CN1538462A - 聚变反应堆的层状构件 - Google Patents
聚变反应堆的层状构件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1538462A CN1538462A CNA2004100306653A CN200410030665A CN1538462A CN 1538462 A CN1538462 A CN 1538462A CN A2004100306653 A CNA2004100306653 A CN A2004100306653A CN 200410030665 A CN200410030665 A CN 200410030665A CN 1538462 A CN1538462 A CN 1538462A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- carbon
- tungsten
- refractory metal
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S376/00—Induced nuclear reactions: processes, systems, and elements
- Y10S376/90—Particular material or material shapes for fission reactors
- Y10S376/904—Moderator, reflector, or coolant materials
- Y10S376/906—Metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
- Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
- Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/1284—W-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATGM228/2003 | 2003-04-02 | ||
AT0022803U AT6636U1 (de) | 2003-04-02 | 2003-04-02 | Verbundbauteil für fusionsreaktor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1538462A true CN1538462A (zh) | 2004-10-20 |
CN100524540C CN100524540C (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
Family
ID=29588067
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2004100306653A Expired - Fee Related CN100524540C (zh) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-04-02 | 聚变反应堆的层状构件 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7128980B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1465205B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4540381B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101105065B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100524540C (zh) |
AT (2) | AT6636U1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2462491C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE502004007529D1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL1465205T3 (zh) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102284837A (zh) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-12-21 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 一种用于核聚变装置的高热负荷部件制造方法 |
CN102312186A (zh) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种提高真空等离子体喷涂钨涂层结合强度的方法 |
CN101048826B (zh) * | 2004-10-27 | 2012-07-04 | 普兰西欧洲股份公司 | 单块冷却装置组件 |
CN102610285A (zh) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-07-25 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 一种利用金属钨作为磁约束反应堆的第一壁材料的结构 |
CN102626820A (zh) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-08-08 | 北京科技大学 | 一种真空热压焊接钨-金刚石/铜-铬锆铜的方法 |
CN102922815A (zh) * | 2012-07-26 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 水冷却平板层状CuCrZr/OFHC-Cu/CVD-W面向等离子体部件及其制作方法 |
CN103658904A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-26 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | 一种钨铜复合块真空钎焊连接工艺 |
CN108039209A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-15 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 用于聚变反应堆的具有梯度适配层的偏滤器单块类型构件 |
CN109791809A (zh) * | 2016-09-16 | 2019-05-21 | 俄罗斯联邦诺萨顿国家原子能公司 | 真空等离子体反应堆 |
CN109961856A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种防止直面等离子体部分温度过高的核聚变第一壁 |
CN113488202A (zh) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-10-08 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种快速移能聚变堆偏滤器水冷钨靶模块及冷却靶板结构 |
CN116968397A (zh) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-10-31 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | 一种防氚渗透的层状复合材料及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT8485U1 (de) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-08-15 | Plansee Se | Erste-wand-komponente für fusionsreaktor |
AT8749U1 (de) * | 2005-08-29 | 2006-12-15 | Plansee Se | Verbundbauteil mit strukturiertem wolframteil |
AT9199U1 (de) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-06-15 | Plansee Se | Werkstoffverbund mit explosionsgeschweisstem zwischenstück |
AT9173U1 (de) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-05-15 | Plansee Se | Erste-wand-komponente mit ringsegment |
AT9000U1 (de) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-03-15 | Plansee Se | Wärmesenke aus einer kupferlegierung |
CN101626854B (zh) * | 2007-01-29 | 2012-07-04 | 赢创德固赛有限责任公司 | 用于熔模铸造的热解金属氧化物 |
US20080206391A1 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-08-28 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Injection Molding Nozzle Assembly with Composite Nozzle Tip |
DE102007016375A1 (de) * | 2007-03-31 | 2008-10-02 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Bauteile für Wärmesenken |
US8268452B2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2012-09-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Bonding agents for improved sintering of earth-boring tools, methods of forming earth-boring tools and resulting structures |
US20100046688A1 (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2010-02-25 | Kotschenreuther Michael T | Magnetic confinement device |
US20100063344A1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-11 | Kotschenreuther Michael T | Fusion neutron source for fission applications |
US8279994B2 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2012-10-02 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Tokamak reactor for treating fertile material or waste nuclear by-products |
US20100119025A1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-13 | Kotschenreuther Michael T | Replaceable fusion neutron source |
US20100246740A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Kotschenreuther Michael T | Nuclear Material Tracers |
US20110114285A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-05-19 | Buxbaum Robert E | Copper-niobium, copper-vanadium, or copper-chromium nanocomposites, and the use thereof in heat exchangers |
JP2011122883A (ja) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-23 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 炭素材と銅合金材を冶金的に接合する高熱負荷機器製造方法 |
US20110170649A1 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-14 | Kotschenreuther Michael T | Magnetic confinement device with aluminum or aluminum-alloy magnets |
SE536814C2 (sv) * | 2010-03-01 | 2014-09-16 | Westinghouse Electric Sweden | Neutronabsorberande komponent och förfarande för framställning av en neutronabsorberande komponent |
SE536815C2 (sv) * | 2010-03-01 | 2014-09-16 | Westinghouse Electric Sweden | Reaktorkomponent |
SE537113C2 (sv) * | 2010-03-01 | 2015-01-20 | Westinghouse Electric Sweden | Bränslekomponent och förfarande för framställning av en bränslekomponent |
DE102010041532A1 (de) | 2010-09-28 | 2012-01-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verbundbauteil |
US9589678B2 (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2017-03-07 | The Boeing Company | Complex shape structure for liquid lithium first walls of fusion power reactor environments |
US9511572B2 (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2016-12-06 | Southwest Research Institute | Nanocrystalline interlayer coating for increasing service life of thermal barrier coating on high temperature components |
FR2978860A1 (fr) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Composant de premiere paroi pour reacteur de fusion nucleaire et son procede de realisation |
DE102011115866A1 (de) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-18 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Metallrohr; Verwendung eines Metallrohrs als Strukturbauteil; Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Metallrohrs; metallisches Strukturbauteil; Divertor |
CN102677099A (zh) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-09-19 | 河北联合大学 | Ni-W梯度材料及其制备方法 |
CN102794612B (zh) * | 2012-08-25 | 2015-01-21 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种W/Cu复合构件的制备方法 |
US9928926B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2018-03-27 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Active cooling of structures immersed in plasma |
US9959942B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2018-05-01 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Encapsulating magnetic fields for plasma confinement |
US9959941B2 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2018-05-01 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System for supporting structures immersed in plasma |
US10049773B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2018-08-14 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Heating plasma for fusion power using neutral beam injection |
US9934876B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Magnetic field plasma confinement for compact fusion power |
US9992917B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2018-06-05 | Vulcan GMS | 3-D printing method for producing tungsten-based shielding parts |
CN103886919B (zh) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-02-17 | 北京工业大学 | 利用叠片结构提高聚变堆内壁耐等离子体辐照性能的方法 |
KR101938488B1 (ko) | 2017-08-03 | 2019-01-14 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 내화 금속계 합금과 구리의 이중연속구조 복합재 및 그 제조방법 |
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CN113523910A (zh) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-10-22 | 合肥聚能电物理高技术开发有限公司 | 一种钨铜复合板的孔槽加工方法及钨铜复合板 |
CN113319418A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种钼铼合金无中间层扩散连接方法 |
CN115090983B (zh) * | 2022-07-26 | 2023-10-31 | 国电投核力创芯(无锡)科技有限公司 | 一种用于束流收集桶的焊接方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS59151084A (ja) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-29 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 核融合装置 |
JPH01312015A (ja) * | 1988-06-10 | 1989-12-15 | Toshiba Corp | 熱膨張調整部材の製造方法 |
US5126102A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1992-06-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Fabricating method of composite material |
US5126106A (en) | 1990-05-22 | 1992-06-30 | Tosoh Corporation | Chromium-based weld material and rolled article and process for producing the rolled article |
JPH05256968A (ja) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-10-08 | Hitachi Ltd | 核融合炉第一壁 |
JP3600350B2 (ja) | 1996-03-07 | 2004-12-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 傾斜機能材料及びその製造方法 |
US6271585B1 (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 2001-08-07 | Tokyo Tungsten Co., Ltd. | Heat sink substrate consisting essentially of copper and molybdenum and method of manufacturing the same |
US5988488A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-11-23 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Process of bonding copper and tungsten |
US6089444A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2000-07-18 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Process of bonding copper and tungsten |
JPH11190787A (ja) | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-13 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | 高融点材料と高熱伝導率を有する材料との直接接合による耐熱性接合構造体またはその接合方法 |
AT3175U1 (de) * | 1999-02-05 | 1999-11-25 | Plansee Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines thermisch hoch belastbaren verbundbauteiles |
-
2003
- 2003-04-02 AT AT0022803U patent/AT6636U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-03-27 KR KR1020040020980A patent/KR101105065B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-03-30 US US10/814,311 patent/US7128980B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-30 AT AT04007612T patent/ATE400876T1/de active
- 2004-03-30 CA CA2462491A patent/CA2462491C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-30 EP EP04007612A patent/EP1465205B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-30 PL PL04007612T patent/PL1465205T3/pl unknown
- 2004-03-30 DE DE502004007529T patent/DE502004007529D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-02 JP JP2004110035A patent/JP4540381B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-02 CN CNB2004100306653A patent/CN100524540C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101048826B (zh) * | 2004-10-27 | 2012-07-04 | 普兰西欧洲股份公司 | 单块冷却装置组件 |
CN102312186A (zh) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种提高真空等离子体喷涂钨涂层结合强度的方法 |
CN102284837A (zh) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-12-21 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 一种用于核聚变装置的高热负荷部件制造方法 |
CN102610285A (zh) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-07-25 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 一种利用金属钨作为磁约束反应堆的第一壁材料的结构 |
CN102626820A (zh) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-08-08 | 北京科技大学 | 一种真空热压焊接钨-金刚石/铜-铬锆铜的方法 |
CN102922815B (zh) * | 2012-07-26 | 2015-02-04 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 水冷却平板层状CuCrZr/OFHC-Cu/CVD-W面向等离子体部件及其制作方法 |
CN102922815A (zh) * | 2012-07-26 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 水冷却平板层状CuCrZr/OFHC-Cu/CVD-W面向等离子体部件及其制作方法 |
CN103658904B (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2016-01-20 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | 一种钨铜复合块真空钎焊连接工艺 |
CN103658904A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-26 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | 一种钨铜复合块真空钎焊连接工艺 |
CN109791809A (zh) * | 2016-09-16 | 2019-05-21 | 俄罗斯联邦诺萨顿国家原子能公司 | 真空等离子体反应堆 |
CN109791809B (zh) * | 2016-09-16 | 2023-03-07 | 俄罗斯联邦诺萨顿国家原子能公司 | 真空等离子体反应堆 |
CN108039209A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-15 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 用于聚变反应堆的具有梯度适配层的偏滤器单块类型构件 |
CN109961856A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种防止直面等离子体部分温度过高的核聚变第一壁 |
CN113488202A (zh) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-10-08 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种快速移能聚变堆偏滤器水冷钨靶模块及冷却靶板结构 |
CN116968397A (zh) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-10-31 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | 一种防氚渗透的层状复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN116968397B (zh) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-15 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | 一种防氚渗透的层状复合材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL1465205T3 (pl) | 2008-11-28 |
US20040195296A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US7128980B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
CN100524540C (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
EP1465205B1 (de) | 2008-07-09 |
AT6636U1 (de) | 2004-01-26 |
KR101105065B1 (ko) | 2012-01-13 |
KR20040086198A (ko) | 2004-10-08 |
JP2004309485A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
EP1465205A3 (de) | 2007-01-17 |
EP1465205A2 (de) | 2004-10-06 |
DE502004007529D1 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
JP4540381B2 (ja) | 2010-09-08 |
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