CN1451850A - 提升阀 - Google Patents

提升阀 Download PDF

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CN1451850A
CN1451850A CN03109541A CN03109541A CN1451850A CN 1451850 A CN1451850 A CN 1451850A CN 03109541 A CN03109541 A CN 03109541A CN 03109541 A CN03109541 A CN 03109541A CN 1451850 A CN1451850 A CN 1451850A
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valve
poppet valve
valve according
film
poppet
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小林治树
福田淳一
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Fuji Oozx Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

一种包括阀头和阀杆的提升阀,用于内燃机。除了阀面之外,阀头的表面覆盖有薄膜。薄膜由陶瓷制成。此外,隔热板固定在阀头的前面上,以便在前面和隔热板之间形成绝热空间,由此降低阀的运行温度。

Description

提升阀
技术领域
本发明涉及提升阀,该提升阀能够降低阀头中的热负荷。
背景技术
进气阀在朝向气缸的阀头的前面约100%加热并且在阀头的后部冷却以便热量可以离开进入吸入的空气中并且同时从阀杆和阀面离开通过阀导承和阀座进入气缸盖。
排气阀在前面和后部约7∶3加热。热量由此从阀杆和阀面通过阀导承和阀座传输到气缸盖中。
进气阀和排气阀的温度在操作期间取决于加热和冷却之间的平衡。因为冷却通常低于加热,依操作条件阀头温度增加,使热负荷增加。
提升阀一般由主要用于进气阀的马氏体耐热钢和用于排气阀的奥氏体耐热钢制成。
耐热钢较昂贵,因此限制了降低提升阀制造成本的潜力。
具有较低热负荷的进气阀由Al合金制成,可以减轻了阀操作机构,提高了发动机的性能。然而,存在高温强度的缺点,因此,不能实际应用。
发明内容
考虑到上述缺点,本发明的目的是提供一种提升阀,通过热绝缘阀头较少被加热,以便降低热负荷并且降低阀的操作温度,由此允许较宽的材料选择范围并且降低成本,最终提高发动机的性能。
附图说明
由附图所示的实施例通过下面的描述本发明的特征和优点将会更加明显,其中:
图1是本发明提升阀的第一个实施例的直立的局部剖的前视图;
图2是直立的放大的剖视图,其中薄膜形成部分较粗糙;
图3是阀头的直立的放大的剖视图,其中在薄膜中包含多层;
图4是本发明第二个实施例的直立的局部剖的前视图;
图5是本发明第三个实施例的直立的局部剖的前视图;及
图6是本发明第四个实施例的直立的局部剖的前视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用作排气阀的本发明的提升阀的第一个实施例。提升阀1包括阀杆2和阀头3,阀杆2和阀头3由奥氏体耐热钢制成。阀头3包括与汽缸(未示出)相对的前面3b和在排气口中的后部3c。除了阀面3a之外,阀头3的整个表面覆盖有薄膜4,薄膜4由耐热的绝热材料制成。
所述绝热材料包括诸如氧化铝,堇青石,氧化锆,锆石和氧化钛的陶瓷氧化物(ceramic oxides);诸如碳化硅的陶瓷碳化物(ceramiccarbides);诸如氮化硅的陶瓷氮化物(ceramic nitrides);硅酸铝;三氧化二铬;WC-Co合金;WC-Ni-W-Cr3C2合金和Cr3C2-Ni-Cr合金。
薄膜4可以利用气体火焰或电弧喷镀,等离子体喷镀,爆炸喷镀(explosion spraying),喷溅涂覆法或离子电镀法形成。薄膜4的厚度可以是0.1至0.2mm,以便对热进行绝缘并且降低重量。
为了增强薄膜4的粘附力并且为了防止其剥落,如图2所示,在其上形成薄膜的表面通过利用喷丸处理或机械加工而制造得较粗糙之后,上述的绝热材料可以喷镀。
为了防止薄膜4由于与阀自身热膨胀系数不同而导致的剥落,如图3所示,可以形成薄膜4,薄膜4包括具有不同成分的绝热材料的多个层。具体地说,第一层4a是高附着力结合层,由与阀同样的材料制成。随着层增加,绝热材料增加。最外层4b仅仅由绝热材料制成。薄膜的表面可以喷镀,而不必形成粗糙表面。在进气阀的情况下,在后部3c上的薄膜4可以省去。
图4示出了本发明的第二个实施例,其中由如上所述的绝热材料或诸如耐热钢的耐热材料制成的薄凸面隔热板7安装到马氏体耐热钢提升阀5的阀头6的前面6a上,以便在板7和前面6a之间形成绝热空间8。
为了安装隔热板7,L形断面的安装部分7a形成在周围边缘上,并且接合在前面6a的周围边缘上的环形槽9中。然后,前面6a的周围边缘塑性向内重新装配。
当隔热板7由能够铜焊或焊接的材料制成时,隔热板7的周围边缘可以焊接到前面6a上。凸面隔热板7具有足够的抵抗压力的弯曲强度并且降低凹入变形。
图5示出了本发明的提升阀的第三个实施例,其中由与上面相同材料制成的隔热板10在其上部表面上具有多个加强肋11。形成在上部周围边缘中的安装部分10a通过上述的压紧法固定到前面的周围边缘上,以便对着前面6a形成绝热空间8。
图6示出了本发明的提升阀的第四个实施例,其中提升阀5的前面6a是凹入的。在提升阀5的下部表面上,在其上部表面上具有多个加强肋11的凹入的隔热板12利用在板12的周围边缘上的L形安装部分12a通过上述压紧法固定到前面6a的周围边缘上。
绝热空间8形成在前面6a和隔热板12之间,同时加强肋11的上端接合在前面6a上。
在第三河第四实施例中,加强肋可以形成为格子,同心圆,涡旋,平行板,波纹板,不完全圆,弧形和突出。加强肋可以设置在前面6a上。
如上所述的加强肋可以设置在图4所示的实施例中。
在第二至第四个实施例中,在排气阀的情况下,类似于第一个实施例薄膜可以形成在后部6b上。
诸如玻璃棉和石棉的轻质绝热装填物或诸如氩Ar的绝热气体可以在通常压力或高压下被封闭在绝热空间8中。空间8可以是空的或真空的。
如上所述,在提升阀的上述实施例中,经受高温燃烧或排出气体的前面3b和后面3c覆盖有由绝热材料制成的薄膜4。隔热板7,10,12安装到前面6a上形成绝热空间8。进入阀头3,6中的热量减少,通过阀座或阀导承的耗散一般降低,由此,降低了操作期间阀的温度并且提高了耐久性。进入阀头3,6中的热量减少使得热损失率降低并且增加了热效率,由此提高了发动机的诸如输出和燃料效率的性能。
此外,热负荷的降低使阀能够由诸如碳钢或机械结构钢的低成本材料制造。
最重要的是,本发明允许提升阀由此前难以使用的诸如铝Al,镁Mg和钛Ti合金的轻质金属制造,由此降低阀运行机构的惯性质量以便减少诸如摩擦的机械损失,从而实现对发动机性能的双重改进,并且降低热损失。
前面仅仅涉及本发明的实施例。在不偏离权利要求的范围的情况下本领域的普通技术人员可以做出各种变化和改进。

Claims (16)

1.一种提升阀,包括:
阀杆;及
在阀杆的端部的阀头,阀头的表面覆盖有由耐热的绝热材料制成的薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀,其中除了阀面之外,阀头的表面覆盖有薄膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀,其中阀头包括与汽缸相对的前面,和后部,当提升阀用作进气阀时,仅仅前面覆盖有薄膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀,其中绝热材料包括氧化物陶瓷,碳化物陶瓷和氮化物陶瓷中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀,其中将被薄膜覆盖的阀头表面是粗糙的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀,其中薄膜包括多个层,薄膜的第一层由与阀自身同样的材料制成,另外的层随着每一个相继的层而包含增加数量的绝热材料,最外层仅仅由绝热材料制成。
7.一种提升阀,包括:
阀杆;
在阀杆的端部的阀头;及
隔热板,隔热板固定在与汽缸相对的阀头的前面上,以便在前面和隔热板之间形成绝热空间,所述板由耐热的绝热材料制成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的提升阀,其中隔热板的周围边缘通过压紧法固定到阀头的前面的周围边缘上。
9.根据权利要求7所述的提升阀,其中隔热板是凹入的。
10.根据权利要求7所述的提升阀,其中肋设置在隔热板上或阀头的前面上,以便在绝热空间中接触另一个。
11.根据权利要求10所述的提升阀,其中多个肋设置在绝热空间中。
12.根据权利要求7所述的提升阀,其中耐热的绝热填充物封闭在绝热空间中。
13.根据权利要求12所述的提升阀,其中填充物是玻璃棉或石棉。
14.根据权利要求7所述的提升阀,其中绝热气体封闭在绝热空间中。
15.根据权利要求14所述的提升阀,其中绝热气是Ar。
16.根据权利要求7所述的提升阀,其中绝热空间是真空的。
CN03109541A 2002-04-12 2003-04-09 提升阀 Pending CN1451850A (zh)

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CN105339610A (zh) * 2014-02-12 2016-02-17 日锻汽门株式会社 提升阀
CN105980675A (zh) * 2014-02-10 2016-09-28 日锻汽门株式会社 空心提升阀
CN111356784A (zh) * 2017-10-30 2020-06-30 伊顿智能动力有限公司 提升阀

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