CN1500379A - Smooth-skinned, thorn-reduced cucumber cultivation method - Google Patents
Smooth-skinned, thorn-reduced cucumber cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1500379A CN1500379A CNA021448531A CN02144853A CN1500379A CN 1500379 A CN1500379 A CN 1500379A CN A021448531 A CNA021448531 A CN A021448531A CN 02144853 A CN02144853 A CN 02144853A CN 1500379 A CN1500379 A CN 1500379A
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Abstract
The breeding process of cucumber variety with smooth rind and less thorn includes the steps of selecting parents, propagating with parents and hybridizing. The first generation hybrid is bred with selfing line 649 with Northern American blood line as female parent and selfing line 631 with European blood line as male parent. The cucumber variety of the present invention has the features of prematurity, strongly growing vine, smooth and bright greenish black rind, white thorn, greenish, fine and smooth pulp, faint scent, slight sweet, high resistance to frosty mildew and powdery mildew, etc. and is suitable for plantation in Northeast China and North China.
Description
(1), affiliated field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of breeding method of plant variety, specifically a kind of breeding method of cucumber variety.
(2), background technology
Cucumber is one of main in the world vegetable variety, and China's open country and protection ground area under cultivation are very big.The Northeast particularly, the protection ground area under cultivation of cucumber accounts for 50% of the protection ground gross area.Particularly after the China's entry into the WTO, the outlet of vegetables has great advantage.In northern China, most consumers is liked close thorn type cucumber.But because the cucumber epidermis has tangible thorn knurl, be unfavorable for packing and storing, more be not easy to clean, cause residue of pesticide easily.And in the world with the mostly edible stingless knurl cucumber in China south.For the cucumber product that makes China can export to foreign countries more, the while satisfies better and broadens domestic market, and cultivation high-quality, smooth bark, the special-purpose smooth bark type new breeds of cucumbers that is fit to inner wrapping that reaches of few exit of stab wound become the task of top priority.After being operated in the eighties, the cucumber crossbreeding of China obtained significant progress, the new breeds of cucumbers and the combination of first-filial generation advantage of a collection of disease-resistant, high-quality have been cultivated with the do R﹠D institution of representative of Tianjin cucumber, grind series and middle peasant's series as the assorted series in Tianjin, Tianjin spring series, Tianjin major clique row, capital, but these kinds are spinosity knurl kind.Smooth bark type cucumber variety has only Tianjin excellent No. 6, southern hua ' nan-type cucumber kind is not suitable at north, therefore many export bases are planted external smooth bark type cucumber variety mostly, the seed price is very expensive, as 0.9 yuan in every seed of Dutch cucumber variety, be 100 times of domestic cucumber seeds price.Therefore must cultivate the precocity that has independent intellectual property right, disease-resistant, smooth bark type new breeds of cucumbers that high-quality reaches suitable inner wrapping, the import substitution cucumber variety.
(3), summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of persticide residue of being convenient on inner wrapping, transportation, the minimizing cucumber, particularly be suitable in the smooth bark of northern area plantation, breeding method parent system propagation, parent system propagation and the hybrid seeding process of thorn-reduced cucumber variety; With the inbred line " 649 " that contains the North America blood lineage is female parent, and containing the inbred line " 631 " that is of European origin is that male parent is cultivated first generation cross-fertilize seed; The parent system propagation method comprises sowing, field planting, field management, pollination and seed collection, on May, the middle ten days seeding and seedling raising, when calendar seedling age 28-32 days, field planting during 3～4 true leaves of physiology seedling age, the father, maternal field planting respectively, distance isolation 1500m～2000m, the field planting seeding row spacing is 35cm * 60cm, irrigate field planting water, watered one time water behind the slow seedling in per 4～7 days, adopt single climing training, when plant height reaches 25～30cm, in time insert frame, tie up climing, tie up in the whole growing 4～5 times, behind the shelfful according to growth potential pinching, all the other lateral bines are in time extractd, and select the female flower that will open next day in the plant blossom phase, use the thin wire embroider, isolate pollination self, male flower adopts same quadrat method, is strictly on guard against insect pollination, and pollination time is the morning 6～8 o'clock, with thin wire female flower is clipped again after the pollination, and list mark pedigree number and date, after pollination 30～35 days, kind of the melon of gathering, after the kind melon is gathered, select shady and cool place will plant melon and place, collected seed again in after-ripening 5-8 days, take out the seed wooden dipper with cutter longitudinal cutting sugar-preserved gourd, the seed wooden dipper is connected seed band juice to be clamp-oned nonmetallic vessel and makes its fermentation, 25 ℃～30 ℃, stop fermentation after 1～2 day, clean, after drying the moisture content of the surface of the seed then, move to the natural seasoning of shady and cool ventilation place; The first-filial generation producing method for seed: seed farm and other cucumber variety field isolate more than the 1500m at least, father and mother are originally in the alternate plantation of ratio in 2: 4, the limit is male parent entirely around the seed farm, male parent 631 was than maternal 649 early sowing 5 days, when the female parent seedling rough leaf reaches 2.5～3.0 centimetres big or small, the ethrel of a 250ppm concentration of spray, spray 150ppm second time during 3～4 true leaves, in time extract at a small amount of male flower that occur on maternal plant flowering stage, must not miss a male flower on the female parent, fully expand after seat lives, castrate and finish at allocarpy, should draw flowering stage and put honeybee pollination, every 667m
2Can put 1～2 case, under the few situation in honeybee source, should carry out artificial supplementary pollination in flowering stage, the male parent male flower of new opening is got in every morning 6～8 o'clock, remove petal after, on maternal column cap, smear pollination gently.The present invention can also comprise following architectural feature: after 1, the used seed of parent system propagation was soaked seed 6 hours～8 hours earlier, be placed under 26 ℃～28 ℃ conditions and sowing after the vernalization.2, the base manure of being executed during the parent system propagation field planting is every 667m
2Execute the high-quality farmyard manure 2000-2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, composite fertilizer 15-20kg, superphosphate 15-20kg.3, the pollination of first-filial generation is, every 667m
2Can put 1～2 case, under the few situation in honeybee source, should carry out artificial supplementary pollination in flowering stage, the male parent male flower of new opening is got in every morning 6～8 o'clock, remove petal after, on maternal column cap, smear pollination gently.The cucumber variety that adopts method of the present invention to cultivate is precocious cucumber combination, and the plant strain growth gesture is strong, and stem is climing sturdy.Internode is moderate, a little less than the branchiness, and leaf green, medium blade size.First female flower joint position, 3～4 joints, development of floral organs is normal, and setting is good, and joint becomes second nature.The long clavate of fruit, the fruit even thickness, commodity is good, 16cm～18cm, thick 2.0cm～2.5cm, single fruit weight 100～120g.Pericarp is blackish green, smooth surface and glossy, and thorn white, pulp light green color, meat exquisiteness have fragrant, and be little sweet, best in quality.Downy mildew resistance and powdery mildew, adaptability is strong, storage tolerance.Be suitable for China's North, Northeast China regional culture.
(4), specific embodiments
For example the present invention is done more detailed description below:
1. cultivar origin
With " 649 " is female parent, and " 631 " are the half-blood of male parent preparation.
2. concrete selection and step
" 002-61 " is breeding material with the North America improved seeds, utilizes pedigree method, through continuous 6 generations selfing purifying, its offspring is carried out disease resistance, quality and adaptive evaluation to be selected, stablize for selecting proterties at F6, be numbered " 649 ' strain, maternal as hybridization.
" concomber " is breeding material with European kind, utilizes pedigree method, through continuous 5 generations selfing purifying, its offspring is carried out disease resistance, quality and adaptive evaluation to be selected, it is stable to select proterties in F5 generation, is numbered that " 631 ' strain is as the hybridization male parent.
As hybrid strain, the preparing hybrid combination is carried out Analysis of Combining Ability and is measured with 8 good inbred lines of cucumber, therefrom selects good " 649 * 631 " combination of specific combining ability height, economical character performance excellence and commodity and reciprocal cross " 631 * 649 " combination.
Compare with " assorted yellow No. 7 of dragon ", " 649 * 631 " combination called afters " 97-315 " are carried out kind comparison and regional test respectively, carry out the experiment in cultivation of different condition at booth, little shed and open country simultaneously.The result shows: " 97-315 " prematurity is suitable with contrast, and disease resistance is good, and commodity is good, quality better, and the output height, average specific contrast volume increase is more than 15%, and the fruit appearance proterties is fit to peripheral countries such as outlet Russia.
3. seed selection condition
Must possess good inbred line " 649 " and " 631 ".
Have and inoculate disease resistance authenticate technology technology artificial seedling stage.
Inbred line parent propagation technology and hybrid combination preparation technique.
4. hybrid strain source and hybrid combination
The hybrid strain female parent is good, precocious, the good and colory inbred line of disease resistance " 649 " that selects from North America kind " 002-61 ".The hybrid strain male parent is the inbred line of selecting from European kind " concomber " that disease resistance is good, fruit properties is good " 631 ".Hybrid combination is " 649 * 631 ", called after " 97-315 ".
5. each parent's feature during " 97-315 " makes up
Maternal (649): the plant strain growth gesture is extremely strong, a little less than the branchiness, and first female flower joint position, 3～4 joints, joint becomes second nature, and resistance against diseases is strong.About the long 18cm of melon, about the thick 2.5cm in footpath, single melon weighs about 120～150g, and commodity is good.The pericarp bottle green, smooth bark, glossy, thorn white.
Male parent (631): the plant strain growth gesture is strong, and a little less than the branchiness, about 4 joints of first female flower joint position, joint becomes second nature, and resistance against diseases is strong.About the long 16cm of melon, about the thick 2.5cm in footpath, single melon weighs 100～120g.The pericarp dirty-green, no knurl, thorn white, density are medium.
6. crossbreed " 97-315 " combined feature characteristic
Growth potential is strong, about 2.0 meters of plant heights, and branchiness is medium, and joint becomes second nature, and disease resistance is good, and disease index is lower than dragon assorted yellow No. 7.Long 16～the 18cm of melon, the thick 2.5cm of melon, single melon weighs 100～120g, and pericarp is blackish green, smooth, and glossy, Bai Ci and rare, the pulp green, melon pulp is less than 1/2 of diameter, and fruit is neat, commodity good.
7. the culture technique main points of " 97-315 "
(1) cultivates strong sprout
Select full seed, the seed of no damage by disease and insect.Hoted water treatment of seeds through 10～15 minutes earlier, be cooled to room temperature, through 25 ℃～28 ℃ water purification seed soaking in 4～6 hours, 25 ℃～28 ℃ following vernalization, can sow after sprouting then again.With the ashes that sieve is matrix, waters permeablely, be seeded in the seedling-cultivating tray, on cover the 1cm fine sand, covering with plastic film, just having had emerges promptly takes off.Get not comtaminatedly, 6 parts in the above land for growing field crops soil of top layer 15cm adds 4 parts of the horsehit that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the peats composed of rotten mosses, the preparation nutrition soil of transplanting seedlings, 1m
3Adding ash 5kg puddles evenly.Emerged 4～5 days, cotyledon is about to flatten time shift and goes in the nutritive cube
(2) seedling management
Temperature after planting remains on 28～30 ℃ to the preceding temperature of emerging, the emerging anti-excessive growth of cooling in 60%～70% o'clock, about 25 ℃ of daytimes, about 18 ℃ of nights.Transplant seedlings to the slow seedling 25～28 ℃ of daytimes, about 15 ℃ of nights are in case excessive growth.When seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, day and night temperature is remained on more than 15 ℃, form to promote female flower, reduce knot melon joint position.Field planting is carried out rice shoot the last week and is taken exercise, and on 20～23 ℃ of daytimes, at 18～12 ℃ of nights, reaches the environmental temperature of required adaptation after the field planting at last fully.
Moisture content when sowing and transplant seedlings after water permeable.Other times take the circumstances into consideration to water according to weather, ground temperature and soil moisture situation, not non-irrigatedly do not water; Before field planting, carried out cold acclimation in 5～7 days.
Topdress behind 2～3 true leaves every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 7～10d foliage-spray one time 0.1%～0.2%.
(3) field planting
Meticulous whole ground before the field planting is in conjunction with every 667m wholely
2Execute the fertilizer 5～7t that becomes thoroughly decomposed, bio-bacterial manure 60kg, diammonium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulphate 5kg.When open country 10cm soil temperature is stablized by 13 ℃.Select the warm head of cold tail to carry out the fine morning, guaranteeing can have 3～5 days fine weather after the field planting.General 3000～3500 strains/667m
2The cultivation of employing high ridge.Line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 25～30cm.During field planting, Tu Tuo is carefully put into planting pit, make the soil surface that sticks together be lower than ridge face 1cm, bury soil, water permeable in the cave.Water oozes back earthing down.With good conditionsily adopt little shed to cover, promote slow seedling and precocity to improve ground temperature.
(4) manage after the field planting
During little shed culture underglass, be not higher than daytime in early stage 30 ℃ stuffy, but notice preventing that short-term high temperature from baking seedling.Timely pour seedling recovering water behind the slow seedling, root melon results back suitably increases pours water.Contain the melon phase and see day, see ground, see that seedling waters that general 4～7d waters once, imposes chemical fertilizer or bio-bacterial manure in conjunction with watering.Will suitably strengthen irrigation quantity during high temperature and drought, general 2～3d waters once.Insert frame, tie up climing, extract fields operations such as bottom Lao Ye and sick leaf by normally carrying out.
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest principle and common method should instruct in the policy of " putting prevention first integrated control " down aspect the extermination of disease and insect pest, integrated use cultural control and mechanical-physical control, and be aided with correct chemical control.The control cucumber downy mildew uses the clean 800 times of liquid of 70% downy mildew or 600 times of liquid foliar sprays of gram frost spirit, and bacterial angular leaf spot can adopt 2000～3000 times of liquid controls of decamethrin of 2.5% with 1,000,000 units agricultural streptomycin control, aphid.
(6) timely collecting
Melon is dark green, pericarp is glossy, when reaching the commodity size, can receive melon.
Claims (5)
1, the breeding method of a kind of smooth bark, thorn-reduced cucumber variety, it comprises steps of parent system selection, parent system propagation and hybrid seeding process, it is characterized in that: with the inbred line " 649 " that contains the North America blood lineage is female parent, and containing the inbred line " 631 " that is of European origin is that male parent is cultivated first generation cross-fertilize seed; The parent system propagation method comprises sowing, field planting, field management, pollination and seed collection, on May, the middle ten days seeding and seedling raising, when calendar seedling age 28-32 days, field planting during 3～4 true leaves of physiology seedling age, the father, maternal field planting respectively, distance isolation 1500m～2000m, the field planting seeding row spacing is 35cm * 60cm, irrigate field planting water, watered one time water behind the slow seedling in per 4～7 days, adopt single climing training, when plant height reaches 25～30cm, in time insert frame, tie up climing, tie up in the whole growing 4～5 times, behind the shelfful according to growth potential pinching, all the other lateral bines are in time extractd, and select the female flower that will open next day in the plant blossom phase, use the thin wire embroider, isolate pollination self, male flower adopts same quadrat method, is strictly on guard against insect pollination, and pollination time is the morning 6～8 o'clock, with thin wire female flower is clipped again after the pollination, and list mark pedigree number and date, after pollination 30～35 days, kind of the melon of gathering, after the kind melon is gathered, select shady and cool place will plant melon and place, after-ripening was collected seed in 5～8 days again, took out the seed wooden dipper with cutter longitudinal cutting sugar-preserved gourd, the seed wooden dipper is connected seed band juice to be clamp-oned nonmetallic vessel and makes its fermentation, 25 ℃～30 ℃, stop fermentation after 1～2 day, clean, after drying the moisture content of the surface of the seed then, move to the natural seasoning of shady and cool ventilation place; The first-filial generation producing method for seed: seed farm and other cucumber variety field isolate more than the 1500m at least, father and mother are originally in the alternate plantation of ratio in 2: 4, the limit is male parent entirely around the seed farm, male parent 631 was than maternal 649 early sowing 5 days, when the female parent seedling rough leaf reaches 2.5～3.0 centimetres big or small, the ethrel of a 250ppm concentration of spray, spray 150ppm second time during 3～4 true leaves, in time extract at a small amount of male flower that occur on maternal plant flowering stage, must not miss a male flower on the female parent, fully expand after seat lives, castrate and finish at allocarpy, should draw flowering stage and put honeybee pollination, every 667m
2Can put 1～2 case, under the few situation in honeybee source, should carry out artificial supplementary pollination in flowering stage, the male parent male flower of new opening is got in every morning 6～8 o'clock, remove petal after, on maternal column cap, smear pollination gently.
2, the breeding method of smooth bark according to claim 1, thorn-reduced cucumber variety is characterized in that: after the used seed of parent system propagation was soaked seed 6 hours～8 hours earlier, be placed under 26 ℃～28 ℃ conditions and sowing after the vernalization.
3, the breeding method of smooth bark according to claim 1 and 2, thorn-reduced cucumber variety, it is characterized in that: the base manure of being executed during the parent system propagation field planting is every 667m
2Execute the high-quality farmyard manure 2000-2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, composite fertilizer 15-20kg, superphosphate 15-20kg.
4, the breeding method of smooth bark according to claim 1 and 2, thorn-reduced cucumber variety is characterized in that: the pollination mode of first-filial generation is every 667m
2Can put 1～2 case, under the few situation in honeybee source, should carry out artificial supplementary pollination in flowering stage, the male parent male flower of new opening is got in every morning 6～8 o'clock, remove petal after, on maternal column cap, smear pollination gently.
5, the breeding method of smooth bark according to claim 3, thorn-reduced cucumber variety is characterized in that: the pollination of first-filial generation is every 667m
2Can put 1～2 case, under the few situation in honeybee source, should carry out artificial supplementary pollination in flowering stage, male parent male flower newly developed is got in every morning 6～8 o'clock, remove petal after, on maternal column cap, smear pollination gently.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA021448531A CN1500379A (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Smooth-skinned, thorn-reduced cucumber cultivation method |
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| CNA021448531A CN1500379A (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Smooth-skinned, thorn-reduced cucumber cultivation method |
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| CNA021448531A Pending CN1500379A (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Smooth-skinned, thorn-reduced cucumber cultivation method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100577001C (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2010-01-06 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Method for breeding plant brand of 'Honghua Bajiaolian' |
| CN101828501A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for improving fruit yield of Jatropha curcas |
| CN101094589B (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2011-01-05 | 尼克森茨瓦恩有限责任公司 | Resistance to downy mildew of onion caused by the fungus peronospora destructor |
| CN105493903A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-20 | 绵阳骏峰农业科技开发有限公司 | Planting method of thorn-free pepper |
| CN106358638A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-02-01 | 扬州润年农业科技有限公司 | Method for increasing honeybee pollination rate of cucurbita pepo in greenhouse by interplanting pollination pumpkins |
| CN106818146A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-06-13 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of Holland cucumber |
| CN107360967A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-11-21 | 河北科技师范学院 | A kind of cucumber hybrid summer breeding method |
-
2002
- 2002-11-14 CN CNA021448531A patent/CN1500379A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101094589B (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2011-01-05 | 尼克森茨瓦恩有限责任公司 | Resistance to downy mildew of onion caused by the fungus peronospora destructor |
| CN100577001C (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2010-01-06 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Method for breeding plant brand of 'Honghua Bajiaolian' |
| CN101828501A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for improving fruit yield of Jatropha curcas |
| CN105493903A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-20 | 绵阳骏峰农业科技开发有限公司 | Planting method of thorn-free pepper |
| CN106358638A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-02-01 | 扬州润年农业科技有限公司 | Method for increasing honeybee pollination rate of cucurbita pepo in greenhouse by interplanting pollination pumpkins |
| CN106818146A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-06-13 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of Holland cucumber |
| CN107360967A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-11-21 | 河北科技师范学院 | A kind of cucumber hybrid summer breeding method |
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