CN1478116A - 钛/锆催化剂和其制备酯或聚酯的用途 - Google Patents
钛/锆催化剂和其制备酯或聚酯的用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1478116A CN1478116A CNA018198872A CN01819887A CN1478116A CN 1478116 A CN1478116 A CN 1478116A CN A018198872 A CNA018198872 A CN A018198872A CN 01819887 A CN01819887 A CN 01819887A CN 1478116 A CN1478116 A CN 1478116A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- catalyzer
- ortho ester
- zirconium
- ester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
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- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
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- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadien-1-ol Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\CO MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNVGBIALRHLALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCCCO UNVGBIALRHLALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHKOAJUTRVTYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-aminophenyl)methyl]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N OHKOAJUTRVTYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTNMPUFESIRPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-aminophenyl)methyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N UTNMPUFESIRPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FHKSXSQHXQEMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CO FHKSXSQHXQEMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVIYEYCFMVPYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CCO AVIYEYCFMVPYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
- B01J31/1658—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/223—At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
- C08G18/4241—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols in combination with polycarboxylic acids and/or polyhydroxy compounds which are at least trifunctional
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/85—Germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, or compounds thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯与一种或多种多元醇反应生产的催化剂。将具有至少两个羟基并具有数均分子量为至少180g/mol的化合物用作多元醇组分。本发明还涉及生产上述催化剂的方法和其用于生产低着色的酯或聚酯的用途,该酯或聚酯可用于生产PUR泡沫。
Description
本发明涉及新型钛/锆催化剂,制备这些催化剂的方法,和其在制备酯或聚酯的酯化反应,酯交换反应和缩聚反应中的用途。
聚酯是重要的工业聚合物,多年以来例如用于生产纤维或作为聚氨酯体系中的多元醇组分的(参见G.Oertel in PolyurethaneHandbook,Hanser Publishers(1994),65-72页)。聚酯通过低分子量多羧酸(例如己二酸)与低分子量多元醇(例如二甘醇)直接酯化或通过由多元羧酸烷基酯和多元醇起始的酯交换制备。催化剂通常用于上述反应中以缩短反应器占用时间和形成高分子量(参见,R.E.Wilfong in Journal of Polymer Science,vol.54(1961),385-410页和A.Fradet,E.Maréchal in Advances in Polymer Science 43,Springer Verlag(1982),51-142页)。很多工业方法使用例如锰、锌、锑或锡盐作为酯化,酯交换或缩聚反应的催化剂。然而,上述某些金属化合物存在的问题是趋于形成不可溶的配合物,这些配合物在进一步加工酯或聚酯时会造成问题。此外,上述化合物类的生理不可接受性能和潜在有害影响逐渐增加反对其用作催化剂的作用。
有机钛化合物,特别是钛原酸酯(如四异丙醇钛和四正丁醇钛)也是有效的并且经常使用的酯化、酯交换和缩聚催化剂(例如US-A2,822,348)。然而,由于存在各种缺点,这些钛催化剂的一般用途受到限制。如此,有机钛化合物不可溶于反应混合物(例如聚(钛烷基酯))中,导致催化剂不均匀分布并对活性有影响。此外,某些催化剂是水解敏感的,它损害催化剂体系的贮存稳定性。此外,在反应期间,会生成聚合钛化合物,最终导致浑浊反应产品,该产品只能借助昂贵的过滤工艺纯化。此外,钛化合物通常与同样在酯化,酯交换或缩聚反应期间生成的痕量不纯物(如醛)反应,并按此方式在反应产品中产生不希望的变黄。已能证明这种不希望的变色可通过使用多组分催化剂体系克服。因此,例如US 6,080,834描述了由在溶剂中的钛化合物、配位试剂(例如羟基羧酸)、磷化合物和非必要的其它添加剂组成的催化剂体系。使用由钛原酸酯、醇(例如乙二醇),2-羟基羧酸和碱(例如氢氧化钠)组成的催化剂体系描述于例如US-A 5,866,710中。这种复杂催化剂体系的制备显然昂贵,因此当用于酯化,酯交换和缩聚反应中时具有很大的经济影响。此外,存在的危险是,在各种应用(例如聚氨酯体系)中进一步处理酯或聚酯将受到催化剂体系中存在的上述添加剂影响。
基于上述原因,需要具有最可能简单组成、在酯化,酯交换和/或缩聚反应中高活性、在起始组分和最终产品中足够的溶解度和良好的耐水解性特征并且在生理上可接受的新型催化剂。还需要本发明的催化剂导致具有改进的光学性能(例如聚酯产品中较少的不需要颜色)的反应产品。
现在,已令人吃惊地发现,当使用合适的起始物质时,可制备新型催化剂,该催化剂与上述催化剂相比,特别具有更简单并因此更经济的组成和良好的耐水解性。此外,本发明的催化剂提供具有改进光学性能,即酯或聚酯中的较低不希望颜色的反应产品。还获得本发明催化剂的其它优点(例如高活性、在起始组分和最终产品中的良好溶解度、生理可接受性)。
因此,本发明提供催化剂,该催化剂可通过
a)钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯
与
b)具有至少两个羟基并具有数均分子量为至少180g/mol的一种或多种多元醇反应获得,
其中多元醇b)与钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯a)的摩尔比为至少2∶1。
钛或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯a)用于制备本发明的催化剂。在优选的实施方案中,原酸酯具有通式M(OR)4,其中M表示钛或锆,R表示相同或不同的直链的、支化的或环状的烷基。烷基R优选具有1至6个碳原子。特别优选的原酸酯是四异丙氧基钛和四正丁氧基钛。用于制备本发明的催化剂的缩合酯一般通过小心部分水解钛/锆原酸酯获得,并特别但非排它性地由通式R1O[M(OR1)2O]nR1表示,其中M表示钛或锆,R1表示相同或不同的、并为支化的或环状的烷基,其中n<20,优选n<10。基团R1优选具有1至6个碳原子。特别优选的缩合原酸酯为聚(异丙氧基钛)和聚(丁氧基钛)。
为制备本发明的催化剂,将组分a)与一种或多种多元醇组分b)反应。根据本发明,可使用具有至少两个羟基并具有数均分子量至少180g/mol的多元醇,特别优选具有2个至6个羟基和分子量为180g/mol至4500g/mol的那些多元醇。
在一个优选的实施方案中,多元醇b)为聚醚多元醇。本发明使用的聚醚多元醇例如可通过烯化氧在氢氧化铯,-铷,-锶或-钡或另外的碱催化剂存在下加聚到多官能起始化合物上而制备。本发明使用的聚醚多元醇优选用高活性双金属氰化物催化剂由平均具有2至8,优选2至6个活性氢原子的起始化合物和一种或多种烯化氧制备,如EP-A761,708中描述的。
优选的起始化合物是每分子具有至少两个羟基的分子,如1,2-乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、一缩二丙二醇、三甘醇、二缩三丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、,1,4-丁二醇、1,2-己二醇、1,3-己二醇、1,4-己二醇、1,5-己二醇、1,6-己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇和蔗糖。另一些优选的起始化合物是氨或具有至少一个伯或仲胺基团的化合物,例如脂族胺,如1,2-二氨基乙烷、1,2-二氨基乙烷的低聚物(如二亚乙基三胺,三亚乙基四胺或五亚乙基六胺)、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,3-二氨基丁烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,2-二氨基己烷、1,3-二氨基己烷、1,4-二氨基己烷、1,5-二氨基己烷、1,6-二氨基己烷,芳胺,如1,2-二氨基苯、1,3-二氨基苯、1,4-二氨基苯、2,3-二氨基甲苯、2,4-二氨基甲苯、3,4-二氨基甲苯、2,5-二氨基甲苯、2,6-二氨基甲苯、2,2′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,或通过苯胺与甲醛酸催化缩合获得的其它芳胺,或除伯、仲或叔胺基外还具有羟基的化合物,如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺。起始化合物可以单独或作为混合物使用。
特别优选用于与高活性双金属氰化物催化剂反应的起始化合物可通过常规碱金属催化剂自上述羟基官能低分子量起始化合物和烯化氧,如环氧乙烷、甲基环氧乙烷和/或乙基环氧乙烷获得。
用于制备本发明使用的聚醚多元醇的优选烯化氧为环氧乙烷、甲基环氧乙烷和乙基环氧乙烷。这些可单独或作为混合物使用。当作为混合物使用时,可以无规或嵌段方式加入烯化氧或使用先后的两个方法。
还可单独使用由芳族和/或脂族多元羧酸与含至少两个羟基的多元醇形成的一种或多种聚醚多元醇,或与上述聚醚多元醇的混合物作为多元醇组分b)。二元羧酸的例子为邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、富马酸、马来酸、壬二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、丙二酸和丁二酸。可使用纯二元羧酸或其任意混合物。除了游离二元羧酸外,还可使用相应的二元羧酸衍生物,如具有1至4个碳原子的醇的二元羧酸单酯或二酯。二元羧酸酐,如邻苯二甲酸酐或马来酸酐也可用作羧酸组分。下面是优选用作酯化的多元醇组分:乙二醇、二甘醇、四甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和其混合物。还可使用得自内酯,如ε-己内酯,或羟基羧酸,如ω-羟基羧酸的聚酯多元醇。多元醇也可包含聚醚酯多元醇,如通过邻苯二甲酸酐与二甘醇反应,接着与环氧乙烷反应获得的那些。
多元醇组分b)除具有平均OH-官能度为至少2.0的多元醇(例如聚醚、聚酯)外,还包含至多80wt.%的一种或多种单官能醇。
本发明的催化剂通过钛或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯a)与一种或多种多元醇b)反应制备,其中多元醇与钛和/或锆化合物的摩尔比-如所述的-为至少2∶1。优选使用3mol至5mol多元醇/摩尔钛和/或锆化合物。本发明的催化剂通过将组分a)与b)混合并除去已形成的副产物(如1-丁醇,在原酸酯的情况下为例如四丁醇钛时)。在优选的实施方案中,首先加入多元醇,接着加入原酸酯或缩合原酸酯,然后在温度80至250℃、优选100℃至200℃下和非必要地在减压下蒸出所形成的副产品。本发明的催化剂可溶于所有通常溶剂,如醇或二醇中。优选的溶剂为乙二醇、二甘醇、一缩二丙二醇、丁二醇和/或己二醇。
因此,本发明还提供制备本发明的催化剂的方法,其特征在于将钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯a)与具有至少两个羟基并具有数均分子量为至少180g/mol的一种或多种多元醇b)反应,其中多元醇与钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯的摩尔比为至少2∶1。
此外,本发明还提供本发明的催化剂通过合适的酯化-、酯交换-或缩聚反应制备酯或聚酯的用途。
如上所述,酯或聚酯可用本发明的催化剂,通过低分子量多元羧酸或酸酐与低分子量多元醇,或通过由多元羧酸烷基酯和多元醇起始的酯交换反应制备。直接酯化和酯交换也可由羟基羧酸起始进行。用本发明的催化剂制备酯或聚酯的优选方法借助缩聚反应进行。
用于制备酯和/或聚酯的低分子量多元羧酸的例子是邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、富马酸、马来酸、壬二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、丙二酸和丁二酸。可使用纯二元羧酸或其任意混合物。也可以使用二元羧酸酐,如邻苯二甲酸酐或马来酸酐。除了游离多元羧酸或羧酸酐外,还可使用合适的二元羧酸衍生物,如具有1至4个碳原子的醇的二元羧酸单酯或二酯。通常使用低级同系物,如甲基酯,因为在反应期间生成的醇通过蒸馏除去。下面是优选用作制备酯或聚酯的多元醇组分:乙二醇、二甘醇、四甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇或其混合物。
通过使用本发明的催化剂酯化、酯交换或缩聚而根据本发明制备酯或聚酯可在宽范围反应条件下进行。优选在温度间隔100至350℃,特别优选150至230℃下进行,其中压力取决于反应进展在0.001巴至大气压之间变化。在制备期间使用的本发明催化剂的加入量取决于催化剂的钛或锆的含量(Ti/Zr)。通常,金属浓度为0.1ppm至500ppm,优选1ppm至12ppm,相对于反应产品的总质量。
使用己二酸和二甘醇与三羟甲基丙烷的混合物制备聚酯多元醇是优选的。在典型的间歇工艺中,将起始物质在反应器中加热至温度最高200℃并在大气压下蒸出生成的水。加入本发明催化剂(1至12ppm金属)后,将压力逐步降至15mba。在200℃下蒸出反应水直至酸值为≤1.0mg KOH/g。显然,聚酯可在短程蒸发器中处理,由此除去环酯组分(200℃/0.05mbar)。
本发明的聚酯可用于制备聚氨酯泡沫,特别是柔软泡沫。此外,本发明的聚酯显然也可用于制备其它PUR体系(例如可倾倒弹性体、纤维)。
本发明方法代表了制备特别具有优良颜色质量特征的酯或聚酯的新的有效方法。
本发明的内容将用选取的实施例进行解释。
实施例实施例中使用如下简称。
聚醚 | OH值[mg KOH/g] | 起始物官能度 | 伯OH基团 |
PET1 | 515 | 2 | 0% |
PET2 | 374 | 2 | 100% |
PET3 | 550 | 3 | 0% |
表1:使用的聚醚多元醇的简称
制备本发明催化剂
实施例1
将聚醚PET1(0.48kg;2.20mol)投入带有蒸馏桥(Destillationsbrücke)的反应容器中,并脱水1小时(120℃/15mbar)。然后将容器冷却至100℃,用氮气冲洗并加入0.23倍摩尔量(相对于聚醚)的四正丁醇钛(0.17kg,0.50mol)。将温度从140℃慢慢升至200℃,在此期间将1-丁醇从反应混合物中蒸馏蒸出。当蒸馏物不在流出时,将温度降至160℃,并借助水泵或油泵将压力逐步降至0.5mbar,以从反应混合物中除去残余1-丁醇。为完成反应,将温度再次升至200℃。获得具有Ti含量5.32%(相对于催化剂的总重量)和粘度700mPas(25℃)的浅黄色反应产品。
实施例2
使用与上面实施例1中描述的类似方法,将聚醚PET1与0.33倍摩尔量的四正丁醇钛(相对于聚醚)反应。获得具有Ti含量6.85%(相对于催化剂的总重量)和粘度18100mPas(25℃)的浅黄色反应产品。
实施例3
使用与上面实施例1中描述的类似方法,将聚醚PET2与0.23倍摩尔量的四正丁醇钛(相对于聚醚)反应。获得具有Ti含量3.85%(相对于催化剂的总重量)和粘度6100mPas(25℃)的浅黄色反应产品。
实施例4
使用与上面实施例1中描述的类似方法,将聚醚PET3与0.25倍摩尔量的四正丁醇钛(相对于聚醚)反应。获得具有Ti含量3.78%(相对于催化剂的总重量)和粘度30200mPas(25℃)的浅黄色反应产品。
实施例5
使用与上面实施例1中描述的类似方法,将具有平均分子量440g/mol的聚(己二酸乙二醇酯)与0.25倍摩尔量的四正丁醇钛(相对于聚酯)反应。获得具有Ti含量2.66%(相对于催化剂的总重量)和粘度920mPas(25℃)的浅黄色反应产品。
实施例6
使用与上面实施例1中描述的类似方法,将聚醚PET2与0.23倍摩尔量的四正丁醇锆(相对于聚醚)反应。获得具有Zr含量7.09%(相对于催化剂的总重量)的浅黄色高粘度反应产品。
使用本发明催化剂制备聚酯
实施例7-15
将来自实施例1至6的反应产品用于制备聚酯。将四正丁醇钛或四正丁醇锆(不根据本发明,比较例13、14)用作比较催化剂。比较例15描述不加入催化剂制备聚酯。
将二甘醇(3.986kg;37.6mol)和三羟甲基丙烷(0.242kg;11.8mol)作为多元醇组分和己二酸(5.186kg;35.5mol)作为多元羧酸组分首先加入反应器中,并将反应混合物在氮气下在200℃下加热直至在大气压下不再蒸出水为止。然后加入来自实施例1至6的本发明催化剂,其中加入量按照这种方式选取,使得反应产物中生成可比较的金属浓度。随着反应进展,将反应器中的压力逐步降至约15mba,其中蒸出另外的水。该缩聚反应在约200℃继续进行,直至酸值降至≤1.0mg KOH/g为止。真空相的持续时间为使用的催化剂的特征并定义为反应时间。
实施例 催化剂 催化剂的量 反应时间 酸值[g] [hr] [mg KOH/g] |
7 实施例1 1.07 8 1.08 实施例2 0.81 9 0.59 实施例3 1.47 8 0.810 实施例4 2.00 8 0.811 实施例5 2.47 9 0.512 实施例6 6.98 15 0.913* Ti(OBu)4 0.40 8 0.614* Zr(OBu)4 1.92 15 0.915* 无 0.00 >25 1.2 |
表2:本发明实施例7-12;比较例13-15
表2说明,与四丁醇钛相比(实施例13),本发明的钛催化剂(在实施例7-11中)具有大约相同的活性。对于本发明实施例6,与四丁醇锆(实施例14)相比,还发现真空相的可比较的反应器占用时间。当不使用催化剂时(实施例15),正如可预期的,必须采用长反应时间和不利的转化率。
聚酯的光学性能
实施例16-21
将来自实施例1-4和6的催化剂按上述方式用于制备聚酯并测试反应产品的光学性能。将作为通用酯化-和酯交换催化剂的四正丁醇钛(比较例21)用于对比。
实施例 催化剂 金属浓度 产品颜色[ppm] [Hazen] |
16 实施例1 7 1817 实施例2 7 2418 实施例3 7 2519 实施例4 9 2420 实施例6 61 2921* Ti(OBu)4 7 47 |
表3:本发明的实施例16-20;比较例21
表3说明与四丁醇钛(实施例21)相比当使用本发明的钛催化剂(实施例16-19)时,获得具有改进光学性能,即约半颜色指数(halbierten Farbzahl)(约18-25 Hazen)的聚酯。还发现当使用本发明的锆催化剂(实施例6)时,聚酯的变黄降低。
本发明催化剂的耐水解性
实施例22-24
为检测水解敏感性,将实施例3和4中的催化剂溶于丁二醇(40wt%)中并在开口容器中进行大气水分/氧气处理。将四丁醇钛的溶液用于对比(实施例24,不是本发明)。在限定的时间间隔后测定催化剂的水解程度。出现浑浊或粘稠溶液可解释为发生部分水解;出现白色固体材料可解释为(几乎)完全水解。
实施例 催化剂 1天 3天 14天 |
22 实施例3 透明溶液 透明溶液 浑浊溶液23 实施例4 透明溶液 透明溶液 透明溶液24 Ti(OBu)4 透明溶液 粘稠溶液 白色固体 |
表4:实施例22-24
表4说明,与四丁醇钛(比较例24)相比,本发明的催化剂(实施例22、23)具有对空气湿气/氧气更改进的稳定性。
当用纯物质(即无溶剂)重复耐水解试验时,观察到5小时后四丁醇钛完全水解。本发明实施例3在表面形成类似凝胶的表皮,表示部分水解,与此相比,本发明的实施例4甚至在5天后保持不改变,稳定,并可用作上述缩聚反应的活性未改变(在真空相中8小时后酸值:0.8mg KOH/g)的催化剂。
Claims (10)
1.钛/锆催化剂,可通过
a)钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯
与
b)具有至少两个羟基并具有数均分子量为至少180g/mol的一种或多种多元醇反应获得,
其中多元醇b)与钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯a)的摩尔比为至少2∶1。
2.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于多元醇b)与钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯a)的摩尔比为3∶1至5∶1。
3.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于使用的钛和/或锆的原酸酯为通式M(OR)4的那些,其中M表示钛和/或锆,R表示相同或不同的直链的、支化的或环状的烷基。
4.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于将四异丙氧基钛和四正丁氧基钛用作原酸酯。
5.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于钛和/或锆的缩合原酸酯为通式R1O[M(OR1)2O]nR1的那些,其中M表示钛和/或锆,R1表示相同或不同的直链的、支化的或环状的烷基和n为<20。
6.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于将聚(异丙氧基钛)和聚(丁氧基钛)用作缩合原酸酯。
7.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于将通过烯化氧在碱催化剂存在下加聚到多官能起始化合物上而制备的聚醚多元醇用作多元醇。
8.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于将由芳族和/或脂族多元羧酸和具有至少两个羟基的多元醇制备的聚酯多元醇用作多元醇。
9.制备权利要求1的催化剂的方法,其特征在于将
a)钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯
与
b)具有至少两个羟基并具有数均分子量为至少180g/mol的一种或多种多元醇反应,
其中多元醇b)与钛和/或锆的原酸酯或缩合原酸酯a)的摩尔比为至少2∶1。
10.权利要求1的催化剂用于制备酯或聚酯的用途,所述酯或聚酯又可用于制备PUR泡沫。
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DE10059612.6 | 2000-12-01 | ||
DE10059612A DE10059612A1 (de) | 2000-12-01 | 2000-12-01 | Titan-/Zirkonium-Katalysatoren sowie deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Estern oder Polyestern |
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EP (1) | EP1339774B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4098084B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100799032B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1240748C (zh) |
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AU (1) | AU2002223683A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE10059612A1 (zh) |
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US6841505B2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2005-01-11 | E..I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Titanium-zirconium catalyst compositions and use thereof |
DE102004020582B4 (de) * | 2004-04-27 | 2020-01-30 | Lurgi Zimmer Gmbh | Polykondensationsverfahren unter Verwendung eines Katalysators und dafür geeigneter Katalysator |
JP5859462B2 (ja) | 2010-02-26 | 2016-02-10 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 熱可塑性ポリウレタンのために、触媒化された顆粒化物質の熱処理 |
US8455608B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2013-06-04 | Basf Se | Catalyzed pellet heat treatment for thermoplastic polyurethanes |
MX2014007223A (es) | 2011-12-20 | 2014-09-22 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | Hidroxiaminopolimeros y procedimientos para su preparacion. |
CN112920387A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 | 一种合成聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的催化剂、制备方法及聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯 |
US20220332940A1 (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-10-20 | Chang Chun Plastics Co., Ltd. | Polyester composition and method for preparing the same, product and application |
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US2822348A (en) | 1951-11-14 | 1958-02-04 | Du Pont | Ester interchange catalysts |
US3047515A (en) * | 1956-07-09 | 1962-07-31 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Preparation of polyesters using titanium-containing catalysts |
GB1590291A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1981-05-28 | Teijin Ltd | Process for the preparation of polyesters |
US4705764A (en) * | 1985-10-03 | 1987-11-10 | Research Development Corporation Of Japan | Esterification and/or ester interchange catalyst |
FR2602229B1 (fr) * | 1986-07-31 | 1988-09-09 | Charbonnages Ste Chimique | Procede de preparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques insatures |
US5097004A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-03-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Novel polyesters and their use in compostable products such as disposable diapers |
US5605940A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1997-02-25 | The Celotex Corporation | High equivalent weight polyester polyols for closed cell, rigid foams |
GB9612161D0 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1996-08-14 | Tioxide Specialties Ltd | Esterification process |
GB9725419D0 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 1998-01-28 | Tioxide Specialties Ltd | Esterification catalysts |
US6080834A (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-06-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Titanium-containing catalyst composition and processes therefor and therewith |
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- 2001-11-19 ES ES01998579T patent/ES2299535T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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KR100799032B1 (ko) | 2008-01-28 |
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HUP0302152A2 (hu) | 2003-09-29 |
ES2299535T3 (es) | 2008-06-01 |
KR20030068165A (ko) | 2003-08-19 |
HUP0302152A3 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
US6541411B2 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
JP2004514771A (ja) | 2004-05-20 |
WO2002044243A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
CN1240748C (zh) | 2006-02-08 |
EP1339774A1 (de) | 2003-09-03 |
AU2002223683A1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
JP4098084B2 (ja) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1339774B1 (de) | 2008-01-23 |
ATE384752T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
DE10059612A1 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
PL361838A1 (en) | 2004-10-04 |
DE50113540D1 (de) | 2008-03-13 |
PT1339774E (pt) | 2008-04-15 |
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