喷嘴具有喷嘴阀针,该阀针可在弹簧的作用下被保持在关闭位置,并通过所注射燃料的压力而打开,燃料喷嘴具有控制活塞,可通过压力流体来对该活塞施加压力或释放压力,从而使其运动到两个不同的轴向位置中的其中一个位置上,该活塞可以限制喷嘴阀针的开启行程,以便打开一排或多排喷嘴孔。

Description

燃料喷嘴
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料喷嘴,其具有其中设有喷嘴阀针的外壳,其中可通过在弹簧的作用下将阀针压在阀座上来将阀针保持在关闭位置,并且可通过注射燃料的压力来将阀针打开。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供这样一种燃料喷嘴,其具有简单且节省空间的结构,可移动到满负荷和部分负荷的两个不同的工作位置中,并且其用途并不局限于特殊的喷射系统。
根据本发明,这一目的通过提供一种控制活塞来实现,可通过压力流体来对该活塞施加压力或释放压力,从而使其运动到两个不同轴向位置中的其中一个位置上,该活塞可以限制喷嘴阀针的开启行程,以便打开一排或多排喷嘴孔。
这便形成了可容纳在标准燃料喷嘴的外形轮廓内的简单结构。
优选在部分负荷位置中对控制活塞的背离喷嘴阀针的那个端面进行增压,这便限制了喷嘴阀针的开启行程以便打开一排喷嘴孔,并且在另一满负荷位置中对其进行减压,这便打开了一排设于另一排之上的所有排的喷嘴孔。
根据本发明的另一优选改进,在部分负荷位置中,控制活塞以其朝向喷嘴阀针的端面压靠在固定于外壳上的止动件上。在满负荷位置中,控制活塞优选以其背离喷嘴阀针的端面压靠在固定于外壳上的另一止动件上。这便形成了精确限定的用于两个负载范围的工作位置。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点体现于其它的从属权项和参照附图对两个示范性实施例所作的描述中,其中每幅图均以垂直截面的形式示出:
图1显示了以燃料作为压力流体的燃料喷嘴,
图2显示了以润滑油作为压力流体的燃料喷嘴。
具体实施方式
根据图1的喷嘴具有由三个部分1、2、3所组成的外壳。具有增大直径部分5的喷嘴阀针4可在外壳1中以轴向可动的方式被引导。部分5伸入到压力空间6中,待注入的燃料经由管道7输送到该压力空间中。阀针4的下端在弹簧8的作用下压靠在阀座9上。在阀针4的该端部上设有控制销10,其穿过连接空间11。第一排喷嘴孔12通到连接空间11中。控制销10的下端以密封的方式伸入到另一连接空间13中,至少另一排喷嘴孔14通到该连接空间13中。
在图1所示的非工作位置中,具有两段式设计的喷嘴阀针4的上端面15位于距控制活塞17的下端面16为距离h1的位置处,控制活塞17可在外壳部分2中沿轴向被引导。在这种情况下,控制活塞17以其下端面16的边缘压靠在环形止动件18上,该止动件18固定在外壳上。控制活塞17穿过环形腔19,该环形腔19通过管道20与燃料引导管道7相连。控制活塞17中的管道21从腔19中通到处于控制活塞17的上端面23之上的压力空间22内。压力空间22在横向上受到外壳部分2的限制,在其顶部处受到板状止动件24的限制。止动件24具有可被闭合件所关闭的孔25。闭合件具有闭合球26,其可通过调节杆27而保持在关闭位置。调节杆27可作为发动机负载状态的函数来进行调节,使得在非工作位置和部分负荷位置中闭合球26保持在关闭位置,而在满负荷位置中闭合球打开,从而使燃料能通过管道28流出。然而也可以使用以不同方式构造的闭合件,其可作为发动机功率的函数来打开和关闭。
如果在闭合件26,27是关闭的部分负荷范围的调整期间燃料在压力下被引导通过管道7,那么压力会经由管道20,21而同样在压力空间22中积聚起来,并将控制活塞17压在止动件18上。同时,喷嘴阀针4从阀座9上抬起,直到其端面15压靠在端面16上时为止。一方面通过使可将喷嘴阀针4转换到开启运动中的表面具有适当的尺寸,另一方面通过使端面23具有适当的尺寸,控制活塞17就可因压力空间22中的压力而保持压靠在止动件18上。因此,喷嘴阀针4只能移动距离h1,使得燃料通过收集空间11而从喷嘴孔12中喷出。
当将调节杆27转换到满负荷工作位置时,它便打开了闭合球26。如果此时燃料穿过管道20,21而进入到压力空间22中,那么它将经由管道28流出。因此,控制阀17可以额外地移动距离h2,直到其压靠在止动件24上时为止。喷嘴阀针4随之运动。在这一过程中,控制销10离开收集空间13。这样,燃料也会传递到喷嘴孔14中。
图2所示装置在原理上以与图1所示装置相同的方式来构造。这里,仅有的区别是腔19与管道30相连,润滑油通过泵31而在压力下输送到管道30中。这些润滑油然后经由管道21而进入到压力空间22中。其它工作情况与图1所示装置中的相一致。也可以从单独的液体回路中为压力空间22提供压力流体。

Claims (11)

1.一种燃料喷嘴,具有其中设有喷嘴阀针的外壳,其中通过在弹簧的作用下将所述阀针压在阀座上来将所述阀针保持在关闭位置,并且可通过注射燃料的压力来打开所述阀针,其特征在于,所述燃料喷嘴具有控制活塞(17),可通过压力流体来对所述活塞施加压力或释放压力,从而使其运动到两个不同的轴向位置中的其中一个位置上,所述活塞可以限制所述喷嘴阀针(4)的开启行程,以便打开一排或多排喷嘴孔(12,14)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,在部分负荷位置中对所述控制活塞(17)的背离所述喷嘴阀针(4)的那个端面(23)进行增压,这便限制了所述喷嘴阀针开启行程以便打开一排所述喷嘴孔(12),并且在满负荷位置中对所述端面(23)进行减压,这便打开了一排设于另一排之上的所有排的喷嘴孔(12,14)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,在部分负荷位置中,所述控制活塞(17)以其朝向所述喷嘴阀针(4)的端面(16)压靠在固定于所述外壳上的止动件(18)上。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,在满负荷位置中,所述控制活塞(17)以其背离所述喷嘴阀针(4)的端面(23)压靠在固定于所述外壳上的止动件(24)上。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,在所述控制活塞(17)之上设有可填充压力流体的压力空间(22),在所述满负荷位置中可通过按照发动机功率的函数来控制的闭合件(26,27)而使所述压力空间减压。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,所述控制活塞(17)具有从用于压力流体的横向环形腔(19)通到所述压力空间(22)中的管道(21)。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,所述闭合件(26,27)具有调节杆(27),其可按照发动机功率的函数来被促动,并在部分负荷范围内将闭合球(26)保持在关闭位置。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,采用燃料作为所述压力流体。
9.根据权利要求1到6中任一项所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,采用润滑油作为所述压力流体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,在润滑油的流入路径(30)中设有可增大压力的泵(31)。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷嘴,其特征在于,在所述喷嘴阀针(4)的阀座(9)的下游设有通向第一排喷嘴孔(12)的收集空间(11),所述喷嘴阀针(4)具有穿过所述收集空间(11)的控制销(10),在处于非工作位置和部分负荷位置中时,所述控制销(10)以密封的方式伸入到用于其余喷嘴孔(14)的另一收集空间(13)中,并且在处于所述满负荷位置中时开启到所述另一收集空间(13)中的流入。
CN2005100059114A 2004-01-16 2005-01-14 燃料喷嘴 Expired - Fee Related CN1641207B (zh)

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DE102004002286A DE102004002286A1 (de) 2004-01-16 2004-01-16 Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse
DE102004002286.0 2004-01-16

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US (1) US20050230501A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1555429B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2005201274A (zh)
KR (1) KR20050075719A (zh)
CN (1) CN1641207B (zh)
DE (2) DE102004002286A1 (zh)

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CN109869252A (zh) * 2019-03-15 2019-06-11 江苏大学 一种高压共轨柴油机的高频响应喷油器

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CN103615344A (zh) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 哈尔滨工程大学 柴油机相继喷油喷油器
CN109869252A (zh) * 2019-03-15 2019-06-11 江苏大学 一种高压共轨柴油机的高频响应喷油器

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KR20050075719A (ko) 2005-07-21
DE502005007871D1 (de) 2009-09-24
DE102004002286A1 (de) 2005-08-11
US20050230501A1 (en) 2005-10-20
CN1641207B (zh) 2010-06-23
JP2005201274A (ja) 2005-07-28
EP1555429B1 (de) 2009-08-12
EP1555429A1 (de) 2005-07-20

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