CN101612883B - 一种混合动力驱动系统及其驱动方法 - Google Patents
一种混合动力驱动系统及其驱动方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种混合动力驱动系统及其驱动方法,其中所述驱动系统包括:发动机、离合器、第一电机、第二电机、储能装置、以及减速机构,其中:所述发动机通过离合器与减速机构相连,所述储能装置与第一电机和第二电机分别电连接,所述第二电机与减速机构相连,所述发动机与第一电机相连。所述驱动方法包括:根据所述驱动系统的需求功率以及储能装置的储能状态,控制所述驱动系统处于纯电动工况、串联工况、混联工况、三动力源工况、或者发动机工况。本发明提供的驱动系统结构简单,驱动方法以电机驱动为主,并且可以灵活控制驱动系统处于多种工作模式,以满足实际行驶的需要。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力驱动系统及其驱动方法。
背景技术
目前,由于混合动力汽车在节能环保方面表现优异,因此已逐渐成为汽车行业的发展方向。CN1118387C中公开了一种混合动力驱动系统,如图1所示,其包括发动机1、与发动机1的输出轴2连接的发电机3、用于存储由发电机3产生的电力的电池4、由电池4驱动的电动机5、与发动机1的输出轴2连接的动力传递机构11、以及与电动机5和动力传递机构11连接的减速齿轮6,所述减速齿轮6的输出最终将传递给车轮。
上述驱动系统的驱动方法为,在车辆正常行驶过程中,发动机1驱动发电机3,以通过电动机5将动力输入减速齿轮6,并最终传递到车轮。当车辆处于紧急情况下,如电动机5损坏时,发动机1的输出直接经动力传递机构11输入减速齿轮6,并最终传递到车轮。
但是,在上述这种驱动系统中,用于将发动机1的动力传递到减速齿轮6的动力传递机构11结构复杂,不仅包括离合器,还包括转矩转换器和另一减速齿轮,因此导致整个驱动系统构造复杂,这不仅给系统的整体布置带来不便,而且还使得车身重量增加。此外,该驱动系统的驱动模式单一,能量有效利用率低,不能满足车辆实际行驶时各种复杂工况的动力需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种混合动力驱动系统,该驱动系统结构简单,且具有多种工作模式。
根据本发明的混合动力驱动系统包括:发动机、离合器、第一电机、第二电机、储能装置、以及减速机构,其中:所述发动机通过离合器与减速机构相连,所述储能装置与第一电机和第二电机分别电连接,所述第二电机与减速机构相连,所述发动机与第一电机相连。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种混合动力驱动系统的驱动方法,该驱动方法可控制驱动系统具有多种工作模式。
根据本发明的混合动力驱动系统的驱动方法,其中所述驱动系统包括:发动机、离合器、第一电机、第二电机、储能装置、以及减速机构,其中所述发动机通过离合器与减速机构相连,所述储能装置与第一电机和第二电机分别电连接,所述第二电机与减速机构相连,所述发动机与第一电机相连,所述驱动方法包括:根据所述驱动系统的需求功率以及储能装置的储能状态,控制所述驱动系统处于纯电动工况、串联工况、混联工况、三动力源工况、或者发动机工况。
本发明提供的混合动力驱动系统结构简单,而且该驱动系统的驱动方法可以根据驱动系统的需求功率以及储能装置的储能情况来灵活控制驱动系统处于多种工作模式,并且该方法可以使混合动力驱动系统很好地发挥自身的效能,在满足需求功率的同时实现对能量最大效率的利用,避免发动机处于怠速或低速运转的工况,从而达到提高燃油利用率、减少尾气排放的目的,最终实现整车的低排放、低油耗、以及高动能。本发明的附加特征以及相应的优点在下面的具体实施方式部分进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1为CN1118387C中公开的混合动力驱动系统的结构示意图;
图2为本发明提供的混合动力驱动系统的方框简图;
图3为本发明提供的混合动力驱动系统的优选实施方式的原理简图;
图4为本发明一种实施方式提供的混合动力驱动系统在纯电动工况下的能量传递路径图;
图5为本发明一种实施方式提供的混合动力驱动系统在串联工况下的能量传递路径图;
图6为本发明一种实施方式提供的混合动力驱动系统在并联工况下的能量传递路径图;
图7为本发明一种实施方式提供的混合动力驱动系统在混联工况下的能量传递路径图;
图8为本发明一种实施方式提供的混合动力驱动系统在三动力源工况下的能量传递路径图;以及
图9为本发明一种实施方式提供的混合动力驱动系统在发动机工况下的能量传递路径图。
具体实施方式
下面,将结合附图,对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述。
如图2所示,本发明提供的混合动力驱动系统包括:发动机100、离合器200、第一电机300、第二电机400、储能装置500、以及减速机构600。其中所述发动机100通过离合器200与减速机构600相连,所述储能装置500与第一电机300和第二电机400分别电连接,所述第二电机400与减速机构600相连,所述发动机100与第一电机300相连。
如图3所示,根据本发明的优选实施方式,在所述混合动力驱动系统中,所述离合器200具有离合器盖201,所述发动机100通过离合器盖201与第一电机300相连。
其中,所述发动机100可以为汽油机、柴油机或者甲醇、乙醇等其它燃料发动机等等。所述发动机100通过离合器200与减速机构600相连,从而在离合器200处于接合状态的情况下,当发动机100工作时,发动机100的动力可以通过离合器200传递到减速机构600。所述发动机100通过离合器200的离合器盖201与第一电机300相连,因此当发动机100工作时,不论离合器200是否接合,第一电机300都将被发动机100带动而运转,而当第一电机300工作时,同样也将带动发动机100运转。
所述第一电机300可以为AC交流电机、开关磁阻电机、直流永磁电机等等。根据电磁感应原理,所述第一电机300既可以发电机模式工作,也可以电动机模式工作。以发电机模式工作时,用于将机械能转化为电能。以电动机模式工作时,用于将电能转化为机械能。具体地说,当发动机100工作,发动机100带动第一电机300以发电机模式工作,以将发动机100的动能转化为电能输出至储能装置500。当储能装置500向第一电机300供电时,第一电机300以电动机模式工作,以将电能转化为动能输出至发动机100,即带动发动机100工作。
所述第二电机400可以为AC交流电机、开关磁阻电机、直流永磁电机等等。根据电磁感应原理,所述第二电机400既可以发电机模式工作,也可以电动机模式工作。以发电机模式工作时,用于将机械能转化为电能。以电动机模式工作时,用于将电能转化为机械能。具体地说,当由减速机构600传递来的动能传递至第二电机400时,第二电机400以发电机模式工作,以将减速机构600的动能转化为电能并输出至储能装置500。当储能装置500向第二电机400供电时,第二电机400以电动机模式工作,以将电能转化为动能输出至减速机构600。
所述储能装置500为可控的能量存储装置,例如可以是蓄电池组、燃料电池组等等。所述减速机构600可以为减速齿轮、变速器等等,并且如本领域技术人员所公知的,输送至减速机构600的动力可以通过联轴器、车轮驱动轴等最终传递到车辆车轮,以驱动车辆行驶。
优选情况下,本发明所提供的混合动力驱动系统还包括开关单元501,所述开关单元501用于控制储能装置500与第一电机300之间电连接的通断,例如可以将其置于储能装置500与第一电机300之间。在发动机100工作,发动机100带动第一电机300以发电机模式工作,使得第一电机300将机械能转化为电能,但此时储能装置500储能充足,无需充电的情况下,可以通过所述开关单元501断开储能装置500与第一电机300之间的电连接,这样由于第一电机300没有负载,处于空转状态,因此不向外输出电能。此时由于带动第一电机300空转的动能很小,所以可以忽略不计。
优选情况下,所述储能装置500具有外接充电接口(图中未示出),通过该外接充电接口可以直接使用外部电源对所述储能装置500进行充电,例如可以直接使用家用电源对其进行充电,因此大大提高了使用方便性。
优选情况下,本发明所提供的混合动力驱动系统还包括检测单元(图中未示出),所述检测单元与所述储能装置500电连接,用于检测所述储能装置500的储能状态,即用于检测所述储能装置500的荷电状态。例如可以根据需要设定:当所述检测单元检测到所述储能装置500的荷电状态大于40%时,表示所述储能装置500储能充足;当所述检测单元检测到所述储能装置500的荷电状态小于或等于40%但大于15%时,表示所述储能装置500处于储能不足状态;当所述检测单元检测到所述储能装置500的荷电状态小于或等于15%时,表示所述储能装置500处于储能严重不足状态。
下面,对本发明提供的混合动力驱动系统的驱动方法进行详细说明。
本发明提供的混合动力驱动系统的驱动方法主要包括:根据所述驱动系统的需求功率以及储能装置的储能状态,控制所述驱动系统处于纯电动工况、串联工况、并联工况、混联工况、三动力源工况、或者发动机工况。
其中,1)纯电动工况
当车辆正常平稳行驶且储能装置500储能充足时,比如当驱动系统的需求功率小于或等于第二电机400的输出功率、同时储能装置500的荷电状态大于40%时,控制所述驱动系统处于纯电动工况。在纯电动工况下,只有第二电机400作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,此时,由于储能装置500电能充足,且由储能装置500输送到第二电机400的电能经过能量转化后输出的动能足以满足车辆行驶的要求,所以此时发动机100不工作。由于第一电机300与发动机100相连,因此第一电机300也处于不工作状态,同时离合器200处于分离状态。而储能装置500处于放电状态,以向第二电机400供电,第二电机400以电动机模式工作,以将由储能装置500输送的电能转化为动能并输出至减速机构600,最终动能被输送至车轮700,从而驱动车辆行驶。
纯电动工况下的能量传递路径如图4所示(其中箭头指向为能量传递方向),首先电能从储能装置500传输至第二电机400,经过第二电机400的能量转化,电能被转化为动能,然后第二电机400输出的动能被传输至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700。
2)串联工况
当车辆正常平稳行驶但储能装置500处于储能不足状态时,比如当所述驱动系统的需求功率小于或等于第二电机400的输出功率、同时储能装置500的荷电状态小于或等于40%但大于15%时,控制所述驱动系统处于串联工况。在串联工况下,只有第二电机400作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,此时,由于储能装置500电能不足,需要及时充电,以保证继续行驶,所以启动发动机100,使发动机100带动第一电机300,以将发动机100的动能传递到第一电机300,使第一电机300以发电机模式工作,以将发动机100的动能转化为电能输出至储能装置500对其进行充电。此时由于由储能装置500输送到第二电机400的电能经过能量转化后输出的动能足以满足车辆行驶的要求,所以可以控制离合器200处于分离状态,因此发动机100的动能不会传递到减速机构600。此时只有储能装置500向第二电机400供电,使第二电机400以电动机模式工作,以将由储能装置500输送的电能转化为动能并输出至减速机构600,最终动能被输送至车轮700,从而驱动车辆行驶。
串联工况下的能量传递路径如图5所示(其中箭头指向为能量传递方向),首先发动机100产生的动能经第一电机300转化为电能后传递至储能装置500,然后储能装置500中的电能经第二电机400转化为动能后传递至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700。
3)并联工况
当车辆处于爬坡或加速等行驶工况且储能装置500储能充足时,比如当驱动系统的需求功率大于第二电机400的输出功率且小于或等于第二电机400的输出功率与发动机的输出功率之和、同时储能装置500的荷电状态大于40%时,控制所述驱动系统处于并联工况。在并联工况下,发动机100和第二电机400同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,此时,由于第二电机400输出的动能无法满足车辆行驶要求,需要发动机100为其提供助力,所以启动发动机100,并使离合器200处于接合状态,从而可以通过离合器200将发动机100输出的动能传递到减速机构600。同时,电能充足的储能装置500处于放电状态,以向第二电机400供电,第二电机400以电动机模式工作,以将由储能装置500输送的电能转化为动能并输出至减速机构600。输送至减速机构600的动能最终将全部输送至车轮700,以驱动车辆行驶。此时,由于储能装置500电能充足,所以无需对其进行充电,但是此时发动机100处于工作状态,发动机100会带动第一电机300,使得第一电机300将机械能转化为电能进行输出,因此此时可以通过开关单元501断开储能装置500与第一电机300之间的电连接,这样由于第一电机300没有负载,处于空转状态,因此不会向外输出电能。此时带动第一电机300空转的动能很小,可以忽略不计。
并联工况下的能量传递路径如图6所示(其中箭头指向为能量传递方向),一条能量传递路径为:发动机100产生的动能经离合器200传递至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700;另一条能量传递路径为:储能装置500中的电能经第二电机400转化为动能后传递至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700。
4)混联工况
当车辆处于爬坡或加速等行驶工况但储能装置500处于储能不足状态时,比如当驱动系统的需求功率大于第二电机400的输出功率且小于或等于第二电机400的输出功率与发动机的输出功率之和、同时储能装置500的荷电状态小于或等于40%但大于15%时,控制所述驱动系统处于混联工况。在混联工况下,发动机100和第二电机400同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,此时,一方面,由于第二电机400输出的动能无法满足车辆行驶要求,需要发动机100为其提供助力,所以启动发动机100,并使离合器200处于接合状态,从而可以通过离合器200将发动机100输出的动能传递到减速机构600。同时,由储能装置500向第二电机400供电,第二电机400以电动机模式工作,以将由储能装置500输送的电能转化为动能并输出至减速机构600。输送至减速机构600的动能最终将全部输送至车轮700,以驱动车辆行驶。另一方面,由于储能装置500电能不足,需要及时充电,以保证继续行驶,所以在发动机100处于工作状态的情况下,可以通过离合器200的离合器盖201来使发动机100带动第一电机300,以将发动机100的动能传递到第一电机300,此时第一电机300以发电机模式工作,以将发动机100的动能转化为电能并输出至储能装置500以对其进行充电。
混联工况下的能量传递路径如图7所示(其中箭头指向为能量传递方向),一条能量传递路径为:发动机100产生的部分动能经离合器200传递至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700;另一条能量传递路径为:发动机100产生的另一部分动能经第一电机300转化为电能后传递至储能装置500;再一条能量传递路径为:储能装置500中的电能经第二电机400转化为动能后传递至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700。
5)三动力源工况
当车辆处于极其恶劣的行驶工况时,比如当驱动系统的需求功率大于第二电机400的输出功率与发动机的输出功率之和时,控制所述驱动系统处于三动力源工况。在三动力源工况下,发动机100、第一电机300、以及第二电机400同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,此时,一方面,启动发动机100,使离合器200处于接合状态,以通过离合器200将发动机100自身产生的动能传递到减速机构600。另一方面,由储能装置500向第一电机300供电,第一电机300以电动机模式工作,以将储能装置500输送的电能转化为动能并通过离合器200的离合器盖201输出至发动机100,由于此时离合器200处于接合状态,因此可以通过离合器200将由第一电机300传递来的动能输送到减速机构600。与此同时,储能装置500也向第二电机400供电,第二电机400以电动机模式工作,以将由储能装置500输送的电能转化为动能并输出至减速机构600。输送至减速机构600的动能最终将全部输送至车轮700,以驱动车辆行驶。
三动力源工况下的能量传递路径如图8所示(其中箭头指向为能量传递方向),一条能量传递路径为:发动机100自身产生的动能经离合器200传递至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700;另一条能量传递路径为:储能装置500中的电能经第一电机300转化为动能后,再经发动机100和离合器200传递至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700;再一条能量传递路径为:储能装置500中的电能经第二电机400转化为动能后传递至减速机构600,并最终传输至车轮700。
6)发动机工况
当储能装置500处于储能严重不足状态且车辆处于较好的行驶工况时,比如当储能装置500的荷电状态小于或等于15%,已不足以驱动第二电机400、同时驱动系统的需求功率小于发动机的输出功率时,控制所述驱动系统处于发动机工况。在发动机工况下,仅由发动机100作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,此时,由于储能装置500的电能已经严重不足,已不足以驱动第二电机400,因此需要及时充电,以保证继续行驶。同时,发动机100产生的动能除了能够驱动车辆正常行驶之外还有富余,以带动第一电机300和第二电机400同时为储能装置500充电。于是在此情况下,启动发动机100,并使离合器200处于接合状态,以通过离合器200将发动机100产生的一部分动能传递到减速机构600。同时由于在发动机100处于工作状态的情况下,发动机100可以通过离合器200的离合器盖201带动第一电机300,因此可以将发动机100产生的另一部分动能传递到第一电机300,此时第一电机300以发电机模式工作,以将由发动机100传递的动能转化为电能并输出至储能装置500以对其进行充电。并且,此时传递到减速机构600的一部分动能被最终传递到车轮700以驱动车辆行驶,而另一部分动能则被传递至第二电机400,此时第二电机400以发电机模式工作,以将由减速机构600传递来的动能转化为电能并输出至储能装置500以对其进行充电。
发动机工况下的能量传递路径如图9所示(其中箭头指向为能量传递方向),一条能量传递路径为:发动机100产生的部分动能经离合器200传递至减速机构600后,其中一部分最终传输至车轮700;另一条能量传递路径为:发动机100产生的部分动能经离合器200传递至减速机构600后,其中另一部分传输到第二电机400,经第二电机400转化为电能后传递至储能装置500;再一条能量传递路径为:发动机100产生的另一部分动能经第一电机300转化为电能后传递至储能装置500。
7)外接电源充电工况
由于所述储能装置500具有外接充电接口,因此在车辆停止时可以通过该外接充电接口直接使用外部电源,如家用电源对所述储能装置500进行充电,以提高使用方便性。此时,发动机100、第一电机300、以及第二电机400都不工作,离合器200处于分离状态或接合状态。
此外,需要说明的是,当车辆制动时,发动机100的动能可以通过第一电机300和第二电机400回收,以使第一电机300和第二电机400均以发电机模式工作,从而为储能装置500充电。
本发明提供的混合动力驱动系统的驱动方法可以根据车辆的实际行驶工况,灵活控制驱动系统处于各种工作模式,而且驱动系统以电机驱动为主,并使发动机工作在其最大效率区,从而可以实现节能环保的目的。
Claims (10)
1.一种混合动力驱动系统,所述驱动系统包括:发动机(100)、离合器(200)、第一电机(300)、第二电机(400)、储能装置(500)、以及减速机构(600),其特征在于:所述发动机(100)通过离合器(200)与减速机构(600)相连,所述储能装置(500)与第一电机(300)和第二电机(400)分别电连接,所述第二电机(400)与减速机构(600)相连,所述发动机(100)与第一电机(300)相连,所述离合器(200)具有离合器盖(201),所述发动机(100)通过离合器盖(201)与第一电机(300)相连。
2.一种混合动力驱动系统的驱动方法,其中所述驱动系统包括:发动机(100)、离合器(200)、第一电机(300)、第二电机(400)、储能装置(500)、以及减速机构(600),其中所述发动机(100)通过离合器(200)与减速机构(600)相连,所述储能装置(500)与第一电机(300)和第二电机(400)分别电连接,所述第二电机(400)与减速机构(600)相连,所述发动机(100)与第一电机(300)相连,所述驱动方法包括:
根据所述驱动系统的需求功率以及储能装置(500)的储能状态,控制所述驱动系统处于纯电动工况、串联工况、混联工况、三动力源工况、或者发动机工况,
其中在所述驱动系统中,所述离合器(200)具有离合器盖(201),所述发动机(100)通过离合器盖(201)与第一电机(300)相连。
3.根据权利要求2所述的驱动方法,其中,
当所述驱动系统处于纯电动工况时,发动机(100)和第一电机(300)不工作,离合器(200)处于分离状态,储能装置(500)处于放电状态,由储能装置(500)向第二电机(400)供电,第二电机(400)以电动机模式工作并输出动能至减速机构(600),此时第二电机(400)作为动力源驱动车辆行驶;
当所述驱动系统处于串联工况时,发动机(100)工作并带动第一电机(300)以发电机模式工作,从而对储能装置(500)进行充电,离合器(200)处于分离状态,由储能装置(500)向第二电机(400)供电,第二电机(400)以电动机模式工作并输出动能至减速机构(600),此时第二电机(400)作为动力源驱动车辆行驶;
当所述驱动系统处于混联工况时,发动机(100)工作并带动第一电机(300)以发电机模式工作,从而对储能装置(500)进行充电,离合器(200)处于接合状态,以将发动机(100)输出的动能传递至减速机构(600),同时由储能装置(500)向第二电机(400)供电,第二电机(400)以电动机模式工作并输出动能至减速机构(600),此时发动机(100)和第二电机(400)同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶;
当所述驱动系统处于三动力源工况时,发动机(100)工作,离合器(200)处于接合状态,以将发动机(100)输出的动能传递至减速机构(600),储能装置(500)同时向第一电机(300)和第二电机(400)供电,第一电机(300)以电动机模式工作并带动发动机(100),从而通过离合器(200)将动能传递至减速机构(600),第二电机(400)以电动机模式工作并输出动能至减速机构(600),此时发动机(100)、第一电机(300)、以及第二电机(400)同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶;以及
当所述驱动系统处于发动机工况时,发动机(100)工作,离合器(200)处于接合状态,以将发动机(100)输出的动能传递至减速机构(600),传递至减速机构(600)的一部分动能用于驱动车辆行驶,另一部分动能传递至第二电机(400),以使第二电机(400)以发电机模式工作并对储能装置(500)进行充电,同时发动机(100)带动第一电机(300)以发电机模式工作,从而对储能装置(500)进行充电,此时发动机(100)作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的驱动方法,其中,所述驱动系统还包括用于控制储能装置(500)与第一电机(300)之间电连接的通断的开关单元(501),所述驱动方法还包括控制所述驱动系统处于并联工况,当所述驱动系统处于并联工况时,发动机(100)工作,离合器(200)处于接合状态,以将发动机(100)输出的动能传递至减速机构(600),由储能装置(500)向第二电机(400)供电,第二电机(400)以电动机模式工作并输出动能至减速机构(600),通过所述开关单元(501)断开储能装置(500)与第一电机(300)之间的电连接,从而发动机(100)虽带动第一电机(300)工作,但第一电机(300)处于空转状态,不对储能装置(500)进行充电,储能装置(500)处于放电状态,此时发动机(100)和第二电机(400)同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的驱动方法,其中,所述储能装置(500)具有外接充电接口,所述驱动方法还包括控制所述驱动系统处于外接电源充电工况,当所述驱动系统处于外接电源充电工况时,车辆停止,发动机(100)、第一电机(300)、以及第二电机(400)都不工作,离合器(200)处于分离状态,通过所述储能装置(500)上的外接充电接口使用外接电源为储能装置(500)充电。
6.根据权利要求4所述的驱动方法,其中,
当所述需求功率小于或等于第二电机(400)的输出功率时,控制所述驱动系统处于纯电动工况或串联工况;
当所述需求功率大于第二电机(400)的输出功率且小于或等于第二电机(400)的输出功率与发动机(100)的输出功率之和时,控制所述驱动系统处于并联工况或混联工况;以及
当所述需求功率大于第二电机(400)的输出功率与发动机(100)的输出功率之和时,控制所述驱动系统处于三动力源工况。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动方法,其中,当所述需求功率小于或等于第二电机(400)的输出功率时,进一步判断储能装置(500)的储能状态:
当储能装置(500)处于储能不足状态时,控制所述驱动系统处于串联工况;否则控制所述驱动系统处于纯电动工况。
8.根据权利要求6所述的驱动方法,其中,当所述需求功率大于第二电机(400)的输出功率且小于或等于第二电机(400)的输出功率与发动机(100)的输出功率之和时,进一步判断储能装置(500)的储能状态:
当储能装置(500)处于储能不足状态时,控制所述驱动系统处于混联工况;否则控制所述驱动系统处于并联工况。
9.根据权利要求4所述的驱动方法,其中,当储能装置(500)处于储能严重不足状态,且所述需求功率小于发动机(100)的输出功率时,控制所述驱动系统处于发动机工况。
10.根据权利要求2所述的驱动方法,其中,所述储能装置(500)的储能状态通过与所述储能装置(500)电连接的检测单元获得。
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US12/341,776 US8091659B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-22 | Hybrid vehicle having engageable clutch assembly coupled between engine and traction motor |
US12/341,713 US8676414B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-22 | Hybrid vehicle having multi-mode controller |
US12/341,796 US8028778B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-22 | Hybrid vehicle having torsional coupling between engine assembly and motor-generator |
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