CN1509288A - 5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐 - Google Patents
5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(1)的5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐及其药物组合物。本发明还涉及这些柠檬酸盐的各种形式,具体地说,包括其水合物和其无水或基本无水的柠檬酸盐。本发明还涉及这些柠檬酸盐形式的制备方法。
Description
本发明涉及5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯
的柠檬酸盐及其药物组合物。本发明还涉及该柠檬酸盐的各种形式,包括其水合物(本文称A型)和另一种无水或几乎无水的多晶形物(本文称B型)。
化合物5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯结合到神经元烟碱性乙酰胆碱特异性受体部位,能够用于调节胆碱能机能。该化合物可用于治疗炎性肠疾病(包括但不限于溃疡性结肠炎、坏疽性脓皮病和克罗恩氏病(Crohn’s disease))、过敏性肠综合症、痉挛性张力障碍、慢性疼痛、急性疼痛、腹泻(celiac sprue)、囊炎(pouchitis)、血管收缩、焦虑、恐慌症、抑郁症、双相性精神障碍(bipolar disorder)、孤独症、睡眠障碍、时差反应(jetlag)、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、认知机能障碍、药物/毒素-诱发的认知损伤(例如,起因于酒精、巴比妥类药物、维生素缺乏、消遣性药物(recreational drug)、铅、砷、汞)、疾病诱发的认知损伤(例如,起因于阿尔茨海默氏病(早老性痴呆)、血管性痴呆(vascular dementia)、帕金森氏病、多发性硬化症、AIDS、(大)脑炎、创伤、肾性脑病和肝性脑病、甲状腺机能减退、皮克氏病、科尔萨科夫氏综合症以及frontal和皮层下痴呆(frontal and subcortical dementia))、高血压、食欲过盛、厌食症、肥胖症、心律失常、胃酸分泌过多、溃疡、嗜铬细胞瘤、进行性核上麻痹(progressive supramuscular palsy)、化学品依赖和成瘾(例如,对尼古丁(和/或烟草产品)、酒精、苯并二氮类、巴比妥类、类阿片或可卡因的依赖和成瘾)、头痛、偏头痛、中风、外伤性脑损伤(TBI)、强迫观念与行为性疾病(OCD)、精神病、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病、迟发性运动障碍、运动机能亢进、诵读困难、精神分裂症、多发性硬化性痴呆、年龄相关性认知衰退、癫痫症、包括小发作缺乏癫痫症(including petit mal absence epilepsy)、注意力缺陷机能亢进障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)(ADHD)、图雷特氏综合症(Tourette‘s Syndrome),特别是尼古丁依赖、成瘾和脱瘾,包括在戒烟治疗中的应用。
本发明的柠檬酸盐可以与抗抑郁剂联合用于药物组合物中以治疗与AD、PD、中风、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病或外伤性脑损伤(TBI)有关的认知衰退和抑郁症,其中抗抑郁剂的例子为三环类抗抑郁剂或抑制5-羟色胺重摄取的抗抑郁剂;也可以与毒蕈碱激动剂联合应用以刺激中枢毒蕈碱和烟碱样受体,用于治疗例如ALS、认知机能障碍、年龄相关性认知衰退、AD、PD、中风、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病和TBI;也可以与神经营养因子例如NGF联合应用以把胆碱能增强作用扩大到最大程度,用于治疗例如ALS、认知机能障碍、年龄相关性认知衰退、AD、PD、中风、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病和TBI;或者与减缓或阻止AD的试剂联合应用,其中减缓或阻止AD的试剂的例子包括:认知增强剂、淀粉状蛋白聚集抑制剂、secretase抑制剂、τ(tau)激酶抑制剂、神经元抗炎剂和雌激素类治疗剂。
在1999年7月15日出版的WO99/35131(相应于1999年9月28日提交的美国第09/402.010专利申请和2000年2月25日提交的美国第09/514.002号专利申请)中提到了结合到神经元烟碱样受体的化合物,包括5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯及其盐酸盐。上述申请的申请人与本申请的申请人相同,这些文献公开的全部内容在此引入作为参考,这些文献一般性地提到了其中所述化合物的可药用酸加成盐。
本发明的柠檬酸盐显示的特性包括固态稳定性和与某些药物制剂赋形剂的兼容性,这些特性使其比5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的已知盐更优越。
附图简述
图1是5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物(A型)的理论粉末X-光衍射图(y轴为每秒的线性计数;X为2θ角的度数)。
图2是5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物(A型)的实测粉末X-光衍射图(y轴为每秒的线性计数;X为2θ角的度数)。
图3是5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物(A型)的实测X-光衍射图(上线),该图叠加于A型计算的粉末X-光衍射图(y轴为每秒的线性计数;X为2θ角的度数)。
图4是5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的脱水后的无水或几乎无水柠檬酸盐(B型)的实测粉末X-光衍射图(y轴为每秒的线性计数;X为2θ角的度数)。
图5是5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的无水或几乎无水柠檬酸盐水合物(B型)的实测粉末X-光衍射图(上线),该图叠加于柠檬酸盐(A型)(下线)的实测粉末X-光衍射图(y轴为每秒的线性计数;X为2θ角的度数)。
图6为固态A型柠檬酸盐的13C NMR谱,在295K温度下,应用BrukerAdvanceDRX500MHz NMR光谱仪,在7mm宽孔径幻角自旋(WB MAS)探针中通过交叉极化幻角自旋法(CPMAS)测定。标有星号(*)的峰为自旋边峰(spinning sidebands),其在自旋频率的多峰处沿真实峰(中谱带)转移。
图7为固态B型柠檬酸盐的13C NMR谱,在295K温度下,应用BrukerAdvanceDRX500MHz NMR光谱仪,在7mm宽孔径幻角自旋(WB MAS)探针中通过交叉极化幻角自旋法(CPMAS)测定。标有星号(*)的峰为自旋边峰,其在自旋频率的多峰处沿真实峰(中谱带)转移。
图8为5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物(非化学计量比)(A型)的X-光晶体结构。
图9为5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物(A型)的差示扫描量热图。
图10为5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的无水或几乎无水柠檬酸盐(B型)的差示扫描量热图。
发明概述
本发明涉及5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐。
在本发明的优选方案中,5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐为柠檬酸盐水合物,此处称为A型。此处用于A型的术语“水合物”意指固态晶体中含有1-5%的水,并且不意味着任何化学计量关系。
A型柠檬酸盐的特征在于:X-光衍射图的主要峰以用铜辐射测定的2θ和d-间距表示(在所示误差范围内)如下:
2θ角度(±0.2) | d值()(±0.2) |
9.7 | 9.1 |
12.8 | 6.9 |
14.6 | 6.1 |
19.7 | 4.5 |
20.0 | 4.4 |
20.5 | 4.3 |
26.1 | 3.4 |
29.1 | 3.1 |
A型柠檬酸盐晶体的特征在于:其通常形成片晶(plates)或棱晶(prisms)。A型柠檬酸盐还有一个特征在于:其形成三斜晶系,属于P-1空间群。该柠檬酸水合物还有一个特征在于:用差示扫描量热法测定的起始熔化转变/分解点为约167℃。另外,本发明的柠檬酸盐水合物还有一个特征在于:其水溶解度>100mg/ml,在水溶液中的固有pH值为3.7。另外,该柠檬酸盐水合物在90%相对湿度状况下具有约0.6%的吸湿性。
A型柠檬酸盐水合物晶体还有一个特征在于:当用固态13C NMR交叉极化幻角自旋技术检测时,其显示下列从100ppm低场的主要共振峰(±0.1ppm,金刚烷标准峰29.5ppm):δ179.8、174.8、173.7、145.9、141.8、124.1和120.9ppm。A型柠檬酸盐水合物在固态时应该至少显示下列从100ppm低场的主要共振峰(±0.1ppm,金刚烷标准峰29.5ppm):δ179.8、145.9和124.1ppm。
在本发明的另一个方案中,5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐是“无水或基本上无水的多晶形物”,此处称为B型,其在A型晶格中失去水时就形成B型。此处用于B型的术语“无水或基本上无水”意指含有0-1%重量水的多晶形物。
B型柠檬酸盐的特征在于:X-光衍射图的主要峰以用铜辐射测定的2θ和d-间距表示如下(在所示误差范围内):
2θ角度(±0.2) | d值()(±0.2) |
9.9 | 9.0 |
12.9 | 6.8 |
14.6 | 6.1 |
19.7 | 4.5 |
20.5 | 4.3 |
26.1 | 3.4 |
B型柠檬酸盐还有一个特征在于:用差示扫描量热法测定的起始熔化转变/分解点为约168℃。
B型柠檬酸盐水合物晶体还有一个特征在于:当用固态13C NMR交叉极化幻角自旋技术检测时,其显示下列从100ppm低场的主要共振峰(±0.1ppm,金刚烷标准峰29.5ppm):δ180.0、175.2、173.1、142.0、139.1、126.1和119.4ppm。B型柠檬酸盐水合物在固态时应该至少显示下列在100ppm低场的主要共振峰:δ180.0、175.2、173.1、126.1和119.4ppm。
本发明的另一个方案涉及一种药物组合物,其含有5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐、或者A型与B型多晶形物中的至少一种(其中优选A型多晶型物)和可药用载体或赋形剂,具体地说,所述药物组合物用于治疗炎性肠疾病(包括但不限于溃疡性结肠炎、坏疽性脓皮病和克罗恩氏病)、过敏性肠综合症、痉挛性张力障碍、慢性疼痛、急性疼痛、腹泻、囊炎、血管收缩、焦虑、恐慌症、抑郁症、双相性精神障碍、孤独症、睡眠障碍、时差反应、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、认知机能障碍、药物/毒素-诱发的认知损伤(例如,起因于酒精、巴比妥类药物、维生素缺乏、消遣性药物、铅、砷、汞)、疾病诱发的认知损伤(例如,起因于阿尔茨海默氏病(早老性痴呆)、血管性痴呆、帕金森氏病、多发性硬化症、AIDS、(大)脑炎、创伤、肾性脑病和肝性脑病、甲状腺机能减退、皮克氏病、科尔萨科夫氏综合症和frontal和皮层下痴呆)、高血压、食欲过盛、厌食症、肥胖症、心律失常、胃酸分泌过多、溃疡、嗜铬细胞瘤、进行性核上麻痹、化学品依赖和成瘾(例如,对尼古丁(和/或烟草产品)、酒精、苯并二氮类、巴比妥类、类阿片或可卡因的依赖和成瘾)、头痛、偏头痛、中风、外伤性脑损伤(TBI)、强迫观念与行为性疾病(OCD)、精神病、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病、迟发性运动障碍、运动机能亢进、诵读困难、精神分裂症、多发性硬化性痴呆、年龄相关性认知衰退、癫痫症、包括小发作缺乏癫痫症、注意力缺陷机能亢进障碍(ADHD)、图雷特氏综合症,特别是尼古丁依赖、成瘾和脱瘾,更优选地用于戒烟治疗。
本发明还涉及治疗下述疾病的方法:炎性肠疾病(包括但不限于溃疡性结肠炎、坏疽性脓皮病和克罗恩氏病)、过敏性肠综合症、痉挛性张力障碍、慢性疼痛、急性疼痛、腹泻、囊炎、血管收缩、焦虑、恐慌症、抑郁症、双相性精神障碍、孤独症、睡眠障碍、时差反应、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、认知机能障碍、药物/毒素-诱发的认知损伤(例如,起因于酒精、巴比妥类药物、维生素缺乏、消遣性药物、铅、砷、汞)、疾病诱发的认知损伤(例如,起因于阿尔茨海默氏病(早老性痴呆)、血管性痴呆、帕金森氏病、多发性硬化症、AIDS、(大)脑炎、创伤、肾性脑病和肝性脑病、甲状腺机能减退、皮克氏病、科尔萨科夫氏综合症和frontal和皮层下痴呆)、高血压、食欲过盛、厌食症、肥胖症、心律失常、胃酸分泌过多、溃疡、嗜铬细胞瘤、进行性核上麻痹、化学品依赖和成瘾(例如,对尼古丁(和/或烟草产品)、酒精、苯并二氮类、巴比妥类、类阿片或可卡因的依赖和成瘾)、头痛、偏头痛、中风、外伤性脑损伤(TBI)、强迫观念与行为性疾病(OCD)、精神病、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病、迟发性运动障碍、运动机能亢进、诵读困难、精神分裂症、多发性硬化性痴呆、年龄相关性认知衰退、癫痫症、包括小发作缺乏癫痫症、注意力缺陷机能亢进障碍(ADHD)、图雷特氏综合症;该方法包括:对需要治疗的宿主施用治疗有效量的5,8,14-三氮杂四环5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐、或者其A型盐与B型盐中的一种。本发明的另一个更优选的方案涉及治疗尼古丁依赖、成瘾和脱瘾的方法,特别涉及用于戒烟治疗的方法,包括:对需要治疗的宿主施用5,8,14-三氮杂四环5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸、或其A型盐与B型盐中的一种,优选施用A型盐。
本发明还涉及制备A型5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐的方法,包括下列步骤:
(i)在合适溶剂中,让5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯与柠檬酸接触;和
(ii)收集形成的晶体。
在本发明关于上述方法的优选方案中,所述合适的溶剂选自:在水存在下的(C1-C6)烷基醇、(C1-C6)烷基酮或(C1-C6)烷基醚。更优选地,合适的溶剂为丙酮与水的混合物或者2-丙醇与水的混合物。更优选地,合适的溶剂为2-丙醇与水的混合物。优选地,在本发明的方法中,所述接触步骤(i)通过溶液状态的5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯与柠檬酸溶液接触来进行。优选地,让所述接触步骤进行1-24小时、更优选5-15小时,并且包括搅拌或混合所得反应混合物。在该方法的优选方案中,在环境温度和溶剂的回流温度之间进行;更优选地,在环境温度和2-丙醇的回流温度(即约80℃)之间进行;最优选地,该方法的反应温度为30-60℃。
本发明还涉及制备B型5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐的方法,包括下列步骤:
(i)在合适的无水溶剂中,让5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯与L-柠檬酸接触;和
(ii)收集形成的晶体。
在制备B型晶体的优选方案中,所述合适的无水溶剂选自:无水(C1-C6)烷基醇、无水(C1-C6)烷基酮或无水(C1-C6)烷基醚。更优选地,所述合适的无水溶剂为无水甲醇、无水乙醇或无水2-丙醇。
本发明还涉及制备B型5,8,14-三氮杂四环[1 0.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐的方法,其包括干燥5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物的步骤。在一个实施方案中,干燥步骤如下进行:(i)减少5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物的粒子大小;和(ii)真空干燥步骤(i)所获固体。可以通过气流粉碎、机械碾磨或其它有效降低粒子大小的方式完成步骤(i)。优选地,干燥步骤(ii)在20-60℃温度范围进行。
在另一个实施方案中,制备B型晶体的干燥方法如下:把A型晶体溶解于无水溶剂中,所述无水溶剂优选为无水(C1-C6)烷醇、(C1-C6)烷基酮、(C1-C6)烷基醚或任意其它合适的无水溶剂;然后如果需要,以共沸混合物方式驱除其中的水;再让B从溶液中结晶。在另一个方案中,干燥方法如下进行:在60-120℃加热A型晶体30分钟-24小时,优选加热至少12小时。
发明详述
化合物5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯是一种烟碱样部份激动剂,可用于治疗多种CNS疾病、失调和病症,特别包括尼古丁依赖、成瘾和脱瘾。
A型5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物仅仅具有轻微的吸湿性,并且水溶解度很高。这些特性和其对药物制剂中常用的赋形剂相对惰性的特性一起使该物质非常适合用于药物制剂。
虽然通常来说,5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的酸加成盐均为晶体,但由于大部分盐吸湿性太强以致这些盐不适合用作药物制剂。该柠檬酸盐在环境条件下以水合物形式存在,如上所述,水合物指晶体中的水含量为1-5%重量。在潮湿房间中,本发明A型柠檬酸盐水合物在90%相对湿度下具有约0.6%wt/wt的吸湿性。该柠檬酸盐水合物的水溶解度为110mg/ml。另外,无论是在较低温度还是在高温并在高湿度状态下,5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐显示非常高的固态稳定性。已经在下列不同条件下制备A型柠檬酸盐水合物:
丙酮方法:往柠檬酸的50/50丙酮/水溶液中,添加5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯溶解于50/50丙酮/水的混合物,把形成的浆状物在20-25℃的温度下搅拌约24小时,在搅拌下,所述产物结晶形成需要的水合物,分离得到溶剂湿饼,通常产率约8为5%。所述产物结晶小,通常成团或者聚集在一起。
2-丙醇/水方法:对于50/50-90/10(v/v)比例的2-丙醇/水混合物,该方法湿合适的。5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯柠檬酸盐水合物的制备如下:往5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的2-丙醇/水溶液中,添加柠檬酸在2-丙醇和水的混合物中的溶液,在20-25℃搅拌直至溶解。让该溶液在45-55℃维持数小时,优选2-5小时。把混合物冷却至0-5℃共1-4小时。通常来说,分离得到大的菱晶,还观察到厚的片状晶体,与从上述丙酮-水方法制备的晶体相比,本方法制备的晶体明显更大和更好。
在低湿度和高温下,A型晶体会失去水,这取决于目视的晶体形式。未粉碎的A型样品在45℃真空干燥箱中放置数天也不会明显失去水(失水量<1%)。然而,如果湿度和温度变化,A型微粒样品容易失去水,并且也容易获得水。在低湿度和加热条件下,A型晶体会完全脱水或者几乎完全脱水,从而形成维持晶格的假同晶体,本文称为B型晶体。B型晶体的含水量为0-1%重量。
可以按照类似于制备A型晶体的方式独立地制备B型晶体,但制备过程中需要应用无水溶剂。优选地,可以应用的溶剂的例子为:无水甲醇、无水乙醇或无水2-丙醇。
B型5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯柠檬酸盐也可以通过干燥5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物来制备。可以应用许多用于从晶格中干燥水的方式。B型晶体可以制备如下:通过本领域技术人员已知的任意技术(包括:气流粉碎和机械碾磨等)降低A型粒子的大小,然后在足以使A型晶体晶格失去水的条件下干燥该降低粒子大小的A型晶体。在湿度平衡系统的干燥循环(真空,干氮气)期间,在45℃温度不到1小时后,降低粒子大小的A型柠檬酸盐水合物显示失去水。在20-60℃温度真空干燥30分钟-10小时会产生B型晶体。
或者,也可以按照下列方法从A型晶体制备B型晶体:把A型晶体溶解于无水溶剂中,优选的无水溶剂为无水(C1-C6)烷醇、(C1-C6)烷基酮、(C1-C6)烷基醚或任意其它合适的无水溶剂(如果需要,以共沸混合物形式从已经溶解于溶剂的晶体中驱逐存在的水),然后让B型晶体从溶液中结晶。在另一个方案中,干燥方法可以简单地如下进行:在60-120℃加热A型晶体30分钟-24小时,优选加热至少12小时。
差示扫描量热法
用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究A型和B型晶体的固态热学行为。A型和B型晶体的热分析图分别如图9和10所示。这些DSC热分析图由MettlerToledo DSC 821e(STARe System)获得。通常来说,在带有小针孔的卷铝盘(crimped aluminum pans)中制备1-10mg样品。以5℃/分钟的加热速度在30-300℃温度范围内进行测定。
如图9所示,A型柠檬酸盐水合物的起始熔化转变温度约为167-8℃,并伴随分解。事实上,在温度已经达到熔化转变点时,A型晶体的加热导致其脱水,因此变成B型晶体。因此,图9观察到的熔化转变图实际上是从A型起始样品原位形成B型晶体的熔化转变图。如图10所示,当用DSC测定B型柠檬酸盐的实际样品时,观察到的熔化转变起始点约167-8℃,并伴随分解,与A型晶体所观察到的现象是一样的。然而,本领域技术人员会注意到:在DSC测定中,实际测定的起始温度和峰值温度会出现一定程度的变化,其取决于加热速度、结晶形状和纯度以及其它测定参数。
粉末X-光衍射图
应用装有铜辐射(CuKα)、固定缝(1.0、1.0、0.6mm)和Kevex固体探测器的Bruker D5000衍射仪(Bruker AXS,Madison,Wisconisn)收集A和B型柠檬酸盐的粉末X-线衍射图。应用0.04度的间隔和1.0秒的时间间隔从3.0到40.0度的2θ收集数据。
用波长1(1.54056)和波长2(1.54439)以铜阳极测定A型柠檬酸盐的X-光粉末衍射图(相对强度:0.500)。范围2θ在3.0-40.0度之间,以0.04度的梯度、1.00的时间间隔、0.300的光滑宽度和1.0的阈值。
在测量的粉末X-光衍射分析中,衍射角(2θ)的衍射峰如表I所示。然而,相对强度可以随晶体大小和晶体形态而变化。图2显示实际测定的粉末衍射图。
表I.带有衍射线强度和峰定位的A型晶体粉末X-光衍射图
2θ角度 | d值() | I(相对值) | 2θ角度 | d值() | I(相对值) | 2θ角度 | d值() | I(相对值) |
9.7 | 9.1 | 100.0 | 21.1 | 4.2 | 16.9 | 31.9 | 2.8 | 8.7 |
12.8 | 6.9 | 23.1 | 23.4 | 3.8 | 5.6 | 32.5 | 2.8 | 3.9 |
13.1 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 24.1 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 34.0 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
14.6 | 6.1 | 15.6 | 24.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 35.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
16.3 | 5.4 | 2.5 | 25.7 | 3.5 | 10.7 | 35.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
17.7 | 5.0 | 8.1 | 26.1 | 3.4 | 23.1 | 36.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 |
18.4 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 27.3 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 37.8 | 2.4 | 4.7 |
19.3 | 4.6 | 18.4 | 28.0 | 3.2 | 7.5 | 38.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 |
19.7 | 4.5 | 21.8 | 29.1 | 3.1 | 14.9 | 38.9 | 2.3 | 2.9 |
20.0 | 4.4 | 27.7 | 29.5 | 3.0 | 9.3 | 39.5 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
20.5 | 4.3 | 31.4 | 29.8 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 39.8 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
表II列出A型粉末X-光衍射图的2θ、d-间距、相对强度和峰定位。所列出的数据为计算机生成的数据。
表II.A型的粉末X-光衍射的强度和峰位置
2θ角度 | d值() | I(相对值) |
9.7 | 9.1 | 100.0 |
12.8 | 6.9 | 23.1 |
14.6 | 6.1 | 15.6 |
19.7 | 4.5 | 21.8 |
20.0 | 4.4 | 27.7 |
20.5 | 4.3 | 31.4 |
26.1 | 3.4 | 23.1 |
29.1 | 3.1 | 14.9 |
以与测定A型同样的设备和同样的参数,测定B型柠檬酸盐的X-光粉末衍射图。在测量的B型粉末X-光衍射分析中,衍射角2θ的衍射峰如表III所示。但是,这些相对强度同样可以随晶体大小和形态而变化。实际测定的粉末衍射图如图4所示。
表III.带有衍射线强度和峰定位的B型粉末X-光衍射图
2θ角度 | d值() | I(相对值) | 2θ角度 | d值() | I(相对值) | 2θ角度 | d值() | I(相对值) |
6.4 | 13.7 | 3.9 | 21.2 | 4.2 | 13.1 | 29.6 | 3.0 | 10.8 |
9.9 | 9.0 | 100.0 | 21.6 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 32.0 | 2.8 | 5.4 |
12.9 | 6.8 | 32.1 | 22.2 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 32.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 |
14.6 | 6.1 | 18.5 | 23.4 | 3.8 | 5.2 | 35.3 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
17.7 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 24.0 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 35.6 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
18.4 | 4.8 | 2.7 | 24.6 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 36.7 | 2.4 | 4.0 |
18.6 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 26.1 | 3.4 | 25.6 | 38.2 | 2.4 | 2.8 |
19.5 | 4.6 | 19.1 | 26.6 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 38.4 | 2.3 | 2.8 |
19.7 | 4.5 | 23.7 | 27.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | -39.5 | 2.3 | 4.1 |
20.1 | 4.4 | 19.4 | 28.2 | 3.2 | 4.9 | |||
20.5 | 4.3 | 23.1 | 29.1 | 3.1 | 11.1 |
表IV列出B型粉末X-光衍射图的2θ、d-间距、相对强度和峰定位。所列出的数据为计算机生成的数据。
表IV.B型的粉末X-光衍射强度和峰位置
2θ角度 | d值() | I(相对值) |
9.9 | 9.0 | 100.0 |
12.9 | 6.8 | 32.1 |
14.6 | 6.1 | 18.5 |
19.7 | 4.5 | 23.7 |
20.5 | 4.3 | 23.1 |
26.1 | 3.4 | 25.6 |
如图5所示,A型柠檬酸盐水合物在B型无水或几乎无水假同晶上的叠加图显示X-光粉末衍射峰存在一些位移。
单晶X-光分析
获取A型柠檬酸盐水合物的单晶,用X-光衍射进行研究。研究其代表性晶体,在Siemens R4RA/v衍射仪上收集1数据集(最大sinθ/λ=0.5)。从《the International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography)》(Birmingham:KynochPress,1974)第IV卷第55、99和149页获取原子散射因子。根据从单晶获取的数据,计算出A型的粉末X-光衍射图,将其与实际测定的衍射图进行比较。
应用直接法解析结构。室温下收集单晶X-光数据。所有结晶学计算和分子显示均借助于SHELXTLTM计算机程序库(SHELXTLTM ReferenceManual,Version 5.1,Bruker AXS,Madison,WI 1997)。在下列表V中总结出有关的晶体、数据收集和处理。
用直接方法获取试用结构,然后按常规方法处理。只要有可能就计算氢位置。差异图(difference map)显示有一个羧基(C11×、O12×、O13×)稍微杂乱。试图对此杂乱进行调整的努力证明是失败的(10%群体)。应用比通常热参数大的参数调整该杂乱。通过差值傅里叶技术定位氧原子和氮原子上的氢原子。把氢参数添加到结构因子计算但不进行处理。在最小二乘方处理中计算出的位移均小于相应标准偏差的0.1。最终R-指数为5.31%。最终差值傅里叶不显示电子密度的消失和错位。应用SHELXTL制图软件包画出解析的结构,如图8所示。
表VI列出了A型晶体的原子坐标(×104)和等价的的各向同性移位参数(2×103)。表VII列出了A型的观察键长[]和键角[°]。表VIII列出了A型晶体的各向异性移位参数(2×103)以便计算各向异性移位因子指数,其形式为:-2π2[h2a*2U11+...+2hka*b*U12]。最后,下列表IX列出了氢坐标(×104)和各向同性移位参数(2×103)。
表V A型柠檬酸盐水合物的晶体结构数据和测定参数
参数 A型柠檬酸盐水合物
晶系 三斜
空间群 P-1
晶体大小mm 0.08×0.30×0.22
X-光代码 F613
a 7.537
b 9.687
c 14.100
α 99.61°
γ 106.87°
β 96.17°
体积 957.973
计算出的密度ρ 1.461g/cm3
温度 293(2)K
波长 1.54178
Z 2
吸收系数 0.976mm-1
F(000) 444
反射收集 2174
独立反射 1976[R(int)=0.0185]
处理方法 F2满矩阵最小二乘法
数据/restraints/参数 1976/0/293
F2上的拟合优度 0.966
最终R指数[I>2δ(I)] R1=0.0531,wR2=0.1481
消光系数 0.0165(18)
最大衍射峰和孔 0.795和-0.271e-3
实验式 C13H14N3+C6H7O7 -·H2O
分子量 421.40
表VI.上述柠檬酸盐水合物的原子坐标(×104)和等价各向同性
移位参数(2×103)(U(eq)定义为正交Uij张量的1/3)
x y z U(eq)
N(1) -8404(4) 4318(3) -418(2) 33(1)
C(2) -9266(5) 2945(5) -858(3) 41(1)
C(3) -8934(6) 1752(4) -507(3) 45(1)
N(4) -7745(5) 1936(3) 290(2) 40(1)
C(5) -6864(5) 3358(4) 782(2) 28(1)
C(6) -7201(5) 4558(4) 434(2) 26(1)
C(7) -6353(5) 6019(4) 976(2) 29(1)
C(8) -5211(5) 6231(4) 1847(2) 25(1)
C(9) -4828(5) 5031(4) 2183(2) 25(1)
C(10) -5620(5) 3616(4) 1670(2) 28(1)
C(11) -3572(5) 5628(4) 3164(2) 27(1)
C(12) -4750(5) 5657(4) 3971(2) 29(1)
N(13) -6197(4) 6404(3) 3759(2) 28(1)
C(14) -5513(5) 7795(4) 3378(3) 34(1)
C(15) -4247(5) 7616(4) 2623(2) 30(1)
C(16) -2591(5) 7222(4) 3104(3) 34(1)
C(1X) -2081(5) 2449(4) 3907(3) 24(1)
O(2X) -1981(3) 3429(3) 4623(2) 37(1)
O(3X) -3539(3) 1462(3) 3460(2) 51(1)
C(4X) -229(4) 2424(3) 3550(2) 21(1)
C(5X) -370(5) 2339(4) 2450(2) 30(1)
C(6X) -477(5) 3684(4) 2067(3) 27(1)
O(7X) 300(4) 4957(3) 2486(2) 39(1)
O(8X) -1452(4) 3334(3) 1187(2) 44(1)
O(9X) 1258(3) 3667(2) 4078(2) 27(1)
C(10X) 135(4) 1017(4) 3789(3) 28(1)
C(11X) 1930(6) 822(4) 3496(3) 38(1)
O(12X) 3425(4) 1479(3) 4100(2) 60(1)
O(13X) 1900(4) 76(4) 2690(3) 72(1)
O(1W) -14195(10) 347(6) -1062(5) 133(2)
表VII.A型柠檬酸盐水合物的观察键长()和键角[°]
键长
N(1)-C(2) 1.308(5) N(13)-C(14) 1.506(5)
N(1)-C(6) 1.366(4) C(14)-C(15) 1.525(5)
C(2)-C(3) 1.406(6) C(15)-C(16) 1.531(5)
C(3)-N(4) 1.313(5) C(1X)-O(2X) 1.244(4)
N(4)-C(5) 1.368(4) C(1X)-O(3X) 1.248(4)
C(5)-C(6) 1.412(5) C(1X)-C(4X) 1.540(5)
C(5)-C(10) 1.419(5) C(4X)-O(9X) 1.414(4)
C(6)-C(7) 1.415(5) C(4X)-C(5X) 1.529(5)
C(7)-C(8) 1.370(5) C(4X)-C(10X) 1.549(5)
C(8)-C(9) 1.417(5) C(5X)-C(6X) 1.511(5)
C(8)-C(15) 1.516(5) C(6X)-O(7X) 1.215(4)
C(9)-C(10) 1.364(5) C(6X)-O(8X) 1.309(4)
C(9)-C(11) 1.509(5) C(10X)-C(11X) 1.510(5)
C(11)-C(12) 1.519(5) C(11X)-O(13X) 1.236(5)
C(11)-C(16) 1.527(5) C(11X)-O(12X) 1.263(5)
C(12)-N(13) 1.505(5)
键角
C(2)-N(1)-C(6) 117.2(3) C(12)-N(13)-C(14) 115.6(3)
N(1)-C(2)-C(3) 122.4(3) N(13)-C(14)-C(15) 111.0(3)
N(4)-C(3)-C(2) 122.3(4) C(8)-C(15)-C(14) 110.2(3)
C(3)-N(4)-C(5) 116.5(3) C(8)-C(15)-C(16) 101.2(3)
N(4)-C(5)-C(6) 121.3(3) C(14)-C(15)-C(16) 108.2(3)
N(4)-C(5)-C(10) 118,8(3) C(11)-C(16)-C(15) 100.4(3)
C(6)-C(5)-C(10) 119.9(3) O(2X)-C(1X)-O(3X) 126.2(3)
N(1)-C(6)-C(5) 120.2(3) O(2X)-C(1X)-C(4X) 117.1(3)
N(1)-C(6)-C(7) 119.1(3) O(3X)-C(1X)-C(4X) 116.6(3)
C(5)-C(6)-C(7) 120.6(3) O(9X)-C(4X)-C(5X) 111.5(3)
C(8)-C(7)-C(6) 118.2(3) O(9X)-C(4X)-C(1X) 109.7(3)
C(7)-C(8)-C(9) 121.2(3) C(5X)-C(4X)-C(1X) 112.0(3)
C(7)-C(8)-C(15) 130.8(3) O(9X)-C(4X)-C(10X) 106.5(3)
C(9)-C(8)-C(15) 107.9(3) C(5X)-C(4X)-C(10X) 109.1(3)
C(10)-C(9)-C(8) 121.6(3) C(1X)-C(4X)-C(10X) 105.8(3)
C(10)-C(9)-C(11) 130.4(3) C(6X)-C(5X)-C(4X) 118.1(3)
C(8)-C(9)-C(11) 108.0(3) O(7X)-C(6X)-O(8X) 122.2(3)
C(9)-C(10)-C(5) 118.4(3) O(7X)-C(6X)-C(5X) 125.6(3)
C(9)-C(11)-C(12) 110.2(3) O(8X)-C(6X)-C(5X) 112.1(3)
C(9)-C(11)-C(16) 101.9(3) C(11X)-C(10X)-C(4X) 113.1(3)
C(12)-C(11)-C(16) 107.8(3) O(13X)-C(1 1X)-O(12X) 123.0(4)
N(13)-C(12)-C(11) 110.8(3) O(13X)-C(11X)-C(10X) 120.1(4)
O(12X)-C(11X)-C(10X) 116.8(4)
表VIII.A型柠檬酸盐水合物的各项同性移位参数(2×103)(各项
同姓移位因子指数形式为:-2π2[h2a*2U11+...+2hka*b*U12])
U11 U22 U33 U23 U13 U12
N(1) 33(2) 42(2) 22(2) 5(2) 5(2) 11(2)
C(2) 38(2) 55(3) 25(2) 4(2) 5(2) 12(2)
C(3) 52(3) 36(3) 34(3) -5(2) 1(2) 5(2)
N(4) 48(2) 31(2) 34(2) -1(2) 4(2) 8(2)
C(5) 30(2) 26(2) 28(2) 2(2) 10(2) 9(2)
C(6) 26(2) 33(2) 19(2) 7(2) 7(2) 9(2)
C(7) 34(2) 32(2) 27(2) 12(2) 8(2) 14(2)
C(8) 29(2) 25(2) 25(2) 8(2) 8(2) 8(2)
C(9) 24(2) 30(2) 23(2) 7(2) 9(2) 10(2)
C(10) 32(2) 28(2) 30(2) 9(2) 8(2) 14(2)
C(11) 24(2) 31(2) 27(2) 8(2) 3(2) 9(2)
C(12) 26(2) 31(2) 26(2) 10(2) 2(2) 4(2)
N(13) 27(2) 28(2) 27(2) 4(1) 7(1) 5(1)
C(14) 42(2) 27(2) 31(2) 1(2) 3(2) 11(2)
C(15) 35(2) 25(2) 28(2) 9(2) 3(2) 3(2)
C(16) 27(2) 38(2) 33(2) 13(2) 8(2) 2(2)
C(1X) 18(2) 22(2) 32(2) 6(2) 4(2) 5(2)
O(2X) 33(2) 37(2) 38(2) -3(1) 14(1) 6(1)
O(3X) 19(2) 48(2) 74(2) -14(2) 8(1) 7(1)
C(4X) 18(2) 17(2) 26(2) 2(2) 1(2) 2(2)
C(5X) 35(2) 28(2) 28(2) 4(2) 6(2) 12(2)
C(6X) 21(2) 35(3) 28(2) 6(2) 6(2) 11(2)
O(7X) 47(2) 28(2) 39(2) 8(1) -5(1) 10(1)
O(8X) 52(2) 44(2) 30(2) 7(1) -10(1) 12(1)
O(9X) 21(1) 24(1) 31(1) 3(1) 3(1) 2(1)
C(10X) 19(2) 31(2) 39(2) 12(2) 7(2) 11(2)
C(11X) 40(3) 23(2) 47(3) -1(2) -6(2) 16(2)
O(12X) 35(2) 70(2) 63(2) -18(2) 1(2) 20(2)
O(13X) 59(2) 88(3) 66(2) -16(2) -3(2) 42(2)
O(1W) 189(6) 85(3) 150(5) 43(3) 45(4) 66(4)
表IX A型柠檬酸盐水合物的氢坐标(×104)和各项同性移位参数(2×103)
x y z U(eq)
H(2) -10131 2752 -1425 80
H(3) -9580 798 -852 80
H(7) -6566 6813 747 80
H(10) -5353 2838 1896 80
H(11) -2677 5086 3266 80
H(12A) -5374 4655 4032 80
H(12B) -3939 6179 4586 60
H(13X) -7310(70) 5730(60) 3290(40) 80
H(13Y) -6630(70) 6680(60) 4340(40) 80
H(14A) -4821 8605 3915 80
H(14B) -6582 8031 3084 80
H(15) -3834 8494 2343 80
H(16A) -1613 7289 2703 80
H(168) -2059 7843 3745 80
H(5XA) 713 2097 2249 80
H(5XB) -1476 1523 2130 80
H(8XX) -1460(70) 4290(60) 920(40) 80
H(9XX) 720(70) 4240(60) 4480(40) 80
H(10A) 193 1062 4485 80
H(10B) -913 162 3456 80
H(12C) 4560(70) 1360(50) 3770(40) 80
H(1WX) -13520(70) 710(60) -270(40) 80
H(1WY) -14530(80) -450(60) -920(40) 80
应用SHELXTLTM计算机程序库提供的XFOG和XPOW计算机程序,根据A型柠檬酸盐水合物获取的单晶数据,计算出粉末X-光衍射图。A型的计算粉末图如图1所示。把观察的A型粉末图与计算图相比,其结果显示于图3的叠加粉末X-光衍射图中。该图下方图相当于计算粉末图(从单晶结果计算得到),上方图相当于代表性的实验粉末图。两个图之间总体相互匹配的结果表明:粉末样品和相应的单晶结构是一致的。
固态NMR
应用固态NMR技术表征A型柠檬酸盐水合物和B型的无水或几乎无水型晶体。对各种晶体,把大约300mg样品紧紧地充填于7mm ZrO自旋器中。在295K温度下,应用位于宽孔Bruker Avance DRX 500MHz NMR光谱仪的Bruker 7mmWB MAS探针收集13C NMR谱。让样品在7kHz处自旋。把交叉极化接触时间设置在1ms。在约30分钟获取时间内对太多数样品获得总共512次扫描。应用金刚烷作为外标,最高场的甲基信号设置于29.5ppm处,得到光谱。
A型和B型晶体的13C NMR CPMAS光谱分别如图6和图7所示。从固态光谱性质,所示柠檬酸盐多晶形物样品的表现非常合理。它们的分辩率良好,灵敏度也可以接受。所有化合物的光谱性质各自显著不同,这表明:固态NMR能够容易区分样品之间的微小物理/化学性质区别。所有标有星号(*)的峰均在图6和图7中为边带自旋。这种自旋边带位于实际峰(中心带)两侧的多重自旋频率。自旋速度设置为7kHz,其在500MHz转换成55.7ppm。边带强度取决于自旋速度(速度越高,边带强度越低)和各向异性对给定碳原子化学位移贡献的大小。应用变动自旋速度实验能够容易地从将它们与中心带区分开。羰基和芳香碳原子容易具有强的边带,因为它们具有较大的化学位移各向异性。CH和CH2型碳原子产生相对小的自旋边带,甲基(CH3)通常不产生任何边带。
A型和B型5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐的固态碳谱的主要共振峰如表X所示。
表X A和B型5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六
-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐的主要固态13NMR共振峰
(仅仅列出从100ppm开始的低场)(以金刚烷29.5ppm为标准)
A型13C(ppm)固态 | B型13C(ppm)固态 |
179.8 | 180.0 |
174.8 | 175.2 |
173.7 | 173.1 |
145.9 | 142.0 |
141.8 | 139.5 |
124.1 | 126.1 |
120.9 | 119.4 |
本发明的柠檬酸盐(下文称“活性盐”)的给药方式包括:口服、经皮(例如应用贴剂)、经鼻、舌下、直肠、胃肠外或局部给药。优选经皮给药和口服给药。最希望地,所述活性盐的给药剂量为约0.01mg-约1500mg/天、优选约0.1-约300mg/天,分一次或多次给药,虽然必要时可以作出变化,其取决于所治疗患者的体重和健康状况以及所选择的具体给药途径。然而,最希望应用约0.001-约10mg/kg体重/天的剂量。然而,剂量也可以变化,其取决于所治疗患者的体重和健康状况、各自对所述药物的反应、所选择的药物制剂类型、给药持续时间和给药间隔。在某些情况下,应用低于上述范围下限的剂量可能高于足够量,而在另一些情况下,可以应用更大的剂量而不产生任何毒副作用,条件是:在全天给药过程中,首先把这些较大剂量分成若干小剂量。
这些活性盐可以单独给药,也可以与可药用载体或稀释剂联合按照前述任意的数种途径给药。更具体地说,可按照多种不同剂型给药这些活性盐,例如,这些活性盐可以与各种可药用惰性载体联合制备成片剂、胶囊、经皮贴剂、锭剂(lozenges)、锭剂(troches)、硬糖果、粉剂、喷雾剂、乳膏、油膏(salves)、栓剂、凝胶(jellies)、凝胶(gels)、糊剂、洗剂、软膏、水悬浮液、注射用溶液、酏剂和糖浆剂等。这些载体包括固态稀释剂或填充剂、无菌水基质和各种非毒性有机溶剂。另外,还可以把口服药物组合物进行合适地加甜和/或矫味。通常来说,活性盐在所述剂型中的含量约5.0%-约70%重量。
对于口服来说,可以应用含有各种赋形剂、各种崩解剂和制粒粘合剂的片剂,其中所述赋形剂的例子为微晶纤维素、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钙、磷酸二钙和甘氨酸;崩解剂的例子为淀粉(优选玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉)、藻酸和某些复合硅酸盐;制粒粘合剂的例子为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖、明胶和阿拉伯胶。另外,也可以为压片目的应用润滑剂例如(硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠和滑石粉)。在明胶胶囊中还可以应用类似类型的固体组合物作为填充剂;在这方面优选的材料包括蔗糖或乳糖(milk sugar)、以及高分子量聚乙二醇。当水悬浮液和/或酏剂用于口服时,活性成分还可以结合各种甜味剂或矫味剂和着色物质,如果需要,还可以结合乳化剂和/或悬浮剂、和稀释剂例如水、乙醇、丙二醇、甘油和它们的各种组合。
对于胃肠外给药,可以应用活性盐在芝麻油或花生油或丙二醇水溶液中的溶液。所述水溶液应该合适地进行缓冲(优选pH大于8),如果需要,首先把液体稀释剂变成等渗状态。这些水溶液还适合静脉注射。所述油溶液适合关节内、肌肉内和皮下注射给药。所有这些无菌条件下的溶液的制备容易通过所属技术领域技术人员公知的标准制药技术完成。
也可以把该活性盐以局部方式给药,其可以通过乳膏、贴剂、凝胶(jellies)、凝胶(gels)、糊剂(pastes)和软膏等剂型以标准药物规范完成。
实施例
下列实施例举例说明本发明的方法和化合物。然而,应该理解本发明不限于这些具体实施例。
实施例1
5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐水合物(A型)
往200ml反应器中添加5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯游离碱(9g;0.047mol)、2-丙醇(90ml,10ml/g)和水(4.5ml,0.5ml/g)。把混合物温热至50-55℃得到溶液。过滤该混合物以除去其中存在的任何微粒和纤维。用澄清的柠檬酸(11.5g,0.0598mol,1.4当量)溶解于水(18ml)和2-丙醇(18ml)中的溶液处理上述澄清溶液约5-15分钟。在50-55℃下搅拌该混合物约1小时使出现结晶。将该结晶浆液冷却至0-5℃约1小时,把最终的浆状液搅拌约1小时。过滤分离产物,用2-丙醇(18ml)洗涤,在20-30℃下真空干燥24小时。用粉末X-光衍射证实为A型晶体。
实施例2
5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐多晶形物(B型)
两次(using two passes)喷雾粉碎实施例1得到的A型柠檬酸盐水合物,45℃真空干燥1小时以下。降低A型柠檬酸盐水合物的粒子大小得到B型晶体,其通过粉末X-光衍射得到证实。
Claims (15)
1、5,8,14-三氮杂四环[10.3.1.02,11u.04,9]-十六-2(11),3,5,7,9-五烯的柠檬酸盐。
2、权利要求1的化合物,其为水合物,含水量为1-5%重量。
3、权利要求2的化合物,其X-光衍射图的主要特征为:用铜辐射测定在2θ角约为9.7处有X-光衍射峰。
4、权利要求2的化合物,其X-光衍射图的主要特征为:用铜辐射测定以2θ和d-间距表达的粉末X-光衍射图具有下列主要峰:
2θ角度
d值()
9.7
9.1
12.8
6.9
14.6
6.1
19.7
4.5
20.0
4.4
20.5
4.3
26.1
3.4
29.1
3.1
5、权利要求2的化合物,其特征在于:其起始熔化/分解转变点为167-8℃。
6、权利要求2的化合物,其特征在于:通过固态13C NMR交叉极化幻角自旋技术检测,其显示179.8、145.9和124.1的主要共振峰。
7、权利要求2的化合物,其特征在于:通过固态13C NMR交叉极化幻角自旋技术检测,其显示179.8、174.8、173.7、145.9、141.8、124.1和120.9的主要共振峰。
8、权利要求1的化合物,其中晶体的含水量为0-1%。
9、权利要求8的化合物,其X-光衍射图的主要特征为:用铜辐射测定在2θ角约为9.9处有X-光衍射峰。
10、权利要求8的化合物,其X-光衍射图的主要特征为:用铜辐射测定以2θ和d-间距表达的粉末X-光衍射图具有下列主要峰:
2θ角度
d值()
9.9
9.0
12.9
6.8
14.6
6.1
19.7
4.5
20.5
4.3
26.1
3.4
11、权利要求8的化合物,其特征在于其起始熔化/分解转变点为167-8℃。
12、权利要求9的化合物,其特征在于:通过固态13C NMR检测,其显示180.0、175.2、173.1、126.1和119.4的主要共振峰。
13、药物组合物,含有权利要求1、2、3、8或9任意一项的化合物和可药用载体。
14、权利要求1、2、3、8或9的化合物在制备药物中的应用,所述药物用于治疗下列疾病:炎性肠疾病,溃疡性结肠炎,坏疽性脓皮病,克罗恩氏病,过敏性肠综合症,痉挛性张力障碍,慢性疼痛,急性疼痛,腹泻,囊炎,血管收缩,焦虑,恐慌症,抑郁症,双相性精神障碍,孤独症,睡眠障碍,时差反应,肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS),认知机能障碍,起因于酒精、巴比妥类药物、维生素缺乏、消遣性药物、铅、砷、汞的药物/毒素-诱发认知损伤,起因于阿尔茨海默氏病、老年性痴呆、血管性痴呆、帕金森氏病、多发性硬化症、AIDS、(大)脑炎、创伤、肾性脑病和肝性脑病、甲状腺机能减退、皮克氏病、科尔萨科夫氏综合症、frontal痴呆或皮层下痴呆的疾病诱发认知损伤,高血压,食欲过盛,厌食症,肥胖症,心律失常,胃酸分泌过多,溃疡,嗜铬细胞瘤,进行性核上麻痹,对尼古丁、烟草产品、酒精、苯并二氮卓类、巴比妥类、类阿片或可卡因的化学品依赖和成瘾,头痛,偏头痛,中风,外伤性脑损伤(TBI),强迫观念与行为性疾病(OCD),精神病,亨廷顿氏舞蹈病,迟发性运动障碍,运动机能亢进,诵读困难,精神分裂症,多发性硬化性痴呆,年龄相关性认知衰退,癫痫症,包括小发作缺乏癫痫症,注意力缺陷机能亢进障碍(ADHD),图雷特氏综合症。
15、权利要求1、2、3、8或9的化合物在制备药物中的应用,所述药物用于治疗哺乳动物的尼古丁依赖、成瘾和脱瘾。
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MXPA05012507A (es) * | 2003-05-20 | 2006-01-30 | Pfizer Prod Inc | Composiciones farmaceuticas de vareniclina. |
US20050043407A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-02-24 | Pfizer Inc | Pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of addiction in a mammal |
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US8440825B2 (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2013-05-14 | Medichem S.A. | Fumaric acid salt of varenicline |
CA2709774C (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2012-10-02 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Varenicline tosylate, an intermediate in the preparation process of varenicline l-tartrate |
US20090318460A1 (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2009-12-24 | Glenmark | Amorphous varenicline tartrate and process for the preparation thereof |
US20090318695A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-24 | Vinod Kumar Kansal | Processes for the preparation of varenicline and intermediates thereof |
WO2010005643A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Processes for purifying varenicline l-tartrate salt and preparing crystalline forms of varenicline l-tartrate salt |
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US20100189788A1 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Delayed release rasagiline base formulation |
CA2801842A1 (en) | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Actavis Group Ptc Ehf | Amorphous varenicline tartrate co-precipitates |
EP2438054A1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2012-04-11 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Solid states forms of varenicline salts and processes for preparation thereof |
WO2011140431A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2011-11-10 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Varenicline salts and crystal forms thereof |
WO2018154395A2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2018-08-30 | Alvogen Malta Operations (Row) Ltd | Controlled release pharmaceutical composition of varenicline |
EP3756653A1 (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-30 | Alfred E. Tiefenbacher (GmbH & Co. KG) | Microparticulate varenicline citrate |
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