CN1499594A - 制作电子封装的方法以及电子封装 - Google Patents

制作电子封装的方法以及电子封装 Download PDF

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CN1499594A
CN1499594A CNA2003101030148A CN200310103014A CN1499594A CN 1499594 A CN1499594 A CN 1499594A CN A2003101030148 A CNA2003101030148 A CN A2003101030148A CN 200310103014 A CN200310103014 A CN 200310103014A CN 1499594 A CN1499594 A CN 1499594A
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substrate
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D・L・托马斯
D·L·托马斯
沃伊奇克
C·G·沃伊奇克
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L23/48Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
    • H01L23/488Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
    • H01L23/498Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
    • H01L23/49811Additional leads joined to the metallisation on the insulating substrate, e.g. pins, bumps, wires, flat leads
    • H01L23/49816Spherical bumps on the substrate for external connection, e.g. ball grid arrays [BGA]
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    • H01L23/488Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
    • H01L23/498Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
    • H01L23/49866Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials
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    • H01L2224/10Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/15Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/16Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process of an individual bump connector
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    • H01L2224/26Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/31Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/32Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
    • H01L2224/321Disposition
    • H01L2224/32151Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/32221Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/32225Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
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    • H01L2224/9212Sequential connecting processes
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Abstract

说明了一种制作电子封装的方法,其中:基板设有导电焊盘的图案,和放置在铜焊盘图案中的所选择的多个焊盘上的部分焊料。回流焊料,在所选择的铜焊盘上形成局部半球形端盖。用易溶钎剂覆盖所述局部半球形端盖。在基板上放置薄半导体芯片,该半导体芯片具有与所述局部半球形的有端盖的焊盘相对应的半导体元件的图案,使得薄半导体芯片的导体元件基本上与基板的局部半球形有端盖焊盘对齐。把焊料加热到回流温度,并在薄半导体芯片和基板之间形成电耦合。由于形成电耦合的所需焊料都放置在基板上,因此有可能在电子封装中使用很薄的半导体芯片,避免了在下列步骤中出现的问题,即与薄化工艺期间固定有焊料凸块的晶片有关的操作和处理步骤,以及用有焊料凸块的晶片制成薄化的半导体芯片的后续工艺,例如切割步骤。

Description

制作电子封装的方法以及电子封装
发明领域
本发明涉及一种制作电子封装的方法,更具体地说,涉及一种制作倒装芯片封装的方法,其中通过对该半导体芯片进行背面研磨或抛光降低半导体芯片的厚度并且组装到一基板上,在该基板上具有用于电连接到该变薄的半导体芯片上的焊料球或者凸块(bump)连接。
发明背景
微电子工业一向致力于不断缩小设备的尺寸,增加器件集成度,从而导致了更高的互连密度。为满足这些高密度互连的要求,在封装工业中已持续不断地发展了一系列互连技术与策略。几乎所有这些技术和策略都致力于一个目标,那就是减小尺寸。尺寸减小几乎总是转化成较低的成本。因此,在最先进的封装中,为满足高密度互连的要求,表面安装(surfacemount)封装已在很大程度上替代了双列直插封装。这些技术以及类似的发展都致力于降低封装面积,即封装的x-y尺寸。此外,在许多应用中,特别是在需要较大的半导体芯片的应用中,需要使用很薄的半导体芯片。这些问题是通过将芯片从中分割而来的晶片变薄的技术而解决的。通过在诸如胶带之类的临时载体上安装已经过完全处理的晶片,将其有效面朝下,并研磨或者抛光晶片的背面,就可将其变薄。提出并使用了各种技术,其范围从使用例如研磨砂轮进行简单的机械研磨,到化学蚀刻和抛光技术,以及这些技术的结合,如化学-机械抛光技术。
在典型的将晶片变薄工艺过程中,在将其重新安装和切割成IC芯片或者管芯(die)之前,把具有已完成的集成电路(IC)的200毫米(mm)直径的晶片,从大约为26mil(将千分之一英寸表示为mil)至大约为30mil的初始厚度减小到大约只有10-12mil的最终厚度。之后,将单独的IC芯片或管芯封装,这样的封装涉及到组装成一单芯片模块(SCM)或者多芯片模块(MCM)。这里的使用的术语模块是指拥有至少两个组成部分的部件,一个基板以及至少一个有效芯片,该有效芯片是键合到该基板上的倒装芯片。
在进行薄化和切割之前,一般在形成倒装芯片的晶片上形成焊料凸块或者焊料球互连。将具有焊料凸块的晶片变薄,提出了许多处理问题,这些问题与在薄化期间保护该具有焊料凸块的晶片有关。在制作薄化倒装芯片的后续过程中,要在具有焊料凸块的变薄的晶片上进行许多工艺和处理步骤,例如切割步骤等等。为了能经受薄化工艺本身以及后续的工艺和处理而不会造成损伤或者破裂,可以把晶片薄化成厚度为10mil或者更厚。具有焊料凸块的晶片薄化工艺本身以及所经受的后续工艺和处理步骤不允许最终的倒装芯片厚度小于大约10mil,虽然这样的厚度对于许多应用本来是希望的。这种大约10mil或者更厚的限制作为一种标准在行业中被普遍接受了。但在一些重要的应用场合,这种限制排除了薄倒装芯片(厚度小于大约10mil的倒装芯片)的使用。
不需要焊料凸块或者焊料球互连作为倒装芯片的一部分、就可将倒装芯片组装到基板上而制成电子封装的技术,将使得可以使用薄化到小于10mil厚的倒装芯片,而且将是封装技术上的实质性改进。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是改进现有的电子封装技术。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种制作电子封装的方法,其中可把很薄的半导体芯片组装在基板上,在该基板上提供了把半导体芯片与基板连接起来的导电构件。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种可采用简易的方式实施的制作电子封装的方法。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种制作电子封装的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:提供具有一个第一表面的基板;在该第一表面上提供导电焊盘(pad)的图案;将一导电构件放置在该导电焊盘的图案中所选择的一些导电焊盘上;提供一薄半导体芯片,该芯片具有基本上与该基板的所述第一表面上的该导电焊盘图案类似的导体元件图案;在该基板上定位该薄半导体芯片,使得所选择的一些所述导体元件分别位于,各自的一些所述导电构件上;并加热所述导电构件,以在该薄半导体芯片和该基板之间提供电耦合。
附图说明
图1(A)至1(H)是表示根据本发明的一个实施例制作电子封装的方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明及其其他的和进一步的目的、优点和性能,可参考结合上述附图的下列说明书和附属权利要求书。
根据本发明的方法,基板被设有由铜焊盘的图案。在该铜焊盘图案中所选择的一些铜焊盘上放置有部分焊料。之后再进行焊料回流,在所选择的铜焊盘上形成局部半球形的端盖(cap)。之后,利用易溶钎剂(solderflux)将局部半球形的端盖盖住。之后,在基板上放置薄化的半导体芯片,该半导体芯片上具有焊盘的图案,这些焊盘上具有基部凸块冶镏金(underlying bump metallurgy,UBM),且这些焊盘与所述局部半球形有端盖的焊盘相对应,以便薄半导体芯片的这些焊盘基本上与该基板上的局部半球形有端盖的焊盘对齐。本发明中可使用的UBM包括例如铬-铜-金。之后,把焊料加热到回流温度,并在薄半导体芯片和基板之间形成电耦合。由于制作电耦合所需要的所有焊料都放置在基板上,不需要薄化或者处理其上具有焊料凸块的晶片,这样就避免了与薄化处理期间保护具有焊料凸块的晶片有关的步骤和后续的处理步骤。这些步骤一般会由于硅的切割或破裂而引起晶片和由其制成的薄半导体芯片的实质性损坏,使其无用,并且影响到制造产量和成本。而且,很小的破裂可能并不明显,直到在实地条件下工作时薄半导体芯片受力时为止,因而影响到电子封装的可靠性。使用本发明所述的工艺,有可能使没有焊料凸块的晶片薄化到先前经济上不可行的最小厚度。也可基本上避免与薄化和处理带焊料凸块晶片有关的切割和破裂的问题。电子封装中的薄半导体芯片至少有两种原因是很有优势的。一种优势是降低了整个封装的轮廓(剖面)高度,这样可节约贵重封装占用面积(packaging real estate)。另一种优势是薄半导体芯片固有地非常柔软,因而更能经得起封装的弯曲(而不破裂),这种弯曲是在与测试和在操作实地使用相关的热周期变化中,由于热膨胀系数(coefficient of thermal expansion,CTE)、以及半导体芯片和基板之间弹性系数的不匹配,而发生的。因此,这种电子封装可实现制作成本低、可靠性高的薄半导体芯片。
现在参照图1(A)至1(H)说明本发明的一个实施例。下面依序说明图1(A)至1(H)中的每一步骤。
首先,在步骤1(A)中,提供一个具有第一表面12的基板10。该基板10可由电介质材料构成,例如是一种由叠层玻璃环氧树脂片、陶瓷、聚四氟乙烯、液晶聚合物或者任何可以承载半导体芯片的材料构成的复合电路板基板。基板10可包括热补偿层、布线层或者电源/接地层(未示出)。还可包括用于把各内部层互连到外部导体的导体通孔或者通孔(未示出)。基板10包括一个第二表面14。
在步骤1(B)中,电介质层16被设置在基板10的第一表面12上。电介质层可由合适的有机聚合材料构成。可使用的一种电介质材料是聚酰亚胺(polyimide)材料。另一种可使用的聚合材料是包括由改性聚苯醚(modified polyphenylene ether,MPPE)构成的树脂的材料。可与本发明联合使用的有用的MPPE树脂被公开在转让给日本东京的Asahi KaseiKogyo Kabushiki Kaisha的美国专利5,352,745(Katayose等人,颁布于1994年10月4日)(称为Katayose‘745)中,其所有内容作为参考包含于此。在Katayose‘745的专利中,MPPE树脂被描述成一种可固化的聚苯醚树脂复合物,该复合物包括通过使聚苯醚与不饱和羧酸或者酸酐和至少一种氰脲酸酯(cyanurate)反应而获得的反应产品。可与本发明联合使用的有用的MPPE树脂被公开在转让给日本东京的Asahi Kasei Kogyo KabushikiKaisha(公司名)的美国专利5,218,030(Katayose等人,颁布于1993年6月8日)(称为Katayose‘030)中,其所有内容作为参考包含于此。关于其它MPPE树脂,Katayose‘030专利描述了包含烯丙基或者炔丙基侧基、氰脲酸三烯丙脂(triallylcyanurate)或异氰脲酸三烯丙脂(triallylisocyanurate)、以及可选的含锑阻燃剂的(聚)亚苯基醚的使用情况;其它配方利用含溴化合物取代含锑阻燃剂。可与本发明联合使用的有用的MPPE树脂被公开在转让给通用电气公司(General ElectricCompany)的美国专利6,352,782 B2(Yeager等人,2002年3月5日颁布)(称为Yeager‘782)中,其所有内容作为参考包含于此。Yeager‘782专利中所述的改性PPE树脂是用某种不饱和化合物固化的反应性封端(聚)苯醚化合物。能够通过将MPPE树脂覆盖在一金属箔例如铜箔上的形式来利用MPPE材料。适用于本发明的、可从市场上购买的一MPPE是由日本Asahi Chemical Company(化学公司)制造的,并标识为Asahi产品号PC5103,该产品包括覆盖在一铜箔上的树脂。本发明中可使用的电介质材料的其它实例是可从Taiyo Corporation(公司,2675 Antler Drive,CarsonCity,Nevada,89701)购买的PSR 4000 AUS 703、以及可从日本的TamuraCorporation(公司,3-27-27 Tarune-Cho,Suita Shi,Ahsaka 564)购买的DSR 2200 FX-7A。
电介质层16可通过感光处理或者激光处理形成图案,这种处理在基板的电介质层中形成侧壁18和底壁20,这些侧壁和底壁在基板10的该电介质层上确定了多个孔,在这些孔中可充分填充导电材料,从而形成导电焊盘22的图案。导电焊盘图案22可包括诸如铜、金、锡以及镍或其合金之类的合适金属。导电焊盘22还可被覆盖有诸如苯并三唑(benzatriaziole)之类的有机表面保护层。在此实施例中,通过在电介质层16的孔中镀金属或者掩盖入一层金属膏而设置导电焊盘22的图案。也可采用光或者蚀刻工艺形成导电焊盘22图案,这些工艺在本领域是公知的,本文没有说明。
在步骤1(C)中,在每一导电焊盘22上放置一层导电材料24。可通过在每一导电焊盘22上掩盖一层焊料膏或者镀一层焊料的工艺而设置这层导电材料24。也可在每一导电焊盘22上掩盖诸如导电聚合物之类的其他材料。本发明中可使用的一种焊料包括一种低温共熔焊料,该焊料的成分为大约63wt%的锡和大约37wt%的铅。也可使用无铅焊料。本发明中可使用的无铅焊料合金的一些实例是锡和铜、锡和银、或者锡银铜合金。本发明可使用的锡/银/铜合金的一种实例包括大约90wt%的锡、大约4.0wt%或者更低的银、以及大约1.5wt%或者更低的铜。本发明可使用的导电聚合物包括填银环氧树脂,其实例包括可从Epoxy Technology(公司,14Fortune Drive,Billerica,MA 01821)购买的产品Epoxy TechnologyEpotek2101、可从Ablestik Laboratories(公司,29921 SusannaRoad,Rancho Dominguez,CA 90221)购买的产品Ablestik Ablebond 8175、以及可从Engineered Material Materrials Systems Inc.(公司,132 JohnsonDrive,Delaware,OH 43015)购买的产品EMS DA 5915。
在步骤1(D)中,使步骤1(C)中的导电材料层24回流,形成导电构件26,每个这些导电构件都呈局部半球形。回流温度、回流时间和停留时间取决于所使用的焊料类型、电子封装的尺寸以及被用于进行回流的回流设备的类型。在一实施例中,具有与低温共熔锡-铅焊料(导电材料24)相应的合金成分的水溶性焊料膏被沉积在位于基板上的与导电焊盘22类似的焊盘上。之后,回流该焊料膏,从而在该焊盘上形成半球形凸块,类似于图1(D)所示导电构件26的导电构件。最后,使用去离子水清洗所述有焊料凸块的基板,清除水溶性焊剂残余物。如果使用导电聚合物形成导电构件26,则不需要回流步骤,且导电构件将采取如被掩盖的形状。
在步骤1(E)中,在每一导电构件26上施加部分易溶钎剂,产生基本上连续的易溶钎剂层28。通过掩盖、喷溅或者浸沾可设置易溶钎剂层28。本发明中可使用的易溶钎剂例如是低残余无需清洗焊剂或者水溶性焊剂。低残余无需清洗焊剂的一个实例是可从Alpha Metals Inc.(公司,580-ATollgate Road,Elgin,IL,60123)购买的Alpha 376。水溶焊剂的一个实例是也可从Alpha Metals Inc.购买的Alpha WS 600。在此实施例中,可把易溶钎剂层28用做用于随后定位薄半导体的导电焊盘的一种粘合剂,还可在后续回流步骤中用做清洗剂或氧化物清除剂,以用于形成电耦合,这点将在下面说明。如果导电构件26包括导电聚合物或者其他非金属材料,则不使用易溶钎剂。
在步骤1(F)中,其上具有与导电焊盘22图案类似的导体元件32的图案的薄半导体芯片30被放置在基板10上,从而使得被选择的一些导体元件分别位于覆盖有易溶钎剂层28的多个导电构件26上。半导体芯片30包括位于导体元件32的图案之间的电介质材料层33。电介质材料33可以是聚酰亚胺或者氮化硅。导体元件32可包括如上所述的UBM。薄半导体芯片30包括表面36,该表面已采用机械、化学、或者化学-机械方法在晶片级研磨或者抛光,从而使原始芯片的厚度薄到小于大约8mil。可以在把芯片组装到基板10上之前,在晶片级进行薄化处理。当采用化学-机械抛光完成薄化处理时,将研磨剂浆施加在半导体芯片的、相对于表面37的原始表面上,利用研磨轮对该表面进行抛光,产生表面36。本发明中可以使用的一研磨剂浆的实例是二氧化硅(石英)浆,这种浆具有尺寸从大约10纳米(namometer)至大约300纳米的颗粒。抛光期间,利用真空吸盘通过表面37把晶片保持在适当位置上,以防止损坏电介质材料33或者导电元件32。
在步骤1(G)中,对步骤1(F)的导电构件26进行加热,在薄半导体芯片30和基板10之间形成电耦合38。加热导电构件26包括在焊料的熔化温度下回流局部半球形有端盖焊盘26。之后,用水和皂化剂(saponifier)清洗残留的易溶钎剂(在回流温度下没有挥发的易溶钎剂成分),以清除残留物。如果导电构件由导电聚合物材料构成,则加热步骤包括基本上固化聚合物材料,以形成该电耦合。
在步骤1(H)中,把底层填料或者密封材料40放置到薄半导体芯片30和基板10之间的电耦合38上。密封材料可以是填充有石英材料的高模量树脂材料,这种树脂材料经过调整以使其与所使用的导电材料的CTE相匹配。可从市场上购买的本发明所使用的密封材料的实例有:由LoctiteCorporation(公司,Loctite North America,1001 Trout BrookCrossing,Rocky Hill,Connecticut 06067)生产的Hysol FP 4549和LoctiteTM 3593、由Namics Corportion(公司,3993 Nigorikawa,NiigataCity,950-3131,Japan)生产的Namics U8437。在基板10的第二表面14上设有多个焊料球连接42,其中被选择的多个连接利用基板中的导体贯通连接(未示出),与基板的第一表面12上的多个导电焊盘22中被选择的多个焊盘电连接。
虽然参照附图说明了本发明的一种实施例,但可以理解,本发明并不局限于附图中所解释或者所图示的实施例。因此,本领域的技术人员基于其知识可对该实施例作出各种改进、改变和变化,而不超出本发明的保护范围。

Claims (15)

1、一种制作电子封装的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
提供一个具有第一表面的基板;
在所述第一表面上提供导电焊盘的图案;
在所述导电焊盘的图案的多个被选择的焊盘上设置导电构件;
提供一个薄半导体芯片,该芯片上具有基本上与所述基板的所述第一表面上的所述导电焊盘的图案类似的导体元件的图案;
在所述基板上放置所述薄半导体芯片,使得所述导体元件的多个被选择的元件分别位于多个所述导电构件上;以及
加热所述导电构件,以在所述薄半导体芯片和所述基板之间设置电耦合。
2、如权利要求1所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,所述提供所述基板的步骤还包括在所述基板上提供一个第二表面。
3、如权利要求2所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括如下步骤:在所述基板的所述第二表面上设置多个焊料球连接,所述多个焊料球连接的被选择的多个连接与所述基板的所述第一表面上的所述导电焊盘图案中的所述被选择的多个焊盘电连接。
4、如权利要求1所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,在所述第一表面上提供导电焊盘的图案的所述步骤包括镀覆或者蚀刻。
5、如权利要求1所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,设置所述导电构件的所述步骤包括在所述导电焊盘的图案中的所述被选择的多个导电焊盘上镀覆焊料。
6、如权利要求5所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,设置所述导电构件的所述步骤进一步包括在镀覆所述焊料之后回流所述焊料,以在所述导电焊盘的图案的多个被选择的导电焊盘上形成局部半球形焊料端盖。
7、如权利要求6所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括在每一局部半球形端盖上放置部分易溶钎剂材料的步骤。
8、如权利要求7所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,所述加热所述导电构件的步骤包括回流每一局部半球形焊料端盖。
9、如权利要求1所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,设置所述导电构件的所述步骤包括在所述导电焊盘图案中的被选择的多个所述导电焊盘上掩盖导电聚合物。
10、如权利要求9所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,所述加热所述导电构件的步骤包括在所述导电焊盘图案中的所述被选择的多个导电焊盘中的每个上,充分固化所述导电聚合物。
11、如权利要求1所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,利用机械研磨、化学抛光或者化学-机械抛光方法将所述薄半导体芯片变薄。
12、如权利要求11所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,化学-机械抛光包括利用二氧化硅浆抛光所述薄半导体芯片,该二氧化硅浆具有尺寸为大约10纳米至大约300纳米的颗粒。
13、如权利要求11所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,把所述薄半导体芯片的厚度变薄到小于大约10mil。
14、如权利要求1所述的制作电子封装的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括如下步骤:在位于所述半导体芯片和所述基板之间的所述电耦合上放置密封材料。
15、一种由权利要求1所述的方法制作的电子封装。
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CN101617243B (zh) * 2007-02-19 2012-08-29 Nxp股份有限公司 传感器封装
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CN110557937B (zh) * 2018-05-31 2021-08-06 铟泰公司 有效抑制在bga组合件的不润湿开口的助焊剂

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