CN1508006A - 压花的多层纸的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明披露了一种压花多层纸产品和所述多层纸产品的制备方法;所述多层纸产品具有美学上令人愉快的装饰特征并显示出柔软性、吸收性和布质性能的功能特性。就更为柔软、更好的绗缝外观而言,装饰特征包括:显示高质量布状外观的标记图案。各层借助选择性粘结以面对面的排列连接在一起,选择性粘结局限于标记,以便产生更多永久性装饰图案,这将抑制由压缩力、湿度,吸收性等造成的消耗。
Description
本申请是1999年7月23日提交的、申请号为99813481.3、题目为“压花的多层薄页纸及其制备方法”的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及多层纤维素纤维结构,特别是压花的多层纤维素纤维结构以及所述结构的制备方法。
背景技术
纤维素纤维结构是日常生活用品。纤维素纤维结构被用作毛巾纸,卫生纸,搽面纸,餐巾纸等的消费品。对所述纸产品的大量需求产生了对所述产品的改进形式及其制备方法的需求。
多层纤维素纤维结构在消费品领域中是众所周知的。所述产品是具有多于一层、通常为两层面对面叠加以形成层压材料的纤维素纤维结构。本领域已知的是,为了美观而对包含多层薄页纸的纸页进行压花,并且在使用期间使各层保持面对面关系。此外,压花能够增加层的表面积,借此将增加其松厚性和持水能力。
在压花过程中,各层将通过在并置的轴向平行的辊之间形成的压区。在这些辊上的压花球形突出物将各层的相同区域压入啮合中并与相对层呈接触关系。各层的压榨区将产生美学图案并给连接和保持各层呈面对面的接触关系提供手段。
压花通常借助两种方法的一种,即球形突出物对球形突出物压花或嵌套压花。球形突出物对球形突出物压花由并置的轴向平行的辊组成,以便在相对辊上的球形突出物之间形成压区。嵌套压花由在另一辊的压花球形突出物之间啮合的一辊的压花球形突出物组成。球形突出物对球形突出物压花和嵌套压花的例子描述于如下现有技术中:US3,414,459(1968年12月3日授权于Wells并且是普通转让的);US3,547,723(1970年12月15日授权于Gresham);US3,556,907(1971年1月19日授权于Nystrand);US3,708,366(1973年1月2日授权于Donnelly);US3,738,905(1973年6月12日授权于Thomas);US3,867,225(1975年2月18日授权于Nystrand)和US4,483,728(1984年11月20日授权于Bauernfeind)。
球形突出物对球形突出物压花将产生由枕区组成的纤维素纤维结构,所述枕区将增加产品的厚度。然而,由于缺乏支承,在加压下枕区有塌陷的趋势。因此,在余下的转换操作和随后的包装期间,厚度益处通常将丧失,减少了压花所追求的绗缝外观。
业已证明,嵌套压花是生产具有更为柔软、更好绗缝外观的产品的优选方法,所述外观在包括包装等的整个余下转换加工中均能保持。利用嵌套压花,一层具有凸图案,而另一层有凹图案。当两层运行通过压花辊的压区时,这些图案将啮合在一起。嵌套压花使凸压花辊上的球形突出顶部与凹压花辊上的低区域对准。结果是,在一层上产生的压花位置将给另一层上的压花位置提供支承。
由于嵌套压花辊上的球形突出物不接触,因此,在嵌套压花辊之间的压区处的层压点通常被消除。这要求增加接合辊,以便给层压施加压力。通常的接合辊是实心的,这将导致每个潜在的层压位置均产生层合,如US3,867,225(1975年2月18日授权于Nystrand)中所述。
将嵌套压花辊设计成:一辊上的球形突出物与提供层压位置的另一压花辊的周边接触,借此,可以消除对接合辊的需求。所述的嵌套压花排列示于US5,468,323(1995年11月21日授权于McNeil)中。借助使涂胶辊与每个压花辊一起使用,在每个压花位置处提供粘合剂连接,这种排列还给层之间的粘结强度的改善提供了一种手段。
具有压花纤维素纤维结构的产品的消费者测试已确定,更为柔软、绗缝更好的外观是人们所希望的。消费者希望这样的产品:具有相对高的厚度,带有美学上令人愉快的装饰图案;显示出高质量的布状外观。这些特征必须在不损害产品的其它希望质量下提供,所述其它希望质量如柔软度,吸收性,布质性能(柔软性)和层间粘结强度。
为生产出具有优异功能性以及美学上令人愉快装饰质量的纸产品,现有技术中已进行了各种尝试。本发明提供一种压花的多层薄页纸,其中压花图案包括多个含美学上令人愉快的装饰图像的标记。在层间的粘结局限于压花的标记。
对于本发明,借助粘合剂或高压压花,多层在所有标记处或少于所有标记处选择性地粘结。高压压花选择性的标记将防止在使用期间多层产品的分离并产生玻璃纸外观,这将改善产品的装饰性。
发明内容
本发明包含其中压花图案包括多个标记的压花的多层薄页纸产品。所述标记包含一种或多种美学上令人愉快的装饰图像。薄页纸的多层以面对面的关系进行选择性粘结,从而防止在使用期间的分离,并提供具有改善布质性能的柔软产品。在一实施方案中,借助对提供玻璃纸外观的选择性标记进行高压压花而对各层进行选择性地粘结,这将增强产品的装饰性。在另一实施方案中,多个标记布置在由若干排压花元素组成的单元格子内。
本发明还包括所述多层纤维素结构的制备方法。所述方法包括提供第一层压花设备和第二层压花设备的步骤,其中,所述第一层和第二层压花设备包含:轴向平行于图案辊的、并置的加压辊,以便在它们之间形成压区。每个图案辊包含多个由周边突出的径向取向的压花球形突出物。在至少一个图案辊上的压花球形突出物形成多个包含装饰图像的标记。第一和第二层薄页纸插在第一和第二层压花设备的压区之间,以致使压花图案压在其上。随后,所述第一层和所述第二层以面对面的关系连接并选择性地进行粘结。
在一实施方案中,所述方法包括:提供与两个图案辊之一轴向平行的、并置的钢砧辊而选择性地粘结两层的手段,所述两辊通过高压压花将两层选择性地粘结。
附图说明
根据下面的说明、所附的权利要求书以及附图,本发明的这些和其它的特征、方面和优点将变得更易理解,其中:
图1是用来使本发明的两层进行嵌套压花和粘合剂粘结的装置的简略侧视图。
图2是示于图1中的两个图案辊之间形成的压区的侧视图。
图3是采用本发明的高压压花,用来使两层进行嵌套压花和粘结的装置的简略侧视图。
图4是示于图3中的图案辊和钢砧辊之间形成的高压压花压区的侧视图。
图5是本发明压花的多层纸产品的局部垂直截面图。
图6a是线性花形标记和心形标记的平面图。
图6b是包含锯齿图案的、在图6a中示出的标记的平面图。
图7a是示出以对角图案排列的花形标记的第一层的平面图。
图7b是示出以对角图案排列的花形和心形标记的第一层的平面图。
图8a是显示第一层上格子压花图案的、多层纸产品的局部平面图。
图8b是显示第二层上格子压花图案的、多层纸产品的局部平面图。
图8c是显示嵌在图8b中阐明的第二层压花图案内的于图8a中阐明的第一层压花图案的、多层纸产品的局部平面图。
图9是显示相对于CD和MD偏斜的尖点(apices)和顶点(vertices)的格子压花图案的局部平面图。
图10是显示压花单元格子的第一层的平面图,所述单元格子中分布有花形标记。
具体实施方式
定义
在本发明中使用的下列术语具有下列的含义:
“机器方向”,标记为MD,是平行于通过造纸设备的纸张流动方向的方向。
“横跨机器方向”,标记为CD,是垂直于X-Y平面内机器方向的方向。
“压花”指的是一个过程,即,使垂直于其平面的相对小部分的纤维素纤维结构挠曲并使该纤维结构的突出部分对着相对硬的表面压紧,从而永久地破坏纤维与纤维间的键。
“压区”是连接两个平行轴中心的加载平面。
“非随机的”指的是可预测的分布并可以作为制备方法的已知和预定的特征来进行。
“重复”指的是图案多于一次地形成。
“不连续的”意指相邻压花位置是不邻接的。
“基本上连续的”指的是:在纤维结构的一个或两个主要方向上,基本上沿整个纤维结构延伸的区域。
“锯齿压花元素”是形成锯齿和城齿的压花元素,以致使压花元素侧将类似于具有间隔开的投影的城墙的顶部,它们是城齿和为锯齿的在城齿之间的凹陷。
“标记”是显示装饰性方面的区别标记。
“格子”是小的交错的对角线或曲折段或角形物的图案。
“单元”是包含一组单独附件的二维排列的单元。
说明书包含:(1)本发明压花层压体系和(2)本发明最终纸产品的详细说明。
(1)
压花/层压设备
图1阐明的是:用来制备用于消费纸产品的纤维素纤维结构的压花和层压体系。所述体系进行了现有技术中称之为嵌套压花的过程。在嵌套压花中,两层20和22在配对的加压辊30和32之间以及配对的图案辊34和36之间进行压花。加压辊30和32以及图案辊34和36轴平行地并置,从而形成三个压区,即在第一加压辊30和第一图案辊34之间的第一压区,在第二加压辊32和第二图案辊36之间的第二压区,和在第一图案辊34和第二图案辊36之间的第三压区。尽管本发明同样可应用于所有种类的消费纸产品,如毛巾纸,卫生纸,搽面纸,餐巾纸等,但用来生产多层薄页纸24以及借此生产的多层薄页纸24的压花过程代表卫生纸。
图案辊34和36具有径向朝外延伸并在各压区处与各加压辊30或32的周边接触的球形突出物33。连接成最终多层纤维素纤维结构24的各层20或22通过图案辊34或36和各加压辊30或32之间的压区中的一个。每个层20或22在各图案辊34或36的球形突出物33的压区中进行压花。
对于本发明,分布在图案辊34,36中之一或两者上的压花图案包括许多含装饰图像如花形和心形的标记。在另一实施方案中,压花图案包括分布在图案辊34,36之一或两者上的、带标记的单元格子。在另一实施方案中,第一图案辊上的压花图案包括:含n排压花元素的单元格子,所述压花元素形成带分布在其中的标记的单元,而第二图案辊36包括含n+1弓形排压花元素的单元格子。
压花之后,层20或22之一可以有借助粘合剂涂布辊37将其涂布至压花位置26的最后顶部27上的粘合剂。粘合剂涂布辊37可以与层20或22结合使用。在该方法中,粘合剂只施加至层20或22上的压花位置26的顶部27处,这是因为压花位置26的顶部27是层20或22接触粘合剂涂布辊37的唯一部分。对于本发明,粘合剂涂布辊37与两图案辊34,36之一同步,而将粘合剂施加至包含标记的选择性压花位置上,以便将两层之间的粘结局限于标记。
然后,使层20或22通过第一图案辊34和第二图案辊36之间的压区。对两个辊34,36每个上的图案进行排列,以致使在两个辊或之一上的各压花标记与相对层上的非压花区域在两辊34,36之间形成的压区处啮合。对于包含在其上布置n和n+1排压花元素的图案辊,使第一图案辊34上的n排压花元素在压区处嵌在第二图案辊36上n+1排压花元素内。
如图2所示,在每个图案辊34,36上的球形突出物33在不与其接触下接近相邻图案辊的周边31。在该压区中,层20和22以面对面的关系与一层20,22上压花位置26的顶部27并置,所述一层20,22与另一层20,22上非压花区25对齐。
然后,使两层20和22通过与粘合剂涂布辊37相连接的图案辊34和接合辊38之间的压区,从而保证第一层20的压花位置26的顶部连接至第二层22的非压花区25上,所述压花位置具有由粘合剂涂布辊37施加的粘合剂。在图案辊34和接合辊38之间的接触局限于第一层20的压花位置26。
在另一实施方案(未示出)中,可以对图案辊34,36进行设计,以致使每个辊上的球形突出物33接触相对辊的周边,所述相对辊在其之间形成的压区处粘结层20,22,因此无需接合辊38。所述排列披露于普通转让的US5,468,323(1995年11月21日授权于McNeil)中,在此将其引入作为参考。对于这样的排列,粘合剂涂布辊37可以与每个图案辊结合使用,以致使层压位置可以在两个图案辊34,36上的每个球形突出物33处的层间形成。
在另一实施方案中,两层20,22借助高压压花而粘结。如图3所示,粘合剂涂布辊37被消除并且第一图案辊34与代替接合辊38的钢砧辊50配对。在两层通过第一图案辊34和第二图案辊36之间的压区并由此以面对面关系并置之后,使层20,22通过第一图案辊34和钢砧辊50之间的压区。如图4所示,第一图案辊34上的球形突出物33与钢砧辊50上的搭接区域52一起起作用,以便将高的单元压力施加至分布在其间的两层20,22的表面上。钢砧辊上的搭接区域52的大小等于和稍大于其中将发生连接的匹配图案辊34的、与面接球形突出物部分相连接的尺寸。
对于本发明,借助高压压花连接的多层产品在标记处选择性地粘结。对于多于一种标记的薄页纸,选择性粘结可以局限于一种标记,以致使玻璃纸外观还将粘结的标记与非粘结的标记区分开,于是进一步增强了薄页纸的装饰质量。
借助纤维的缠结和将其还原成塑性,高压压花使两层连接。最终的连接显示出了玻璃纸外观,这在美学上是令人愉快的。通过高压压花的连接披露于US3,323,983(1964年9月8日授权于Palmer)中,在此将其引入作为参考。
(2)
压花的纸产品
本发明提供具有柔软性、吸收性和布质性能以及显示出美学上令人愉快的装饰特征的功能特性的薄页纸产品。所述美学上令人愉快的特征包括:显示出高质量布状外观,特别是更为柔软、更好的衍缝外观的标记图案。
对于本发明,在多层薄页纸上的压花图案包括:含装饰图像的标记。各层以面对面的排列关系连接,并且粘结位置局限于标记。在标记处粘结将产生更为永久的装饰图案,这将抑制由压缩力、湿度以及吸收性产生的消耗。此外,通过将粘结位置局限于标记处,将生产出具有改善的布质性能的更为柔软的薄页纸。
参考图5,根据本发明的纤维素纤维结构20包含两个以面对面关系连接的层20和22。层20和22的每一层均有两个不同的区,即基本连续的非压花区域24和通常由此朝外突出优选与其垂直的不连续的压花位置26。应当理解的是,每层20或22可以直接连接至相对的层22或20上,或者可以通过夹在层20和22之间的中间层(未示出)而连接。
对于本发明,压花图案包含多个一种或多种的标记,所述标记以非随机的方式分布在一层或两层中。尽管标记可以包含任何装饰图像,但是对于本发明而言,标记包含花形92和心形94。
标记90可以包含如图6a所示的线性图案,或如图6b所示的锯齿图案。线性图案包含基本连续的压花设计,而锯齿图案包含锯齿状的压花元素。锯齿状的压花元素给纸张基材增加松厚性,并增强压花图案的清晰度和保持性。锯齿装饰图像披露于US5,620,776(1997年4月15日授权于Schulz)中。
在示于图7a中的一个实施方案中,第一层20包含以与MD和CD成对角线方向非随机分布的标记90。所述图案在对角非压花排至对角排之间交替,所述对角排包含非压花区域和具有分布在其中的压花花形标记的区域。
在图7b中示出的另一实施方案中,压花图案包括:含花形92和心形94的两种标记90,所述标记与MD和CD成对角以非随机方式布置。对于该实施方案,在图案中的每个其它对角线排在全部心形标记与交替心形和花形标记的排之间交替。
在两层20,22每一层上的每个压花位置26的远端均朝相对层突出并与相对层的非压花区域25接触。借助提供能抑制由压缩力、湿度以及吸收性引起的相对损耗的更为永久的结构,在压花位置26处各层的粘结将改善薄页纸的外观。取决于方法,两层20,22可以在每个压花位置26处或在选择的不连续位置处进行粘结。
在两层之间存在的粘结位置数量不仅将影响粘结强度,而且将影响产品的柔软度和布质性能。不管层20,22是通过粘合剂连接还是通过高压压花连接,粘结面积越大,薄页纸将越挺硬。挺度将直接影响产品的柔软度和布质性能。因此,优选的是,借助将两层20,22间的粘结区域限制在选择的不连续位置而使粘结面积最小化。
两层20,22可以利用先前所述的方法借助粘合剂粘结或高压压花在选择位置处进行连接。就选择性粘合剂粘结来说,粘合剂涂布辊与配对图案辊上选择的不连续压花位置同步。另外,就选择性高压粘结来说,搭接区域在与相邻图案辊上选择性的不连续压花位置匹配的钢砧辊上形成。搭接区域的大小等于和稍大于希望选择性粘结的图案辊上压花的尺寸。
如前所述,高压压花将产生玻璃纸粘结位置,这将增强薄页纸的装饰质量。因此,就本发明而言,优选的是,通过高压压花形成选择性的粘结位置。特别优选的是,借助高压压花将两层粘结,以致使两层20,22之间的粘结面积为两层20,22之间面接表面积的约2%至约5%。
尽管对于选择性粘结位置,可以选择任何图案的压花元素26,但优选的是,利用最小化的表面积,选择提供适当粘结强度的非随机图案的压花元素。对于本发明,第一层20代表多层薄页纸的外层,在使用期间它通常暴露至消费者。为了进一步增强产品的装饰质量,优选的是,将选择性粘结位置局限于在第一层20上压花的标记90。对于包含多于一种标记的实施方案,如包含花形92和心形94的实施方案,优选的是,将选择性粘结位置局限于在第一层20上压花的一种类型的标记90。
本发明的压花图案可以包括单元格子。图8a描述了在第一层20上压花的单元格子的平面图而图8b描述了在第二层22上压花的单元格子的平面图。尽管两层的每一层上的单元格子由形成尖点62和顶点64的不连续压花元素26的弓形排组成,但单元格子可以包含具有直线形排或S形曲线排压花元素的其它构型。
如图8a和8b所示,第一层20上的单元格子由压花元素26的单弓形排限定,而第二层22上的单元格子由两排67压花元素26限定。在两层20,22以面对面的关系连接在一起之后,第一层上的单弓形排66将嵌在第二层上的二排67内。在图8c中阐明的这种嵌套排列提供更为柔软、更好的绗缝外观。
尽管图8a,8b和8c中描述的两层20,22的单元格子包含:嵌在第二层22双排67单元格子内的第一层20的单排66单元格子,但显而易见的是,其它嵌套格子排列也将提供类似或改进的布状外观。对于本发明,优选的是,将第一层20上的每排66压花元素26嵌在第二层上的二排67压花元素26之间。换句话说,如果第一层20上的单元格子包含n排压花元素26,那么,优选的是,第二层22上的单元格子包含n+1排压花元素26(其中n为整数1,2,3…等)。
对于图8c中阐明的嵌套排列而言,在第一层上形成n排66的各压花元素26能够与在第二层上形成n+1排67的各压花元素26径向对齐或不对齐。此外,对于嵌套排列,在第一层上压花元素26的各排66可与第二层22上压花元素的相邻排67等距或不等距排列。
如图8a和8b所示,组成单元格子的排66沿CD横向、以重复排列的方式分布。格子通常以尖点62和顶点64平行于MD和CD对齐的方式进行排列。在另一实施方案中,单元格子偏离CD方向。如图9所示,对单元进行排列,以致使尖点和顶点以偏离CD方向的角80倾钭。所述倾钭角可以从约4°-约10°。
如先前所述,对于本发明,第一层20代表多层薄页纸的外层,在使用期间它通常暴露给消费者。为了进一步增强产品的装饰质量,如图8a所示,标记90可以非随机、重复的方式布置在第一层20上的单元格子68内。借助限制压花元素26的排数,就所述标记90而言,在第一层20上单元格子内的空间是可得到的。图10示出了以非随机对角图案布置在单元格子内的花形标记。
尽管已阐明并描述了本发明的特定实施方案,但显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下,本领域普通技术人员能够作出各种改变和改进。打算在所附的权利要求书中覆盖落入本发明范围内的所述改变和改进。
Claims (5)
1.一种对两层薄页纸进行压花和粘结的方法,包含如下步骤:
提供第一层压花设备和第二层压花设备,所述第一层和第二层压花设备包含:轴向平行于图案辊的、并置的加压辊,以便在它们之间形成压区,所述的每个辊在其中心均有一轴,所述辊的所述轴限定连接所述轴的中心的加载平面,其中每个所述的图案辊均包含周边和多个从所述周边凸出的径向取向的压花球形突出物;
提供轴向平行于所述第一层图案辊、并置的一砧辊,以便在它们之间形成压区,所述砧辊在其中心具有一轴,所述砧辊和所述第一层图案辊的所述轴限定连接所述轴的中心的第二加载平面;
提供第一层薄页纸和第二层薄页纸,每层薄页纸均有被所述层的厚度分开的相对的第一和第二面;
将第一层薄页纸插在第一层压花设备的压区之间;
将第二层薄页纸插在第二层压花设备的压区之间;
使所述第一和第二层压花设备的辊绕所述轴旋转,借此,使薄页纸的所述第一和所述第二层相对于所述辊传送,以致于所述图案辊的所述压花球形突出物形成多个标记,一个图案辊的所述压花球形突出物将多个第一标记压在所述第一层上,并且另一图案辊的所述压花球形突出物将包含多个第二标记的压花图案压在所述第二层上;
以面对面的关系将所述第一层薄页纸和所述第二层薄页纸组合在一起而形成多层薄页纸,以致于所述多个第一标记和所述多个第二标记以非随机重复的图案排列;
将所述多层薄页纸插在所述砧辊和所述第一层图案辊的压区之间;和
使所述多层薄页纸相对于所述砧辊和所述第一层图案辊传送,从而在所述多层薄页纸的所述第一层和所述第二层之间形成粘结,其中所述第一层和所述第二层以面对面的关系在所述多个第一标记处粘结,而不在所述多个第二标记处粘结。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中,在至少一个所述图案辊上的所述压花球形突出物形成单元格子,所述压花球形突出物将包含单元格子的压花图案压至插在至少一所述第一或所述第二层压花设备的压区之间的所述第一或所述第二层薄页纸上。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述多个标记布置在所述单元格子内。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述多个标记包含两种或多种装饰图案。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述砧辊包含周边,所述周边具有在其上布置的搭接区域,所述搭接区域将影响第一图案辊上的压花球形突出物,其中粘结将在两层之间发生。
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CNB031526063A Expired - Fee Related CN1231347C (zh) | 1998-11-23 | 1999-07-23 | 压花的多层纸的制备方法 |
Family Applications Before (1)
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CNB998134813A Expired - Fee Related CN1159496C (zh) | 1998-11-23 | 1999-07-23 | 压花的多层纸及其制备方法 |
Country Status (14)
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US (2) | US6086715A (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003526394A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20010080495A (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1159496C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR015555A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU4642099A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2351363C (zh) |
CO (1) | CO5100983A1 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG21665A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY115497A (zh) |
NZ (2) | NZ511513A (zh) |
PE (1) | PE20000677A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW438671B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000031342A1 (zh) |
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CN113085276A (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-09 | 坂崎雕刻模具(昆山)有限公司 | 一种用于制作灌胶纸板的压合机构 |
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- 1999-07-23 CN CNB998134813A patent/CN1159496C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1999-07-23 CN CNB031526063A patent/CN1231347C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN113165303A (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-07-23 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | 压花多层片薄页纸产品 |
CN111873556A (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-03 | 邱黎亮 | 一种瓦楞纸纸芯加工设备 |
CN113085276A (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-09 | 坂崎雕刻模具(昆山)有限公司 | 一种用于制作灌胶纸板的压合机构 |
CN113085276B (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-03-14 | 坂崎雕刻模具(昆山)有限公司 | 一种用于制作灌胶纸板的压合机构 |
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CN1159496C (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
US6086715A (en) | 2000-07-11 |
JP2003526394A (ja) | 2003-09-09 |
WO2000031342A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 |
PE20000677A1 (es) | 2000-10-06 |
AR015555A1 (es) | 2001-05-02 |
KR20010080495A (ko) | 2001-08-22 |
CA2351363A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 |
CA2351363C (en) | 2004-09-21 |
CN1326523A (zh) | 2001-12-12 |
MY115497A (en) | 2003-06-30 |
AU4642099A (en) | 2000-06-13 |
US6395133B1 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
EG21665A (en) | 2002-02-27 |
CO5100983A1 (es) | 2001-11-27 |
TW438671B (en) | 2001-06-07 |
NZ511513A (en) | 2003-10-31 |
NZ527941A (en) | 2005-02-25 |
CN1231347C (zh) | 2005-12-14 |
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