CN1446199A - 新的脒基衍生物及其作为凝血酶抑制剂的用途 - Google Patents
新的脒基衍生物及其作为凝血酶抑制剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1446199A CN1446199A CN01814125A CN01814125A CN1446199A CN 1446199 A CN1446199 A CN 1446199A CN 01814125 A CN01814125 A CN 01814125A CN 01814125 A CN01814125 A CN 01814125A CN 1446199 A CN1446199 A CN 1446199A
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/40—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/42—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton with carboxyl groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by saturated carbon chains
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- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/53—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C233/54—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of a saturated carbon skeleton
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07D205/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D205/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Abstract
本发明提供式I化合物,其中Y和R1的含义见说明书,及其药学上可接受的衍生物(包括前体药物),所述化合物和衍生物可用作胰蛋白酶样蛋白酶例如凝血酶的竞争性抑制剂或其前体药物,因此,特别可用于治疗需要抑制凝血酶的病症(例如血栓形成)或者用作抗凝剂。
Description
本发明所属领域
本发明涉及新的药用化合物,尤其涉及胰蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶特别是凝血酶的竞争性抑制剂和/或代谢为所述抑制剂的化合物,还涉及它们作为药物的用途、含有它们的药用组合物和其制备合成路线。
背景
血液凝固是参与止血(即防止血液自损伤血管流失)和血栓形成(即在血管内形成血凝块,有时导致血管阻塞)的关键过程。
血液凝固是一系列复杂酶反应的结果。这一系列反应的最终步骤之一为凝血酶原转化为活化凝血酶。
已知凝血酶在血液凝固中起着重要的作用。它激活血小板,导致血小板聚集,使纤维蛋白原转化为纤维蛋白单体,纤维蛋白单体自发聚合成为纤维蛋白聚合物,而且凝血酶激活因子XIII,因子XIII再交联纤维蛋白聚合物形成不溶性纤维蛋白。此外,凝血酶激活因子V和因子VIII,导致由凝血酶原产生凝血酶的“正反馈”。
预期有效凝血酶抑制剂通过抑制血小板的聚集以及纤维蛋白的形成和交联而具有抗血栓形成活性。此外,预期通过有效抑制正反馈机制加强抗血栓形成活性。
先有技术
Claesson在Blood Coagul.Fibrinol.(1994)5,411中已经介绍了低分子量凝血酶抑制剂的早期开发。
Blombck等(J.Clin.Lab.Invest.24,107增刊,59(1969))报道了基于纤维蛋白原Aα链裂解位点周围的氨基酸序列的凝血酶抑制剂。上述作者提出,在所述氨基酸序列中,三肽序列Phe-Val-Arg(P9-P2-P1,此后称为P3-P2-P1序列)是最有效的抑制剂。
从美国专利第4,346,078号和国际专利申请WO 93/11152中可知道基于在P1-位具有α,ω-氨基烷基胍的二肽基衍生物的凝血酶抑制剂。还有关于类似的结构相关性二肽基衍生物的报道。例如,国际专利申请WO 94/29336公开了在P1-位上具有例如氨基甲基苄脒、环状氨基烷基脒和环状氨基烷基胍的化合物(国际专利申请WO 97/23499公开了某些这类化合物的前体药物);欧洲专利申请0 648 780公开了在P1-位上具有例如环状氨基烷基胍的化合物。
从欧洲专利申请0 468 231、0 559 046和0 641 779中可知道基于肽基衍生物的凝血酶抑制剂,其在P1-位上也具有环状氨基烷基胍(例如3-或4-氨基甲基-1-脒基-哌啶)。
欧洲专利申请0 185 390首次公开了基于在P1-位上具有精氨酸醛的三肽基衍生物的凝血酶抑制剂。
最近,报道了P3位修饰的精氨酸醛型肽基衍生物。例如,国际专利申请WO 93/18060公开了在P3位的羟基酸,欧洲专利申请0 526877公开了在P3位的脱氨基酸以及欧洲专利申请0 542 525公开了在P3位的O-甲基扁桃酸的精氨酸醛型肽基衍生物。
还知道基于在P1位的亲电酮的丝氨酸蛋白酶(例如凝血酶)抑制剂。例如,欧洲专利申请0 195 212公开了P1位的肽基α-酮基酯和酰胺,欧洲专利申请0 362 002公开了P1位的氟代烷基酰胺酮,欧洲专利申请0 364 344公开了P1位的α,β,δ-三酮基化合物以及欧洲专利申请0 530 167公开了P1位精氨酸的α-烷氧基酮衍生物。
从欧洲专利申请0 293 881可知道其它基于精氨酸及其异硫脲鎓类似物的碳端硼酸衍生物的胰蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶的结构不同的抑制剂。
最近,欧洲专利申请0 669 317和国际专利申请WO 95/35309、WO 95/23609、WO 96/25426、WO 97/02284、WO 97/46577、WO96/32110、WO 96/31504、WO 96/03374、WO 98/06740、WO 97/49404、WO 98/57932、WO 99/29664和WO 00/35869公开了基于肽基衍生物的凝血酶抑制剂。
具体来说,WO 97/02284和WO 00/42059公开了在P3位具有取代扁桃酸的凝血酶抑制剂。
然而,仍然需要有效的胰蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶例如凝血酶的抑制剂。还需要具有有利的药物动力学特征(例如低清除率)并且相对于其它丝氨酸蛋白酶、尤其涉及止血的丝氨酸蛋白酶具有选择性抑制凝血酶的化合物。预期对凝血酶具有竞争性抑制活性的化合物尤其可以用作抗凝血剂,因此用于治疗血栓形成和相关疾病。
本发明的公开
术语“药学上可接受的衍生物”尤其包括药学上可接受的盐(例如酸加成盐)。
优选式I化合物包括这样的化合物,其中:
R1为C(O)CH3、甲基或乙基;
Y为-CH2-。
特别优选的式I化合物包括:
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab;
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab;
缩写列在本说明书结尾处。
式I化合物可以按照本领域熟练技术人员熟知的技术制备,例如下文介绍的技术。
本发明再一方面提供制备式I化合物的方法,该方法包括:
(i)使式II化合物其中R1同上文定义,与式III化合物偶合,其中Y同上文定义,例如存在偶合剂(例如草酰氯的DMF、EDC、DCC、HBTU、HATU、PyBOP或TBTU溶液)、合适的碱(例如吡啶、DMAP、TEA、2,4,6-三甲吡啶或DIPEA)以及合适的有机溶剂(例如二氯甲烷、乙腈、EtOAc或DMF)下进行;
(ii)使式IV化合物其中R1和Y同上文定义,与对脒基苄胺反应,例如上述步骤(i)的条件下进行反应;或
(iii)在标准条件下使式I化合物的保护衍生物去保护。
式I化合物可以通过去除相应的式XV化合物(同下文定义)的保护而制备,去保护包括从式XV化合物去除基团C(O)ORx,其中Rx同下文定义,例如在本领域熟练技术人员已知的条件下(例如使其与QF或TFA反应(例如下文所述))。
此外,式(I)化合物可以通过去除相应的式Ia化合物(同下文定义)的保护而制备,其中R2为OR3,其中R2和R3同下文定义,例如存在合适的催化剂(例如,载体金属催化剂如Pd/C(例如10%(w/w)Pd/C)以及适当的溶剂(例如低级(如C1-6)烷基醇,例如乙醇)下,任选存在合适的酸(例如醋酸)下氢化。
式II化合物可用已知和/或标准技术获得。
a)式VI化合物,
R”CN VI其中R”为H或(CH3)3Si,例如在室温或高温(例如低于100℃)、存在合适的有机溶剂(例如氯仿或二氯甲烷)下进行反应,如果需要可存在合适的碱(例如TEA)和/或适当的催化体系(例如氯化苄铵或碘化锌),接着在本领域熟练技术人员熟知的条件下(例如下文所述)水解;
(b)NaCN或KCN,例如存在NaHSO3和水,接着水解;
(c)氯仿,例如在高温(例如高于室温而低于100℃)下,存在合适的有机溶剂(例如氯仿),如果需要可存在合适的催化体系(例如氯化苄铵),接着水解;
(e)三(甲硫基)甲烷,在本领域熟练技术人员熟知的条件下反应,接着在存在例如HgO和HBF4下水解。
或者,式II化合物可以用Ph(3-Cl)(5-NH2)-CH(OH)C(O)OH制备,例如如同下文式II化合物所述制备,其中R1为C(O)CH3或甲基。
式II化合物的对映异构体(即与CO2H基团相连的α位C原子的取代基具有不同构型的化合物)可以通过对映选择性衍生步骤分离。这可以通过例如酶作用实现。这样的酶作用包括例如在室温和回流温度之间(例如45-65℃)、合适的酶(例如Lipase PS Amano)、合适的酯(例如醋酸乙酯)以及合适的溶剂(例如甲基叔丁醚)存在下进行α-OH基团的酯交换。然后,所述衍生异构体可以通过常规分离技术(例如色谱法)与未反应的异构体分离。
在所述衍生步骤中加到式II化合物的基团可以在任何其它反应之前或者在合成式I化合物的任何后续阶段除去。使用常规的技术可以除去所添加的基团(例如对于α-OH的酯而言,在本领域熟练技术人员已知的条件下水解(例如在室温和回流温度之间,在合适的碱(例如氢氧化钠)和合适的溶剂(例如甲醇、水或其混合物)存在下进行))。
式V化合物可以用已知和/或标准技术获得。例如,它们可以通过如下方法制备:
(i)还原式X化合物或其保护衍生物,其中R1同上文定义,在合适的还原剂(例如DIBAL-H)存在下进行;或
式III、VI、VII、VIII、X和XI的化合物可商业性获得,或者是文献中已知的,或者可以用本文介绍的类似方法或者通过常规方法,根据标准技术,使用容易获得的原料在合适的试剂及反应条件下(例如下文所述)获得。
式I化合物可以从它们的反应混合物中用常规方法分离。
根据本发明,式I化合物的药学上可接受的衍生物还包括式I化合物的“保护(的)”衍生物和/或其前体药物化合物。
可列举的作为式I化合物前体药物的化合物包括式Ia化合物及其药学上可接受的衍生物:其中R2为OR3或C(O)OR4;
R3为H、C1-10烷基、C1-3烷基芳基或C1-3烷氧基芳基(后两个基团的烷基部分任选间插一个或多个氧原子,后两个基团的芳基部分任选被一个或多个选自卤基、苯基、甲基或甲氧基的取代基取代,后三个基团还任选被一个或多个卤基取代基取代);
R4为C1-10烷基(后一个基团任选间插一个或多个氧原子)、或者C1-3烷基芳基或C1-3烷氧基芳基(后两个基团的烷基部分任选间插一个或多个氧原子,而后两个基团的芳基部分任选被一个或多个选自卤基、苯基、甲基或甲氧基的取代基取代,后三个基团还任选被一个或多个卤基取代基取代);
R1和Y同上文定义。
术语式Ia化合物的“药学上可接受的衍生物”包括药学上可接受的盐(例如酸加成盐)。
R3和R4可能表示的烷氧基芳基基团包括通过氧原子连接的烷基和芳基。烷基芳基和烷氧基芳基基团通过其基团的烷基部分连接到分子的其它部分,所述基团的烷基部分可以(当它有足够数量的(即3个)碳原子)为支链。R3和R4可能表示的烷基芳基和烷氧基芳基的芳基部分包括碳环或杂环芳族(杂芳基)基团,例如苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基(例如1,2,3-噻二唑基)、吲哚基和苯并呋喃基等。
R3和R4可能表示的烷基基团可以为直链,当它有足够数量(即最少3个)碳原子时,可以为支链和/或环状。此外,当它有足够数量(即最少4个)碳原子时,所述烷基基团还可以为部分环状/无环基团。所述烷基基团还可以为饱和基团,或当它有足够数量(即最少2个)碳原子时,可以为不饱和基团。
可能取代R3和R4的卤基基团包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
当R2为C(O)OR4时,优选的R4基团包括:
(a)直链、支链或环状的C3-6烷基,例如C4-6环烷基;
(b)C1-2烷基芳基基团,例如苄基,任选如上文所述被取代。
优选的式Ia化合物包括其中R2为OR3的化合物。
当R2为OR3时,优选的R3基团包括:
(a)H;
(b)未取代的直链、支链或环状C1-8(例如C1-6)烷基,例如直链C1-3烷基(例如甲基、乙基或异丙基),支链C3-8烷基(例如异丁基)或环状C4-7烷基(例如环丁基或环己基);
(c)C1-3烷氧基苯基(例如C2烷氧基苯基),其中苯基基团任选被一个或多个上述取代基(例如三氟甲基)取代;
(d)C1-2烷基芳基(例如甲基芳基),其中芳基基团为苯基、吡啶基、异噁唑基或噻二唑基,后四个基团任选被一个或多个上述取代基(例如甲氧基、甲基、溴基和/或氯基)取代。
优选的式Ia化合物包括其中R2为OR3并且R3为以下基团的化合物:
(i)直链或环状(当合适时)C1-6(例如C1-4)烷基,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基或环己基;或
(ii)甲基芳基,其中芳基基团为苯基或异噁唑基,后两个基团任选在芳基部分被一个选自甲氧基、甲基和溴基的取代基取代(例如4-甲基苄基、3-甲氧基苄基、2-溴苄基或5-甲基-3-异噁唑基)。
式Ia化合物可以通过一种或多种以下方法制备:
(a)使上文定义的式II化合物与式XII化合物偶合,其中Y和R2同上文定义,例如在与上述合成式I化合物类似的条件下进行;
(c)对R2为OH的式Ia化合物,使相应的式XIV化合物,其中R1和Y同上文定义,与羟胺反应,例如在本领域熟练技术人员已知的条件下进行;
(d)对R2为OR3的式Ia化合物,使相应式I化合物的保护衍生物,例如式XV化合物或其互变异构体,其中Rx为例如-CH2CH2-Si(CH3)3或苄基,R1和Y同上文定义,与式XVI化合物或其酸加成盐反应,
R3ONH2 XVI其中R3同上文定义,例如在室温和回流温度之间、存在合适的有机溶剂下(例如THF,CH3CN,DMF或DMSO)进行,然后在本领域熟练技术人员已知的条件下(例如使其与QF或TFA反应(例如下文所述))除去-C(O)ORx基团;
(e)对于R2为COOR4的式Ia化合物,使上文定义的相应的式I化合物与式XVII化合物反应,
L1COOR4 XVII其中L1为合适的离去基团,例如卤基,而R4同上文定义,例如在室温或室温附近、存在合适的碱(例如NaOH,例如NaOH水溶液)和合适的有机溶剂(例如二氯甲烷)下进行;或
(f)对于R2为OCH3或OCH2CH3的式Ia化合物,使R2为OH的相应的式Ia化合物分别与硫酸二甲酯或硫酸二乙酯反应,例如在存在合适的碱(例如碱金属氢氧化物,例如KOH(例如水溶液,例如50wt.%))和适当的催化剂(例如季铵卤化物例如氯化苄基三甲铵(例如其CH2Cl2或THF溶液,例如10wt.%))下进行。
或者式XIV和XV的化合物可以通过相应的式IV化合物分别与对氰基苄胺或式XX化合物偶合制备,其中Rx同上文定义,例如各个反应在与上述合成式I化合物的类似条件下进行。
或者式XV化合物的制备可以通过相应的式XIV化合物与羟胺在本领域熟练技术人员已知的条件下反应,然后:
(i)在本领域熟练技术人员已知的条件下(例如催化氢化)还原所得羟胺;然后
(ii)使所得式I化合物与相应的式XVII化合物反应,式XVII中Rx代替R4而存在,其中Rx同上文定义,例如在上述制备式Ia化合物的条件下进行。
式XII、XVIII和XIX的化合物的制备可以通过使上文定义的相应的式VIII化合物分别与上文定义的式XIII化合物、对氰基苄胺或上文定义的式XX化合物偶合,例如各个反应在与上述合成式I化合物的类似条件下进行。
式XIII、XVI、XVII和XX的化合物可商业性获得、或是文献已知的、或者可用本文介绍的类似方法或常规合成方法,根据标准技术,用易获得的原料在合适的试剂及反应条件下(例如下文所述)获得。
式Ia化合物可以从它们的反应混合物中通过常规技术分离。
以上定义的式I和Ia化合物及其衍生物在下文中称为“本发明化合物”。
本发明化合物可能具有互变异构现象。所有互变异构体形式及其混合物都包括在本发明范围。可以列举的具体互变异构体形式包括连接式Ia化合物脒官能团的双键位置以及取代基R2的位置的互变异构体形式。
本发明化合物还包含两个或更多不对称碳原子,因此可能具有旋光性和/或非对映异构现象。使用常规技术例如色谱法或分步结晶可以分离非对映异构体。通过使用常规技术例如分步结晶或HPLC可以通过分离所述化合物的外消旋体或其它混合物而分离出各种立体异构体。或者,通过合适的旋光性原料在不引起外消旋化或差向异构化的条件下反应或者通过例如用纯手性的酸衍化,然后通过常规方法(例如HPLC、二氧化硅色谱法)分离非对映异构体衍生物可以制备所需要的旋光异构体。所有的立体异构体均包括在本发明的范围内。
在上述片段中的键上的波浪线表示所述片段的键位。
因此,本发明特别优选化合物包括:
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab;
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab。
本领域技术人员知道,在上下文介绍的方法中,中间体化合物的官能团可能需要用保护基来保护。
需要保护的官能团包括羟基、氨基和羧酸。羟基的合适保护基包括三烷基甲硅烷基或二芳基烷基甲硅烷基(例如叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基或三甲基甲硅烷基)和四氢吡喃基。羧酸的合适保护基包括C1-6烷基或苯甲酯。氨基和脒基的合适保护基包括叔丁氧基羰基、苄氧基羰基或2-三甲基甲硅烷基乙氧基羰基(Teoc)。脒基氮还可以用羟基或烷氧基保护并可以是单保护或双保护。
官能团的保护和去保护可以在偶合前或偶合后或者在上述流程任何其它反应之前或之后进行。
按照本领域熟练技术人员熟知的技术以及下文所述技术可以除去保护基。
本领域熟练技术人员知道,为了用另一种方法,并且在某些情况下更便利的方法获得本发明化合物,上述各方法步骤可以以不同的次序进行和/或各反应可以在总的路线中不同阶段进行(即结合具体的反应,取代基可以加到上述的不同中间体和/或对上述不同中间体进行化学转化)。这可能不需要保护基或必需保护基。
所涉及的化学过程类型将决定是否需要保护基和类型以及完成该合成的顺序。
保护基应用在“Pretective Groups in Organic Chemistry”,J W FMcOmie主编,Plenum Press(1973)和“Pretective Groups in OrganicChemistry”,第3版,T W Greene & P G M Wutz,Wiley-Interscience(1999)中有全面描述。
采用标准的去保护技术(例如氢化)可以将本发明化合物的保护衍生物化学转化为本发明化合物。本领域熟练技术人员还知道,某些式Ia化合物还可称为式I化合物的“保护衍生物”。
上文提到的部分中间体为新的化合物。
因此,本发明再一方面提供:
(a)上文定义的式II化合物或其保护衍生物;(b)上文定义的式IV化合物或其保护衍生物;(c)上文定义的式XIV化合物或其保护衍生物;(d)上文定义的式XV化合物或其保护衍生物。
优选的式II化合物包括Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)OH和Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-CH(OH)C(O)OH。优选的式III化合物包括Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-OH和Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-OH。优选的式XV化合物包括Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab(Teoc)和 Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab(Teoc)。医药用途
本发明化合物本身可具有药理活性。可能具有所述活性的本发明化合物包括(但不限于)式I化合物。
然而,本发明其它化合物(包括式Ia化合物)可能不具有所述活性,但可以胃肠外或口服给予,此后在体内代谢形成药理活性化合物(包括但不限于相应的式I化合物)。这类化合物(也包括可能具有部分药理活性,但该活性明显低于它们代谢产生的“活性”化合物活性)因此可以称作所述活性化合物的“前体药物”。
因此,本发明化合物是有用的,因为它们具有药理活性和/或口服或胃肠外给药后在体内代谢形成具有药理活性的化合物。因此,本发明化合物适合用作药物。
因此,本发明再一方面提供用作药物的本发明化合物。
具体来说,本发明化合物本身是有效的凝血酶抑制剂和/或(例如在前体药物的情况下)在给药后代谢形成有效的凝血酶抑制剂,例如其可以在以下所述试验中得到证实。
所谓“凝血酶抑制剂的前体药物”包括在口服或胃肠外给药(参见例如下述试验E)后或其在存在肝微粒体下温育后(参见下述试验G),在预定的时间(例如约1小时)内形成(即代谢形成)实验可检测量的凝血酶抑制剂的化合物。
因此,预期本发明化合物可用于需要抑制凝血酶的疾病和/或适合抗凝剂治疗的病症,包括:
治疗和/或预防动物包括人类的血液和/或组织中的血栓形成和高凝固性。已知高凝固性可以导致血栓栓塞性疾病。可以列举的高凝固性相关性病症和血栓栓塞性疾病包括遗传性或获得性激活蛋白C抗性例如因子V-突变(因子V Leiden)以及抗凝血酶III、蛋白C、蛋白S或肝素辅因子II遗传性或获得性缺乏。其它已知高凝固性相关性病症和血栓栓塞性疾病包括循环抗磷脂抗体(Lupus抗凝剂)、高半胱氨酸血症(homocysteinemi)、肝素性血小板减少症和纤维蛋白溶解缺陷以及凝固综合征(例如弥散性血管内凝血(DIC))和普通血管损伤(例如外科手术引起的血管损伤)。
治疗存在不需要的过量凝血酶而无高凝固性迹象的病症,例如神经变性疾病例如阿耳茨海默氏病存在的这种情况。
可以列举的具体病症包括治疗性和/或预防性治疗静脉血栓形成(例如DVT)和肺栓塞、动脉血栓形成(例如心肌梗塞、不稳定性心绞痛、血栓形成性中风和外周动脉血栓形成)以及通常房颤时缘自心房或跨壁心肌梗塞后缘自左心室或者充血性心力衰竭引起的系统性栓塞。预防血栓溶解、经皮经腔血管成形术(PTA)和冠脉旁路手术后的再阻塞(即血栓形成);防止在显微手术和普通血管手术后再次血栓形成。
其它适应症包括治疗性/或预防性治疗细菌、多发性损伤、中毒或任何其它机制引起的弥散性血管内凝血;当血液与体内的外源性表面例如血管移植物、血管移植片固定膜(stent)、血管导管、机械和生物性修复瓣膜或任何其它医疗装置接触时的抗凝处理;当血液与体外医疗装置例如在心血管手术期间使用心-肺机或血液透析时的抗凝处理;治疗性和/或预防性治疗特发性成人呼吸窘迫综合征、放疗或化疗后的肺纤维化、败血症性休克、败血症、炎性反应(包括但不限于水肿)、急性或慢性动脉粥样硬化例如冠状动脉疾病及形成动脉硬化斑、脑动脉疾病、脑梗塞、脑血栓形成、脑栓塞、外周动脉疾病、局部缺血、心绞痛(包括不稳定性心绞痛)、再灌注损伤和经皮经腔血管成形术(PTA)和冠状动脉旁路搭桥术后再狭窄。
抑制胰蛋白酶/或凝血酶的本发明化合物也可以用于治疗胰腺炎。
因此,本发明化合物适用于治疗性和/或预防性治疗上述病症。
本发明再一方面提供治疗需要抑制凝血酶的病症的方法,该方法包括给予患有或者易患所述病症的病人治疗有效量的本发明化合物。
本发明化合物一般以药用制剂通过口服、静脉内、皮下、口颊、直肠、经皮、鼻腔、气管、支气管、任何其它胃肠外途径或吸入给药,所述药用制剂为药学上可接受的剂型,其包含活性化合物的游离碱或药学上可接受的非毒性有机酸或无机酸加成盐或其它衍生物。
根据所治疗的疾病、患者和给药途径,可以给予不同剂量的所述组合物。
本发明化合物也可以与任何具有不同作用机制的抗血栓形成药物联合和/或同时给药,例如抗血小板药物乙酰水杨酸、噻氯匹定、氯吡格雷、血栓烷受体和/或合成酶抑制剂、纤维蛋白原受体拮抗剂、前列环素模拟物、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、ADP-受体(P2T)拮抗剂和羧肽酶U(CPU)抑制剂。
本发明化合物还可以与血栓溶解剂联合和/或同时给药,例如组织纤溶酶原激活物(天然、重组或修饰组织纤溶酶原激活物)、链激酶、尿激酶、尿激酶原、茴香酰化纤溶酶原-链激酶激活物复合物(APSAC)、动物唾腺纤溶酶原激活物等,其目的是治疗血栓形成疾病、尤其是心肌梗塞。
因此,本发明再一方面提供包含本发明化合物和药学上可接受的辅助剂、稀释剂或载体的药用制剂。
在人类治疗中,本发明化合物的合适日剂量为:口服给药为0.001-100mg/kg体重,胃肠外给药为0.001-50mg/kg体重。
本发明化合物的优点是,与先有技术中已知化合物相比,它们可能更有效、毒性更低、作用时间更长久,具有更广泛的活性、作用更强、副作用更少、更容易吸收和/或具有更好的药代动力学特征(例如清除率低)或者具有其它有用的药理学、物理学或化学性质。生物学试验
可以使用下列试验方法。试验A 测定凝血酶凝固时间(TT)
将抑制剂溶液(25μl)与血浆(25μl)温育3分钟。然后,加入人凝血酶(T 6769;Sigma Chem.Co.或Hematologic Technologies)缓冲溶液,pH7.4(25μl,4.0 NIH单位/ml),用自动装置(KC 10;Amelung)测定凝固时间。
凝血酶凝固时间(TT)表示为绝对值(秒)以及不含有抑制剂的TT(TT0)与含有抑制剂的TT(TTi)的比值。将比值(范围1-0)对抑制剂浓度(log转换)作图,根据以下方程式拟合为S形剂量-反应曲线:
y=a/[1+(x/IC50)s]其中:a=最大范围,即1;s=剂量-反应曲线的斜率;IC50=凝固时间倍增的抑制剂浓度。在PC上使用GraFit第3版的软件程序进行计算,设定方程等于:0开始,规定结束=1(Erithacus Software,RobinLeatherbarrow,Imperial College of Science,London,UK)。试验B 采用生色自动测试测定对凝血酶的抑制作用
采用生色底物方法,在Plato 3300自动微量滴定板处理器(RosysAG,CH-8634 Hombrechtikon,Switzerland)上,使用96孔半体积微量滴定板(Costar,Cambridge,MA,USA;目录号3690)测定凝血酶抑制剂的效能。采用DMSO以1∶3(24+48μl)系列稀释试验物质在DMSO(72μl)中的贮备液(0.1-1mmol/L)得到十种不同的浓度,其作为本测试中的分析样品。用124μl测试缓冲液稀释2μl的试验样品,加入12μl生色底物在测试缓冲液中的溶液(S-2366,Chromogenix,Mǒlndal,Sweden)和最后加入12μl α-凝血酶在测试缓冲液中的溶液(人α-凝血酶,Sigma Chemical Co.或Hematologic Technologies),混合样品。最终测试浓度为:试验物质0.00068-13.3μmol/L,S-2366 0.30mmol/L,α-凝血酶0.020NIHU/ml。使用在37℃的40分钟温育期间线性吸光度递增计算与无抑制剂的空白对比的试验样品的百分抑制率。根据log浓度与%抑制率曲线计算相当于引起凝血酶活性抑制50%的抑制剂浓度的IC50-自动测定值。试验C 测定人凝血酶的抑制常数Ki
使用生色底物方法,于37℃在Cobas Bio离心分析仪(Roche,Basel,Switzerland)上完成Ki测定。三种不同底物浓度下,测定在人α-凝血酶与不同浓度试验化合物温育后残余酶活性,测定结果以405nm吸光度变化表示。
将试验化合物溶液(100μl;通常为含有BSA 10g/L的缓冲液或盐水)与200μl人α-凝血酶(Sigma Chemical Co)在含有BSA(10g/L)的测试缓冲液(0.05mol/L Tris-HCl pH7.4,用氯化钠调节离子强度为0.15)中混合,用Cobas Bio分析样品。将60μl样品以及20μl水加入到320μl的测试缓冲液中的底物S-2238(Chromogenix AB,Molndal,Sweden)中,监测吸光度变化(ΔA/分钟)。S-2238的最终浓度为16、24和50μmol/L,凝血酶的最终浓度为0.125 NIH U/mL。
使用稳定态反应速率构建Dixon曲线即抑制剂浓度与1/(ΔA/分钟)的曲线图。对于可逆竞争性抑制剂而言,不同底物浓度的数据点一般形成直线,其在x处的截距为-Ki。试验D 测定活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)
用Stago生产的试剂PTT Automated 5测定收集的正常人含枸缘盐血浆APTT。将所述抑制剂加入到血浆(10μl抑制剂溶液与90μl血浆)中,与APTT试剂温育3分钟,然后加入100μl氯化钙溶液(0.025M),并,根据试剂制造商的说明使用血液凝固分析仪KC10(Amelung)测定APTT。
凝固时间表示为绝对值(秒)以及不加抑制剂的APTT(APTT0)与加入抑制剂的APTT(APTTi)的比值。将比值(范围1-0)对抑制剂的浓度(log转换)作图,根据以下方程拟合为S形剂量-反应曲线:
y=a/[1+(x/IC50)s]其中:a=最大范围,即1;s=剂量-反应曲线的斜率;IC50=凝固时间倍增的抑制剂浓度。使用GraFit第3版的软件程序在PC上进行计算,设定方程等于:0开始,规定结束=1(Erithacus Software,RobinLeatherbarrow,Imperial College of Science,London,UK)。
IC50APTT定义为活化部分凝血活酶时间倍增的人血浆抑制剂浓度。试验E 测定活体外凝血酶时间
检测清醒大鼠在口服或胃肠外给予溶解在乙醇∶SolutolTM∶水(5∶5∶90)中的本发明化合物后对凝血酶的抑制作用,大鼠在实验前一或两天安放导管,以便从颈动脉采血。在实验的当天,在给予化合物后的固定时间采取血样到含有1份柠檬酸钠溶液(0.13mol/L)和9份血的塑料试管中。将试管离心获得血小板极少的血浆。
50μL血浆样品用100μL冷乙腈沉淀。样品以4000rpm离心10分钟。75μL上清液用75μL 0.2%甲酸稀释。取10μL体积获得的溶液通过LC-MS/MS分析,利用标准曲线确定凝血酶抑制剂浓度。试验F 测定大鼠血浆清除率
测定雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠的血浆清除率。将化合物溶于水中,以4μmol/kg剂量皮下快速注射给药。给药后频繁收集血样长达5小时。离心血样,分离血浆与血细胞,将血浆转移至含枸缘盐(终浓度10%)的小瓶中。用100μL冷乙腈沉淀50μL血浆样品。样品以4000rpm离心10分钟。用75μL 0.2%甲酸稀释75μL上清液。取10μL体积获得的溶液通过LC-MS/MS分析,利用标准曲线确定凝血酶抑制剂浓度。利用对数/线性梯形规则计算血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积,外推至无穷时间。然后如下计算化合物的血浆清除率(CL):
CL=剂量/AUC
数值报告为mL/min/kg。试验G 测定体外稳定性
从Sprague-Dawley大鼠制备肝微粒体,按照内部SOP制备人肝样品。在辅助因子NADH(2.5mmol/L)和NADPH(0.8mmol/L)存在下,化合物在0.05mol/L TRIS缓冲液(pH7.4)中于37℃温育,微粒体蛋白总浓度为3mg/mL。化合物的初始浓度为5或10μmol/L。开始温育后取样品分析长达60分钟。加入相当于3.3%总样品体积量的20%肉豆蔻酸立即终止收集样品的酶活性。使用在0时间收集的样品作为对照(START CONC.),利用LCMS测定60分钟样品保留的化合物浓度(FINAL CONC)。如下计算凝血酶降解抑制剂的%: 试验H 动脉血栓形成模型
在颈动脉局部施用氯化铁(FeCl3)诱发动脉损伤。腹膜内注射苯巴比妥钠(80mg/kg;Apoteksbolget;Umea,Sweden)麻醉大鼠,然后在整个试验中连续输注(12mg/kg/h)维持麻醉。在整个试验中通过外部加热使大鼠体温维持在38℃。试验开始时为5分钟控制期。5分钟后,腹膜内给予人125I-纤维蛋白原(80kBq;IM53;Amersham International,Buckinghamshire,UK),其用作随后纤维蛋白(原)掺入-血栓的标记。将颈动脉段近端放入纵向开放的塑料管(6mm;Silastic;Dow Corning,MI,USA),其中含有氯化铁浸湿(2μL,55% w/w;Merck,Darmstadt,Germany)的滤纸(直径3mm;1F;Munktell,Grycksbo,Sweden)。左颈动脉暴露于氯化铁10分钟,然后从塑料试管取出浸入盐水中。50分钟后,取出颈动脉,用盐水冲洗。此外,注射125I-纤维蛋白原后10分钟和试验结束时,取对照血样测定血液125I-活度。对照血样和血管节段的125I-活度在试验的同一天用γ计数仪(1282 Compugamma;LKBWallac Oy,Turku,Finland)测定。血栓大小的检测为掺入血管节段的125I-活度相对于血液125I-活度(cpm/mg)的相对量。
借助于下列实施例阐明本发明。普通试验细节
TLC在硅胶中进行。
手性HPLC分析采用46mm×250mm Chiralcel OD柱和5cm保护柱进行。柱温维持在35℃。流速为1.0mL/min。使用Gilson 115 UV检测器(288nm)。流动相包括己烷、乙醇和三氟乙酸,并列出了每个化合物的合适比例。一般将产物溶于最小量乙醇,然后将其用流动相稀释。
LC-MS/MS用配备CTC-PAL注射器和5μm,4×100mmThermoQuest,Hypersil BDS-C18柱的HP-1100仪器进行。使用API-3000(Sciex)MS检测器。流速为1.2mL/min,梯度流动相为10-90%乙腈和90-10% 4mM醋酸铵水溶液,两者均包含0.2%甲酸。
1H NMR谱用四甲基硅烷作为内标进行记录。13C NMR谱用列出的氘化溶剂作为内标进行记录。
熔点为未校正熔点。实施例1 Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(i)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH 方法A:
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NH2)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH(3.5g,16.8mmol;参见国际专利申请WO 00/42059)和甲醛(1.8mL 37wt%的H2O溶液,23.9mmol)的EtOH(400mL)的混合物在25℃搅拌18小时。真空浓缩溶液获得可破碎的泡沫状物,加入氧化铂(IV)(0.35g)的EtOH(400mL)溶液,在氢气氛下搅拌48小时。将混合物通过Celite垫过滤,用EtOH洗涤滤饼。真空浓缩有机物,用快速硅胶色谱法以CHCl3∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH(7∶2.5∶0.5)洗脱获得1.0g(28%)可破碎泡沫状的小标题化合物的铵盐。通过Amberlite CG-50垫用CH3CN∶MeOH(3∶1)冲洗相应铵盐获得小标题化合物。方法B:
将Ph(3-Cl)(5-NH2)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH(8.67g,43.0mmol;参见国际专利申请WO 00/42059)和甲基碘(6.10g,43.0mmol)的CH3CN(500mL)和MeOH(100mL)混合物加热至50℃24小时。真空浓缩溶液,用硅胶快速色谱法以CHCl3∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH(7∶2.5∶0.5)洗脱获得2.9g(31%)固体小标题化合物的铵盐。通过Amberlite CG-50垫用CH3CN∶MeOH(3∶1)冲洗相应铵盐获得小标题化合物。
Mp:58-65℃
Rf=0.25(6∶3∶1 CHCl3∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH)
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ 6.68(m,1H),6.61(m,1H),6.50(m,1H),4.98(s,1H),2.75(s,3H)。
13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ176.8,153.4,144.1,136.7,116.3,113.2,111.0,74.7,31.3
API-MS:(M+1)=216m/z
HPLC分析:97.2%,97.9%ee,Chiralcel OD柱(90∶10∶0.5Hex∶EtOH∶TFA流动相)。
[α]D 25=-81.6°(c=1.0,MeOH)(ii)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH(0.21g,0.97mmol;参见上述步骤(i))和H-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(0.38g,1.02mmol,参见国际专利申请WO 00/42059)的DMF(10mL)混合物在0℃加入三甲基吡啶(0.26g,2.13mmol)和PyBOP(0.56g,1.07mmol)。将溶液在0℃搅拌2小时,加温至25℃,搅拌18小时,然后真空浓缩。用延展型硅胶快速色谱法(3x),依次用CHCl3∶EtOH(9∶1)、CHCl3∶EtOH(95∶5)、EtOAc∶EtOH(20∶1)洗脱获得0.31g(61%)的可破碎泡沫状小标题化合物。
Mp:93-98℃
Rf=0.40(9∶1 CHCl3∶EtOH)
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD,旋转异构体混合物)δ7.82(d,2H,J=9Hz),7.42(d,2H,J=9Hz),6.66(m,1H),6.48-6.59(m,2H),5.13和4.78(m,1H),5.02(s,1H)3.96-4.58(m,6H),2.76(s,3H),2.05-2.75(m,2H),1.05-1.13(m,2H),0.07(s,9H)
API-MS:(M+1)=574m/z(iii)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab
在冰冷的Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(71mg,0.12mmol,得自以上步骤(ii))的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液中加入TFA(1mL),将混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,在室温搅拌1小时,随后真空浓缩获得的混合物。将残余物溶于水,冷冻干燥,获得79mg(97%)标题化合物。
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD):(非对映异构体/旋转异构体的复合物)δ7.74(d,2H),7.52(d,2H);7.03(t,0.25H,少量旋转异构体);6.98(t,0.25H,少量旋转异构体);6.96(t,0.75H,主要旋转异构体);6.93(t,0.25H,少量旋转异构体);6.89(t,0.25H,主要旋转异构体);6.84(t,0.25H,主要旋转异构体);5.22(dd,0.25H,少量旋转异构体);5.12(s,0.75H,主要旋转异构体);5.10(s,0.25H,少量旋转异构体);4.80(dd,0.75H,主要旋转异构体);4.58-4.44(多峰,2H);4.34(m,0.75H,主要旋转异构体);4.12-3.95(多峰,1.25H);2.87(s,0.75H,少量旋转异构体);2.83(s,2.25H,主要旋转异构体);2.70(m,0.25H,少量旋转异构体);2.53(s,0.75H,主要旋转异构体);2.27(m,0.75H,主要旋转异构体);2.15(s,0.25H,少量旋转异构体)。
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):(羰基和/或脒碳)δ174.2;173.6;172.9;168.1。
MS:(M+1)430m/z实施例2 平行合成烷氧基脒
该合成在96孔Robbins板中进行。
在含有适量O-取代的羟胺(下面具体说明)的各孔中加入Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(10mg;17μmol;参见以上实施例1(ii))的乙腈溶液(1.0mL)。密封板,使反应混合物在60℃烤箱旋转过夜。冷却并过滤后,用乙腈(3×0.3mL)洗涤固体。真空离心浓缩合并的液体。残余物分配在水(0.4mL)和醋酸乙酯(0.4mL)之间。液-液萃取后全都通过HydromatrixTM柱过滤。用醋酸乙酯洗涤3次后,真空离心浓缩合并的滤液。加入二氯甲烷(0.1mL)和三氟乙酸(0.3mL)进行去保护。在室温下搅拌3小时后,真空去除溶剂。残余物分配在碳酸氢钠(0.5mL饱和水溶液)和醋酸乙酯(0.5mL)之间。萃取后,通过HydromatrixTM过滤并浓缩(参见下文),残余物溶解于异丙醇/水(7/3)(1mL)。取出约2%溶液用异丙醇/水(7/3)(1mL)稀释,用于进行LC-MS分析。真空去除溶剂后,将固体残余物转移至96孔板,用乙腈和醋酸乙酯溶解化合物。真空离心下蒸去溶剂,获得下列标题化合物(所有原料均商业性获得):2.1
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OCH2-3-异噁唑)(5-Me))
用3-[(氨基氧基)甲基]-5-甲基异噁唑x HCl(21mg;0.13mmol)制备。产量:4.66mg(50%)
LC(254mn)100%
MS(m/z)541(M+1)+2.2
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OCH2-3-吡啶)
用3-[(氨基氧基)甲基]吡啶x2HCl(17mg;86μmol)制备。
产量:7.56mg(81%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)537(M+1)+2.3
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OiBu)
用O-异丁基羟胺xHCl(13mg;104μmol)制备。产量:4.9mg(56%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)502(M+1)+2.4
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OEt)
用O-乙基羟胺xHCl(13mg;133μmol)制备。产量:7.13mg(86%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)474(M+1)+2.5
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OBn)
用O-苄基羟胺xHCl(18mg;113μmol)制备。产量:5.76mg(62%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)536(M+1)+2.6
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Oc己基)
用O-环己基羟胺xHCl(12mg;79μmol)制备。
产量:7.09mg(77%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)528(M+1)+2.7
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Oc丁基)
用O-环丁基羟胺xHCl(16mg;130μmol)制备。
产量:6.24mg(72%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)500(M+1)+2.8
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)-Aze-Pab(OCH2-4-噻二唑-(5-Cl))
用4-(氨基氧基)甲基-5-氯-1,2,3-噻二唑xHCl(16mg;79μmol)制备。产量:10.4mg(100%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)578(M+1)+2.9
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OCH2CH2OPh(3-CF3))
用O-[2-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]乙基]羟胺xHCl(21mg;82μmol)制备。产量:7.44mg(65%)。
LC:96%
MS(m/z)634(M+1)+2.10
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OBn(3-MeO))
用O-(3-甲氧基苄基)羟胺xHCl(20mg;105μmol)制备。产量:5.07mg(51%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)566(M+1)+2.11
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OBn(2-Br))
用O-(2-溴苄基)羟胺xHCl(24mg;101μmol)制备。产量:5.01mg(47%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)616(M+1)+2.12
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OBn(4-Me))
用O-(4-甲基苄基)羟胺xHCl(17mg;98μmol)制备。
产量:6.00mg(63%)。
LC:100%
MS(m/z)550(M+1)+
1H NMR(400MHz;CDCl3):δ7.99(bt,1H),7.56(d,2H),7.32(d,2H),7.25(d,2H),7.16(d,2H),6.59(t,1H),6.51(t,1H),6.37(t,1H),5.07(s,2H),4.86(bs,1H),4.84(m,2H),4.76(s,1H),4.44(m,2H),4.03(m,1H),3.70(m,1H),2.75(s,3H),2.60(m,1H),2.35(s,3H),2.34(m,1H)。
13C NMR(100MHz;CDCl3):(羰基和/或脒碳)δ172.3,171.1,170.0,151.8或150.9。实施例3 Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OMe)(i)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OMe,Teoc)
将Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(0.043g;0.075mmol,参见上述实施例1(ii))和O-甲基羟胺xHCl(0.045g;0.54mmol)的THF(5mL)溶液回流过夜。减压浓缩后,将残余物溶于醋酸乙酯,用水和盐水洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂获得无色固体的小标题化合物。产量:0.045g(100%)。
MS(m/z)604(M+1)+,602(M-1)-(ii)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OMe)
将三氟醋酸(1.0mL)加入搅拌下的冰/水冷却的Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OMe,Teoc)(45mg;74μmol;参见以上步骤(i))的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液。在1.5小时后除去冷却浴。在室温下1小时后,加入乙腈,小心地减压除去溶剂。将粗产物用反相HPLC(乙腈:0.1M醋酸铵水溶液)提纯,在冷冻干燥合适的部分后获得无色固体标题化合物。产量:19mg(56%)。
MS(m/z)460(M+1)+,458(M-1)-
1H NMR(300MHz;CDCl3):δ8.02(bt,1H),7.60(d,2H),7.32(d,2H),6.64(s,1H),6.56(s,1H),6.40(s,1H),4.87(m,2H),4.8(s,1H),4.47(m,2H),4.06(m,1H),3.91(s,3H),3.70(m,1H),3.0(bs,1H),2.80(s,3H),2.65(m,1H),2.40(m,1H)。
13C NMR(100MHz;CD3OD):(羰基和/或脒碳)δ173.9,172.7,155.1。实施例4 Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHEt)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(i)
3,5-二硝基苄醇
3,5-二硝基苯甲酸(213.0g,1.00mol)的无水THF(1500mL)溶液在0℃于1小时内加入硼烷-四氢呋喃络合物(1.5L 1M的THF溶液,1.50mol)。将获得的不均匀混合物在0℃搅拌3小时,在25℃搅拌18小时。将获得的均匀溶液用水猝灭,真空浓缩至出现固体。滤出固体,用水洗涤后溶于醋酸乙酯。含水滤液用醋酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机物用碳酸氢钠水溶液和盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩获得176.0g(89%)固体小标题化合物,直接使用无需再提纯。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ8.88(m,1H),8.55-8.68(m,2H),4.83(s,2H)。(ii)
3-氨基-5-硝基苄醇
3,5-二硝基苄醇(129.1g,0.65mol;得自上述步骤(i))的MeOH(1500mL)溶液在回流下于45分钟内加入硫化铵(450mL,442.9g 20wt%的水溶液,1.30mol)。将获得的不均匀混合物回流2小时,在25℃搅拌18小时。溶液用硅藻土垫过滤,将滤液用2N HCl酸化,真空蒸馏除去MeOH。将剩余酸性水溶液用乙醚(3x)洗涤,用6N NaOH碱化。将碱性水溶液用乙醚(4x)萃取。有机萃取液用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩获得95.8g(88%)橙色固体小标题化合物,直接使用无需再提纯。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.46(m,1H),7.38(m,1H),6.98(m,1H),4.57(s,2H)。(iii)
3-氯-5-硝基苄醇
3-氨基-5-硝基苄醇(103.8g,0.62mol;得自上述步骤(ii))的HCl(1.0L,6N)悬浮液在-5℃于45分钟内加入亚硝酸钠(47.1g,0.68mol)的水(400mL)溶液。获得的溶液在-5℃搅拌1小时后,在1小时内加入氯化铜(II)(125.0g,0.93mol)和氯化亚铜(I)(0.74g,0.007mol)的6N HCl(1.0L)混合物,同时保持温度低于0℃。将获得的溶液加温至60-70℃ 2.5小时,然后冷却至室温,用乙醚(6x)萃取。有机物用盐水(2x)洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩获得粗产物,用硅胶快速色谱法,以Hex∶EtOAc(4∶1)洗脱获得81.7g(70%)的乳白色小标题化合物。小标题化合物可以用二氯甲烷结晶以进一步提纯。
Mp:74-75℃
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.14(s,2H),7.72(s,1H),4.83(d,2H,J=7Hz),2.18(t,1H,J=7HZ)
CI-MS:(M+1)=188m/z(iv)
5-氨基-3-氯苄醇 方法A:
3-氯-5-硝基苄醇(31.0g,165mmol;参见以上步骤(iii))的EtOH(800mL)溶液中加入氧化铂(IV)(5g)。悬浮液在一个大气压的氢气氛下于室温搅拌24小时。将反应混合物通过Celite过滤,用EtOH洗涤滤饼。真空浓缩滤液获得褐色油状物,将它用硅胶快速色谱法,以Hex∶EtOAc(1∶1)洗脱获得12.1g(46%)橙色油状物的小标题化合物。方法B:
3-氯-5-硝基苄醇(9.5g,50.6mmol;参见以上步骤(iii))的EtOAc(150mL)溶液中加入5%硫化Pt/C(4.7g)。将悬浮液在一个大气压氢气氛下于室温搅拌5小时。将反应混合物通过Celite过滤,用EtOAc洗涤滤饼。真空浓缩滤液获得7.6g(95%)固体小标题化合物,直接使用无需再提纯。1H NMR(300 MHz,CD3OD)δ6.68(s,1H),6.62(m,2H),4.47(s,2H)。(v)
3-氯-5-(NHAc)苄基醋酸酯
5-氨基-3-氯苄醇(14.1g,89.5mmol;参见以上步骤(iv)的吡啶(500mL)溶液在0℃滴加醋酸酐(36.5g,358mmol)。将混合物加温至室温,搅拌5小时。真空浓缩混合物,用EtOAc(300mL)稀释。有机物依次用2N HCl(3×300mL)、饱和NaHCO3(200mL)和盐水(200mL)洗涤,然后用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩获得20.5g(95%)褐色固体的小标题化合物,直接使用无需再提纯。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(bs,1H),7.52(s,1H),7.34(s,1H),7.02(s,1H),5.02(s,2H),2.17(s,3H),2.10(s,3H)(vi)
3-氯-5-(NHEt)苄醇
在0℃将氢化锂铝(12.9g,339mmol)分批加入机械搅拌下的3-氯-5-(NHAc)苄基醋酸酯(20.5g,84.8mmol;得自以上步骤(v))的THF(600mL)溶液。将悬浮液回流3小时,冷却至0℃,然后依次用水(13mL)、3N NaOH(13mL)和水(40mL)猝灭。通过Celite过滤去除固体,用EtOAc(500mL)洗涤。真空浓缩滤液获得15.7g(100%)橙色油状物的小标题化合物,直接使用无需再提纯。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ6.62(s,1H),6.47(s,1H),6.44(s,1H),6.42(s,1H),4.52(s,2H),3.12(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.25(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)(vii)
3-氯-5-(NHEt)苯甲醛
在-78℃将草酰氯(12.0g,94.8mmol)滴加到二甲基亚砜(14.8g,190mmol)的CH2Cl2(400mL)溶液。在-78℃ 30分钟后,在30分钟内滴加3-氯-5-(NHEt)苄醇(15.7g,86.2mmol;得自上述步骤(vi))的CH2Cl2(250mL)溶液。在-78℃ 30分钟后,滴加二异丙基乙胺(55.7g,431mmol),将混合物加温至室温过夜。将混合物依次用1N HCl(1.0L)、水(500mL)和盐水(2×500mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩至褐色油状物。用硅胶快速色谱法,以Hex∶EtOAc(7∶1)洗脱获得6.40g(40%)的黄色固体小标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ9.87(s,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.90(s,1H),6.77(s,1H),3.90(bs,1H),3.20(m,2H),1.25(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)(viii)
3-氯-5-(NEt)-5-(N-三氟乙酰基)苯甲醛
在0℃将三氟醋酸酐(9.26g,44.1mmol)滴加到3-氯-5-(NHEt)苯甲醛(5.40g,29.4mmol;得自以上步骤(vii))和吡啶(3.49g,44.1mmol)的CH2Cl2(150mL)溶液。将混合物加温至室温,搅拌过夜。将混合物依次用饱和Na2CO3(150mL)和1N HCl(150mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩获得7.46g(91%)的黄色固体小标题化合物,直接使用无需再提纯。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ10.0(s,1H),7.91(s,1H),7.62(s,1H),7.50(s,1H),3.80(m,2H),1.20(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)(ix)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NEt)(5-N-三氟乙酰基)-CH(OTMS)CN
3-氯-5-(NEt)-5-(N-三氟乙酰基)苯甲醛(7.46g,26.7mmol;得自以上步骤(viii))的CH2Cl2(150mL)溶液在0℃加入ZnI2(425mg,1.34mmol)和氰化三甲基甲硅烷(2.90g,29.3mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜。混合物用水(100mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩获得9.30g(92%)橙色油状的小标题化合物,直接使用无需再提纯。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCL3)δ7.58(s,1H),7.29(s,1H),7.24(s,1H),5.52(s,1H),3.80(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.20(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.30(s,9H)(x)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHFt)-(R,S)CH(OH)C(O)OH
将Ph(3-Cl)(5-NEt)(5-N-三氟乙酰基)CH(OTMS)CN(1.40g,3.69mmol;得自以上步骤(ix))在浓HCl(10mL)中回流6小时,然后,将混合物真空浓缩获得褐色固体。用硅胶快速色谱法,以CHCl3∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH(6∶3∶1)洗脱获得小标题化合物的铵盐,将其溶于水,用1M HCl酸化(pH~5),用EtOAc(3×15mL)萃取。合并的有机物用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩获得540mg(64%)的褐色固体小标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ6.69(s,1H),6.64(s,1H),6.54(s,1H),5.03(s,1H),3.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.21(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)(xi)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHEt)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH(a)和Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHEt)- (S)CH(OAc)C(O)OH(b)
将Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHEt)-(R,S)CH(OH)C(O)OH(540mg,2.36mmol;得自以上步骤(x)和脂酶PS“Amano”(280mg)的醋酸乙烯酯(15mL)和MTBE(15mL)混合物回流加热22小时。反应混合物用Celte过滤,滤饼用EtOAc(100mL)洗涤。真空浓缩滤液,用硅胶快速色谱法,以CHCl3∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH(6∶3∶1)获得小标题化合物(a)和(b)的铵盐。将小标题化合物(a)的铵盐溶于EtOAc(10mL),用2M HCl的Et2O(0.65mL)溶液中和。加入水(10mL),分出各层。水层用EtOAc(2×20mL)萃取,合并的有机萃取液用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩获得260mg(48%)的白色固体小标题化合物(a)。小标题化合物(b)的铵盐(260mg,46%)直接使用而无需再处理或表征。
小标题化合物(a):
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ6.69(s,1H),6.64(s,1H),6.54(s,1H),5.03(s,1H),3.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.21(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)
小标题化合物(b):
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ6.69(s,1H),6.65(s,1H),6.56(s,1H),5.70(s,1H),3.08(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.14(s,3H),1.20(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)(xii)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NEt)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHEt)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH(260mg,1.22mmol;以上步骤(xi)的小标题化合物(a))和H-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(602mg,1.34mmol)的DMF(10mL)溶液在0℃加入PyBOP(698mg,1.34mmol)和三甲基吡啶(517mg,4.27mmol)。将溶液在0℃搅拌2小时,然后加温至室温,搅拌过夜。混合物分配在EtOAc(3×50mL)和H2O(50mL)间。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机物,过滤,真空浓缩。用硅胶快速色谱法,以CHCl3∶MeOH(20∶1)洗脱,然后再用色谱法(2x)以EtOAc∶EtOH(20∶1)洗脱获得157mg(22%)的白色固体小标题化合物。
Mp:95-100℃
Rf=0.40(15∶1 CHCl3∶MeOH)
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD,旋转异构体的混合物)δ7.80(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.63(s,1H),6.57(s,1H),6.53(s,1H),5.10-5.15(m,1H),5.00(s,1H),4.74-4.81(m,1H),4.20-4.52(m,5H),3.90-4.10(m,2H),3.07(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.44-2.68(m,1H),2.14-2.33(m,1H),1.21(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.08(t,J=8.6Hz,2H),0.08(s,9H)
API-MS(M+1)=588m/z(xiii)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHEt)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab
在室温将TFA(4.0mL)加入Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHEt)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(0.090g,0.15mmol;得自以上步骤(xii))的DCM(2mL)溶液。将反应混合物搅拌15分钟。不加热蒸发溶剂。将产物溶于乙腈和水(1∶5)中,冷冻干燥获得70mg(68%)标题化合物。
1H NMR(500MHz;D2O):δ7.70-7.12(m,7H),5.23-4.72(m,2H),4.40-3.92(m,5H),3.24(m,2H),2.55(m,1H),2.10(m,1H),1.14(m,3H)
LC-MS(m/z)444(M+1)+ 实施例5 Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(i)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NH2)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH(1.5g,7.44mmol;参见国际专利申请WO 00/42059)的吡啶(100mL)溶液在0℃用醋酸酐(0.77mL,0.84g,8.18mmol)处理。在30分钟后,再加入醋酸酐(0.35mL),将反应混合物加温至25℃。在1小时后,加入第三份醋酸酐(0.17mL),将反应物在25℃搅拌18小时。真空浓缩溶液,将残余物干燥,溶于MeOH,用2 N NaOH碱化,搅拌3小时。用过量的Amberlite CG-50中和溶液,用硅藻土垫过滤。真空浓缩有机物,用硅胶快速色谱法,以CHCl3∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH(7∶2.5∶0.5)洗脱获得1.5g(83%)的固体小标题化合物铵盐,手性HPLC分析其手性纯度为89%ee。
由于小标题化合物的手性纯度低,相应的盐用Amberlite CG-50中和,用酶拆分(0.3g脂酶PS Amano;20mL MTBE;20mL醋酸乙烯酯;55℃;18h)。通过硅藻土过滤,然后浓缩,用硅胶快速色谱法,以CHCl3∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH(6∶3∶1)洗脱获得1.0g可破碎泡沫状的小标题化合物铵盐。将相应铵盐在1M HCl和EtOAc间分配,真空浓缩有机物获得固体小标题化合物。
Mp:155-157℃
Rf=0.25(6∶3∶1 CHCl3∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH)
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.76(m,1H),7.49(m,1H),7.22(s,1H),5.12(s,1H),2.13(s,3H)。
13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)δ175.5,172.0,143.6,141.4,135.5,123.2,120.5,117.6,73.5,24.0。
API-MS:(M+1)=244m/z
HPLC分析:96.3%,95.7% ee,Chiralcel OD柱(92∶8∶0.5Hex∶EtOH∶TFA流动相)。
[α]D 25=-99.4°(C=1.0,MeOH)(ii)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)OH(0.25g,1.01mmol;参见上述步骤(i))和H-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(0.40g,1.06mmol,参见国际专利申请WO 00/42059)的DMF(15mL)溶液在0℃加入三甲基吡啶(0.27g,2.22mmol)和PyBOP(0.58g,1.11mmol)。将溶液在0℃搅拌2小时,加温至25℃,搅拌18小时,然后真空浓缩。将残余物溶于EtOAc,用H2O和盐水洗涤。将有机物用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。用延展型硅胶快速色谱法(3x),依次以CHCl3∶EtOH(95∶5)、CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH(94∶5∶1)和CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶浓NH4OH(88.5∶10∶1.5)洗脱获得0.40g(66%)可破碎泡沫状的小标题化合物。
Mp:65-72℃
Rf=0.45(9∶1 CH2Cl2∶MeOH)
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD,旋转异构体混合物)δ7.79(d,2H,J=9Hz),7.68(m,1H),7.35-7.53(m,3H),7.18和7.15(m,1H),5.18和4.79(m,1H),5.14和5.09(s,1H),3.93-4.55(m,6H),2.05-2.78(m,2H),2.12(s,3H),1.03-1.13(m,2H),0.08(s,9H)。
API-MS:(M+1)=602m/z(iii)
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab
Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(0.11g,0.18mmol;参见以上步骤(ii))的CH2Cl2(2mL)溶液中加入2mL TFA。混合物反应4小时,然后蒸发。将粗产物用PHPLC(C8柱,50×250mm,梯度:0至50% CH3CN,60mL/min)提纯。在蒸发后,将残余物用水-醋酸冷冻干燥。产量:95mg标题化合物的醋酸盐(99%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,D2O,旋转异构体混合物):δ7.66(m,2H),7.50(m,1H少量旋转异构体),7.45-7.35(m,3H),7.22(m,1H),7.07(m,1H少量旋转异构体),5.25(m,1H旋转异构体),5.15-5.10(m,2H旋转异构体)4.84(m,1H旋转异构体),4.55-4.45(m,2H旋转异构体),4.41(m,1H旋转异构体),4.28(d,1H旋转异构体),4.18-3.95(m,2H旋转异构体),2.78(m,1H旋转异构体),2.58(m,1H旋转异构体),2.35-2.16(m,1H),2.13(s,3H旋转异构体),2.11(s,3H旋转异构体),1.92(s,3H)。
13C NMR(125MHz,D2O):δ173.9,173.1,173.0,172.80,172.76,172.6,166.6,166.5。
MS:(M+1)458m/z实施例6 Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(OiPr)
将Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab(Teoc)(60mg,0.10mmol;参见以上实施例5(ii))和H2NOiPr x HCl(70mg,0.63mmol)的THF(5mL)混合物加热至60℃过夜。蒸发溶剂,将粗产物在水和EtOAc间分配。水相用EtOAc萃取,有机层用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩获得65mg(100%)标题化合物。将粗产物在室温下溶于DCM(2mL),加入TFA(2.0mL),将反应混合物搅拌1小时。不加热蒸发溶剂,将粗产物在水和EtOAc间分配。水相用EtOAc萃取,有机相用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。将粗产物用快速色谱法(洗脱剂:DCM∶MeOH 95∶5)处理。产物进一步用制备型RPLC(CH3CN:0.1M NH4OAc-缓冲液,0-50%)提纯,浓缩需要的部分,将产物冷冻干燥获得50mg(94%)标题化合物。
1H NMR(400MHz;CD3OD):δ7.70-7.12(m,7H),5.20-4.72(m,2H),4.48-3.92(m,5H),2.73-2.11(m,2H),2.10(s,3H),1.26(s,3H),1.24(s,3H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD):(羰基和/或脒碳)δ172.3;171.5;170.6
LC-MS(m/z)517(M+1)+ 实施例7
将实施例1、4和5的标题化合物按照上述试验A测试,发现它们的IC50TT值小于0.02μM。实施例8
将实施例1、4和5的标题化合物按照上述试验D测试,发现它们的IC50APTT值小于1μM。实施例9
将实施例2和3的标题化合物按照上述试验G测试,发现它们在人和大鼠的肝微粒体中转换成相应的活性抑制剂(游离脒)。实施例10
将实施例3和6的标题化合物按照上述试验E测试,发现它们作为相应的活性抑制剂(游离脒)大鼠口服及肠胃外给药具有生物可利用性。缩写Ac=乙酰基AcOH=醋酸API=常压电离(关于MS)AUC=曲线下面积Aze=氮杂环丁烷-2-羧酸酯AzeOH=氮杂环丁烷-2-羧酸BSA=牛血清白蛋白Bn=苄基Bu=丁基Bzl=苄基CI=化学电离(关于MS)d=天DCC=二环己基碳二亚胺DCM=二氯甲烷DIPEA=二异丙基乙胺DMAP=4-(N,N-二甲基氨基)吡啶DMF=二甲基甲酰胺DMSO=二甲基亚砜EDC=1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐Et=乙基Et2O=乙醚ether=乙醚EtOAc=醋酸乙酯EtOH=乙醇h=小时HATU=O-(氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸盐HBTU=[N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-O-(苯并三唑-1-基)脲鎓六氟磷酸盐]HCl=盐酸HCl(g)=氯化氢气体Hex=己烷HOAc=醋酸HPLC=高效液相色谱LC=液相色谱Me=甲基MeOH=甲醇Mp=熔点MS=质谱法MTBE=甲基叔-丁基醚NADH=还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸NADH=还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸酯NIH=国立卫生研究所(US)NIHU=国立卫生设备研究所Pab=对脒基苄基氨基H-Pab=对脒基苄胺Ph=苯基PHPLC=制备型高效液相色谱Pr=丙基PyBOP=(苯并三唑-1-基氧基)三吡咯烷基磷鎓六氟磷酸盐QF=氟化四丁基铵RPLC=反相高效液相色谱rt=室温SOPs=标准操作方法TBTU=[N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-O-(苯并三唑-1-基)脲鎓四氟硼酸盐]TEA=三乙胺Teoc=2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基羰基TFA=三氟乙酸THF=四氢呋喃THP=四氢吡喃基TLC=薄层色谱TMSCN=三甲基甲硅烷基氰化物Z=苄氧基羰基前缀n、s、i和t具有其通常的含义:正、仲、异和叔。前缀c是指“环”。
Claims (38)
1.一种下式I化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物:其中R1为C(O)CH3或C1-3烷基,Y为-CH2-或-(CH2)2-。
2.权利要求1要求保护的化合物,其中Y为-CH2-。
3.权利要求1或2要求保护的化合物,其中R1为C(O)CH3、甲基或乙基。
4.任一项前述权利要求要求保护的化合物,它为Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab或其药学上可接受的衍生物。
5.权利要求1-3任一项要求保护的化合物,它为Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab或其药学上可接受的衍生物。
6.权利要求1定义的式I化合物的药学上可接受的衍生物,该衍生化合物为下式Ia化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物:其中R2为OR3或C(O)OR4;R3为H、C1-10烷基、C1-3烷基芳基或C1-3烷氧基芳基(后两个基团的烷基部分任选间插一个或多个氧原子,后两个基团的芳基部分任选被一个或多个选自卤基、苯基、甲基或甲氧基的取代基取代,后三个基团也任选被一个或多个卤基取代基取代);R4为C1-10烷基(后一个基团任选间插一个或多个氧原子)、或者C1-3烷基芳基或C1-3烷氧基芳基(后两个基团的烷基部分任选间插一个或多个氧原子,后两个基团的芳基部分任选被一个或多个选自卤基、苯基、甲基或甲氧基的取代基取代,后三个基团也任选被一个或多个卤基取代基取代);R1和Y同权利要求1定义。
7.权利要求6要求保护的化合物,其中R2为OR3。
8.权利要求7要求保护的化合物,其中R3为:H;未取代的直链、支链或环状C1-8烷基;C1-3烷氧基苯基,其苯基任选被一个或多个权利要求6定义的取代基取代;或者C1-2烷基芳基,其中芳基为苯基、吡啶基、异噁唑基或噻二唑基,后四个基团任选被一个或多个权利要求6定义的取代基取代。
9.权利要求8要求保护的化合物,其中R3为:直链C1-6烷基或环状C3-6烷基;或者甲基芳基,其中芳基为苯基或异噁唑基,后两个基团的芳基部分任选被一个或多个选自甲氧基、甲基和溴基的取代基取代。
10.权利要求9要求保护的化合物,其中R3为甲基、乙基、异丙基、环己基、4-甲基苄基、3-甲氧基苄基、2-溴苄基或5-甲基-3-异噁唑基。
13.权利要求1要求保护的化合物,它为Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab或其药学上可接受的衍生物。
14.权利要求1要求保护的化合物,它为Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-(S)Aze-Pab或其药学上可接受的衍生物。
15.一种药用制剂,它包含权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物和药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体。
16.权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物,它用作药物。
17.权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物,它用于治疗需要抑制凝血酶的病症。
18.权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物,它用于治疗适合抗凝治疗的病症。
19.权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物,它用于治疗血栓形成。
20.权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物,它用作抗凝剂。
21.权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物作为活性成分用于生产药物的用途,所述药物用于治疗需要抑制凝血酶的病症。
22.权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物作为活性成分用于生产药物的用途,所述药物用于治疗适合抗凝治疗的病症。
23.权利要求21或22要求保护的用途,其中所述病症为血栓形成。
24.权利要求21或22要求保护的用途,其中所述病症为血液和/或组织高凝固性。
25.权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物作为活性成分用于生产抗凝剂的用途。
26.一种治疗需要抑制凝血酶的病症的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物给予所述病症患者或易感患者。
27.一种治疗适合抗凝治疗的病症的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1-14任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物给予所述病症患者或易感患者。
28.权利要求26或27要求保护的方法,其中所述病症为血栓形成。
29.权利要求26或27要求保护的方法,其中所述病症为血液和/或组织高凝固性。
31.权利要求30定义的式II化合物或其保护衍生物。
32.权利要求31要求保护的化合物,它为Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)OH或其保护衍生物、或Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHAc)- CH(OH)C(O)OH或其保护衍生物。
33.权利要求30定义的式IV化合物或其保护衍生物。
34.权利要求33要求保护的化合物,它为Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-OH或其保护衍生物、或Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-OH或其保护衍生物。
35.一种制备权利要求6定义的式Ia化合物的方法,该方法包括:
(d)对于其中R2为OR3的式Ia化合物来说,使下式XV化合物或其互变异构体:其中Rx为-CH2CH2-Si(CH3)3或苄基,R1和Y同权利要求1定义,与下式XVI化合物或其酸加成盐反应:
R3ONH2 XVI其中R3同权利要求6定义,然后去除-C(O)ORX基团;
(e)对于其中R2为COOR4的式Ia化合物来说,使权利要求1定义的式I相应化合物与下式XVII化合物反应:
L1COOR4 XVII其中L1为离去基团,R4同权利要求6定义;或者
(f)对于其中R2为OCH3或OCH2CH3的式Ia化合物来说,使其中R2为OH的式Ia相应化合物分别与硫酸二甲基酯或硫酸二乙酯反应。
36.权利要求35定义的式XIV化合物或其保护衍生物。
37.权利要求35定义的式XV化合物或其保护衍生物。
38.权利要求37要求保护的化合物,它为Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab(Teoc)或其保护衍生物、或者Ph(3-Cl)(5-NHMe)-CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab(Teoc)或其保护衍生物。
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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SE00029223 | 2000-08-16 | ||
SE0002922A SE0002922D0 (sv) | 2000-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Pharmaceutically useful compounds |
SE0002921A SE0002921D0 (sv) | 2000-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Pharmaceutically useful compounds |
US09/900,903 US6433186B1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-07-10 | Amidino derivatives and their use as thormbin inhibitors |
US09/900,903 | 2001-07-10 |
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NO (1) | NO325242B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ523598A (zh) |
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US7129233B2 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2006-10-31 | Astrazeneca Ab | Mandelic acid derivatives and their use as thrombin inhibitors |
SE0102921D0 (sv) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | Pharmaceutically useful compounds |
US7018642B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2006-03-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compounds, compositions, and methods for controlling biofilms |
SE0201658D0 (sv) * | 2002-05-31 | 2002-05-31 | Astrazeneca Ab | Immediate release pharmaceutical formulation |
SE0201659D0 (sv) | 2002-05-31 | 2002-05-31 | Astrazeneca Ab | Modified release pharmaceutical formulation |
SE0201661D0 (sv) | 2002-05-31 | 2002-05-31 | Astrazeneca Ab | New salts |
GB0503672D0 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2005-03-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | New process |
US9206123B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2015-12-08 | Activesite Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Prodrugs of inhibitors of plasma kallikrein |
KR20120120237A (ko) | 2009-12-18 | 2012-11-01 | 액티브사이트 파마슈티칼즈, 인크. | 혈장 칼리크레인 억제제의 전구약물 |
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WO2002014270A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
AU8039501A (en) | 2002-02-25 |
DK1311480T3 (da) | 2008-12-01 |
HK1053121A1 (zh) | 2003-10-10 |
EP1311480B1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
MXPA03000643A (es) | 2003-06-06 |
IL154077A0 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
CA2415383A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
NZ523598A (en) | 2004-10-29 |
NO325242B1 (no) | 2008-03-03 |
ATE407116T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
DE60135665D1 (de) | 2008-10-16 |
SI1311480T1 (sl) | 2008-12-31 |
JP2004506039A (ja) | 2004-02-26 |
BR0113212A (pt) | 2003-07-08 |
CN1205183C (zh) | 2005-06-08 |
PT1311480E (pt) | 2008-11-11 |
AU2001280395B2 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
NO20030675L (no) | 2003-02-11 |
ES2311538T3 (es) | 2009-02-16 |
EP1311480A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
CA2415383C (en) | 2009-11-24 |
NO20030675D0 (no) | 2003-02-11 |
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