CN1429477A - Straw composite nutritive soil and its making method - Google Patents
Straw composite nutritive soil and its making method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1429477A CN1429477A CN03102698A CN03102698A CN1429477A CN 1429477 A CN1429477 A CN 1429477A CN 03102698 A CN03102698 A CN 03102698A CN 03102698 A CN03102698 A CN 03102698A CN 1429477 A CN1429477 A CN 1429477A
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Abstract
A composite stalk nutritive soil for decorative plant, flower, vegetables, etc. is prepared from straw, stalk, and cinder and/or sandy soil through fermenting and thoroughly decomposing straw and stalk, and proportionally mixing with cinder and/or sandy soil. Its advantages are rich nutrients including N, P, K, medium and trace elements, and organic substance, high air and water permeability and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation nutrient soil of a kind of plants and flowers, particularly relate to a kind of straw compound nutritional soil and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
At present, the matrix majority of planting green ornamental plants and flowers is taken from natural matrix soil for example sandy soil or grit, vermiculite and perlite etc.; And the matrix soil of artificial for example haydite, through the vermiculite of expanding treatment and perlite etc., allocate the required trace element of natural organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and plants and flowers of some again, satisfy cultivation green ornamental plants and flower growth, the desired nutritional composition of blooming, but the grower often oneself is mixed, use very inconvenient, and the grower do not have this respect specially to support knowledge again, tends to cause that the plant of plantation and flower growth are bad can not reach the expection appreciation effect of blooming.
Past is used till today because the traditional farming pattern fetters.Peasant farmer or some farm one are to busy farming season, remaining straw after the results cereal, straw is abandoned in the edge of a field or field such as corn stalk, millet straw, jowar straw, straw and straw, nobody shows any interest in, allow it rot arbitrarily, or carry out Buddhist and burn, pyrotechnics is billowing, produce a large amount of pernicious gases, contaminated environment, the environment that the mankind are depended on for existence constantly worsens the existence of harm humans; Valuable agricultural resources is not fully utilized, causes significant wastage.
Report is also arranged at present both at home and abroad, the ight soil of domestic animals and fowls or domestic waste are carried out fermentation process with straw produce organic manure, the source of pollution abatement environment.But carry out fermentation process after will carrying out usually that deodorizing is handled or adding acid or highly basic, big havoc the wherein organic source of manure, handle complicated cost height, contaminated environment also is so be difficult to carry out.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned prior art shortcoming, be engaged in green ornamental plants and floriculture for many years through the inventor, and long-term observation research green plants and flowers need nutrition, developmental research provides a kind of nutrition abundant, the soil is porous, good permeability, the water retention height is made easy straw compound nutritional soil and manufacture method thereof.
Straw compound nutritional mount provided by the invention is drawn together the organic base-material of straw fermentation maturity and ashes and/or sandy soil, and wherein organic base-material of straw fermentation maturity and ashes and/or sandy soil weight ratio are 5: 1 to 1: 4, are preferably 2-4: 1.
In straw compound nutritional soil provided by the invention, the organic base-material of described straw fermentation maturity (abbreviation base-material) is the product that is become thoroughly decomposed through fermentation maturity or stack retting spontaneous fermentation after crushed by straw, wherein straw is corn stalk, jowar straw, millet straw, straw and straw etc., is preferably corn stalk.The high yield field crop that corn stalk is generally planted in China at present, it is wide to distribute, and cultivated area is big, and remaining corn stalk is abandoned in the fields by the peasant or to be abandoned the straw amount big at the edge of a field always behind the harvesting corn.These straws are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace does not have plain organic substance, is shed arbitrarily usually with fire is of ancient India and burns, and is not utilized, and wastes.This base-material organic matter, Humus content height, be rich in oxygen, phosphorus, potassium and some trace elements and be generally the slow source of manure, fertilizer efficiency is lasting, is very suitable for the growth of green plants or flowers.The farmland can make soil form optimum ecological circulation after using its organic source of manure of making, remedies to use inorganic fertilizer and cause soil fertility to descend, organic matter and microelement deficiencies, improve the soil compaction phenomenon, play the effect of improving the soil, can improve the output of crops enduringly again; It is vigorous to be used to plant behind green ornamental plants and the flowers growth, and it is bright-coloured to bloom; Simultaneously can reduce air environmental pollution, make full use of waste resource again.Straw is through the plant of the weight ratio of the organic base-material of fermentation maturity in straw compound nutritional soil and plantation and flowers are liked acidity or alkalescence has substantial connection, promptly be acid, neutral or alkaline closely related with nutrition soil, organic base-material of straw fermentation maturity and ashes and/or sandy soil weight ratio are 5: 1 to 1: 4, are preferably 2-4: 1.
Described ashes are the refuse ashes that discharge in the thermal power plant, and the different difference to some extent of kind of its Main Ingredients and Appearance and the used coal of power plant are generally SiO
2, Al
2O
3, FeO or Fe
2O
3, CaO etc., wherein SiO
2And Al
2O
3Account for the 70-80% of gross weight, also contain the required middle trace element of many plants and flowerss as Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca, Si and Al etc.
Because ashes are loose porous, surface area is big, and SiO
2And Al
2O
3Adsorptivity strong, be very beneficial for the organic moisture content that keeps of straw fermentation maturity, and the ventilation drainage is good, does not harden when dried, does not become pasty state when wet.
Described sandy soil are common natural sandy soil, and the soil is porous for sandy soil, and the ventilation drainage is good, contains abundant inorganic mineral, as SiO
2, trace element among MnO or the MgO etc.Ashes and/or sandy soil can be mixed into straw compound nutritional soil of the present invention with the organic base-material of straw fermentation maturity separately separately.If base-material is independent and ashes are mixed, the straw compound nutritional soil after being mixed is alkalescence; If base-material and sandy soil are mixed separately, it is acid that the straw compound nutritional soil after then being mixed is.Described Acidity of Aikalinity is relevant with the ashes sandy soil that are mixed or its consumption, also likes the acid-base value of nutrition soil to decide by plantation green plants and flower variety.If the ashes and the sandy soil that use to mix, ashes and sandy soil with 4: 1 to 1: 4 weight ratios be mixed earlier even after, be mixed into straw compound nutritional soil of the present invention with base-material with 4: 1 to 1: 5 weight ratio again.Chemically examine in the straw compound nutritional soil provided by the invention organic by analysis: 21.28%, nitrogen: 0.51%, phosphorus: 1.15%, potassium: 0.96%.
In straw compound nutritional soil provided by the invention, if desired, can be according to the green plants of plantation or flower variety to the requirement of nutrition, growth characteristic, and user's requirement, blending quick-acting inorganic compounding fertilizers of 0.1-0.5 weight % base-material for example in right amount to increase the quick-acting fertilizer material source, promote that plants and flowers grows fast in former straw compound nutritional soil.Described inorganic compounding fertilizer is formed by following component and weight portion blending, urea 15-25, and superphosphate 50-70, potassium sulphate (or potassium chloride) 15-25, nitrogenous, phosphorus, the potassium of the prescription fertilizer after the blending preferably are respectively 9%, and amounting to available nutrient is 27%.
Straw compound nutritional soil provided by the invention has both the organic base-material of the straw fermentation maturity that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element and ashes and/or sandy soil, and the soil is porous, the good characteristics of ventilation drainage, nutritious, be rich in the required nitrogen of green ornamental plants and flower growth, phosphorus, potassium organic matter, humus and in micro-Fe, Mg, Si, Mn etc.; The soil is porous, and the ventilation drainage is good, and the acid-base value scope is big, the damage by disease and insect of not hiding etc., the absorption and the growth that help planting environment-friendly and green plant and flowers.
The manufacture method of straw compound nutritional soil provided by the invention comprises:
1, straw is pulverized frustillatum and or powdery or its mixture;
2, it is drenched little bulk or powdery or its to be mixed the straw humidification, ferment, until become thoroughly decomposed the organic base-material of straw fermentation maturity, wherein humidification water weight is that little bulk or powdery or its mix straw weight 80-150%, is preferably 100-150%; Fermentation temperature is 50-80 ℃, fermentation time 1-3 week;
3, organic base-material of the straw fermentation maturity that step 2 is obtained and ashes and/or sandy soil are the even straw compound nutritional soil that gets of blending in 5: 1 to 1: 4 with weight ratio; If desired, also can mix an amount of inorganic compounding fertilizer.
In the manufacture method according to straw compound nutritional soil provided by the invention, described straw comprises the various discarded stalk after the above-mentioned grain harvest, discarded stalks such as maize straw, millet stalk, broomcorn straw, straw or straw for example, certainly also can use and reclaim described various stalks, be preferably maize straw, powder of straw is broken into fine grained chippings or is ground into powder, or fine grained chippings and powdery stalk mixture, the loose ventilation of maize straw helps pile fermentation and carries out smoothly.In the described humidification heating fermentation process, the stalk that is fritter or powdery in pulverizing will add suitable quantity of water and be as the criterion to soak, and promptly reaches with dripping of holding, and amount of water is the 80-150 weight % of stalk weight, is preferably 100-130 weight %.Heating must keep in the fermentation process enough moisture content just help putrefying bacteria ferment rotten, when the moisture content capacity above 150% the time, will there are flowing out the waste water source, be unfavorable for fermenting and rot to carry out; The water yield is lower than at 80% o'clock, does not have enough water sources, and influence fermentation rotten fungus ferments rotten, prolongs fermentation time, needs in time to replenish moisture content.Because maize straw is loose, there are enough air to satisfy the fermentation requirement, need not replenish air.
Described fermentation temperature is controlled at 50-80 ℃, and temperature is low, and is corrupt and the curing time is long, and the high fermentation curing time of temperature is short, and generally fermentation time is 1-3 week, and it and weather, fermentation temperature and the employing mode (so-called container or equipment) of fermenting have substantial connection.
Fermentation process of the present invention can adopt the fermentation process (referring to fermentation mode or place) of various mode, be preferably the corrupt maturing process of spontaneous fermentation, be generally in storehouse formula, stack retting formula, hole formula, warehouse formula, the slot type anyly, it is relevant with production scale, place and fermentation condition.If the fermentation place is unrestricted, can adopt the stack retting formula mode that combines with the hole formula, help spontaneous fermentation and preserve moisture, be convenient to management, the saving cost.Because the fermentation reaction of low corruption that makes organic substance in the stalk of fermentation initial stage temperature and slaking a little less than, course of fermentation is slower, but the very fast rising of fermentation back temperature makes its fermentation reach the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed, otherwise be easy to half-matureization, the organic base-material of stalk is off quality, and is unfavorable to the plants and flowers growth, so just can finish the fermentation maturing process after must becoming thoroughly decomposed, so both can destroy plant diseases and insect pests, can increase humus again, can also become quick-acting compositions to the slow composition of straw.The organic base-material of stalk fermentation slaking is black, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, is the organic base-material of environment-friendly.
Organic base-material of above-mentioned stalk fermentation slaking and ashes and/or sandy soil were preferably 2-4 by 5: 1 to 1: 4: the even stalk compound nutritional soil that gets of 1 weight ratio blending.Ashes and sandy soil that ashes or sandy soil can mix with base-material blending or employing separately, the mixed proportion of its ashes and water and soil is 4: 1 to 1: 4.The kind of mixing proportion and green ornamental plants and flowers has substantial connection, for example some green ornamental plants and flowers such as evergreen, kaffir lily, orchid, azalea etc., and the loose organic soil of happiness, organic base-material mixing proportion can be high; And for example some is grown in the green ornamental plants and the flowers of southern happiness acid ground, and waiting as oblonga flower can be separately and the sandy soil blending, makes nutrition soil be acidity.If desired, can in stalk compound nutritional soil, mix an amount of prescription fertile (as mentioned above),, satisfy plants and flowers growth needs miscellaneous to increase quick-acting inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
The characteristics of stalk compound nutritional soil provided by the invention and preparation method thereof are:
1, adopts agricultural wastes grain straw and power plant's ashes to make stalk compound nutritional soil, turn waste into wealth, both can exempt everywhere and having shed, also can avoid burning the pollution of minimizing everywhere, help the improvement of environment for human survival environment.
2, stalk compound nutritional soil is nutritious, be rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, corruption plant matter, and multiple in trace element, as the organic matter of Mg, Mn, Si, Al; At the growth characteristic of plants and flowers, can be mixed acid, neutral or alkaline nutrition soil, be fit to various green ornamental plantss and floriculture composition and characteristics, with strong points, and have bactericidal action, help the plants and flowers growth.
3, the soil is porous for nutrition soil, ventilative, draining and good water-retaining property, and nutrition soil has the comprehensive nutrient soil of organic fertile and inorganic fertilizer concurrently, existing a large amount of slows organic matter source of manure, the inorganic fertilizer that has immediate effect again, combination of long drives and drop shots, fertilizer efficiency is lasting.Both can be used as green ornamental plants and flower cultivation nutrition soil, can be used as the nutrition soil in green vegetables and orchard again.
4, manufacture method is simple and practical, and the small investment cost is low, low price, and quality better, easy to use, be convenient to production development, be easy to decline wide application.
Embodiment:
The present invention further specifies the present invention with the following example, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment.
Percentage is percetage by weight among the embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The discarded corn tangerine bar of 1000 kilograms of the edge of a field is ground into powdery, add 1300 kg of water, make corn tangerine bar evenly drenched reach with hold can drip, bank out or with allowing it generate heat naturally on the film cover, the inside heating temp is more than 60 ℃, the stack retting time keeps finishing until the pile fermentation slaking more than the week; Then 160 kilograms of ashes are mixed stirring with 160 kilograms of sandy soil, tangerine bar base-material and the above mixture of the system of will macerating again after the slaking stirs, just must tangerine bar compound nutritional soil.
Through assay: the content of organic matter of its nutrition soil is: nitrogen 21.28%: phosphorus 0.51%: potassium 1.15%: PH---7 0.96%.
Embodiment 2:
Be ground into powdery with 1000 kilograms of discarded corn tangerine bars, add 1300 kg of water, make corn tangerine bar evenly drenched, reach with dripping of holding, bank out and allow it generate heat naturally, the temperature of the inside reaches more than 60 ℃, keeps more than the week; Even with 300 kilograms of sandy soil blending again after slaking is finished, stack retting just gets tangerine bar compound nutritional soil more than three days again.
Through assay: the organic matter of its nutrition soil: nitrogen 23%: phosphorus 0.51%: potassium 1.15%: PH---5.5 0.96%.
Embodiment 3:
Be ground into powdery with 1000 kilograms of discarded corn tangerine bars, add 1300 kg of water, make corn tangerine bar evenly drenched, reach with holding tight can dripping, banking out and allow it generate heat naturally, the temperature of the inside is more than 60 ℃, and stack retting kept more than the week; Even with power plant 300 kilograms of blending of ashes again, stack retting is more than three days, just tangerine bar compound nutritional soil.
Through assay: its nutrition soil content of organic matter: nitrogen 21.28%: phosphorus 0.51%: potassium 1.51%: PH---8.2 0.96%.
Embodiment 4:
Be ground into powdery with 1000 kilograms of discarded corn tangerine bars, add 1300 kg of water, make corn tangerine bar evenly drenched, reach with holding tight can dripping, bank out and allow it generate heat naturally, the heating temp of the inside reaches more than 60 ℃, and the stack retting time keeps a week above after slaking is finished; Mixes 2 kilograms of back addings by 19.57 weight portion urea 160 kilograms ashes and 160 kilograms soil are husky then, 56.25 the formula fertilizer blending that weight portion superphosphate and 18 weight portion potassium sulphates are formed is even, tangerine bar base-material and the above mixture blending that to macerate after the system are even again, just tangerine bar compound nutritional soil.
Through assay: its nutrition soil is organic: 22%, the content of late effect property nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is respectively: 0.51%, 1.15%, 0.96%; All more than 180mg/kg, PH-7, nutrient content are quite abundant for quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of straw compound nutritional soil comprises the organic base-material of straw fermentation maturity, ashes and/or sandy soil, and wherein said base-material and ashes and/or sandy soil weight ratio are 5: 1 to 1: 4.
2, straw compound nutritional soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the 0.1-0.5% inorganic compounding fertilizer of base-material weight, and wherein said inorganic compounding fertilizer comprises urea 15-25 weight portion, superphosphate 50-70 weight portion, potassium sulphate 15-25 weight.
3, according to the described straw compound nutritional of each claim soil of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that described ashes are power plant's ashes, sandy soil are the nature sandy soil; Described straw is corn stalk, millet straw, jowar straw, straw or straw.
4, straw compound nutritional soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being mixed described ashes and sandy soil, to use its weight ratio that is mixed be 4: 1 to 1: 4.
5, straw compound nutritional soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that described straw is that the organic base-material of fermentation maturity and ashes and/or sandy soil weight ratio are 2-4: 1.
6, a kind of manufacture method of straw compound nutritional soil comprises:
1) straw is pulverized frustillatum or powdery or its mixture;
2) it is drenched little bulk or powdery or its to be mixed the straw humidification, the fermentation of generating heat, until become thoroughly decomposed the organic base-material of straw fermentation maturity, wherein humidification water weight is that little bulk or powdery or its mix straw weight 80-150%, fermentation temperature is 50-80 ℃, fermentation time 1-3 week;
3) with step 2) the organic base-material of the straw fermentation maturity that obtains and ashes and/or sandy soil are that blending in 5: 1 to 1: 4 is even must straw compound nutritional soil with weight ratio.
7, a kind of manufacture method of straw compound nutritional soil comprises
1) straw is pulverized frustillatum or powdery or its mixture;
2) it is drenched little bulk or powdery or its to be mixed the straw humidification, the fermentation of generating heat, until become thoroughly decomposed the organic base-material of straw fermentation maturity, wherein humidification water weight is that little bulk or powdery or its mix straw weight 80-150%, fermentation temperature is 50-80 ℃, fermentation time 1-3 week;
3) with step 2) the organic base-material of the straw fermentation maturity that obtains and ashes and/or sandy soil are that blending in 5: 1 to 1: 4 is even must straw compound nutritional soil with weight ratio;
4) the straw compound nutritional soil that step 3) is obtained is blended into straw compound nutritional soil with the prescription fertilizer that the 0.1-0.5% of base-material weight is made up of following component and weight portion again;
Urea 15-25, superphosphate 50-70, potassium sulphate or potassium chloride 15-25.
8,, it is characterized in that described humidification water weight is 100-130% according to the manufacture method of the described straw compound nutritional of each claim of claim 6-7 soil.
9,, it is characterized in that described straw fermentation slaking is stack retting spontaneous fermentation slaking according to the manufacture method of the described straw compound nutritional of each claim of claim 6-7 soil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031026982A CN1247073C (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-02-14 | Straw composite nutritive soil and its making method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031026982A CN1247073C (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-02-14 | Straw composite nutritive soil and its making method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1429477A true CN1429477A (en) | 2003-07-16 |
| CN1247073C CN1247073C (en) | 2006-03-29 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031026982A Expired - Fee Related CN1247073C (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-02-14 | Straw composite nutritive soil and its making method |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101870605A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-10-27 | 常华 | Particle organic fertilizer of potato starchy residues |
| CN103360148A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-10-23 | 邹飞剑 | Method for producing flower and plant nutrient soil |
| CN103420735A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-04 | 安徽省合肥市福照园艺有限公司 | Composite nutrient soil |
| CN103724059A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-04-16 | 余任展 | Nutrient soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN104292012A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-21 | 柳州市天姿园艺有限公司 | Special nutritional soil for scindapsus aureus |
| CN104355894A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-02-18 | 柳州市潮林机械有限公司 | Special nutrient soil for canna |
| CN104478613A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-01 | 镇江市官塘生态农业有限公司 | Nutrient soil applied to vegetable planting |
| CN104529672A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-22 | 广东丰康生物科技有限公司 | Soil property modifying agent for greenhouse planting and preparation method thereof |
| CN104761304A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-08 | 广西大学 | Organic banana seedling cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN104844372A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 吉林省花管家生物科技股份有限公司 | Straw fermentation type flower nutrient soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN105198648A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2015-12-30 | 李艳辉 | Culture soil for cactuses and preparation method of culture soil |
| CN106105863A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 吉林北大荒都市农业股份有限公司 | A kind of plant culture soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN115417734A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 刘妍 | Preparation method of artificially brewed black soil |
-
2003
- 2003-02-14 CN CNB031026982A patent/CN1247073C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101870605A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-10-27 | 常华 | Particle organic fertilizer of potato starchy residues |
| CN101870605B (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2014-02-26 | 常华 | Particle organic fertilizer of potato starchy residues |
| CN103360148A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-10-23 | 邹飞剑 | Method for producing flower and plant nutrient soil |
| CN103420735A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-04 | 安徽省合肥市福照园艺有限公司 | Composite nutrient soil |
| CN103420735B (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-12-10 | 安徽省合肥市福照园艺有限公司 | Composite nutrient soil |
| CN103724059A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-04-16 | 余任展 | Nutrient soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN104292012A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-21 | 柳州市天姿园艺有限公司 | Special nutritional soil for scindapsus aureus |
| CN104355894A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-02-18 | 柳州市潮林机械有限公司 | Special nutrient soil for canna |
| CN104529672A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-22 | 广东丰康生物科技有限公司 | Soil property modifying agent for greenhouse planting and preparation method thereof |
| CN104478613A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-01 | 镇江市官塘生态农业有限公司 | Nutrient soil applied to vegetable planting |
| CN104761304A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-08 | 广西大学 | Organic banana seedling cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN104844372A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 吉林省花管家生物科技股份有限公司 | Straw fermentation type flower nutrient soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN105198648A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2015-12-30 | 李艳辉 | Culture soil for cactuses and preparation method of culture soil |
| CN106105863A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 吉林北大荒都市农业股份有限公司 | A kind of plant culture soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN115417734A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 刘妍 | Preparation method of artificially brewed black soil |
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|---|---|
| CN1247073C (en) | 2006-03-29 |
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Granted publication date: 20060329 Termination date: 20130214 |