CN109843541A - 双螺杆挤出机的螺杆前室中的混合装置 - Google Patents

双螺杆挤出机的螺杆前室中的混合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109843541A
CN109843541A CN201780064208.1A CN201780064208A CN109843541A CN 109843541 A CN109843541 A CN 109843541A CN 201780064208 A CN201780064208 A CN 201780064208A CN 109843541 A CN109843541 A CN 109843541A
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screw
screw rod
mixing
melt
mixing arrangement
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CN109843541B (zh
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迪特马尔·格鲁伯
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/272—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • B01F27/2721—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces provided with intermeshing elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
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    • B01F27/1143—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections screw-shaped, e.g. worms
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于双螺杆挤出机的混合装置，具体涉及一种在相反方向(1)旋转的双螺杆挤出机，其包括第一螺杆(3)和第二螺杆(4)，用于混合在螺杆前室(8、10)中的熔体流，其中第一螺杆(3)具有混合螺杆末端(6)形式的延伸部，其中混合螺杆末端(6)以固定方式连接到第一螺杆(3)，并且其中第一螺杆(3)进给入的第一熔体通道(23)布置成经由细长的狭槽(20)与第二个螺杆(4)进给入的第二熔体通道(24)流动连接。

Description

双螺杆挤出机的螺杆前室中的混合装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双螺杆挤出机、具体是反向旋转双螺杆挤出机的螺杆前室中的混合装置，用于借助于混合螺杆末端混合熔体流。
背景技术
双螺杆挤出机设计有同向旋转螺杆以及反向旋转螺杆。螺杆的外轮廓在输送方向上呈圆筒形或锥形地渐缩。螺杆并排布置，一个螺杆的螺杆螺纹或多或少地深入到另一个螺杆的螺纹中。周围的筒体具有用于每个螺杆的圆柱形或锥形纵向孔，这些孔在楔形区域中相交。在操作中，从每个螺杆中喷射熔体流，两个熔体流在螺杆前室中汇合成总熔体流，其通常具有圆形横截面。关于该横截面，熔体的性质不均匀或不完全相同，具体是可以呈现温差。温度具有反映熔体历史的特征曲线。等温线的路线非常清楚地表明熔体已由两个相邻的螺杆加工。反向旋转螺杆的温度范围明显大于同向旋转螺杆的温度范围。
反向旋转、紧密啮合的双螺杆挤出机(简称DSE)经常用于挤出硬质PVC。原料通常根据若干组分(PVC、稳定剂、润滑剂、碳酸钙、氧化钛等)的具体配方由加工机以粉末状态在加热-冷却混合器中混合，并且作为干掺合物(干混合物)供给到挤出机。尤其对于呈干掺合物形式的热敏感PVC的处理，反向旋转的双螺杆挤出机与同向旋转的双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机相比具有一些显著优点：强制输送、自清洁、低剪切速率和良好的压力增大(Druckaufbau)。
最重要的是，这些优点弥补了明显的缺点、即离开螺杆后熔体的明显不均匀的温度分布。其主要原因是与熔体温度相比，挤出机排出区域中C形室中的熔体在边界表面处经受相对低的温度。典型温度为：熔体温度190℃、螺杆温度120℃以及排出区域中的筒体温度160℃。
因此，腔室中的熔体在边界表面处具有低于内部的系统的、显著不同的温度。
随着螺杆的每次旋转，C形熔体部分被交替地压进螺杆前室，根据两个螺杆的转数，在每种情形中，一次从第一螺杆并且一次从第二螺杆。在螺杆前室和随后的适配器中到下游喷嘴的圆形流动通道中，形成特征温度轮廓。特别是在挤出机的上部性能范围内，其在实践中在节省成本的挤出过程中，温差为20K和更高。在流动通道至喷嘴入口中的停留时间并不足以补偿由于热传导引起的温差，因为取决于挤出机的标称直径，在具有温度的最大值和最小值的区域之间的流动通道中距离为约20mm至60mm，并且因为已知塑料以及由此PVC是不良热导体。
该温度轮廓关于垂直对称平面对称。其原因是可以理解的：反向旋转双螺杆挤出机在螺杆和筒体两者的几何形状以及甚至螺杆的旋转方向方面是完全对称布置的。因此，从每个螺杆喷射的熔体流形成完全镜像。只有在加工单元的机械生产中的制造误差、使用长时间后的不均匀磨损以及从用于螺杆和筒体的控制温度的设定温度的随机偏差才稍微减轻温度场的严格对称。在一定的生产量范围和压力增大中，特定的挤出机的温度场是典型的。这也意味着，对于每种应用，可能发生明显不同的温度分布，这些温度分布尚不能以足够的精度预测，并且与相应的挤出任务——轮廓物形状和喷嘴阻力、生产量、螺杆尖端处的压力——具有明显的相互作用。
熔体中的温差也对喷嘴中熔体的流动性质具有决定性的影响，在用于生产相对复杂的窗口型材的喷嘴中非常显著，其中只允许小的尺寸公差。在喷嘴入口区域中，熔体流被分成不同的路径。每条路径延伸到喷嘴端并具有特定的几何形状(宽度，高度等)。各个路径可以通过辐条与其它路径部分地分开，其它路径汇合而不是完全受限。很容易看出，当流过相同的流动通道时，具有相当低的熔体温度的熔体区域比具有较高熔体温度的熔体区域流动得更慢。在用于窗口型材的喷嘴的情形中，如果在喷嘴的不同位点处提供用于流动通道的相同间隙轮廓，则实际上较低的熔体温度导致比较高的熔体温度的轮廓部段的更小壁厚。
已知静态混合元件，其被布置在喷嘴前面的熔体的流动通道中，例如参见AT 408860和AT 506 577。这些混合元件分别引起六个部分熔体流的大规模重新布置。结果，具有初始较高熔体温度的区域与具有初始较低熔体温度的区域相邻，使得由于热传导和相对短的距离能显著补偿温差。尽管这些混合元件中的每一个都很少努力减小温差导致小于50％，但是通过混合元件的单一流动的压力要求约为30巴干扰，使得几乎不能使多于两个混合元件能串联连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是避免这些缺点并提供一种双螺杆挤出机，其在熔体流中实现更均匀的温度分布。
根据本发明，这通过在双螺杆挤出机的螺杆或筒体之后提供混合装置来实现。第一螺杆具有呈混合元件形式的延伸部，其中所述混合元件被牢固地连接到第一螺杆，并且所述混合元件引起从第二螺杆喷射的熔体流卷绕到从第一螺杆喷射的熔体流上。
所描述的混合装置引起双螺杆挤出机的螺杆前室中的熔体在它被从两个螺杆中喷射后立即均匀化。该混合装置适用于所有常见的双螺杆挤出机、即用于平行双螺杆挤出机和用于锥形双螺杆挤出机两者，并用于这种相反方向的旋转以及这种相同方向的旋转。具体地，在反向旋转双螺杆挤出机的情形中，这导致在20K范围内的熔体流中的大温差，能有利地使用该混合装置。
该混合装置相对于在离开挤出机后的熔体流中的温度分布产生严格对称的溶解，并且显著降低了温度值的范围。螺杆通过同向旋转的混合元件延伸。该混合元件、下文称为混合螺杆末端可以直接一体形成在螺杆上，或者将它额外制成，然后机械地刚性连接到螺杆。来自该螺杆的熔体流主要布置保留在混合螺杆末端和随后流动通道的中心中，然而来自另一个螺杆的熔体流从侧部倾斜供给到来自第一螺杆的熔体流，并因而将它以若干薄层包裹到先前的熔体上。在该层中，具有原始的大温差的统计分布区域彼此相邻，使得它们能在短距离内很好地补偿。最后，在流动通道中环形向外流动的那些50％的流动横截面很好地混合并且具有近似均匀的温度场。而且，流动横截面的内部50％经受一定的混合效果，因为与螺杆同向旋转的混合元件中的流动不仅严格地仅在螺杆的通道方向上发生，而且特别地通过与横向供应的熔体的接触也被激励成螺旋状流动。在混合元件的同向旋转翼部或螺杆螺纹结束并且熔体的旋转停止之后，在该内部横截面区域中存在一定的温度补偿。
喷嘴入口区域的均匀熔体温度允许更精确的喷嘴设计，因为熔体然后具有均匀的流变性质。这些均匀的流变性质可以用数学公式来描述，使得流动通道能借助于常用的计算方法来解释、也可以借助于FEM计算来解释。流动通道然后被定尺寸，使得在喷嘴的端部处在一些部段中大量流体离开，该大量流体导致型材的期望壁厚。此外，还可以较大地避免由于在轴向方向上的温度波动引起的波状边缘。调节喷嘴的努力显著减少，因为型材的壁厚仅取决于流动通道的几何形状而且不会因局部不同的熔体温度而变形。
这也意味着喷嘴可以用不同的挤出机操作，而对型材的几何形状没有任何显著影响。熔体流中的温度分布是每个双螺杆挤出机和每种应用情况的特征，损失其对型材的几何形状的影响。在将温度轮廓调平至平均熔体温度之后，最初存在哪个温差并不重要。
有利的是，第一螺杆前室具有大致圆筒形的形状，并且第二螺杆前室具有大致倾斜的锥形形状。这导致的优点是来自第二螺杆前室的第二熔体逐渐缠绕在来自第一螺杆前室的第一熔体周围。
当混合螺杆末端具有大致在轴向方向或螺旋地布置在混合螺杆末端的末端芯部上的至少一个翼部(较佳地两个至五个翼部)时，发生更好的热混合。为了表征混合螺杆末端的这种螺旋状螺杆螺纹的螺距的大小和一些其它几何形状，双螺杆挤出机的两个典型特征被使用：标称直径表示在螺杆端处的螺杆的外直径。芯部直径是在螺杆端处的螺杆芯部的直径。
当这种螺杆螺纹的螺距比在螺杆端处的挤出机螺杆的标称直径更大时，该混合效果特别有效，优选地，螺距是标称直径的二倍至五倍大，特别优选地，螺距是标称直径的四倍大。
如果混合螺杆末端在纵向轴线的方向上延伸等于或大于标称直径的长度是有利的，优选地，长度是标称直径的一倍至十倍，特别优选地，长度是标称直径的两倍至五倍。这导致的优点是足够的长度可用于混合，使得能完全补偿熔体中的温差。
为了提供足够的容积用于混合物，有利的是，如果混合螺杆末端具有末端芯部，该末端芯部具有在第一螺杆末端的区域中的与第一螺杆共同的芯部直径，其中末端芯部在输送方向锥形渐缩至末端。
更好地是，如果混合螺杆末端具有末端芯部，其入口侧芯部直径对应于第一螺杆末端的芯部直径，其中在输送方向上的末端芯部以锥形加宽到加厚部分，然后锥形渐缩至末端。这导致的优点是加厚部分产生收缩部，通过该收缩部，第一熔体流的流动阻力增加，并且第一熔体流的一部分在近似倾斜的锥形腔体中移位到第二熔体流。
为了实现在来自双螺杆挤出机的适配器、在此处是混合适配器的熔体的出口处熔体流仅在输送方向上移动，有利的是，在输送方向上静态混合元件在混合螺杆末端之后，例如，根据AT 408 860或AT 506 577，其被布置成停止由混合螺杆末端迫使的熔体的旋转。
附图说明
在下文中，将参考非限制性附图更详细地描述本发明，附图中：
图1以半剖视图示出了在第一实施例中的根据本发明的用于平行双螺杆挤出机的混合装置；
图2以平面图示出了第一实施例的混合装置；
图3以平面图示出了在第一实施例中的根据本发明的混合装置的混合螺杆末端；
图4以平面图示出了对应于图1的在第二实施例中的混合螺杆末端；
图5以半剖视图示出了混合适配器；
图6以斜视图示出了根据专利AT 506 577的混合装置的混合元件。
具体实施方式
术语“入口侧”和“出口侧”是指输送方向A。
图1示出了混合装置的斜视图。混合适配器2以半剖视图示出。这用于代替双螺杆挤出机的标准适配器，其延伸约1至10标称直径。在入口侧，示出第一螺杆3和第二螺杆4，在此用于所谓的具有反向旋转螺杆3、4的平行双螺杆挤出机。这些螺杆是未在附图中示出的双螺杆挤出机1的部分。仅示出了两个螺杆的出口侧。代替第一螺杆3的附图中未示出的第一螺杆末端5，设有与第一螺杆3同向旋转的混合螺杆末端6。第二螺杆4的第二螺杆末端7未改变。
混合螺杆末端6由圆筒形第一螺杆前室8容纳。
从第一螺杆3喷射的第一熔体(未示出)基本上喷射到该圆筒形第一螺杆前室8中，并且会在主要在纵向轴线B的轴向方向上没有混合螺杆末端6的情况下流动。具有附连的螺杆螺纹9或翼部的旋转混合螺杆末端6引起熔体围绕纵向轴线B的额外旋转，其叠加纵向流动。
第二螺杆4的第二熔体(未示出)被喷射到近似倾斜锥形的第二螺杆前室10中。随着降低该第二螺杆前室10的横截面，熔体在第一螺杆3的圆筒形第一螺杆前室8的方向上位移，并且当它这样时，在第一螺杆3的旋转熔体流的外侧上卷绕。因此，在混合螺杆末端6的端部11处的总熔体流由稍微较少混合的内部区域和在外部区域中的若干缠绕的薄层组成。由于热传导和在短时间内在短距离上相邻层中的温差被补偿，使得在双螺杆挤出机1的出口12处的熔体流的外部区域中存在大致均匀的温度。
在混合螺杆末端6之后，也可以设置静态混合元件13，其同样在图1中示出。该混合元件13产生额外的混合效果，这对于总熔体流的内部区域是特别理想的。
另外，被混合螺杆末端6迫使的熔体的旋转由此被停止，使得流过该混合元件13后的熔体具有线性流动。
图2以平面图示出了与图1相同的情况。两个螺杆3、4具有相反的旋转方向，第一螺杆螺纹14和第二螺杆螺纹15在顶侧分开。两个螺杆3和4在螺杆末端处具有外直径ND，其被称为双螺杆挤出机的标称直径。芯部直径KD表示螺杆末端处的螺杆芯部的直径。此处，能清除地识别第一螺杆3的圆筒形第一螺杆前室8，其中混合螺杆末端6与整体形成的螺杆螺纹9或翼部一起旋转。
第二螺杆4与近似倾斜锥形的螺杆前室10相关联。来自第二螺杆4的熔体流倾斜地引入第一螺杆3的熔体流中。
在图3中，以平面图示出了混合螺杆末端6的第一实施例。在图3中左侧，示出了螺纹26，利用该螺纹将混合螺杆末端6旋拧到第一螺杆3，使得它刚性地连接到螺杆3。在入口侧，基于双螺杆挤出机1中熔体的输送方向A，末端芯部16与第一螺杆3的芯部17齐平，而后该末端芯部16锥形地渐缩并最终终止于末端18。
一体地形成在该第一实施例中的末端芯部16陡峭行进，具有大约为五个标称直径ND的螺距P的相对稀疏的螺杆螺纹9。代替这些螺杆螺纹，可提供未在附图中示出的轴向延伸的翼部。这些螺杆螺纹9或翼部完成重要任务：它们迫使最初在纵向轴线B的方向上发生的流动叠加对于混合效果必需的旋转运动。另外，由于与单螺杆挤出机中类似模式的操作，螺杆螺纹9代替翼部有助于纵向流动。螺杆螺纹9或翼部的数量较佳地选择为与排出区中螺杆3和4的螺纹数量不同，由此，在双螺纹螺杆3、4处选择为三个混合螺杆末端6的混合叶片，并且反之亦然。其原因是避免各种效果的规则叠加。
第一螺杆前室8具有直径d，其对应于标称直径ND。螺杆螺纹9和翼部的外周缘通过留出小间隙来填充圆筒形第一螺杆前室8，在该情形中小间隙约1mm。可选地，该间隙可选择为更大或在输送方向A上增加，从初始大约1mm到10mm或更大。为了迫使旋转流动，在PVC的挤出中不需要螺杆螺纹9或翼部到达特别靠近螺杆前室8的筒壁，这是因为PVC熔体趋向于在壁上滑动。
熔体在纵向轴线B的方向上的输送主要由螺杆3、4引起。纵向流动在输送方向A上引起一定的压降以克服摩擦和流动阻力。由于螺距P，作为螺旋状螺杆螺纹9的输送动作的结果，该压降略微降低。第一螺杆3和第二螺杆4在该情形中具有双螺纹螺杆，其螺距P1小于螺距P。由于螺距P显著大于图3中能画出的，度量以象征性缩短的方式输入。代替螺旋状螺杆螺纹9，在纵向轴线B的轴向方向上延伸的翼部或螺纹也可以一体地形成在末端芯部16上，然而，其结果是，不支持熔体在纵向轴线B的方向上的输送。
图4示出了根据图3的混合螺杆末端6的修改实施例。在该情形中，第一螺杆3之后的标称直径KD锥形地增加，然后保持短距离不变，并且进而锥形地渐缩，使得末端芯部16然后终结于末端18。
在加厚的末端芯部16和圆筒形的第一螺杆前室8的壁之间形成收缩部19，这引起第一熔体流的流动阻力增加。该熔体流的一部分因此偏转到第二熔体流。在收缩部19之后，所述流又流到第一圆筒形螺杆前室8并且由此经受期望的混合效果。
在图5中，以半剖斜视图示出了混合适配器2以及用于两个螺杆前室8、10并用于接纳静态混合元件13的壳体。该相交截面同时是用于形成混合适配器2的另一半的镜像平面。在入口侧，混合适配器2的内轮廓适合于挤出筒体的所谓的眼镜孔，其为在前侧的两个相交的圆形。
在混合适配器2中的混合区具有三个特征区域：作为第一螺杆3的延续的圆筒形的第一熔体通道23、作为第二螺杆4的延续的近似倾斜锥形的第二熔体通道24和用于混合元件13的圆筒形凹部25。
用于第一螺杆3的螺杆前室8在轴向方向B上共线地圆筒形地延伸。这适用于平行和圆锥形双螺杆挤出机。用于第二螺杆4的那个以近似倾斜渐缩的方式变窄并且在圆筒形表面上在叶片形的出口侧上行进。螺杆前室8、10的两种基本形式在楔形区域重叠，使得细长的、锥形渐缩的狭槽20保持自由，用于第二熔体流通过。最初从第一螺杆3和第二螺杆4分开排出的熔体流在该狭槽20的长度上逐渐汇合成总熔体流。
在第二螺杆前室10中，可以设置一个或多个纵向螺纹，其防止第二熔体流的旋转。如果没有这种纵向螺纹，在与旋转的第一熔体流接触的点处的第二熔体流将被激励以沿相反的旋转方向旋转。第二熔体流的纯纵向流动对于期望的混合工艺是有利的，因为在与铅笔的尖点类似的情形中，不是包覆层位于具有相对均匀的温度的“削平”的锥形表面上，而是在横截面上包括所有的温度范围的抛物线的横截面区域。此外，这是满足对称溶解的要求：第一旋转熔体流和第二非旋转熔体流组合形成总熔体流。
能借助于加热套管加热混合适配器2。
图6示出了合适的静态混合元件13的入口侧视图。该混合元件13插入混合壳体2的相应开口中。在总熔体流流过所示的开口21之后，它具有纯纵向流动。混合元件13的目的是阻止由混合螺杆末端6迫使的熔体的旋转并引入附加的混合效果。

Claims (10)

1.混合装置(1)，所述混合装置(1)用于双螺杆挤出机、具体是用于具有平行或锥形布置的螺杆的反向旋转的双螺杆挤出机(1)，所述双螺杆挤出机(1)具有用于混合熔体流的第一螺杆(3)和第二螺杆(4)，所述双螺杆挤出机(1)具有第一螺杆前室和第二螺杆前室(8、10)，其特征在于，所述第一螺杆(3)具有呈混合螺杆末端(6)形式的延伸部，其中，所述第一螺杆(3)输送进入的第一熔体通道(23)布置成经由细长的狭槽(20)流动连接到所述第二螺杆(4)输送进入的第二熔体通道(24)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合装置(1)，其特征在于，所述第一螺杆前室(8)具有大致圆筒形的形状，并且所述第二螺杆前室(10)具有大致倾斜锥形的形状，使得来自所述第二螺杆前室(10)的熔体被引入所述第一螺杆前室(8)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合装置(1)，其特征在于，所述螺杆(3)具有呈混合螺杆末端(6)形式的延伸部，并且所述延伸部包括至少一个螺杆螺纹(9)或翼部、较佳地二个至四个螺杆螺纹(9)，所述螺杆螺纹(9)大致轴向平行或螺旋地缠绕在所述混合螺杆末端(6)的末端芯部(16)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合装置(1)，其特征在于，所述螺杆螺纹(9)的螺距(P)大于所述第一螺杆(3)的标称直径(ND)，所述螺距(P)较佳地是所述标称直径(ND)两倍至五倍大，特别优选地，所述螺距(P)是所述标称直径(ND)的四倍大。
5.根据权利要求1至4中一项所述的混合装置(1)，其特征在于，所述混合螺杆末端(6)单独制造并刚性地连接到所述第一螺杆(3)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中一项所述的混合装置(1)，其特征在于，所述混合螺杆末端(6)在纵向轴线(B)的方向上延伸长度(L)，所述长度(L)等于或大于所述第一螺杆的所述标称直径(ND)，所述长度(L)较佳地是所述标称直径(ND)的两倍至十倍，特别优选地，所述长度(L)是所述标称直径(ND)的两倍到五倍。
7.根据权利要求1至6中一项所述的混合装置(1)，其特征在于，所述混合螺杆末端(6)具有末端芯部(16)，所述末端芯部(16)在入口侧具有与所述第一螺杆(3)共同的芯部直径(KD)，其中所述末端芯部(16)在输送方向(A)上锥形渐缩至末端(18)。
8.根据权利要求1至6中一项所述的混合装置(1)，其特征在于，所述混合螺杆末端(6)具有末端芯部(16)，所述末端芯部(16)在入口侧具有与所述第一螺杆(3)共同的芯部直径(KD)，其中所述末端芯部(16)在输送方向(A)上首先锥形加宽到加厚部分(22)，然后锥形渐缩至末端(18)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中一项所述的混合装置(1)，其特征在于，在输送方向(A)上在所述混合螺杆末端(6)之后布置有静态混合元件(13)，以停止通过所述混合螺杆末端(6)的所述熔体的受迫旋转。
10.一种使用双螺杆挤出机生产薄膜、板材或型材以及类似物的挤出方法，其特征在于，所述双螺杆挤出机配备有根据权利要求1至9中一项所述的混合装置。
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