CN1486267A - 货盘式集装箱 - Google Patents

货盘式集装箱 Download PDF

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CN1486267A
CN1486267A CNA018221408A CN01822140A CN1486267A CN 1486267 A CN1486267 A CN 1486267A CN A018221408 A CNA018221408 A CN A018221408A CN 01822140 A CN01822140 A CN 01822140A CN 1486267 A CN1486267 A CN 1486267A
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D���ն���
D·普尔茨图拉
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Mauser Werke GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种货盘式集装箱(10)，它具有一刚性的由热塑性塑料制成的用来储存和运输液态的或可流动的装灌物品的薄壁内容器(12)、一作为支承外壳紧密包围塑料内容器(12)的网格形管架(14)和一托盘(16)，塑料内容器(12)放在此托盘上，并且支承外壳与托盘固定连接，其中在塑料内容器(12)在托盘(16)表面上或垫板表面上的支承面上设有相应的装置(形锁合/摩擦锁合元件)，沿水平面方向看，它们促使内容器底面朝下的外表面和托盘(16)或垫板朝上的表面之间滑动阻力基本上有所提高。在优选实施形式中内容器(12)的底面借助于形锁合元件(18，26，30，36)固定在托盘(16)上。

Description

货盘式集装箱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种货盘式集装箱，它具有一由热塑性塑料制成的、用来储存和输送液态或可流动的装灌物品的薄壁刚性内容器，一作为支承外壳紧密地包围塑料容器的网格形管架和一托盘，塑料容器放在此托盘上，并且该支承外壳与该托盘固定连接。
背景技术
这种类型的带有钢丝网或网格管支承外壳的货盘式集装箱是众所周知的，例如US 4,676,373(Schn./W)。
格网状外壳在可以由塑料、木材或钢管架组成的平面托盘的托盘上的固定借助于越过或穿过地抓住下部的水平环绕的框架管的固定元件，例如螺钉、卡箍、夹子或爪子进行。固定元件例如钉在，销钉固定在、螺钉连接在或者在钢板托盘时焊接在托盘顶盖或上部外边缘上。在网格管支承外壳时网管可以做成具有圆形或矩形横截面的开式或封闭的型材。
在货盘式集装箱作工业应用时，这种集装箱必须通过官方的许可检验，并且这里必须满足一定的质量标准。例如进行内部压力试验，以及用装满的货盘式集装箱从一定的下落高度进行跌落测试，此外还在极低的温度(-20℃)下进行试验。其中最不利的情况是在托盘下端面处的对角线跌落，内部塑料容器的底部排放阀设置在此下端面上。
在这种跌落试验时表明，内容器在地面撞击时力图相对于托盘底板移动。这时特别是在撞击端面上和相邻的侧周边区域内网格状外壳的固定点过载，并部分从托盘上撕下。这里支承外壳下边缘在托盘上的固定是出问题的主要部位。因为网格状外壳仅仅在少数几个部位加以固定，所以网格状外壳，特别是在网格管时，非常不均匀地变形和扭曲；这时在托盘上的下部固定点可能撕裂，而薄壁塑料容器可能由于撕裂的网格部分受到损坏。
问题：这里所述类型的托盘集装箱或联合IBC-(IBC＝中间散装货物集装箱)用来输送液体(例如危险化学品)。它们做成托盘集装箱，最好具有1000立升的装灌容量，并由托盘、网格状外壳和塑料内容器(高密度聚乙烯)组成。被网格状外壳紧密包围的内容器通常设有一上装入口和一下排放配件。
在对关键的下托盘端面作对角线跌落试验时(内容器的排放配件设置在下端面处)内容器连同液体装灌物力图侧向滑动，并向前或向下网格状壁方向移动。装灌货物的喷溅力和内容器的推力要必须基本上由前网格壁承受。在对角线跌落试验时装满的托盘集装箱的地面撞击导致十分严重的弹性和塑性的变形，亦即永久的变形，并在网格状外壳和托盘强度不够大时造成内容器巨大的变形和损坏。因此排放配件周围区域损坏最严重。
在跌落试验时的试验条件一方面是，内容器绝对保持密封，没有装灌货物从排放配件或塑料内容器的过负荷膨胀区处流出，并且托盘集装箱仍然必须是可操作的，亦即可以用铲车提取和输送。这对于用于危险的液体装灌物的托盘集装箱得到官方许可是重要的前提。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种具有针对机械载荷的更高强度(高跌落强度)的货盘式集装箱，其中以简单的结构措施减小在对角线跌落时在网格状管架的壁上出现的横向力，由此可以得到对于用于较高危险等级的液体装灌物的货盘式集装箱的相应的官方许可。
在按本发明的货盘式集装箱中这个目的通过这样的方法来实现，即在塑料内容器上的、在托盘表面上或一垫板的表面上的支承面内设置相应的结构—沿水平面方向看—使内容器底面朝下的外表面和托盘或垫板朝上的表面之间的滑移阻力提高。
从这种看法出发，即塑料内容器比较光滑的底面在托盘或在某些情况下设置在它们之间的垫板(由板条或塑料、例如金属框托盘上的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制成的例如用作减振元件或衬板的)比较光滑的表面上，在托盘容器倾斜时，特别是在对角线跌落时没有明显的滑移阻力，装载的内容器可能没有值得一提的摩擦阻力而向侧面滑下，那么通过设置阻止滑移或减小滑移的结构达到，在对角线地面撞击时，蕴含在下滑的装满的塑料内容器内的动能至少部分通过这些结构消耗，下网状筐壁不必承受全部能量。
由此在跌落试验时很大程度地防止内容器相对于托盘的移动，达到了前部的和下部的支承框的卸荷。结果促使，在这种类型的按本发明设计的托盘集装箱中网状框架变形较小，因此适用于高达6级的液态或能流动的危险装载货物(最高许可质量)。
在本发明的结构方案中，在塑料内容器的底壁上形成向外(下)的突起，并在垫板表面上或托盘表面上形成向内(下)的造型，它们相互形锁合地嵌合。
虽然在由上述US 4,676,373所知的货盘式集装箱中在木制托盘的两块托盘板之间嵌入一在内容器底壁中心处形成的向排放阀方向伸展的汇集槽，但是这个下沉的汇集槽不局限在内容器/托盘支承面之内，而是一直伸展到托盘的前缘；因为它做得不是横向分布，所以它对于排放阀不起防护作用，这是因为因为内容器可以不受阻碍地向托盘前棱边方向下滑。因此在这里没有设计或建议在本发明意义上起作用的形锁合连接(垂直于托盘前棱边方向，以保护排放阀)。
在本发明另一种优选的结构方案中，在塑料内容器底壁上形成向内(上)的造型，而在垫板表面或/和托盘表面上形成相应的向外(上)的突起，它们相互形锁合地嵌合，并呈现一种形锁合的连接。为了发挥作为“防滑制动器”的充分效能，相互嵌合的形锁合元件(防滑元件)应该具有约5mm至50mm，最好是约20mm的嵌合高度。
其中形锁合元件可以有利地配备侧向斜坡，以便在负荷特别大的情况下允许内容器下滑，从而避免塑料底壁的破裂。形锁合元件的斜坡应该具有一约45°至85°之间，最好是约80°的角度。
在本发明另一种结构方案中，塑料内容器的、在托盘上的支承面上的形锁合元件具有一向外的有限的平面形突起，并例如设计成圆形，三角形或多边形形锁合元件。在另一种结构变形中形锁合元件可以具有一直线形延伸，并例如设计成至少向一侧张开的(以便可以排空残留物)圆形、三角形、多边形或十字形形锁合元件。
形锁合元件由托盘表面上的突起和内容器底的支承面上的相应凹坑组成，或者由内容器底的支承面上的突起、亦即凸台和托盘表面上相应的后缩(＝凹坑)组成。这两种变型也可以同时相互并列地实现。用按本发明的、设置在支承面上的、向外有界限的形锁合元件有效地防止或减小内容器向所有可能的方向的滑动。
形锁合元件例如可以由一具有向下突起的榫头的、平的金属、塑料或木质圆盘组成(例如直径约200mm，高度约30mm，榫头直径约25mm，榫头高度约40mm)。在托盘表面上在例如四个部位上形成相应的凹坑(这里是孔)，形锁合元件的榫头插入这些凹坑内。这样在内容器底面的支承面上必须在相应的部位设置造型或者说凹抗。用这种简单的方法可以对任何现有的由木材、塑料或钢制成的用于这种类型的货盘式集装箱的托盘进行改装，如果例如在报废的货盘式集装箱翻新处理时采用一新的在底面上设有相应造型的内容器的话。
在一种优选的结构方案中，在内容器底面上沿中心分布的挤压缝形成至少一个向外(下)突起的凸榫，它嵌入托盘或安装在它们之间的垫板表面上的相应凹坑或槽内，并例如借助于一横向插入的销钉被托盘盖的底面固定。此外用这种方法防止，内容器的底面由于在较厚的挤压缝处的收缩应力以常见的不利的方式向上提，而阻碍内容器中残留物的完全排空。
附图说明
下面借助于在附图中所示的实施例对本发明作较详细的说明和介绍。附图表示：
图1一按本发明的货盘式集装箱的侧视图，
图2塑料托盘的纵剖面，
图3内容器托盘的局部示意图，
图4一按本发明的托盘的俯视图，
图5按图4的托盘的局部横剖面，
图6带有形锁合元件的内容器—托盘局部视图，
图7带形锁合元件的内容器—托盘局部视图，
图8带形锁合元件的内容器—托盘局部视图，
图9带形锁合元件的内容器的正视图，
图10带形锁合元件的内容器的侧视图，
图11带形锁合元件的内容器—托盘局部视图，
图12图11中的形锁合元件的横剖面。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的货盘式集装箱10由一刚性的由热塑性塑料制成的用来储存和输送液态或可流动的装灌物品的薄壁内容器12、一作为支承外壳紧密包围塑料内容器12的网格管架14和一托盘16组成，塑料内容器12放在托盘上并且网格形管架14与托盘固定连接。在内容器的下底面和托盘16的上底面区域内所画的圆圈应该表示本发明的形锁合元件18的应用部位。对于在内容器12和托盘16之间设有一例如由钢板或塑料制成的用来遮盖开口的管框托盘的、或者由聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制成的作为减振元件的附加的垫板的情况下，按本发明的措施在这三个部分之间设有例如多个形锁合元件，在任何情况下它们都与内容器的下底面直接地有效接触。
在图2中形锁合元件18同样通过在那里画出的圆圈标注出来。在示意图中按本发明的形锁合连接在图3中通过在内容器12下底面上的造型22和在托盘16上底面上的相应突起或凸台20实现。在托盘上底面上的拱起或凸台可以通过在某些情况下具有设定断裂部位的单独插入或放入的元件来实现(参见图6和7)。
图4中的俯视图表示带有四个在拐角部位的圆形形锁合元件20的托盘16。这样内容器必须在下底面相应的部位上具有向上成形的凹坑。此外附加地或者作为可供选择的方案画出了两个搭扣连接带48和两个粘接软垫50。粘接软垫可以例如通过一双面胶薄膜或成面涂覆的粘接剂部位实现。搭扣连接带同样也粘接在托盘上和内容器下底面上。这些摩擦连接/附着连接元件也可以有利地后续使用在任何现有的货盘式集装箱上。
托盘16的表面，相应地还有内容器12的下底面做得向中心的通向排放配件的中心槽52非常轻微的或者说平缓的漏斗形倾斜。在这个中心槽52内形成多条槽38，在装上内容器12时内容器12下底面相应的榫状突起30形成锁合地嵌入这些槽38内。
图5表示右下方的形锁合元件20(用点划线画的指示图标注)的局部剖视图。
如图6中所示，形锁合元件18可以由例如一扁平的金属、塑料或木质圆盘带一向下突起的榫头26组成(例如直径约200mm，高度约30mm，榫头直径约25mm，榫头高度约40mm)。在托盘表面上在例如四个部位形成相应的凹坑，这里它们做成孔24，形锁合元件18的榫头26插入这些孔内。这样在内容器12的下底面上必须在相应的部位设置造型22即凹陷。榫头26可以设有设定的断裂部位，它在过载时断裂，使得不可能损坏内容器的下底面。
在图7中表示一略有不同的方案。这里一例如圆形的形锁合元件18同时向上嵌入内容器12的造型22内，并向下嵌入托盘16支承面上的相应造型28内，并在水平面方向建立有效的形锁合连接。
图8中以局部剖视图方式表示塑料内容器12下底面的带有两个榫状凸台30的一部分，凸台30形锁合地嵌入托盘16表面上相应的造型28或槽38中，凸台30可以做成圆形或窄长的；它们在吹塑成形过程中作为整体的零件成形在由内容器12的底部加厚部分组成的挤压缝内，并且同样可以配备相应的设定的断裂部位44。在图9中以正视图、在图10中以侧视图表示在内容器12下底面上沿挤压缝成形的凸台30。凸台30形锁合地嵌入托盘16上相应的槽38内(参见图4)。
图11中的局部剖视图还表示一具有沿内容器12底面上的挤压缝34的榫状凸台36的特殊实施形式。榫头36插入托盘16的上盖板上的槽36内，并借助于一横向穿过相应地设置的孔40的保险销42从下方相对于托盘上盖板牢固地固定。在图12中以侧视图表示榫头36，并同样设有设定的断裂部位44或/和46。设定的断裂部位应该可靠地排除在载荷非常大时内容器底面的过载。
对于形锁合、摩擦锁合和粘接元件来说特别重要的是，它减小内容器在托盘表面上在任何任意的方向，特别是向内容器的排放配件所在的托盘前棱边方向滑动，或者明显减小内容器作用在网架前壁上的推力，并通过其特别的“固定作用”发挥效能。
通过所列措施按照本发明对于所有货盘式集装箱都可以对由木材、塑料或钢制成的任何现有托盘进行改装。
               附图标记列表10  货盘式集装箱                       12  内容器14  网格形管架                         16  托盘18  形锁合元件                         20  突起(16)22  造型(12)                           24  孔(16)26  榫头(18)                           28  造型(16)30  榫状凸台(12)                       32  排放口34  挤压缝                             36  榫状凸台(12/34)38  槽(16)                             40  孔(36)42  保险销                             44  设定的断裂部位46  设定的断裂部位                     48  搭扣连接带50  粘接软垫                           52  中心槽(16)

Claims (14)

1.货盘式集装箱(10)，具有一刚性的由热塑性塑料制成的用来储存和运输液态的或可流动的装灌物品的薄壁内容器(12)，一作为支承外壳的紧密包围塑料内容器(12)的网格形管架14)和一托盘(16)，塑料内容器(12)放在此托盘上，并且支承外壳与托盘固定连接，
其特征为：
在托盘(16)表面上或一垫板的表面上的塑料内容器(12)的支承面范围设有相应的装置(18)，它们—沿水平面方向看—促使内容器(12)底面的朝下的外表面和托盘(16)或垫板朝上的表面之间滑动阻力的提高。
2.按权利要求1所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
用来提高摩擦阻力的装置做成摩擦锁合元件或/和粘接锁合元件(＝附着元件)。
3.按权利要求1所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
用来提高摩擦阻力的装置做成形锁合元件(18)。
4.按上述权利要求1或3所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
在塑料内容器(12)底壁上和托盘(16)或设置在它们之间的垫板的表面上设有合适的装置(18)，在水平面方向看，它们相互形锁合地嵌合。
5.按上述权利要求1至4之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
在塑料内容器(12)的底壁上设有向外(下)的材料突起(30，36)，在垫板表面上或/和托盘(16)表面上设有相应的朝内(下)的造型或槽(38)，它们相互形锁合地嵌合。
6.按上述权利要求1至5之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
在塑料内容器(12)的底壁上设有向内(上)的造型(22)，在垫板表面上或/和托盘(16)表面上设有相应的向外(上)的突起或凸台(18)，它们相互形锁合地嵌合并呈现一种形锁合连接。
7.按上述权利要求1至6之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
在塑料内容器(12)的底壁上设有向内(上)的造型(22)，在垫板表面上或/和托盘表面上也设有相应的向内(下)造型(28)，其中在造型(22，28)内放入形锁合元件(18)，它形锁合地嵌入两个相配的造型(22，28)内，并呈现一种形锁合连接。
8.按上述权利要求1至7之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
嵌入的形锁合元件(18)具有约5mm至50mm，最好是约20mm的嵌入高度。
9.按上述权利要求1至8之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
形锁合元件(18)具有一带一个在45°至85°之间，最好是约80°角的侧面斜坡。
10.按上述权利要求1至9之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
形锁合元件(18)向外有边界地设置在内容器/托盘的支承面上，其中具有一平面形的延展，亦即例如做成圆形、三角形或多边形形锁合元件。
11.按上述权利要求1至10之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
形锁合元件(18)向外有边界地设置在内容器/托盘的支承面上，其中具有一基本上直线形的延伸，亦即例如做成至少向一侧开口的环形、三角形、多边形或十字形形锁合元件。
12.按上述权利要求1至11之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
在托盘(16)或/和安装在它上面的垫板的表面和内容器(12)的底面之间设有摩擦锁合元件或粘接锁合元件(＝附着元件)，最好是粘接软垫(48)，粘接带、搭扣连接元件(50)或粘接剂部位；它们沿水平面的方向具有非常强的附着/粘接作用，但是它们在垂直方向(为了方便地更换内容器)又可方便地拉脱。
13.按上述权利要求1至12之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
在内容器(12)的底面上沿中心分布的挤压缝(34)形成至少一个向外(下)突起的榫状凸台(36)，它嵌入托盘(16)或安装在它们之间的垫板的上底面的一相应凹坑或槽(38)内，并固定在那里。
14.按上述权利要求1至13之任一项所述的货盘式集装箱，
其特征为：
所述突起的或嵌入的形锁合元件(18、26、30、36)设有至少一个设定的断裂部位。
CNA018221408A 2000-11-23 2001-11-23 货盘式集装箱 Pending CN1486267A (zh)

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AU2188502A (en) 2002-06-03
EP1343703B1 (de) 2007-07-25
ATE367981T1 (de) 2007-08-15
US20060272970A1 (en) 2006-12-07
IL156061A (en) 2008-07-08
BR0115561A (pt) 2003-09-16
MXPA03004536A (es) 2004-03-26
DE10195050D2 (de) 2003-10-09
KR20030070036A (ko) 2003-08-27
AU2002221885B2 (en) 2007-05-24
US6719162B2 (en) 2004-04-13
CA2429637C (en) 2011-02-15
US7108133B2 (en) 2006-09-19
CZ20031539A3 (en) 2004-07-14
US7648040B2 (en) 2010-01-19
EP1343703A1 (de) 2003-09-17
CA2429637A1 (en) 2002-05-30
BR0115561B1 (pt) 2012-09-04
ES2290200T3 (es) 2008-02-16
WO2002042178A1 (de) 2002-05-30
HUP0302662A2 (hu) 2003-11-28
JP4248235B2 (ja) 2009-04-02
CZ296308B6 (cs) 2006-02-15
NO20032260D0 (no) 2003-05-20
US20030015529A1 (en) 2003-01-23
NO327787B1 (no) 2009-09-21
IL156061A0 (en) 2003-12-23
US20040154943A1 (en) 2004-08-12
DE50112772D1 (de) 2007-09-06
KR100805856B1 (ko) 2008-02-21
DK1343703T3 (da) 2007-10-29
NO20032260L (no) 2003-07-17
JP2004514606A (ja) 2004-05-20

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