CN102481765B - 甲板 - Google Patents
甲板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102481765B CN102481765B CN201080027628.0A CN201080027628A CN102481765B CN 102481765 B CN102481765 B CN 102481765B CN 201080027628 A CN201080027628 A CN 201080027628A CN 102481765 B CN102481765 B CN 102481765B
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- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B5/00—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
- B63B5/02—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of wood
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Abstract
甲板,其包含:承托物,其选自以下群组,当中包括:聚合材料;造船工程级聚合物、纤维强化聚合物、聚合物金属复合物、金属或木材薄板或船的上部结构;一组经聚合物处理过的木条,其用粘合剂固定至该承托物;该粘合剂选自以下群组,当中包括:聚氨酯粘合剂、改性甲硅烷基聚合物粘合剂和环氧树脂粘合剂;其中该经聚合物处理过的木材包含选自以下群组的木材品种,当中包括:以与木材兼容的可聚单体浸渍过的枫树品种,该单体优选地选自糠醇、二羟甲基呋喃及其混合物,随后使其干燥和固化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及艇或其他海上运输工具的甲板,尤其但非仅涉及游艇的甲板。
背景技术
传统的游艇甲板包含用粘合剂固定至基材的柚木薄板。柚木甲板不但昂贵,还由于牵涉到天然木材资源的砍伐而对环境不利。其他品种木材的工程性质较为次级。天然柚木甲板的问题是经不起现代清洁技术,例如用高压水力喷射清洗。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供具有优良的工程和保养性质的甲板,尤其是能抵受使用高压水力喷射清洗的甲板。
根据本发明的第一方面,甲板包含:
承托物,其选自以下群组,当中包括:聚合材料;造船工程级聚合物、纤维强化聚合物、聚合物金属复合物、金属或木材薄板或船的上部结构;
一组经聚合物处理过的木条,其用粘合剂固定至该承托物;
其中该经聚合物处理过的木材包含选自以下群组的木材品种,当中包括:以与木材兼容的可聚合单体浸渍过的枫树品种,该单体优选地选自糠醇、二羟甲基呋喃及其混合物,随后使其干燥和固化。
优选地,处理过的木材的布氏硬度值为3至8。在使用甲板时,该硬度对于耐磨性是重要的。替代地或额外地,处理过的木材的平均弯曲断裂模量(MOR)在约100和约130MPa之间。优选地,处理过的木材显示出以下的其中之一:平均弯曲断裂模量(MOR)为约100和约130MPa之间,或布氏硬度值为3至8。
弯曲弹性模量(MOE)可介乎10000和16000MPa之间,相比之下,柚木的典型数值为13400MPa,而未经处理的枫木为8000MPa。优选的单体是糠醇。
平均弯曲断裂模量(MOR)优选在约120至约130MPa之间。
替代地或除MOR值之外,木条显示出的布氏硬度值为约3至约8,优选为约4至约7,更优选为约5至约6。
天然柚木的硬度约为3.5,而柚木的MOR约为148MPa。
粘合剂优选地选自以下群组,当中包括:聚氨酯粘合剂、改性甲硅烷基聚合物粘合剂、环氧树脂粘合剂、硅粘合剂和被开发用于船的外部建构的其他粘合剂。
本发明的甲板的承托物可包含聚合材料或其他材料的基材层或薄板。该基材可选自:聚酯片材、玻璃纤维、强化聚酯、环氧木复合物、胶合板、聚酰胺(Kevlar)薄板、碳纤维复合物或层压板以及实木或金属薄板,例如钢或铝。或者,木条可直接施用于金属或传统的木制甲板,或者以其他方式施用于艇的上部结构。
优选的木材品种选自以下群组,当中包括商用枫树品种,其包括:
根据本申请的第二方面,生产甲板的过程包含以下步骤:组装层压板,该层压板包含一组被固定至承托物的木条,该承托物从包括了聚合材料薄板的群组挑选出来,该聚合材料则选自以下群组,当中包括:造船工程级聚合物、纤维强化聚合物、聚合物金属复合物、金属或木材薄板或上部结构,而此组装步骤透过使用粘合剂而达成,该粘合剂选自以下群组,当中包括:聚氨酯粘合剂、改性甲硅烷基聚合物粘合剂和环氧树脂粘合剂;向该组件施热和施压,并让该粘合剂固化。
在优选的实施例中,该些木条的边缘包括裁口,密封剂材料放置在该些裁口内,以密封相邻木条之间的边缘。该密封剂材料形成了紧密而柔韧的密封物,其允许个别木板稍为收缩和胀大,同时亦维持甲板的完整性。该密封剂也可用于改善甲板的防滑性质。该些裁口可以是L形、三角形或矩形的,以在相邻的条之间提供T形、V形或矩形的空间。
该承托物可包含聚合物材料,尤其是选自用于生产造船工程级组件的聚合物的材料,包括聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃和聚酯。可使用纤维强化聚合物或聚合物金属复合材料。金属或木制薄板可用作基材。或者,可将该甲板直接施工于船的上部结构,以在其上形成甲板表面。
按照本发明的甲板显示出众多优点。避免了使用柚木。枫树较便宜,并可在不耗天然资源的情况下培植。按照本发明的甲板的工程性质优于产自柚木的甲板的工程性质。令人惊奇的是,按照本发明的甲板的视觉外观与天然柚木的外观类似。此外,本案的发明人惊奇地发现,甲板在风化后的外观与受过风化的天然柚木的外观类似。木材表面在新的时候为褐色,暴露于湿气和UV辐射时变成灰色,令到其外观与受过风化的柚木相似。
可使用高压喷射清洗装置来清洁按照本发明的甲板。这使到喷射清洗器可被用来清洁甲板以及艇的金属部分或聚合物部分。这避免需要使用分开的清洁方式。柚木甲板在反复地暴露于喷射清洗器时可能会易于离层。尽管使用了枫木,造船厂仍能以与处理柚木甲板相同的方法来处理按照本发明的甲板。事实上,本发明的甲板可更能抵抗在运输、储存和生产的过程中遇到的情况。按照本发明的甲板具有比天然柚木更好的硬度和耐磨性质,使其工作寿命更长。
按照本发明的甲板的体积从烘干到湿度饱和胀大8至10%,与柚木(Tectoniagrandis)的9%值相当。未经处理的枫木样本胀大约16%。
浸渍过的木材复合物的密度可介乎约700和约1000kgm-3之间,相比之下柚木为630kgm-3。
透过使用在艇甲板生产业中惯常使用的材料的方法,可对按照本发明的甲板进行胶合、填缝(caulking)并处理其表面。因此,本发明无需使用专门的高性能粘合剂、硬木或专门的生产方法,便可提供性能较高的甲板。
优良的工程性质和抗离层性使到使用寿命得以延长,并减慢在使用时的磨损和变薄。而且,本发明可允许使用比传统甲板的生产中薄的木材。可需要较少的粘合剂。该些条可被挑选并切割,以展现枫木美丽的木纹。优良的强度和抗离层性使木材可被切割到为无需控制相对于甲板的加工表面的纹理的角度,便能最佳地展现木纹饰面。
不用冒受理论限制的风险,据信将粘合剂结合至浸渍在蜂窝状木结构内的呋喃聚合物的粘接优于将粘合剂结合至未经处理的木材的纤维素的粘接,尤其是带有密集的蜂窝状结构或含有脂质成分的硬木。
本发明的经聚合物处理过的木材可如EP1341648、EP1368167、WO2004/011216、WO2004/011214号专利中所公开般生产而得,其说明书的公开内容以引用的方式为了所有目的而并入本说明书中。
在优选的实施例中,以可聚合的组合物浸渍木材,而该可聚合的组合物包含糠醇、催化剂和溶剂,该溶剂选自以下群组,当中包括:水、C1-C4的醇和其混合物;以及可选地,一种或多种稳定剂或其他成分。
可使用单体或低聚物的浓度范围为20至95%的溶液进行浸渍。
优选以包含30至100份糠醇比100份(以体积计)水的溶液进行浸渍,尤其是70份糠醇比100份水的溶液。这种组合物显示了优良的抗真菌腐蚀性。
优选的木制甲板条生产过程包含以下步骤:
以可聚合的组合物浸渍枫树品种的木块,该可聚合的组合物包含:
(i)一种或多种与木材兼容的可聚合单体、低聚物或其混合物;
(ii)催化剂以及;
(iii)溶剂,其选自以下群组,当中包括:水、C1-C4的醇及其混合物;以及
(iv)可选地,一种或多种pH稳定剂或其他添加剂;
以生产浸渍过的木块;
将浸渍过的木块进行除水处理,其包含将该些木块维持在带有约0.1至约0.5巴的压力、温度介乎约50至约90℃的大气中一段足以使水从该木材中除去的时间;以及
将该木材维持在较高的温度,以形成聚合材料,生产出经聚合物处理过的木制甲板条或适合用机器加工制成甲板条的木材。
处理过的木块的维度可被适当地设置成直接用作甲板条,或可用机器加工设置适合用作甲板条的维度。
在干燥和固化之前,优选地对该木材施用真空处理,以除去空气。这会减少爆炸的危险。
与木材兼容的可聚合单体或低聚物可选自糠醇(FA)、二羟甲基呋喃(BHMF)、三羟甲基呋喃(THMF)、FA、BHMF和THMF三者的低聚物、这些化合物的缩合产物及其混合物。另外的单体或低聚物可包括2,5-呋喃二羧酸(FBCA)和琥珀酸(SA)。
优选的单体来自生物质或可再生和可持续的资源,并能够浸渍木材或木制物品。单一的单体因为简单和易于进行均匀的浸渍,故可能是最为便利的。使用糠醇或二羟甲基呋喃是优选的。
该催化剂可选自以下群组,当中包括:酸,例如马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸、苹果酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、氯化锌、氯化铝、其他环状有机酸酐或潜伏催化剂,诸如铵盐、有机酸酐及其混合物。
优选地用作为缓冲剂的稳定剂可选自以下群组,当中包括:碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐以及木素磺酸的钙盐或铵盐。
可选的另外的化合物可包括硼酸盐,例如硼砂、四硼酸二钠以及硼酸。
在浸渍后,对该些木块进行干燥和固化处理。在干燥过程期间,优选地将相对湿度维持在80-100%(更优选地维持在约90%)1至200小时,通常为3-5天的时间,接着优选以50-180℃的温度进行固化,更为优选为90-140℃,最为优选为100-130℃,特别是约120℃。
可设有热交换器或热电池(heatbattery),以允许在容器内直接加热大气。
可优选地通过将蒸汽注入容器提供更进一步的加热。为了控制木材的干燥程度,蒸汽是优选的。
由于在干燥过程期间水会从腔室中被除去,腔室内的相对湿度通常都会降低。
优选地,在加热阶段中和干燥过程结束时,相对湿度维持在最低水平之上,从而使木材的变形和破裂减至最少。相对湿度的范围为约30%至约100%。优选的最低相对湿度约为35%,更优选约为40%,这取决于木材品种和正被处理的木块或木制物品的维度。
可通过调节压力和温度来控制器皿内的相对湿度。
在干燥步骤之后,将木制样品加热至更高的温度,以固化聚合物。在固化之前从木材中除去水是有利的。这使得固化更为快速,因为热能不会因蒸发而损失。与惯常的方法相比,此方法可使用更低的干燥温度。而且,由于减少了蒸发所带来的损失,故可使用更少的时间和能量来将木材加热到固化温度。
干燥和固化步骤可在同一无需从干燥炉中卸载并重新装载入另一固化炉的器皿或容器内进行。
在固化过程中,器皿内的压力可维持在约1巴,相对湿度则维持在40-100%,优选为约50-90%。或者,可使用大于1巴的压力,例如是约1巴至约4巴。
在本说明书中,除另有说明外,则百分比和其他的量是以重量计算的。百分比和其他的比例是选自任何总计为100%的范围。
附图说明
本发明进一步通过不具有任何限制性的例子并参考附图进行描述,其中:
图1是根据本发明的木材浸渍设施的示意图;
图2所示为该设施的干燥容器;
图3所示为按照本发明的甲板;以及
图4至6所示为显示该甲板的物理性质的测试结果。
具体实施方式
图1是木材浸渍设施的示意图。透过使用分开板材水平层的间隔物,在吊运车或其他运载工具(未显示)上将所供给的木材或木制物品,例如板(1),整理成堆叠物(2),允许气体和蒸气在木层之间流动。该堆叠物之后在吊运车上被移送入浸渍高压釜(3)。
高压釜(3)充满了来自缓冲槽(4,5)的浸渍溶液,这些浸渍溶液由储存槽(6,7,8)经由混合及计量槽(9)供给。
在浸渍后,将浸渍过的木材或木制物品转移至干燥室(10)。该干燥室设有热交换器,或蒸汽的入口以及连接至出口的冷凝器(14),以将从冷凝器(14)收集到的冷凝物回收至储存槽(7)。来自冷凝器的气体被安排流经空气净化器(15)。
在干燥和固化后,将木材分类并堆叠,若需要的话以机器进行加工,并将其包装,用于运输和分送。
木材或木制物品可通过任何惯常技术浸渍,包括施加高达15巴的压力,在施用真空处理后加压或者施加常压或低压,之后再施加较高的压力,最后施行真空工序。
该浸渍溶液可包含一种或多种选自以下的单体:糠醇、二羟甲基呋喃、三羟甲基呋喃或这些化合物的低聚物。
可使用单体的混合物或单体和低聚物的混合物,但大前提是其具有足够的流动性,以渗透并浸渍木材。
一种一般可使用的方法包括以下步骤:固定木材,以致其不会浮动;关上高压釜并施用部分真空处理;以处理混合物填满高压釜,同时维持该真空处理,以淹没木材;将高压釜加压至介乎5-14巴之间的压力,压力强度视乎木材品种、木材或木制物品的维度和所期望的浸渍速度而定。在浸渍后除去剩余的液体,并在最后引入真空工序以除去过剩的液体。最后,移出处理过的木材。
一种典型的处理溶液可包含:
糠醇20至100份
水100份
以及可选的另外的成分。
枫木边材的液体摄取量可以达到相对干木质量的100%。
WO2004/011216号及WO2004/011214号专利公开了替代的浸渍溶液,其公开的内容以引用的方式为了所有目的被并入本说明书。
图2是如图1所示的干燥室(10)的图解示图。室(10)包括九个风扇(11)和空气入口阀(12)。蒸发了的水的出口(13)与冷凝器(14)相通。蒸汽入口(16)将蒸汽(其可选地为过热蒸汽)从锅炉(未显示)输送,以向室(10)提供热量和湿度。热交换器(17)使来自热交换器(18)、由蒸汽入口(19)提供的热水循环。通过这种方式,可在需要时向该室提供干热(dryheat)。
冷凝物槽(20)用于从槽(10)的底部收集冷凝物。该冷凝物在分离器(27)中被分离。
来自于冷凝器(14)的冷凝物被输送至计量槽(26),以量度已冷凝的水蒸气的量。泵槽(21)将已量度的冷凝物输送至标示有水的出口(23)的泵(22)至冷凝物储存槽。气体水分离器(24)将气体从已冷凝的水中分离出来。热交换器(25)为已冷凝的水降温。
在使用干燥器时,可通过入口(16)直接向槽(10)提供蒸汽,并且可通过热交换器(17)提供干热,以致能够独立地控制槽内的温度和湿度。
当浸渍过的木材或木制物品已被放置在干燥室内时,进行短时间的预真空(pre-vaccum),以从该室内除去所有空气,防止起火或爆炸的危险。由于水从浸渍过的木材中蒸发,在预真空阶段的压力可达0.3巴。
接着,将器皿加热3-6小时至约70℃的温度。在这加热阶段,压力可由预真空时的小于0.2巴,升高至介乎约0.2和约0.4巴之间,优选地升高至约0.3巴。
这压力可维持达120小时。在这期间,温度保持近乎不变,相对湿度同时降低。在这干燥阶段之后,允许压力提升至约1巴,同时温度被升高到介乎100℃和110℃之间。维持这些状态直至固化完成。
相对湿度可约为90%。
通过控制压力、注入蒸汽以及外部加热而维持器皿内的环境。
通过量度从器皿所收集到的水量,可监测木材的含水量。当木材的含水量大约是15%或更低时,则干燥阶段便可完成。
在干燥阶段完成之后,通过将蒸汽加入到器皿中,让压力升高至约1巴,温度升高到约100至140℃(优选地,升高到约100℃至120℃),同时使相对湿度增加到约60至80%,以防止木材裂开或变形。
固化状态可维持约6至24小时,这取决于聚合物组合物的本质和木材或木制物品的厚度。
当固化完成时,经聚合物浸渍过的木材或木制物品可从器皿中移除,以进行机器加工、包装和分送。
干燥阶段可持续约120小时。在这期间,温度从70℃升高至80℃。在这期间,相对湿度降低至约50%以下,压力降低至约0.2巴。
如上所述生产出的浸渍过的木材可被切割并以机器加工成板材、薄片、条等等,以用于生产甲板。
图3所示为按照本发明的甲板,由玻璃纤维强化聚酯组成的基材(31)的上表面涂有聚氨酯粘合剂(33)。将经聚合物浸渍过的枫木条(34)并列地置于粘合剂(33)上,并且将粘合剂(35)涂在相邻的条之间,以密封该些条之间的间隙。在完成将板胶合至承托物后,第二个步骤可以是涂抹填缝粘合剂(37)。可通过真空胶合来涂抹该粘合剂。在胶合后,可将该些板磨光。
该些条可带有不同维度,例如45×600mm的维度和5mm的厚度,且侧面带有沿长的边缘延伸的裁口(38),以在相邻的条之间形成槽,以容纳填缝组合物(37)。优选采用具有最大可用长度的条,以提供没有驳口的甲板。
基材和木条之间的粘合剂(33)是垫层粘合剂,其被挑选用来将浸渍过的木材(34)牢固地结合至基材(31)。粘合剂(35)可带有与粘合剂(33)相同或不同的组分,并被挑选为在固化后是柔韧的,以在使用期间适应木材的膨胀或收缩。
挑选木条,以致该些木条的年轮(40)与甲板的工作面(36)成角度(39)。未经处理的传统木材的角度(39)通常被挑选为介乎60°和90°之间,以使因胀大和收缩而致的水平运动减至最少。如果年轮大体上是垂直的(例如介乎60°和90°之间),则胀大的主要方向是垂直的(正切于年轮方向)。在使用本发明的处理过的木材时,可将角度(39)选为任何易设的数值,若使用未经处理的木材,其相比之下则不是那么关键。这使到木材资源的运用更加合符经济效益。
按照本发明的甲板和未经处理的枫木的胀大程度并不相同。按照本发明的处理过的枫木的胀大性质与柚木的类似。
如在以下例子中所述般,测定按照本发明的甲板的物理性质:
例1
耐腐朽性
下表显示了根据美国土块法E-10(AWPA),四种不同的真菌和两种不同的糠醇处理水平的实验室试验的结果。所有真菌的最高处理水平的质量损失都低于对照损失的15%,这相当於有高的耐久性。
例2
粘合强度
使用欧洲试验方法EN314-2测试浸渍过的木材和聚酯基材之间的胶缝。这方法专用于测试胶合板的胶合质量。在试验前,将样品分成三组,用以下三种不同方式预处理:
1.在20℃和65%的空气相对湿度的大气中调温及调湿。
2.浸入沸水中72小时
3.根据EN321进行V313-试验。将样品置在20℃的水中3天、在冷柜(-12℃)中
1天并在70℃的加热箱中3天,进行循环陈化。重复该循环三次。
在预处理后,以恒定变形速率测试该些样品的拉伸剪切力。调整速度,以在60±30秒时折断。各样品的最大荷载均被记录下来。
图4显示了浸渍过的木材和聚酯之间的胶缝的拉伸剪切力试验的结果。使用了20个样品的平均值。
样品的木材折断百分率非常之高,而这与品种或预处理无关。该些试验的所有结果均显示在图4中。
利用拉伸试验测试条与条之间的密封剂。该些样品由三条用粘合密封剂胶合在一起的肋条制成。即是说,两个接合点在同一时间被测试,而折断荷载反映出两条胶缝中较弱的一条。而且,该应力反映出两个接合点的总应力,从而反映极限应力的保守估值。由于该些试验是用来比较经证实实际上是可行的柚木和浸渍过的枫木,所以这是可接受的。
在测试前,将该些样品进行三种不同的预处理:
1.在20℃和相对空气湿度为65%的气候中调温及调湿。
2.浸入沸水中2小时
3.浸入沸水中72小时
浸入沸水中72小时是用于测定外部胶合板的胶合强度的预处理。按照先导试验而选择浸入沸水中2小时,因为密封剂在沸水中72小时后有完全失去强度的风险。
结果显示在图5和6中。
Claims (14)
1.船用甲板的生产过程,其中该甲板包含:
承托物,其选自以下群组,当中包括:聚合材料;造船工程级聚合物、纤维强化聚合物、聚合物金属复合物、金属或木材薄板或船的上部结构;
一组呈条状的经聚合物处理过的木材,其通过粘合剂被固定至该承托物;
其特征在于该经聚合物处理过的木材选自以下群组:以与木材兼容的可聚合单体浸渍过的枫树品种,并随后使其干燥和固化,该可聚合单体选自糠醇,
其中该过程包含以下步骤:
以可聚合的组合物浸渍呈条状的木材,该可聚合的组合物包含:
(i)糠醇;
(ii)催化剂以及;
(iii)溶剂,其选自以下群组,当中包括:水、C1-C4的醇及其混合物;
以生产浸渍过的甲板条;
将浸渍过的甲板条进行除水处理,其包含将木材维持在带有0.1至0.5巴的压力、温度介乎50至90℃的大气中一段足以使水从该木材中除去的时间;以及将该木材维持在较高的温度,以形成聚合材料,生产出经聚合物处理过的甲板条,
其中该处理过的木材的布氏硬度值为3至8;
其中该处理过的木材在风化后的外观与受过风化的天然柚木的外观类似。
2.如权利要求1所述的船用甲板的生产过程,还包含以下步骤:组装层压板,该层压板包含一组被固定至承托物的呈条状的经聚合物处理过的木材,该承托物从包括了聚合材料薄板的群组挑选出来,该聚合材料则选自以下群组,当中包括:造船工程级聚合物、纤维强化聚合物、聚合物金属复合物、金属或木材薄板或上部结构,而此组装步骤透过使用粘合剂而达成,该粘合剂选自以下群组,当中包括:聚氨酯粘合剂、改性甲硅烷基聚合物粘合剂和环氧树脂粘合剂;向该呈条状的经聚合物处理过的木材和该承托物施压,并让该粘合剂固化。
3.如权利要求1所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该可聚合的组合物还包含一种或多种稳定剂。
4.如任一前述权利要求所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该处理过的木材的弯曲断裂模量介乎100和130MPa之间。
5.如权利要求1所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该处理过的木材表面显示出的布氏硬度为4至7。
6.如权利要求5所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该处理过的木材表面显示出的布氏硬度为5至6。
7.如权利要求2所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该承托物基材选自聚酯片材、玻璃纤维、强化聚酯、环氧木复合物、胶合板、聚酰胺薄板、碳纤维复合物或层压板,以及实木或金属薄板。
8.如权利要求7所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该粘合剂选自以下群组,当中包括:聚氨酯粘合剂、改性甲硅烷基聚合物粘合剂和环氧树脂粘合剂。
9.如权利要求1所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该木材品种选自:大叶槭;复叶槭;黑槭;红花槭;银槭;糖槭;桐叶槭;挪威槭;栓皮槭。
10.如权利要求1所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该些呈条状的木材的边缘包括裁口。
11.如权利要求1所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该处理过的木材的体积从烘干到湿度饱和胀大8至10%。
12.如权利要求1所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其弹性模量介乎10000和17000MPa之间。
13.如权利要求1所述的船用甲板的生产过程,其中该浸渍过的木材复合物的密度为700至1000kgm-3。
14.甲板包含:
承托物,其选自以下群组,当中包括:聚合材料;造船工程级聚合物、纤维强化聚合物、聚合物金属复合物、金属或木材薄板或船的上部结构;
一组呈条状的经聚合物处理过的木材,其通过粘合剂被固定至该承托物;
其特征在于该经聚合物处理过的木材选自以下群组:以与木材兼容的可聚合单体浸渍过的枫树品种,并随后使其干燥和固化,该可聚合单体选自糠醇,
其中所述的甲板通过如任一前述权利要求所述的过程生产。
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CN112062481B (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-03-21 | 四川文理学院 | 一种玄武岩纤维浸润剂及其制备方法 |
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EP2445712B1 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
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CN102481765A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
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US20160129971A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
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