CN1583396A - 带混合搅拌盘螺旋式挤出机 - Google Patents

带混合搅拌盘螺旋式挤出机 Download PDF

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CN1583396A
CN1583396A CNA2004100570020A CN200410057002A CN1583396A CN 1583396 A CN1583396 A CN 1583396A CN A2004100570020 A CNA2004100570020 A CN A2004100570020A CN 200410057002 A CN200410057002 A CN 200410057002A CN 1583396 A CN1583396 A CN 1583396A
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agitator disk
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R·赫脱
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/57—Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B29B7/489—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/251—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments
    • B29C48/2517—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments of intermeshing screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/54—Screws with additional forward-feeding elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)

Abstract

一种螺旋式挤出机，包括至少两个壳体内孔(6，6′)和孔中的螺杆轴，螺杆轴上装有若干成对接合的顺序的混合搅拌盘(13，13′至17，17′)。顺序的混合搅拌盘(13至17和13′至17′)形成不是360°的整因子的齿顶错开角(c，d，e，f；c′，d′，e′，f′)。

Description

带混合搅拌盘螺旋式挤出机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种螺旋式挤出机，它包括至少两个并列且相交的壳体内孔；位于孔中的可转动驱动的螺杆轴；以及多个顺序/依次排列在螺杆轴上并成对地互相接合的具有至少一个齿顶和至少一个齿侧的混合搅拌盘。
背景技术
包括这种类型的混合搅拌盘的这种螺旋式挤出机是公知的，例如参见EP 0 875 356 B1(与US 6 048 088对应)、EP 0 160 124(与US 4 824 256对应)和EP 1 121 238 B1(与US 09/806 605对应)。在这些公知的螺旋式挤出机中，多个混合搅拌盘顺序排列在一螺杆轴上共同构成一搅拌组件。这些搅拌组件设计成：相邻搅拌盘形成的齿顶错开角为360°的整(除)因子。一搅拌组件的第一个和最后一个混合搅拌盘通常叠合。具有顺序五个混合搅拌盘且两列设计的搅拌组件可例如包括齿顶错开角为45°的顺序的混合搅拌盘。
在转动一圈期间动力矩将随着螺杆轴和进而混合搅拌盘转动时一对混合搅拌盘的混合搅拌盘的接合位置的改变而改变并作用在各螺杆轴上。在混合搅拌盘的上述公知设计和布置中，仍由于在上述对称搅拌盘组件中多次同时发生混合搅拌盘位置的叠合而导致转矩动量增加-又短又强的动力矩增加。因此，共振/谐振时整个传动系内产生相当大的振动应力。传动系包括驱动电动机、联轴器和变速器的所有转动部件，以及其上有混合搅拌盘的螺杆轴，可能还包括螺纹件。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是改进该螺旋式挤出机，使得振动问题至少得到减轻。
按照本发明，该目的通过下述特征而实现：紧邻的混合搅拌盘形成一齿顶错开角，各齿顶错开角的整数倍不等于360°。
由于本发明的设计，即使顺序排列大量混合搅拌盘也不会同时发生可能在传动系的共振点附近造成不能容许的大振幅的转矩动量。
由于顺序的混合搅拌盘不发生叠合，因此这是一种获得本发明的效果的更好方法。
附图说明
从以下结合附图对一例示性实施例的说明中可清楚看出本发明的其他特征、细节和优点。
图1为一螺旋式挤出机的局部剖开的概略俯视图；
图2为一包括五个混合搅拌盘的搅拌组件的侧视图；
图3为图2中箭头III方向上的该搅拌组件的视图；
图4为图2中箭头IV方向上的该搅拌组件的另一视图；以及
图5为沿图1中V-V线的该螺旋式挤出机的横剖视图。
具体实施方式
附图中所示的双螺杆/旋挤出机1由一电动机2经一联轴器3和一其后的变速器4驱动。该螺旋式挤出机1的壳体5包括两个具有平行轴线7，7’的以一水平数字“8”的形式相交的壳体内孔6，6’。孔6，6’中设置有其轴线与轴线7，7’重合的螺杆轴8，8’。变速器4在相同转动方向9，9’上驱动螺杆轴8，8’。
壳体5靠近变速器4的一端上具有一进料斗10，通过该进料斗来供应待处理的原料。其后，在螺杆轴8，8’上装设有螺纹11，11’，从而构成一供料区12。
其后，混合搅拌盘13，13’，14，14’，15，15’，16，16’和17，17’不可转动地装在螺杆轴8，8’上；它们在所示例示性实施例中整体地表示为搅拌组件18，18’。在这些搅拌组件18，18’附近形成一混合搅拌区19，其后是一也包括不可转动地装在螺杆轴8，8’上的螺纹21，21’的传输和增压区20。在这些螺纹21，21’之后，在螺杆轴8，8’上形成螺杆顶部22，22’，然后沿传输方向23即在与进料斗10相对的一端上有一终止该壳体5的喷模24。成对布置的螺纹11、11’以及混合搅拌盘13，13’至17，17’和螺纹21，21’均表现为互相接合，即它们紧密啮合。电动机2、联轴器3和变速器4的转动部件以及螺杆轴8，8’、螺纹11，11’和混合搅拌盘13，13’至17，17’一起构成传动系。
如图所示，螺纹11、11’和21，21’以及混合搅拌盘13，13’至17，17’均为两列。混合搅拌盘13，13’至17，17’因此具有齿顶25，25’和26，26’及齿侧27，27’和28，28’，该齿顶和齿侧在转动方向9，9’上转动时以一种本身公知的方式互相经过。转动时齿顶25，25’和26，26’与壳体内孔6，6’的壁30，30’之间有游隙，即留出一微小间隙29，29’。一混合搅拌盘13至17的齿顶25、26以一定微小间隙转过与该对混合搅拌盘相应的另一混合搅拌盘13’至17’的齿侧27’、28’，反之亦然。EP 0 875 356 B1(与US 6048 088对应)所公开的两列混合搅拌盘或EP 1 121 238 B1(与US系列号09/806 605对应)所公开的一列混合搅拌盘或EP 0 160 124 A2(与US 4 824256对应)所公开的三列或四列混合搅拌盘的情况都是如此。
顺序的混合搅拌盘13，13’至17，17’与轴线7和7’横交的横截面都相同。在两列设计中，每个单独的混合搅拌盘为双镜面对称。该盘具有一齿顶圆心角(crest angle)a或a’和一齿侧圆心角(flank angle)b或b’，在两列设计的情况下，采用a+b＝a’+b’＝180°及a＝a’和b＝b’。
中央平面31，31’，32，32’，33，33’，34，34’和35，35’从中央与齿顶25，26和25’，26’和各轴线7，7’相交，在传输方向23上紧邻的混合搅拌盘的两中央平面之间形成一齿顶错开角。因此，盘13，14的中央平面31，32形成一角c，而盘13’，14’的中央平面31’，32’形成一角c’。盘14，15的中央平面32，33形成一角d，而盘14’，15’的中央平面32’，33’形成一角d’。盘15，16的中央平面33，34形成一角e，而盘15’，16’的中央平面33’，34’形成一角e’。最后，盘16，17的中央平面34，35形成一角f，而盘16’，17’的中央平面34’，35’形成一角f’。每对混合搅拌盘13和13’或14和14’等的齿顶错开角相同，即适用e＝c’，d＝d’，e＝e’和f＝f’。另一方面，c，d，e，f和c’，d’，e’，f’不必分别相同。而且，各齿顶错开角c，c’，d，d’，e，e’，f，f’的整数倍必须不等于360°。换句话说，两个在传输方向23上相邻的混合搅拌盘之间的齿顶错开角不能为360°的整因子。因此，即使具有多个顺序的成对混合搅拌盘13，13’至17，17’，也不会有两对混合搅拌盘的接合位置相同。
要进一步指出的是，每对混合搅拌盘13，13’-17，17’作用在螺杆轴8，8’上的动力矩在转动一整圈过程中并非保持不变。因此，特别当顺序布置有多对混合搅拌盘时，任何要处理的材料即熔料、粉末等只能在传输方向23上挤出。各螺杆轴8和8’转动时的动力矩随成对混合搅拌盘的混合搅拌盘转动整圈过程中的自由横截面的改变而改变。最大动力矩出现在两齿顶25，25’和26，26’位于相应的近似三角区36和36‘附近之时。这些近似三角区36，36’为形成在壳体5中的壳体内孔6与6’彼此相交部位的尖角区。在该位置上，壳体内孔6，6’的自由横截面特别小。按照现有技术，混合搅拌盘之间的齿顶错开角为360°的整因子，和在两列混合搅拌盘的情况下为180°的整因子，特别在两列混合搅拌盘的各齿顶错开角等于45°时，则螺杆轴8，8’转动时，这些转矩波动在螺杆轴8，8’各自转动时出现的频率决定于螺杆轴8，8’的转速。在混合搅拌盘齿顶错开角为360°的整因子的现有技术下，当传动系的共振频率对应于上述动力矩波动频率时，这些转矩振幅在共振点处将增大到不能容许的程度。(本发明的)特定措施在很大程度上排除了这一问题。
如图5所示，螺杆轴8，8’具有与混合搅拌盘13，13’-17，17’的内齿37接合的外齿，从而在混合搅拌盘与螺杆轴8，8’之间生成非转动连接。螺纹11，11’和21，21’也是如此。齿37的节距角(pitch angle)g为360°的整因子。当圆周上有二十四个齿38时g＝15°；圆周上有三十六个齿38时g＝10°；圆周上有十二个齿38时g＝30°，等等。当顺序布置多个混合搅拌盘13，13’-17，17’时，齿顶错开角之和c+d+e+f有利地等于g的整数倍。在这种情况下，不必错开或另加特定转换元件就可进一步连接相似的搅拌组件或螺纹。

Claims (7)

1、一种螺旋式挤出机，包括：
-至少两个并列、相交的壳体内孔(6，6’)；
-位于该壳体内孔(6，6’)中的可转动驱动的螺杆轴(8，8’)；以及
-多个顺序排列在螺杆轴(8，8’)上并成对地互相接合的混合搅拌盘(13，13’至17，17’)，其具有：
-至少一个齿顶(25，25’，26，26’)和
-至少一个齿侧(27，27’，28，28’)；
其中，紧邻的混合搅拌盘(13至17和13’至17’)形成一齿顶错开角(c，d，e，f；c’，d’，e’，f’)，各齿顶错开角(c，d，e，f；c’，d’，e’，f’)的整数倍不等于360°。
2、按权利要求1所述的螺旋式挤出机，其特征在于，顺序的混合搅拌盘(13至17和13’至17’)都不叠合。
3、按权利要求1所述的螺旋式挤出机，其特征在于，有n列所述混合搅拌盘，其中n＝1、2、3或4。
4、按权利要求3所述的螺旋式挤出机，其特征在于，有两列所述混合搅拌盘(13，13’至17，17’)。
5、按权利要求1所述的螺旋式挤出机，其特征在于，所述螺杆轴(8，8’)可在相同方向上驱动。
6、按权利要求1所述的螺旋式挤出机，其特征在于，多个混合搅拌盘(13至17和13’至17’)构成一搅拌组件(18和18’)。
7、按权利要求6所述的螺旋式挤出机，其特征在于，可用齿(37)连接搅拌组件(18，18’)与螺杆轴(8，8’)，该齿(37)包括等角间距设置的齿(38)，相邻齿(38)之间形成一节距角(g)；一搅拌组件(18和18’)的多个混合搅拌盘(13至17和13’至17’)的齿顶错开角之和(c+d+e+f和c’+d’+e’+f’)为该节距角(g)的整数倍。
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