CN1463410A - 使用摹写纸制造非接触智能卡的方法以及使用该方法制造的智能卡 - Google Patents

使用摹写纸制造非接触智能卡的方法以及使用该方法制造的智能卡 Download PDF

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CN1463410A
CN1463410A CN02801698A CN02801698A CN1463410A CN 1463410 A CN1463410 A CN 1463410A CN 02801698 A CN02801698 A CN 02801698A CN 02801698 A CN02801698 A CN 02801698A CN 1463410 A CN1463410 A CN 1463410A
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克里斯托夫·哈洛普
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造非接触芯片卡(或票券)的方法,包括下面的步骤:制造天线(12),通过将可聚合导电油墨的圈线丝网印刷到一张摹写纸上,然后对所述这张摹写纸进行热处理,以烘焙并聚合导电油墨;将具有粘合垫的芯片(14)连接到天线(12);执行层压步骤,借此通过热压将这张摹写纸与形成天线底座的一层塑料材料(16)接在一起,这样丝网印刷天线和芯片都嵌入到塑料材料层中;移去这张摹写纸;将卡身层压到天线底座上,通过热压将至少一层塑料材料(18,20)压结到底座的每一面。

Description

使用摹写纸制造非接触智能卡的方法 以及使用该方法制造的智能卡
技术领域
本发明涉及智能卡(或票券)领域,尤其涉及一种非接触智能卡的制造方法。
背景技术
智能卡和票券,尤其是ISO格式的卡,在最近几年中已经变得非常普遍。除了它们用作信用卡之外,智能卡在许多领域中已经成为不可缺少的工具。这一发展主要由于下面的事实,除了与适当的读卡机接触的卡的传统使用之外(例如,银行卡和电话卡),新的卡可以与读卡机没有任何物理接触而使用。
非接触卡或混合接触-非接触卡与相关读卡机之间的信息交换是通过集成于非接触卡中的天线和位于读卡机中的第二天线之间的远程电磁耦合来完成的。为了创建,存储和处理信息,卡具有连接到天线的芯片。天线通常位于由塑料材料制成的电介质底座上。这种使用的简易已经使得许多其它应用的开发成为可能。例如,电子钱包的开发。在运输部门中,智能卡已经发展成为一种支付公路费的方法。在某些事件中,智能卡可以被支持者用作会议地点的月票。对于安全应用,许多公司已经建立基于ISO非接触智能卡的职员身份识别系统。
基于市场的传统非接触卡由若干层塑料材料,特别是聚氯乙烯(PVC)组成。这些层中的一层构成天线的底座,而其它层通常构成卡身。卡的天线通常是铜线,或者用化学方法蚀刻到卡上。
但是,这种卡的制造相对昂贵。这是因为铜的使用和蚀刻过程都很昂贵。而且,在PVC底座上制造这种天线必然需要使用精密复杂的-因而昂贵的-机器。
现在,非接触技术的发展依赖于这种卡制造成本的减少。减少制造成本的一种方法包括天线的更便宜的制造方法,特别是通过使用导电油墨的丝网印刷过程来制造它。
但是,PVC上的丝网印刷具有许多缺点。而且,PVC显示出弱热机械性能。在卡身层压过程中,物料流程是重要的,并且天线的形状因素不是保持不变的。在层压之前,当用来制造天线的导电油墨烘干时,温度高于塑料材料变软时的温度,因此出现底座的变形,这影响天线的电气性能。当电参数(电感和电阻)改变时,这导致天线故障。甚至更严重的,在存在强的绝对应力的区域中,经历天线断开也不是罕见的。而且,用热固性材料来代替热塑性材料是不可能的,因为热固性材料经不起热层压。
另一个缺点是,当天线丝网印刷到PVC上时,将芯片连接到天线是非常困难的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于通过提出一种非接触智能卡的制造方法来克服这些缺点,该智能卡由塑料制成,具有由丝网印刷油墨制造的天线,该智能卡具有低成本价格然而非常可靠。
因此本发明涉及一种非接触智能卡(或票券)的制造过程,其包括下面的步骤:
-天线的制造过程,在于将导电聚合物油墨的圈丝网印刷于摹写纸张(transfer paper sheet)上,然后对所述底座进行热处理,以烘焙并聚合所述导电油墨,
-芯片的连接,给出到天线的触点,
-层压,在于通过热压模使摹写纸张与构成天线底座的一层塑料材料集成在一起,以这种方式使得丝网印刷天线和芯片都嵌入到塑料材料中,
-移去摹写纸,以及
-卡身到天线底座的层压,通过热压模在底座的每一面上压结(welding)至少一层塑料材料。
本发明的另一个目的在于通过根据本发明的方法制造的一种智能卡,其包括由塑料材料制成的天线底座以及在天线底座每一面上构成卡身的至少一层塑料材料,其中,丝网印刷天线和芯片都嵌入于天线底座中。
附图说明
当结合附图时,本发明的目的、目标和特征将从下面的描述中变得更加明显,其中:
图1显示具有丝网印刷天线和连接到该天线的芯片的摹写纸张的侧视图。
图2显示通过图1显示的摹写纸张的轴A-A的纵剖面。
图3显示层压步骤之后通过与塑料天线底座接触的摹写纸张的纵剖面。
图4显示移去摹写纸张之后通过天线底座的纵剖面。
图5显示通过根据本发明的已完成的卡的纵剖面。
具体实施方式
智能卡制造方法的第一步在于在适当的衬底上制造天线,该适当衬底是一张摹写纸(transfer paper)。优选地,天线通过将导电油墨丝网印刷到这张摹写纸上来制造。该丝网印刷的天线由一系列同轴圈和两个触点组成。触点使得将芯片连接到天线成为可能。一旦天线已经制成,就对摹写纸进行热处理,以烘焙丝网印刷的油墨。所使用的油墨是掺杂导电成分的可聚合产品。优选地,它是掺杂银,铜或碳微粒的环氧油墨。
一旦天线已经制成,将芯片连接到天线,此时它仍然在摹写纸张上时。具有丝网印刷天线12和芯片14(其已经被连接)的摹写纸张10在图1中显示。可以使用不同的方法将芯片14连接到天线12。第一实施方案包括下面的步骤:
-将芯片放置于摹写纸上,使得芯片的触点与天线的触点相对,
-在芯片上施压,使得它的触点使摹写纸和天线的触点变形。摹写纸张和天线的触点在压力解除后仍保持形变,因此在芯片上的触点和天线上的触点之间给出一个广阔的触点区域。
根据第二实施方案,连接芯片包括下面的步骤:
-用导电的粘合剂涂敷天线的触点,
-将芯片放置于摹写纸上,使得所述芯片的触点浸入于所述导电粘合剂中,与天线的触点相对。
图2显示通过摹写纸张的轴A-A的纵剖图。摹写纸张10具有丝网印刷圈形式的天线12。芯片14连接到天线12。
当芯片已经连接到天线时,摹写纸张与构成天线底座的一张塑料材料层压在一起。这一层压步骤通过热压模来完成。图3显示摹写纸张10和塑料天线底座16。根据优选实施方案,塑料材料可以是PVC或者PET。从图3可以看到,一旦层压步骤已经完成,丝网印刷天线12和芯片14都嵌入到构成天线底座的PVC层16中。用来制造天线底座的PVC应该具有相对高的维卡点(材料软化时的温度)。它软化时的温度优选地是85℃。用于层压步骤的热压模应该在85℃或者高于85℃的温度发生,以便PVC变软。然后芯片和天线将沉入PVC层中并变成嵌入于PVC层中。
下一步骤在于从PVC天线底座移去摹写纸张。实际上,摹写纸的一个特性是,当加热时,它失去它的粘合特性,并脱去它表面上所粘合的东西。在这种情况下,天线12和芯片14仍然保持与PVC天线底座16相关联,如图4所示。
本方法的最后一步涉及在天线底座的每一面层压至少一层塑料材料。这些层构成卡身。根据优选实施方案,这一塑料材料是PVC,聚酯(PET或PETG),聚碳酸酯(PC)或者丙稀腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)。优选地,所使用的塑料材料是PVC。该PVC-与用于天线底座的PVC相反-应该具有低维卡点。它变软时的温度优选地是75℃。为了使它们相互成为整体,三层PVC在75℃的温度时压制。构成卡身的层变软,并绑定(仍然保持硬的)天线底座层。因此,对于天线底座,必须使用具有高维卡点的PVC形式,使得当卡在对应于用来制造卡身的PVC的维卡点温度层压时,它不会变软。构成天线底座的PVC的形变可能导致天线的形变或者甚至断裂,这将致使智能卡失去功能。因此,层压卡身时的温度等于或大于用来制造卡身的PVC的维卡点,但是低于用来制造天线底座的PVC的维卡点。
图5显示通过作为结果产生的卡的纵剖图。天线底座将天线12和芯片14集成在一起。这一底座与位于底座16每一面上的两个卡身部分(18和20)相连。可以看到,这种结构有效地保护卡的重要部分,即天线和底座,因为它们完全嵌入天线底座中。而且,作为结果产生的卡没有额外的厚度,既在卡上不存在可见的人工因素,也不存在归因于电子元件的印刷的形变。
因此这种制造方法导致一种完全由PVC制造,具有由导电油墨构成的丝网印刷天线的卡。因此与制造昂贵的传统卡的成本价格相比,这种卡的成本价格非常低,而且,作为它们结构的结果-特别是铜或蚀刻天线的存在-传统的卡是较易碎的。

Claims (12)

1.一种非接触智能卡的制造方法,包括下面的步骤:
-天线(12)的生成,通过将导电聚合物油墨的圈丝网印刷到摹写纸张上,然后对所述摹写纸张进行热处理,以烘焙并聚合所述导电油墨,
-芯片(14)的连接,具有到所述天线(12)的触点,
-通过热压模将所述摹写纸张与构成天线底座的一层塑料材料(16)层压到一起,以这种方式使得所述天线(12)和所述芯片(14)都嵌入到所述塑料材料层(16)中,
-移去所述摹写纸,以及
-将卡身层压到所述天线底座上,这通过热压模在底座的每一面上压结或粘上至少一层塑料材料(18,20)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中将芯片连接到所述天线的步骤包括:
-将芯片放置于摹写纸上,以这种方式使得所述芯片的触点与天线的触点相对,
-在所述芯片上施压,以这种方式使得作为压力的结果,所述触点使所述摹写纸和所述天线的所述触点变形,所述摹写纸张和所述触点的形变在压力已经解除后仍然保持,因此在芯片上的触点和天线上的触点之间给出一个广阔的触点区域。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中将芯片连接到所述天线的步骤包括:
-用导电的粘合剂涂敷天线的触点,
-将芯片放置于摹写纸上,以这种方式使得所述芯片的触点变成浸入于所述导电粘接剂中,与天线的触点相对。
4.根据前面的权利要求中任何一个的方法,其中所述天线底座由塑料材料制成,特别是具有高维卡点的PVC或者PET。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中维卡点是85℃。
6.一种根据前面的权利要求中任何一个的智能卡,其中形成卡身的塑料材料是聚氯乙烯(PVC),聚酯(PET,PETG),聚碳酸酯(PC)或者丙稀腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述塑料材料是具有低维卡点的PVC。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中维卡点是75℃。
9.根据权利要求4~8中任何一个的方法,其中执行所述的将摹写纸层压到天线底座上的步骤时的温度等于或高于用来制造所述天线底座的PVC的维卡点。
10.根据权利要求7~9中任何一个的方法,其中执行所述的层压卡身的步骤时的温度等于或高于用来制造所述卡身的PVC的维卡点,但是低于用来制造所述天线底座的PVC的维卡点。
11.根据前面的权利要求中任何一个的方法,其中所述可聚合的导电油墨是掺杂导电元素例如银,铜或碳微粒的环氧油墨。
12.使用根据权利要求1~11中任何一个的方法制造的智能卡,包括塑料材料的天线底座以及在所述天线底座每一面上构成卡身的至少一层塑料材料,所述卡其特征在于它携带嵌入于所述天线底座中的丝网印刷天线和芯片。
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