CN1628057A - 环保塑料容器 - Google Patents

环保塑料容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1628057A
CN1628057A CNA028291980A CN02829198A CN1628057A CN 1628057 A CN1628057 A CN 1628057A CN A028291980 A CNA028291980 A CN A028291980A CN 02829198 A CN02829198 A CN 02829198A CN 1628057 A CN1628057 A CN 1628057A
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China
Prior art keywords
container
plastic container
friendly plastic
coating
environmentally
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Pending
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CNA028291980A
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English (en)
Inventor
铃木正人
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Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd
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Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd
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Publication of CN1628057A publication Critical patent/CN1628057A/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
    • C23C16/045—Coating cavities or hollow spaces, e.g. interior of tubes; Infiltration of porous substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
    • B65D1/0215—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features multilayered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
    • B65D65/466—Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2949/076—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/28—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at bottom portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3024—Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3032—Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C49/42828—Coating or painting the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
    • B29K2067/046—PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0059—Degradable
    • B29K2995/006—Bio-degradable, e.g. bioabsorbable, bioresorbable or bioerodible
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种环保塑料容器可以轻易进行废弃处理。此环保塑料容器，是将中空状的预备成形体利用吹塑成形而得的容器，此容器的本体是由一生物分解性塑料所形成。

Description

环保塑料容器
技术领域
本发明关于一种环保塑料(plastic)容器，以在稳定的保持内容物品质之际，可以借由简便的处理而避免使用过的容器对自然环境造成不良的影响。
背景技术
塑料制的容器的重量轻于玻璃或金属制的容器，且由于其具有成形容易以及低成本等理由，因而，近年来，是被广泛地使用于食品、饮料、药剂或清洗剂等的包装、填充用容器等各种领域中。
然而，在塑料中，当其废弃之际，会发生二惡英(dioxin)等有害气体，且由于因发热量高而导致燃烧炉的炉壁受损伤等问题，因而难以进行燃烧处理。而且，其再利用化仅可适用于部分衣服等的纤维或建材等的结构构件，而无法将其用途范围再加以扩大。
再者，由于塑料中也存在有具可透过氧气等气体或吸收香气成分等特性的材料，因此难以稳定的保持内容物品质，也存在有寻求此项改善的容器。
发明内容
本发明要解决技术问题是提供一种新的塑料容器，以在稳定的保持内容物品质之际，可以借由简便的处理而避免使用过的容器对自然环境造成不良的影响。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：本发明环保塑料容器，是为将中空状的预备成形体利用吹塑成形而得的容器，此容器的本体是由生物分解性塑料所形成。
在上述容器中，在容器的本体的至少一内表面上具有一涂层，此涂层是用以防止透过气体的透过或水分的渗过。
在上述容器中，涂层是为选自于类金刚石碳、SiO2、SiC、或SiN等所构成的蒸着膜。
在上述容器中，生物分解性塑料是选自于微生物类、化学合成类、聚乳酸·化学合成类或天然高分子类等高分子族群。
为让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征、和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1所示的是本发明的塑料容器的外观的示意图。
图2所示的是塑坯预塑的外观的示意图。
符号说明
1                                   容器本体
2                                   开口部
3                                   涂层
具体实施方式
图1所示是本发明的瓶(bottle)型塑料容器的结构的示意图。
在图式中，标号1是表示由生物分解性塑料所构成的容器本体，标号2是表示容器的开口部，标号3是表示形成于容器本体1的内表面上的涂层(coating layer)的一实例。
在制作具有上述结构的容器時，如图2所示，先形成中空状的预备成形体，即所谓的塑坯预塑(preform)，再利用压出成形法或射出成形(injection)法进行成形。然后，利用直接吹塑(direct blow)、二轴延伸吹塑等吹塑成形法完成具有所期望的外观形状的容器。另外，可对应使用目的，利用蒸着技术等通常的方法沿着容器的内面形成用以防止气体的透过或水分的渗透的涂层。
由于塑料具有可容许氧气或二氧化碳等低分子气体透过的性质，且透过容器的本体部分的氧气等会对内容物品质产生影响，因此，借由设置涂层3，以改善容器的阻挡性，进而稳定的保持内容物品质。
对生物分解性塑料而言，例如是属于微生物类的Polyhydroxybutyrate-Valerate(PHB/V)或麦芽三糖(maltotriose)等的高分子，或者是属于化学合成类的聚琥珀酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚琥珀酸丁二醇己二酸酯(PBSA)、聚琥珀酸丁二醇碳酸酯、聚己内酯(polycaprolactone，PCL)类、乙酸纤维(PH)类、芳香族·脂肪族共聚酯、PET改质型等高分子，或者是属于聚乳酸·化学合成类的聚乳酸(PLA)、乳酸类聚酯(CPLA)等高分子，甚至是属于天然高分子类的淀粉+改质PVA+脂肪族聚酯、玉米淀粉等高分子。
由于生物分解性的塑料可借由与氧气或臭氧反应、光化学反应、加水分解或利用微生物进行分解等型态进行分解，而不需施加燃烧等人为的分解(崩解)方法。此时，类金刚石碳(diamond like carbon，DLC)或二氧化硅等的薄膜，可因塑料的崩解而回归自然界。
对用以改善阻挡性的涂层而言，在本发明中，虽以使用DLC或二氧化硅等的薄膜为例进行说明，然而并不以此为限，只要是不会对塑料的分解造成妨碍的物质即可。
设置涂层，可以抑制乙醛(acetaldehyde)的溶出量，而改善内容物的保香性，特别是使用DLC系具有将容器本身变成不透明，进而具有提高遮光性的优点。
对适合本发明的其它涂层而言，例如是具有SiC、SiN等时，其膜厚较佳的是为0.01μm～0.2μm左右。再者，如图1所示，涂层虽以形成于内表面上为例进行说明，然而本发明并不以此为限，也可以形成在外表面上。
关于生物分解性塑料的分解性的调查结果如表1所示。其中，在表中，◎表示较佳，○表示佳，△表示适中。
表1
Figure A0282919800061
再者，关于内容量为500ml的PLA(聚乳酸)制的瓶，对在其内面上形成各种厚度的DLC的蒸着膜的情形以及在其外面上形成SiOx的蒸着膜的情形进行关于氧气阻挡性的改善效果的调查，其调查结果，以由PLA单体所构成的瓶为基准，对其数值进行比较，结果如表2所示。对膜厚而言，是利用原子力显微镜(AFM)(TOPOMETRIX explorer 2100型扫描式程序显微镜)对容器本体1的一点进行测量。
表2
  编号  氧气透过量(cc/day/bottle)   改善率   备注
  1     0.45   1   PLA单体
  2     0.266   ×1.7   DLC膜厚150A(0.015μm)
  3     0.220   ×2.0   DLC膜厚230A(0.023μm)
  4     0.192   ×2.3   DLC膜厚470A(0.047μm)
  5     0.370   ×1.2   SiOx膜厚400A(0.040μm)
在表2中对形成有DLC蒸着膜或SiOx蒸着膜的物质而言，其氧气透过量远小于由PLA单体所构成的瓶。
产业上利用的可能性
本发明的物质可稳定的保持内容物的品质，且于容器废弃之际，不需施加任何人为的动作而可自然的分解，进而对环境的保全上是极为有用的。

Claims (4)

1.一种环保塑料容器，是将中空状的一预备成形体利用吹塑成形而得的一容器，其特征包括：
该容器的本体是由一生物分解性塑料所形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保塑料容器，其中在该容器的本体的至少一内表面上具有一涂层，该涂层是用以防止气体的透过或水分的渗透。
3.根据权利要求2所述的环保塑料容器，其中该涂层是选自于类金刚石碳、SiO2、SiC、或SiN等所构成的蒸着膜。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的环保塑料容器，其中该生物分解性塑料是选自于微生物类、化学合成类、聚乳酸·化学合成类或天然高分子类等高分子族群。
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