CN1470415A - 燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元 - Google Patents

燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元 Download PDF

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CN1470415A
CN1470415A CNA021596077A CN02159607A CN1470415A CN 1470415 A CN1470415 A CN 1470415A CN A021596077 A CNA021596077 A CN A021596077A CN 02159607 A CN02159607 A CN 02159607A CN 1470415 A CN1470415 A CN 1470415A
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control unit
fuel cell
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李相燉
金泰佑
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/0494Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M16/003Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/04858Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04947Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/32Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/10DC to DC converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,该电源控制单元包括第一切换单元、第二切换单元、控制单元、以及电极。第一切换单元的一端与燃料电池组以及DC/AC转换器的正极并联连接,并且其另一端与换流器相连。第二切换单元的一端与换流器以及DC/AC转换器的负极并联连接,并且其另一端与燃料电池组的负极相连。控制单元对第一和第二切换单元的触点进行切换,以控制将燃料电池组或蓄电池的电源提供给发动机。二极管正向与燃料电池组的正极连接,以阻止发动机的电动势施加到燃料电池组。

Description

燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元
发明领域
本发明涉及一种燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,尤其是涉及一种用于控制燃料电池、蓄电池和发动机间的电源流动的电源控制单元。
发明背景
燃料电池是一种将化学能转换成电能的电化学设备,该设备具有高利用率的优点,与现有的能源相反,它不会放出有毒烟气,并且它可使用各种燃料,因此它被认为是将来的能源。
上述燃料电池通过电化学反应将诸如LNG、LPG、甲醇之类的氧化剂所释放的化学能转化成电能,并且它采用了易于在天然气和空气的氧气中产生的氢气。
为了解决诸如能源成本、环境污染、地球变暖之类的问题,燃料电池被用作车辆的电源以替换现有的内燃机。
然而当燃料电池被用作车辆的电源时,它具有这样的缺点:在它于开始的冷启动阶段被启动之前,它不能产生足够的电能来驱动发动机。
为了补偿该缺点,研制了可同时使用电池和燃料电池的混合动力型车辆。
如上所述,传统的燃料电池混合动力型车辆通过在燃料电池和车辆控制器之间安装一个用作安全设备的继电器,以阻止在车辆减速或停车时由发动机所产生的电动势施加到燃料电池,从而无需用一个独立的设备来管理特定电压路径,该路径将高电压提供给作为驱动源的发动机。
此外,传统的具有电源连接单元的燃料电池混合动力型车辆具有这样的缺点,即在对电源单元的极性进行控制时存在很多困难,其上的控制程序很复杂,这是由于要同时控制电源单元的负极(-)和正极(+),并且控制程序不可以控制将来自燃料电池的电源、还是将来自蓄电池的电源作为提供给发动机的电源。
发明概要
在本发明的优选实施例中,燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元包括第一切换单元、第二切换单元、一控制单元、以及一二极管。第一切换单元的一端与燃料电池组以及DC/AC转换器的正极并联连接,并且其另一端与换流器相连。第二切换单元的一端与换流器以及DC/AC转换器的负极并联连接,并且其另一端与燃料电池组的负极相连。控制单元对第一和第二切换单元的触点进行切换,从而控制将燃料电池组或蓄电池的电源提供给发动机。二极管正向与燃料电池组的正极连接,以阻止发动机的电动势进入燃料电池组。
第一和第二切换单元最好包括多个开/关切换元件,第一切换元件和第二切换元件最好是继电器,该继电器根据来自于控制单元的控制信号来进行开/关切换。
此外,第一和第二切换单元的两个继电器最好彼此并联连接。
控制单元最好是控制第一和第二切换单元的切换,使得电动机由燃料电池组所产生的电源来驱动。
此外,控制单元控制第一和第二切换单元的切换,使得电动机由蓄电池所产生的电源来驱动。
控制单元最好是控制第一和第二切换单元的切换,使得由燃料电池组所产生的电源被提供给蓄电池以作为充电电源。
此外,控制单元最好是控制第一和第二切换单元的切换,使得由燃料电池组所产生的电源以及由蓄电池所产生的电源被同时提供给发动机。
根据本发明另一实施例,燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元最好是进一步包括一个熔断器,其用于保护蓄电池使之免于过电流,并且该熔断器连接在第一切换单元和DC/DC转换器之间,以阻止发动机的电动势施加到燃料电池组。
附图简要说明
结合附图而参看下述详细说明,则易于更全面地认识、且更好地理解本发明以及其伴随而来的许多优点,在附图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的元件,其中:
图1给出了根据本发明的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源连接单元的结构框图;
图2给出了当电动机仅仅是由燃料电池的电源来驱动时用于连接驱动电源的电压流向状态示意图,该燃料电池处于根据本发明的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源连接单元中;
图3给出了当电动机仅仅是由蓄电池的电源来驱动时用于连接驱动电源的电压流向状态示意图,该蓄电池处于根据本发明的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源连接单元中;
图4给出了在根据本发明的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源连接单元中,利用燃料电池电源对蓄电池进行充电时的电压流向状态示意图。
优选实施例的详细说明
根据附图而在下文中对本发明进行进一步的说明,在这些附图中显示了本发明的优选实施例。然而,本发明可以通过许多不同的形式加以实施,不应认为局限于这里所提出的实施例。
如图1所示,根据本发明的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源连接单元100包括控制器110、第一继电器接触器(relay contactor)120、第二继电器接触器130、二极管140以及熔断器150。
控制器110根据由点火开关10所提供的起动开/关信号而启动/停用,并且当根据点火开关10的起动信号而提供操作电源时,控制器110进行控制,使得根据来自上部控制器70的控制信号,将通过DC/DC转换器40而提供的蓄电池电源或在燃料电池组20中所产生的电源提供给发动机60。
此外,控制器110还进行控制,使得以燃料电池组20中所产生的电压并通过制动发动机时所产生的再生制动能量(regenerative brakingenergy),对蓄电池30进行充电。
第一继电器接触器120与燃料电池组20以及DC/DC转换器相连,而该DC/DC转换器又并联地与换流器50的正极(+)连接,并且第一继电器接触器120包括第一继电器121和第二继电器123,根据控制器110的控制信号来切换第一和第二继电器的触点。如图所示,第一继电器121和第二继电器123彼此并联连接。
根据控制器110的控制信号来切换第一继电器121和第二继电器123,以将来自燃料单元组20的输出电源提供给换流器50或者将来自蓄电池30的输出电源提供给换流器50。
第二继电器接触器130与燃料单元组20以及DC/DC转换器相连,该DC/DC转换器又并联地与换流器50的负极(-)连接,并且第二继电器接触器130包括第一继电器131和第二继电器133,根据控制器110的控制信号来切换第一和第二继电器的触点。
根据控制器110的控制信号来切换第一继电器131和第二继电器133,以将来自燃料单元组20的输出电源提供给换流器50或者将来自蓄电池30的输出电源提供给换流器50。
二极管140最好具有大电容并正向与连接燃料电池组20的正极(+)连接,以阻止在电动机60中所产生的高压电动势进入燃料电池组20。
熔断器150与DC/DC转换器40的正极(+)相连,当产生负载中的过电流或内流(inflow)电动势时,该熔断器150断开,从而保护蓄电池30和整个系统。
具有上述结构的本发明的电源连接单元按照如下方式执行操作:首先,当发动机60仅仅由燃料电池组20来驱动时,如图2所示,控制器110检测控制信号,该控制信号是来自上部控制器70的指令,用以仅仅利用由燃料电池组20所产生的电源来驱动发动机60,在这样的状态下,控制器110通过点火开关10的启动触点来接收启动信息。然后,控制器110对第一和第二继电器120和130的触点进行切换,以仅仅利用由燃料电池组20所产生的电源来驱动发动机60。
换句话说,如图所示,控制器110断开第一继电器接触器120中的第一继电器121的触点并闭合第二继电器123的触点,并且它断开第二继电器接触器130中的第一继电器131的触点并闭合第二继电器133的触点。
因此,形成了将燃料电池组20连接到换流器50的电压/电流通路,以根据换流器50的PWM切换来驱动发动机60。
此外,当在初始冷启动条件下仅仅使用蓄电池30的电源来驱动发动机60时,则如图3所示,控制器110检测控制信号,该控制信号是来自上部控制器70的指令,用以仅仅利用由蓄电池30所产生的电压来驱动发动机60,在这样的状态下,控制器110通过点火开关10的启动触点来接收启动信息。然后,控制器110对第一和第二继电器接触器120和130的触点进行切换,从而仅仅利用由蓄电池30所产生的电源来驱动发动机60。
换句话说,如图所示,控制器110断开第一继电器接触器120中的第一继电器121的触点并闭合第二继电器123的触点,并且它断开第二继电器接触器130中的第一继电器131和第二继电器133的触点。
因此,形成了将蓄电池30连接到换流器50的电压/电流通路,以根据换流器50的PWM切换来驱动发动机60。
另外,当燃料电池组20所产生的电源不用于驱动发动机60,而是仅仅用于对蓄电池30进行充电时,则如图4所示,控制器110检测一控制信号,该控制信号是来自上部控制器70的指令,用以将燃料电池组20所产生的电压提供给蓄电池30以对其进行充电,而非利用燃料电池组20来驱动电动机60,在这样的状态下,控制器110通过点火开关10的启动触点来接收启动信息。然后,控制器110对第一和第二继电器接触器120和130的触点进行切换,从而仅仅利用由燃料单元组20所产生的电源来对蓄电池30进行充电。
换句话说,如图所示,控制器110断开第一继电器接触器120中的第一继电器121的触点和第二继电器123的触点,并且它断开第二继电器接触器130中的第一继电器131并闭合第二继电器133的触点。
因此,形成了燃料电池单元20与蓄电池30相连的电压/电流通路,从而将燃料电池组20所产生的电源提供给蓄电池30,因此可对蓄电池30进行充电。
尽管上面描述了仅仅将驱动电源提供给发动机60的情况,但是装配在燃料电池混合动力型车辆中的各种负载设备也可选择性地与上述电源相连,以维持稳定的操作。
如上所述,本发明通过同时或选择性地将电源提供给负载而提供了负载的稳定操作,并通过分别对应于每个电极进行控制而提供了方便的电压控制。
虽然根据优选实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,但是应该理解的是本发明并不局域于这些公开的实施例,与此相反,本发明覆盖了在不脱离所附权利要求的精神和范围内所包含的各种修改和等价的方案。

Claims (9)

1.一种燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,其包括:
第一切换单元,该第一切换单元的一端与燃料电池组以及DC/AC转换器的正极并联连接,且其另一端与换流器连接;
第二切换单元,该第二切换单元的一端与所述换流器以及所述DC/AC转换器的负极并联连接,且其另一端与所述燃料电池组的负极连接;
控制单元,该控制单元对所述的第一和第二切换单元的触点进行切换,以控制将所述燃料电池组或所述蓄电池的电源提供给发动机;以及
二极管,该二极管正向与所述燃料电池组的正极连接,以阻止所述发动机的电动势进入所述燃料电池组。
2.根据权利要求1的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,其中所述的第一和第二切换单元包括多个开/关切换元件。
3.根据权利要求2的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,其中所述的第一和第二切换单元的切换元件是继电器,该继电器根据来自于所述控制单元的控制信号而切换开/关。
4.根据权利要求3的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,其中所述的第一和第二切换单元的继电器彼此并联连接。
5.根据权利要求1的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,其中所述控制单元控制所述的第一和第二切换单元的切换,从而使所述发动机由所述燃料电池组所产生的电源驱动。
6.根据权利要求1的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,其中所述控制单元控制所述的第一和第二切换单元的切换,从而使所述发动机由所述蓄电池所产生的电源驱动。
7.根据权利要求1的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,其中所述控制单元控制所述的第一和第二切换单元的切换,从而使得由所述燃料电池组所产生的电源被提供给所述蓄电池以作为充电电源。
8.根据权利要求1的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,其中所述控制单元控制所述的第一和第二切换单元的切换,从而使得由所述燃料电池组所产生的电源和由所述蓄电池所产生的电源被同时提供给所述发动机。
9.根据权利要求1的燃料电池混合动力型车辆的电源控制单元,进一步包括熔断器,该熔断器保护所述蓄电池使其免于过电流,并且该熔断器连接在所述的第一切换单元和DC/DC转换器之间以阻止电动势进入所述蓄电池。
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US6975091B2 (en) 2005-12-13

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