CN107285829A - A kind of Straw composite nutritive soil and its manufacture method - Google Patents
A kind of Straw composite nutritive soil and its manufacture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107285829A CN107285829A CN201610226382.9A CN201610226382A CN107285829A CN 107285829 A CN107285829 A CN 107285829A CN 201610226382 A CN201610226382 A CN 201610226382A CN 107285829 A CN107285829 A CN 107285829A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Straw composite nutritive soil, including such as maize straw etc stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material and ashes and/or sandy soil, its weight ratio is 5: 1 to 1: 4, the Nutrition Soil is used is made the manufacture method that stalk fermentation curing organic matter base-material blends ashes and/or sandy soil by the stalk fermentation ageing method of such as maize straw etc, the Straw composite nutritive soil nutrition is enriched, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle trace element and organic matter, the soil is porous, ventilating drainage is good, manufacture is easy, small investment cost is low, the green ornamental plant of quality better and flower culture and the environmental protection Nutrition Soil of vegetable melon and fruit plantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation nutrient of plants and flowers soil, more particularly to a kind of Straw composite nutritive soil and its manufacture method.
Background technology
The matrix majority of the green ornamental plant of plantation and flowers takes right substrate soil on daytime such as sandy soil or grit, vermiculite and perlite；And the substrate soil of artificial is such as haydite, the vermiculite through expanding treatment and perlite, the trace element allocated again needed for a number of natural organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and plants and flowers, meet cultivation green ornamental plant and flower growth, required nutrition of blooming, but grower often oneself carries out mixture, using very inconvenient, and grower specially supports knowledge without this respect again, often cause the plant of plantation and flower growth is bad can not reach expected flowering ornamental effect.
Past is fettered due to traditional agriculture pattern, is used till today.Peasant farmer or some farms one to busy farming season, harvest remaining stalk after cereal, such as maize straw, millet stalk, jowar stalk, straw and straw etc stalk is abandoned in the edge of a field or field, it nobody shows any interest in, allow it arbitrarily to rot, or carry out burning of ancient India, pyrotechnics billows, a large amount of pernicious gases are produced, environment is polluted, environment for the survival of mankind is constantly deteriorated the existence of the harm mankind；The agricultural resource of preciousness is not fully utilized again, cause significant wastage.
Also have been reported that both at home and abroad at present, the excrement or domestic waste of domestic animals and fowls are carried out into fermentation process together with straw produces organic fertilizer, eliminates the source of pollution environment.But generally to carry out deodorizing process or carry out fermentation process after adding acid or highly basic, the wherein organic matter source of manure is destroyed significantly, the complicated cost of processing is high, also pollutes environment, therefore be difficult to carry out.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned prior art shortcoming, it is engaged in green ornamental plant and flower culture for many years through inventor, and long-term observational study green plants and flowers need to nutrition, developmental research provides a kind of nutrition and enriched, the soil is porous, good permeability, water retention is high, manufactures the Straw composite nutritive soil and its manufacture method of simplicity.
The Straw composite nutritive soil that the present invention is provided includes stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material and ashes and/or sandy soil, and wherein stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material and ashes and/or sandy soil weight ratio are 5: 1 to 1: 4, preferably 2-4: 1.
In the Straw composite nutritive soil provided according to the present invention, the stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material (abbreviation base-material) is become thoroughly decomposed or product that stack retting spontaneous fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed by stalk is fermented after crushed, wherein stalk is maize straw, jowar stalk, millet stalk, straw and straw etc., preferably maize straw.The maize straw high yield field crop generally planted in China at present, distribution is wide, and cultivated area is big, and remaining maize straw is abandoned in the fields by peasant always after harvesting corn or to be abandoned stalk amount big at the edge of a field.These stalks are generally burnt with fire is of ancient India by any shed rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the micro organic substance without element, are not utilized, waste.The base-material organic matter, Humus content be high, is usually slow sources of manure rich in oxygen, phosphorus, potassium and some trace elements, and fertilizer efficiency persistently, is very suitable for the growth of green plants or flowers.After the organic matter source of manure that farmland is made using it, the ecological circulation that Zinc fractions can be made benign makes up and causes soil fertility to decline using inorganic fertilizer, organic matter and microelement deficiencies, improve soil compaction phenomenon, play a part of improved soil, the yield of crops can be enduringly improved again；Grow vigorous after green ornamental plant and flowers for planting, bloom bright-coloured；Air environmental pollution can be reduced simultaneously, waste resource is made full use of again.Weight of the fermented decomposed organic matter base-material of stalk in Straw composite nutritive soil with the plant and flowers of plantation happiness acidity or alkalescence than having substantial connection, it is i.e. closely related in acid, neutral or alkalescence with Nutrition Soil, stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material is 5: 1 to 1: 4, preferably 2-4: 1 with ashes and/or sandy soil weight ratio.
The ashes are the waste ashes that thermal power plant is discharged, its Main Ingredients and Appearance difference different from the species of coal used in power plant, usually SiO2、Al2O3, FeO or Fe2O3, CaO etc., wherein SiO2And Al2O3The 70-80% of gross weight is accounted for, also containing middle trace element such as Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca, Si and Al needed for many plants and flowers.
Because ashes are loose porous, surface area is big, and SiO2And Al2O3Adsorptivity it is strong, be very beneficial for stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter and keep moisture content, and drainage of ventilating is good, it is not hardened when dry, not into pasty state when wet.
The sandy soil are common natural sandy soil, and the soil is porous for sandy soil, and ventilation drainage is good, contains abundant inorganic mineral, such as SiO2, trace element in MnO or MgO etc..Ashes and/or sandy soil each individually can be compounded into Straw composite nutritive soil of the present invention with stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material.If base-material individually with ashes mixture, the Straw composite nutritive soil after mixture is in alkalescence；If the Straw composite nutritive soil after base-material and the independent mixture of sandy soil, mixture is in acidity.The acid-base property is relevant with the ashes sandy soil or its consumption of mixture, also depending on plantation green plants and flower variety like the acid-base value of Nutrition Soil.If using the ashes and sandy soil of mixing, ashes and sandy soil with 4: 1 to 1: 4 weight it is uniform than first mixture after, then with base-material with 4: 1 to 1: 5 weight than being compounded into Straw composite nutritive soil of the invention.Organic matter in the Straw composite nutritive soil provided through the analytical test present invention：21.28%, nitrogen：0.51%, phosphorus：1.15%, potassium：0.96%.
In the Straw composite nutritive soil provided according to the present invention, if desired, can according to the green plants or flower variety of plantation to nutrition the need for measure, growth characteristic, and user requires, the appropriate such as quick-acting inorganic compounding fertilizers of 0.1-0.5 weight % base-materials are blended in former Straw composite nutritive soil, to increase quick-acting fertilizer material source, promote plants and flowers fast-growth.The inorganic compounding fertilizer is formed by following component and parts by weight blending, urea 15-25, calcium superphosphate 50-70, potassium sulfate (or potassium chloride) 15-25, and the nitrogenous of formula fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium after blending are preferably respectively 9%, and it is 27% to amount to available nutrient.
The characteristics of Straw composite nutritive soil that the present invention is provided has both stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material and ashes and/or sandy soil rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element the soil is porous, ventilation drainage is good, it is nutritious, rich in the nitrogen needed for green ornamental plant and flower growth, phosphorus, the organic matter of potassium, humus and middle micro- Fe, Mg, Si, Mn etc.；The soil is porous, and ventilation drainage is good, and acid-base value scope is big, not latent pest and disease damage etc., is conducive to planting the absorption and growth of environment-friendly and green plant and flowers.
The manufacture method for the Straw composite nutritive soil that the present invention is provided includes：
1st, stalk is ground into fritter shape and/or powdery or its mixture；
2nd, small block or powdery or its mixed straw are humidified and drenched, fermented, until the stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material that becomes thoroughly decomposed to obtain, wherein humidification water weight are small block or powdery or its mixed straw weight 80-150%, preferably 100-150%；Fermentation temperature is 50-80 DEG C, fermentation time 1-3 weeks；
3rd, the stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material and ashes and/or sandy soil obtained step 2 obtains Straw composite nutritive soil using weight ratio as 5: 1 to 1: 4 blending are uniform；If desired, can also mix appropriate inorganic compounding fertilizer.
In the manufacture method of the Straw composite nutritive soil provided according to the present invention, the stalk includes the various waste straws after above-mentioned grain harvest, the waste straw such as maize straw, millet stalk, broomcorn straw, straw or straw, certainly the various stalks described in recovery also can be used, preferably maize straw, stalk is ground into fine grained chippings or powder is ground into, or fine grained chippings and powdery stalk mixture, the loose ventilation of maize straw is conducive to pile fermentation to be smoothed out.In the humidification heating fermentation process, to add suitable quantity of water in the stalk of fritter or powdery in crushing and be defined by soaking, that is, reach can drip with holding, amount of water is the 80-150 weight %, preferably 100-130 weight % of stalk weight.Enough moisture content must be kept just to be conducive to spoilage organisms to carry out fermentation in heating fermentation process to rot, when moisture content capacity is more than 150%, waste water source will be there are flowing out, be unfavorable for fermenting and rot to carry out；When water is less than 80%, without enough water sources, influence fermentation rotten fungus carry out fermentation and rotted, and extension fermentation time, it is necessary to supplement moisture content in time.Because maize straw is loose, there are enough air to meet fermentation and require, be not required to supplement air.
The fermentation temperature is controlled at 50-80 DEG C, temperature is low, corruption and curing time are long, the temperature height fermentation curing time is short, and general fermentation time is 1-3 weeks, and it has substantial connection with weather, fermentation temperature and fermentation employing mode (so-called container or equipment).
The fermentation process of the present invention can use the fermentation process (referring to fermentation method or place) of various mode, the preferably corrupt maturing process of spontaneous fermentation, any generally in storehouse formula, stack retting formula, pit, warehouse-type, slot type, it is relevant with production scale, place and fermentation condition.If place of fermenting is unrestricted, mode can be combined with pit using stack retting formula, be conducive to spontaneous fermentation moisturizing, be easy to management, save cost.Because weaker in the fermentation reaction of the low corruption for making organic substance in stalk of fermentation temperature at initial stage and curing, course of fermentation is slower, but temperature rises quickly after fermentation makes its fermentation reach the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed, otherwise it is easy to semi-curing, stalk organic matter base-material is off quality, it is unfavorable that plants and flowers is grown, so the maturing process that ferments could be completed after must becoming thoroughly decomposed, it so can both destroy plant diseases and insect pests, humic acid can be increased again, moreover it is possible to which the slow composition of stalk is changed into quick-acting compositions.Stalk fermentation curing organic matter base-material is in black, is environment-friendly organic matter base-material rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element.
Above-mentioned stalk fermentation curing organic matter base-material presses 5: 1 to 1: 4 with ashes and/or sandy soil, and preferably 2-4: 1 weight is more uniform than blending to obtain Straw composite nutritive soil.The mixed proportion of ashes and sandy soil that ashes or sandy soil can be mixed individually with base-material blending or use, its ashes and water and soil is 4: 1 to 1: 4.Mixing proportion and the kind of green ornamental plant and flowers have substantial connection, such as some green ornamental plants and flowers as evergreen, kaffir lily, orchid, azalea, like loose organic soil, and organic matter base-material mixing proportion can be high；And for example some to be grown in the southern green ornamental plants and flowers for liking acid soil, such as oblonga flower can be blended individually with sandy soil, make Nutrition Soil in acidity.If desired, appropriate formula fertilizer (as described above) can be mixed in Straw composite nutritive soil, to increase quick-acting inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, miscellaneous plants and flowers growth needs are met.
The characteristics of Straw composite nutritive soil that the present invention is provided and preparation method thereof is：
1st, Straw composite nutritive soil is manufactured using agricultural wastes grain straw and power plant's ashes, turns waste into wealth, can both exempt and shed everywhere, can also avoided burning the pollution reduced to environment everywhere, be conducive to the improvement of environment for human survival.
2nd, Straw composite nutritive soil is nutritious, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus and a variety of middle trace elements, such as Mg, Mn, Si, Al organic matter；For the growth characteristic of plants and flowers, acid, neutral or alkaline Nutrition Soil can be compounded into, is adapted to various green ornamental plants and flower culture composition and feature, it is with strong points, and with bactericidal action, be conducive to plants and flowers to grow.
3rd, the soil is porous for Nutrition Soil, ventilative, draining and good water-retaining property, and Nutrition Soil has organic matter fertilizer concurrently and the comprehensive nutrient of inorganic fertilizer is native, the existing substantial amounts of slow organic matter source of manure, and have immediate effect inorganic fertilizer again, and combination of long drives and drop shots, fertilizer efficiency is lasting.The cultivation Nutrition Soil of green ornamental plant and flowers is can not only be used for, can be used as green vegetables and the Nutrition Soil in orchard again.
4th, manufacture method is simple and practical, and small investment cost is low, cheap, and quality better is easy to use, is easy to production development, it is easy to decline wide application.
Embodiment
The present invention further illustrates the present invention with the following example, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment.
Percentage is percetage by weight in embodiment
Embodiment 1：
1000 kilograms of the edge of a field are discarded into corn straw smashing powdering, add 1300 kg of water, make maize straw uniformly drench reach with the dripping of holding, bank out or with allowing it to generate heat naturally in film cover, the inside heating temp is more than 60 DEG C, the stack retting time is kept for more than one week, is completed until pile fermentation is cured；Then 160 kilograms of ashes and 160 kilograms of sandy soil are mixed, then the stalk base-material after retting is cured stirs with thing mixed above, just obtains Straw composite nutritive soil.
Through assay：The content of organic matter of its Nutrition Soil is：21.28%th, nitrogen：0.51%th, phosphorus：1.15%th, potassium：0.96%th, PH---7.
Embodiment 2：
With 1000 kilograms of discarded corn straw smashing powderings, 1300 kg of water are added, maize straw is uniformly drenched, reaches can drip with holding, bank out and allow it to generate heat naturally, the temperature of the inside reaches more than 60 DEG C, is kept for more than one week；Until blended uniformly with 300 kilograms of sandy soil again after the completion of curing, then stack retting just obtains Straw composite nutritive soil in more than three days.
Through assay：The organic matter of its Nutrition Soil：23%th, nitrogen：0.51%th, phosphorus：1.15%th, potassium：0.96%th, PH---5.5.
Embodiment 3：
With 1000 kilograms of discarded corn straw smashing powderings, 1300 kg of water are added, maize straw is uniformly drenched, reaching can tightly be dripped with holding, banked out and allowed it to generate heat naturally, the temperature of the inside is more than 60 DEG C, and stack retting is kept for more than one week；It is uniform with the 300 kilograms of blending of power plant ashes again, stack retting more than three days, just Straw composite nutritive soil.
Through assay：Its Nutrition Soil content of organic matter：21.28%th, nitrogen：0.51%th, phosphorus：1.51%th, potassium：0.96%th, PH---8.2.
Embodiment 4：
With 1000 kilograms of discarded corn straw smashing powderings, 1300 kg of water are added, maize straw is uniformly drenched, reaching can tightly be dripped with holding, bank out and allow it to generate heat naturally, the heating temp of the inside reaches more than 60 DEG C, and the stack retting time is kept for more than one week until after the completion of curing；Then 2 kilograms are added by 19.57 parts by weight of urea after 160 kilograms of ashes being mixed with 160 kilograms of soil sand, the formula fertilizer blending of 56.25 parts by weight calcium superphosphate and 18 parts sulfuric acid potassium composition is uniform, the stalk base-material after retting and thing mixed above are blended uniformly again, Straw composite nutritive soil is just obtained.
Through assay：Its Nutrition Soil organic matter：22%th, late effect property nitrogen, phosphorus, the content of potassium are respectively：0.51%th, 1.15%, 0.96%；Quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are in more than 180mg/kg, and PH-7, nutrient content quite enriches.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Straw composite nutritive soil, including stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material, ashes and/or sandy soil, wherein the base-material is 5: 1 to 1: 4 with ashes and/or sandy soil weight ratio.
2. Straw composite nutritive soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also 0.1-0.5% inorganic compounding fertilizers comprising base-material weight, wherein the inorganic compounding fertilizer includes urea 15-25 parts by weight, calcium superphosphate 50-70 parts by weight, potassium sulfate 15-25 weight.
3. the Straw composite nutritive soil according to claim 1-2 any one claim, it is characterised in that the ashes are power plant's ashes, sandy soil are nature sandy soil；The stalk is maize straw, small
Rice stalk, jowar stalk, straw or straw.
4. Straw composite nutritive soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the ashes are 4: 1 to 1: 4 using its mixture weight ratio with sandy soil mixture.
5. Straw composite nutritive soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the stalk is fermentation maturity organic matter base-material and ashes and/or sandy soil weight ratio are 2-4: 1.
6. a kind of manufacture method of Straw composite nutritive soil, including：1) stalk is ground into fritter shape or powdery or its mixture；2) small block or powdery or its mixed straw are humidified and drenched, carry out heating fermentation, until the stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material that becomes thoroughly decomposed to obtain, wherein humidification water weight are small block or powdery or its mixing straw
Stalk weight 80-150%, fermentation temperature is 50-80 DEG C, fermentation time 1-3 weeks；3) by step 2) with ashes and/or sandy soil to be that 5: 1 to 1: 4 blending are uniform using weight ratio obtain Straw composite nutritive soil for obtained stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material.
7. a kind of manufacture method of Straw composite nutritive soil includes stalk 1) is ground into fritter shape or powdery or its mixture；2) small block or powdery or its mixed straw are humidified and drenched, carry out heating fermentation, until the stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material that becomes thoroughly decomposed to obtain, wherein humidification water weight are small block or powdery or its mixing straw
Stalk weight 80-150%, fermentation temperature is 50-80 DEG C, fermentation time 1-3 weeks；3) by step 2) with ashes and/or sandy soil to be that 5: 1 to 1: 4 blending are uniform using weight ratio obtain Straw composite nutritive soil for obtained stalk fermentation decomposed organic matter base-material；4) by step 3) obtained Straw composite nutritive soil is blended into Straw composite nutritive soil with the 0.1-0.5% of the base-material weight formula fertilizers being made up of following component and parts by weight again；Urea 15-25, calcium superphosphate 50-70, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 15-25.
8. the manufacture method of the Straw composite nutritive soil according to any one of claim 6-7 claim, it is characterised in that the humidification water weight is 100-130%.
9. the manufacture method of the Straw composite nutritive soil according to any one of claim 6-7 claim, it is characterised in that the stalk fermentation curing is stack retting spontaneous fermentation curing.
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| CN201610226382.9A CN107285829A (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2016-04-13 | A kind of Straw composite nutritive soil and its manufacture method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109232050A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of planting soil formula |
| CN115417734A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 刘妍 | Preparation method of artificially brewed black soil |
-
2016
- 2016-04-13 CN CN201610226382.9A patent/CN107285829A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109232050A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of planting soil formula |
| CN115417734A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 刘妍 | Preparation method of artificially brewed black soil |
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