CN1469798A - 呋喃聚合物浸渍木材、制备该聚合物的方法和该聚合物的用途 - Google Patents
呋喃聚合物浸渍木材、制备该聚合物的方法和该聚合物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一种呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其在整个处理区域中具有均匀的颜色和密度。为了制备该聚合物浸渍木材,将原料木材用包含至少糠醇和一种另外的化合物的可聚合有机化合物的混合物浸渍。本发明还涉及制备呋喃聚合物浸渍木材的方法和其用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其在整个处理区域中具有均匀的颜色和密度。为了制备该聚合物浸渍木材,将原料木材用包含至少糠醇和一种另外的化合物的可聚合有机化合物的混合物浸渍。本发明还涉及制备呋喃聚合物浸渍木材的方法和其用途。
背景技术
用糠醇溶液浸渍木材、然后在木材内部聚合糠醇产生呋喃聚合物浸渍木材的现有技术,在处理的区域内产生深褐色的木材聚合物复合材料,正如在下文中描述的,这些方法以不同的方式进行。
1.引发剂
在最早的方法中,引发剂是水溶性盐,尤其是氯化锌。所述盐被溶于水中,然后将溶液加入到糠醇中。盐重量为糠醇重量的大约5%。然后,将该混合物浸渍到木材中并利用加热进行聚合。当进行浸渍时,水和盐被表面附近的木材保留。因此,在木材中达到较深处的糠醇缺少引发剂,并且不能良好地固化。因此,该方法只限于短的或者薄的木材碎片。
较新的方法使用两级方法。首先,生产氯化锌水溶液。将其浸渍到木材中并且将木材干燥。干燥的盐的量为糠醇的计算量的大约5%,其将在以下步骤中被浸渍。然后,将木材用糠醇浸渍。然后,其利用加热进行固化。通过该方法形成了均匀的材料,但是该方法需要2个浸渍和干燥阶段。
2.材料的尺寸
对于较早的方法,由于上述原因,需要剖面薄和长度短的木材。当用上述方法处理时,木料尺寸的材料具有强的颜色和密度梯度,在处理的木材表面附近具有较深和较致密的材料。在表面附近良好处理的区域(或者在小块中),处理的密度在0,9g/cc到1,15g/cc范围之内,而在内部,密度接近原料木材的密度,并且通常存在未固化的糠醇。
较新的方法不像较早的方法那样是尺寸限制的,但是该方法更耗时,因为在第一阶段中的干燥需要小心,以防止干裂和翘曲。
3.材料的颜色
因为利用上述较早的方法形成梯度,材料的颜色随距离表面的深度而变化。因此,机械加工或者砂磨使材料暴露出较浅的颜色,该颜色随距离表面的距离而变化。较新的方法则具有优异的颜色一致性。
发明概述
本发明的一个主要目的是通过利用至少两种化学品以制备均匀的浸渍溶液来提供呋喃聚合物浸渍木材。
本发明的另一目的是提供化学品在呋喃聚合物浸渍木材中的均匀分布,该呋喃聚合物浸渍木材在整个处理的区域中具有均匀的颜色和密度,得到均匀的深色。这通过一个浸渍步骤达到。
本发明的再一目的是提供在尺寸稳定性、抗腐性等方面性能改进的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材。
根据本发明,上述及其他目的通过公开于本专利申请权利要求中的产品、方法和用途得到实现。
优选实施方案的详细说明
在本发明一个实施方案中,提供了呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于用包含至少糠醇和一种另外的化合物的可聚合糠醇单体溶液浸渍的木材,所述一种另外的化合物选自马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸、苹果酸、邻苯二甲酸及其混合物。
在本发明另一实施方案中,提供了制备呋喃聚合物浸渍木材的方法,其特征在于该木材通过使用包含至少糠醇和一种另外的化合物的可聚合糠醇单体溶液浸渍的步骤进行浸渍,所述一种另外的化合物选自酸酐、酸和其混合物,然后进行固化步骤。
本发明的关键是使用一种或多种起新的引发剂作用的化学品。这些引发剂具有与糠醇类似的对木材的亲合性,因此与糠醇渗透一样深地进入该木材并保留在溶液中。无论溶液渗透到何处,其都是可聚合的。该引发剂选自任何含酸酐的化合物以及选自马来酸、苹果酸、邻苯二甲酸和硬脂酸的酸。然而,优选使用选自马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐和其混合物的化合物。更优选,使用马来酸酐或者邻苯二甲酸酐或者其混合物,最优选马来酸酐或者邻苯二甲酸酐。为了生产处理溶液,将至少一种这些引发剂、优选仅仅这些引发剂的一种直接溶解在糠醇中,形成在室温下具有几个月有效期的溶液。浓度范围基于糠醇的重量为大约5%到大约20%。较低的浓度具有较长的保存期限,并且在被加热时固化更慢。当需要较快的固化时,当需要比正常固化温度低的温度时,或者当使用包含聚合阻聚剂的木材时,使用较高的浓度。
用引发的处理溶液浸渍木材的过程使用full-cell方法进行,其利用初始真空,然后范围为大约1到大约20大气压的高于大气压的压力。初始真空可以在大约5分钟到大约30分钟或以上的范围内,和高于大气压的压力可以在大约20分钟到大约1小时或以上范围内。
固化利用由热空气、蒸汽、热油或者高频加热输送的热量进行。该热量活化引发剂和起动聚合。通常的固化温度可以在大约70到大约140℃范围内。固化需要在大约90℃下的若干时间、然后在大约140℃下的若干时间,或者仅仅在大约140℃下的若干时间。时间随材料尺寸和烘箱类型而变化。固化时间可以在大约1/2小时到大约12小时范围内,尤其是大约1/2小时到大约6小时范围内。该时间不是关键的,较低温度也不是关键的。但是,较高的温度步骤是新颖的并且对于得到优质的产品是关键的。当使用热空气时,固化温度为大约90℃。将材料置于加热环境中。当其达到大约90℃时,开始了放热的聚合反应。由反应产生的另外的热量加速固化,其在几分钟之内完成。然后,将温度升高到大约140℃,持续大约1小时,以除去反应产物和未固化的单体。在固化之后的高温加工阶段是本发明关健的部分。做为选择,使木质材料燃烧的温度可以用作最高温度(烧成温度)。当使用空气环境时,氧将更容易地引起燃烧。为了避免该问题,应该使用不含氧的环境。
所述起始材料是木质材料,通常为木料,其包括厚木板(厚木料),但也可以是木材复合材料,例如取向木丝板和刨花板。可以使用任何尺寸的木质材料,优选为大尺寸木质材料,其中成品长度的最大尺寸为100m,成品直径的最大尺寸为7m,成品横截面的最大尺寸是40m2。通常,木料(厚木板)最大厚度为50mm。然而,长度更重要,因为处理溶液沿着长度移动很快,而横过横截面的移动很慢。对于可渗透的木材如山毛榉和桦树,处理的均匀性由处理溶液沿着长度移动时其保持均匀的好坏决定。当浸渍完成时,通过这一方法形成的木质材料具有总体均匀的性能。颜色、耐湿性和老化和机械性能完全一致。这样处理的木料碎片的性能和颜色取决于获得的聚合物的填充量。不同种类的木材和甚至相同种类但不同的板材可以进行不同的浸渍。接受更多聚合物的那些板材具有较深的颜色和较大的硬度。然而,耐湿性和变质很少受填充量的影响。
木质材料的水分含量可以在最多大约30%、尤其多于大约15%、但也可以为低于15%的范围内。然而,木质材料的水分含量不是关键的。
木质材料,包括便宜的类型和废料,可用于产生贵重的木制品,例如仿制柚木、红木、藤等,并且还为它们提供了新颖的性能,如耐水性和较为简单和减少的维护要求。
虽然在此描述了特定的组合物、方法和用途,应当理解这类特定的叙述不是限制性的,而是为了说明的目的和说明本发明的最佳方式。
实施例
将大约1m长和12mm厚的三种硬木种类的板材束在一起和使用包含5%马来酸酐和95%糠醇的处理溶液进行真空-压力浸渍。通过在热风烘箱中于95℃保持2小时,然后于140℃保持3小时进行固化。在每个处理阶段,将每个束状物称重。最后,计算单体到聚合物的转化率,已知反应产物损失。某些板材在处理之后被切开,并且使用颜色变化评价其处理的均匀性。
处理数据示于下表中,其中木材类型1是山毛榉,木材类型2是枫树和木材类型3是桦树。
其中
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
6%MC未处理kg | 计算ODkg | 6%MC处理kg | OD固化kg | 单体% | 聚合物% | 聚合转化率% | 密度g/cc | |
1 | 30.00 | 28.30 | 54.24 | 48.94 | 92 | 73 | 98 | 1.12 |
2 | 30.90 | 29.15 | 56.30 | 49.10 | 93 | 68 | 90 | 1.04 |
3 | 25.36 | 23.92 | 50.78 | 43.22 | 112 | 81 | 88 | 0.99 |
a)是在6%水分含量(MC)下的原样重量
b)是计算的烘干(0%MC)重量
c)是在浸渍之后记录的重量(其仍然包含水分)
d)固化之后的重量,因为加热同时除去了水分
e)基于计算的OD重量的木材(来自c)中的单体百分数
f)基于计算的OD重量的木材(来自d)中的聚合物百分数
g)在固化期间转化为聚合物的单体的百分数
h)最后的固化密度
枫树和桦树的性状互相类似。它们浸渍很好,但处理的表面比内部稍好,内部的褐色较浅。它们比山毛榉具有稍微低的吸取量、密度和转化效率。山毛榉具有最高的吸取量和转化率和密度,并且被完全地均匀处理。其是使用的最好的种类。当切割时,其具有总体均匀的深色。
该新的浸渍配方和固化程序在使用山毛榉时产生了均匀的木材聚合物复合材料,而在使用枫树和桦树时产生了相当均匀的材料。
对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,可以对本发明的组合物、方法和用途进行各种改性和改变,而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此,本发明包括对本发明的改性和改变,只要它们属于附加权利要求和其同等物的范围。
Claims (12)
1.一种呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于用包含至少糠醇和一种另外的化合物的可聚合糠醇单体溶液浸渍的木材,所述一种另外的化合物选自马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸、苹果酸、邻苯二甲酸及其混合物。
2.权利要求1的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于所述一种另外的化合物是马来酸酐。
3.权利要求1的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于所述一种另外的化合物是邻苯二甲酸酐。
4.权利要求1的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于所述一种另外的化合物是马来酸。
5.权利要求1的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于所述一种另外的化合物是苹果酸。
6.权利要求1的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于所述一种另外的化合物是邻苯二甲酸。
7.前述权利要求任何一项的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于所述一种另外的化合物被直接溶解在糠醇中以生产处理溶液。
8.权利要求7的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材,其特征在于所述一种另外的化合物在所述处理溶液中的浓度基于糠醇的重量为大约5%到大约20%。
9.一种制备呋喃聚合物浸渍木材的方法,其特征在于将木材通过使用包含至少糠醇和一种另外的化合物的可聚合糠醇单体溶液浸渍的步骤进行浸渍,所述一种另外的化合物选自酸酐、酸和其混合物,然后进行固化步骤。
10.权利要求9的方法,其特征在于所述固化通过利用在大约70到大约140℃范围内的温度来进行。
11.权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,根据使用的材料的尺寸和烘箱的类型,所述固化或者需要在大约90℃进行10分钟到2小时、然后在大约140℃进行15分钟到4小时来进行,或者需要仅仅在大约140℃进行15分钟到4小时来进行。
12.按照权利要求9到11制备的呋喃聚合物浸渍木材在以下方面中的用途:刀柄、厨房用具(勺、叉、砧板、碗)、家具、室内地板、柜台、建筑部件(招牌、檐板、档板、门槛、支架)、船部件(围栏、地板、甲板组件、甲板地板、家具、配件)、船用物品(船坞、码头、龙虾笼)、室外用具、枪托和手枪握把、乐器部件(钢琴键、小提琴和吉他指板和弦马)、冷却塔条板、室外人行道、容器(用于苛性或者腐蚀性物质的槽)、机器部件(传送带条板、导锯器、锯和刨床台面)。
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