CN1420997A - 用于显示器中均匀亮度的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于显示器中均匀亮度的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1420997A
CN1420997A CN01807456A CN01807456A CN1420997A CN 1420997 A CN1420997 A CN 1420997A CN 01807456 A CN01807456 A CN 01807456A CN 01807456 A CN01807456 A CN 01807456A CN 1420997 A CN1420997 A CN 1420997A
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liquid crystal
dac
display driver
display
analog converter
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E·M·奥东内尔
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Thomson Licensing SAS
RCA Licensing Corp
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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Abstract

一种模拟显示驱动器(20)，包括用于补偿液晶间隔尺寸变化的平面校正值的矩阵阵列(10)和至少一个第一数字模拟转换器(DAC)(22)，其中可变电压传递函数优选使用第二DAC(24)施加到第一DAC。

Description

用于显示器中均匀亮度的方法和装置
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及利用液晶显示器(LCD)或硅上液晶(LCOS)显示器的视频系统领域，并尤其涉及提供LCOS/LCD显示器中亮度均匀性的视频系统。
相关技术的描述
硅上液晶(LCOS)能够被看作形成在硅片上的一个大液晶。硅片被分为微小板电极的递增阵列。液晶的微小递增区域受到由每个微小板和公共板产生的电场的影响。每个这样的微小板和对应的液晶区域一起称作成像器的一个单元。每个单元对应于一个可独立控制的像素。一个公共板电极被放在液晶的另一侧。每个单元或像素保持以相同的强度发光直到输入信号被改变，从而起到取样和保持的作用。每组公共和可变板电极形成一成像器。一个成像器被提供给每种颜色，在这种情况下，一个成像器分别具有红、绿和蓝色。
典型的用双倍帧信号驱动LCOS显示器的成像器以避免30Hz闪烁，通过首先发送普通帧，其中与每个单元相关联的电极上的电压相对于在公共电极(正图象)的电压是正的，并且接着发送倒置的帧，其中响应于给定的输入图象，与每个单元相关联的电极上的电压相对于公共电极(负图象)的电压是负的。正和负图象的产生确保每个像素将用跟随着负电场的正电场写入。结果的驱动电场具有零DC分量，这是为避免图象残留，以及最终成像器的永久退化所必需的。已经确定人眼响应于由这些正和负图象产生的像素的亮度的平均值。
驱动电压被提供给LCOS阵列的每一侧上的平板电极。
LCOS中的现有技术状态需要表示为VITO的公共模电极电压的调整，该电压正好在驱动LCOS的正电场和负电场之间。下标ITO指材料铟锡氧化物。平均的平衡是必要的，从而将闪烁最小化，以及防止众所周知的图象残留现象。
在当前技术中，LCOS用恒定的电压传递函数驱动，与在显示板上的位置无关。由于LC间隔尺寸中的变化，这产生了降低的对比度和均匀性问题，因为间隔从一个位置到另一个位置是在变化。为了解决该问题，已经试图用各种方法保持单元间隔距离恒定。这些包括隔板，更适合的是玻璃，并通过把它固定到更坚硬的衬底中来试图使硅背板更平坦。这不必要地增加了整个设备的费用。因此，存在克服这些缺陷并提供用于间隔变化的更大承受性的装置的需要。
发明简述
在本发明的第一方面，用于获得显示器中均匀亮度的方法包括确定液晶显示器上液晶(LC)间隔尺寸和根据LC间隔尺寸施加可变电压转换函数到显示驱动器的步骤。
在本发明的第二方面，一种模拟显示驱动器包括用于补偿液晶间隔尺寸的变化的平面校正值的矩阵阵列和至少一个数字-模拟转换器(DAC)，其中可变电压传递函数按照平面校正值被施加到DAC。
在本发明的第三方面，一种数字显示驱动器包括用于补偿液晶间隔尺寸变化的平面校正值的矩阵阵列，和用于利用矩阵阵列施加可变电压传递函数的数字信号处理器。
在本发明的第四方面，一种具有液晶间隔尺寸变化的液晶显示器包括显示驱动器和至少一个成像器。显示驱动器包括一个用于补偿液晶间隔尺寸的变化的平面校正值的矩阵阵列并具有施加到驱动器的可变电压传递函数。
附图简要说明
图1是根据本发明的平面校正的矩阵阵列的说明。
图2是根据本发明的显示驱动器部分的框图。
图3是根据本发明的另一个显示驱动器部分的框图。
图4是描述根据本发明的典型的装置传递函数的图表。
图5是描述根据本发明的用于在显示器中均匀亮度的方法的流程图。
优选实施例详细描述
本发明的一个方面是，通过按照值的可编程矩阵调制传递函数克服对间隔变化的敏感度。矩阵表示一个绘制在器件表面的二维格子10，如图1所示。只要间隔变化最好是平滑的、连续的函数，它的空间频率不超过对于取样格子的奈奎斯特(Nyquist)准则，就能够达到表面变化的补偿。
调制能够用不同的方式完成。在模拟驱动成像器的情况下，这能够使用乘法(multiplying)DAC来完成，于是它的参考电压用所要求的模拟波形调制。根据系统体系结构，这能够用一个或多个DAC完成。两个DAC的方案，尽管更昂贵，但将有希望产生最好的效果。该系统的大致框图在图2中示出。Digicon III STV2050能够容易地产生直到16×16点矩阵的适合该方案的任意波形。
相同的功能也能够在数字范畴内完成。Digicon III的运算处理器将仅仅需要嵌入到前端，并且该校正应用为一个乘法器。参照图3，使用数字方法的数字显示驱动器将优选包括用于补偿液晶间隔尺寸变化的平面校正值的矩阵阵列，和用于利用矩阵阵列施加可变电压传递函数的数字信号处理器。驱动器也可以包括用于红色的成像器、用于绿色的成像器和用于蓝色的成像器。
尽管新方法加入复杂性(并因此增加成本)到驱动器系统，改进的性能的益处，以及来自成像器的更高的装置产量将有助于弥补这些附加成本。
在图1中，每个交叉点表示将被保存在存储器中和用于通过补偿间隔变化来改善对比度的校正位置。
如现有技术所公知的，LCD/LCOS装置的传递函数是非线性函数。大部分单个DAC系统的清晰度将被下降，从等于公共电极电压(Vito)的电压电平的电压电平到以装置开始从白向黑转换的电平驱动装置。另外，有必要在帧之间倒置驱动电压以避免DC在LC上的偏压，并产生损害。参照图2和4，显示驱动器20使用两点校准，这将随着下文的解释变得明显。如图2所示的具有四个DAC的显示驱动器20最好具有设置在DAC22的全亮电平，这使用了由“Dmax1”表示的在DAC 22的数据输入的最大值DAC code。当校准全亮时，Dmax1例如可被设为DAC Code224，并且DAC26的显示数据输入能够被设为例如具有0值的Dmax2。在装置30的输出端的结果将提供代表全亮度的信号。在该例中，Vref(对DAC24和28)能够是在预定范围改变的电压。例如，5伏的设置对应于在给定像素或单元位置的全亮电平。(在显示器的常规操作期间，Vref将根据在查找表(LUT)21中找到的值在整个预定区域变化。(这可以由用于对应于矩阵的LUT21中的对应像素值之间的“在中间”像素的内插计算器修改。))LUT21校正传递函数的非线性。因此，当DAC22具有用于Dmax1的DAC Code224的输入时，5伏将是DAC22的输出，而当DAC Code 0(由“Dmax2”表示)被设置在DAC26时，0伏将是DAC26的输出。DAC26的输出经过求和装置30从DAC22的输出“减去”，从而提供5伏输出到对应于全亮的液晶的模拟驱动。应当指出在任一时刻只有一个信号提供给DAC26，即Dmax2，Dmin或视频输入信号。这能够使用例如乘法器(未示出)实现。
当对于暗电平校准时，DAC22中的用于Dmax1的值将保持在DACCode224，而向DAC26的输入现在也将是由“Dmin”表示的DAC Code224。在该例中，5伏将是DAC22的输出，而当DAC code224(由“Dmin”表示)被设置在DAC26时，5伏也将是DAC26的输出。DAC26的输出经过求和装置30从DAC22的输出“减去”，从而提供0伏输出到对应于完全暗的液晶的模拟驱动。应当理解在本发明的计划中，其他DAC值(如随着对图4的说明将变得更加明了)也应当被用于对“全亮”或“暗”的校准。也应当理解，在本发明的计划内，Vref也能够利用与5伏不同的其他值获得上述相似的功能性结果。
参照图4的红线，大约74流明每平方米(或勒克斯值74)的最大亮度在接近DAC code224处对红色获得。为了允许补偿，在DAC22的Dmax1能够被设置得稍低，例如在大约DAC code215处，它将提供勒克斯值65得最大亮度。在DAC26的Dmax2最好将设置在表示全暗的DAC code0，但是如图4所示，它也可以设在DAC code0和DAC100之间的任何值。Dmin也能够被设在DAC code215处，但是它不必与DAC22的Dmax1是相同的值。一旦使用Dmax1和Dmax2将全亮或“白电平”校准，并且用Dmax1和Dmin设置“黑电平”，考虑到间隔距离的变化DAC22的输出用DAC24的输出(Vref)修改，Vref是由平面校正值(它可以是查找表21的形式)的矩阵阵列确定的可变化的驱动电压，这可以由内插计算器25进一步修改，该计算器被用于对由矩阵值表示的像素的中间像素的适当的值内插。同样，考虑到间隔距离的变化将DAC26的输出使用DAC28(Vref)的输出修改，Vref是由平面校正值(它也可以是查找表21的形式)的矩阵阵列确定的可变驱动电压，这可以由内插计算器29进一步修改。因此，照亮由具有第一间隔的矩阵阵列表示的显示器第一部分上像素的视频输入信号将被补偿，从而当相同的视频输入信号照亮具有由矩阵阵列表示的另一的间隔距离的显示器的另一部分上像素时，获得整个显示器的均匀的亮度(暗度)。
用于调制的数据由最终系统的黑或近白状态的均匀性的光学校准确定。在每个屏幕位置上的数据被调整从而给出该系统的最均匀的平面区域响应，这是所希望的目标。该数据能够被内插并且基于该数据的计算(25和29)能够提供必要的数据以调制参考电压。
如图2所示具有分离的黑和白电平DAC，允许使优化更容易，因为传递函数实际上在黑和白之间，并且甚至不在黑和Vito之间。
再次参照图1和2，模拟显示驱动器20最好包括用于补偿液晶间隔尺寸的变化的平面校正值的矩阵阵列10和至少一个数字模拟转换器(DAC)，其中可变电压传递函数施加到DAC。驱动器最好包括至少一个第一DAC22和一个第二DAC24，其中白电平或亮度电平由第一DAC22设置，而液晶的可变驱动电压由第二DAC24设置。或者，模拟显示驱动器能够包括第一对乘法DAC，它使用第一DAC设置液晶的白电平并使用第二DAC设置用于第一DAC(第一对的)的可变驱动电压，和第二对乘法DAC，它使用第一DAC设置“黑”或暗电平并使用第二DAC向第一DAC(第二对的)提供可变驱动电压。
在本发明的另一方面，在液晶间隔尺寸上有变化的液晶显示器包括显示驱动器20，它最好包括用于补偿在液晶间隔尺寸的变化的平面校正值的矩阵阵列10，其中可变电压传递函数被施加到前文所述的显示驱动器。显示器也最好包括至少一个用于红、绿、蓝的成像器，其中至少一个成像器由显示驱动器驱动。应当进一步理解到，在三色成像器系统中，每个彩色成像器(红、绿、蓝)能够具有它自己的驱动器、DAC(或DAC组)，和用于根据已知的间隔变化适当调整亮度电平的矩阵阵列。
在数字范围中实现该相同功能的另一种方法将代替由模拟混频(mixing)算术地做所有处理。这样的缺点在于它需要计算中的更高的清晰度。益处在于有很少的部件，并且不需要信号的任何模拟混频。这避免了漂移、不匹配和其他在精密模拟系统中共同的缺点。在图3所示的数字方案中，显示单元40的一部分能够包括具有数字信号处理器(DSP)50的驱动器44，或利用矩阵阵列10的可变电压传递函数的其他适当的处理器。用于施加可变电压传递函数和要求的调制的数据和软件能够在利用外部微处理器42、EEPROM46或RAM54类型的存储器、均匀图案发生器48以及DSP50的全部或一部分的各种结构中被保存和处理。视频电路56提供用于均匀性调整的可视反馈。DAC52的输出提供可变驱动电压到液晶，它由DSP50的输出设置。
参照图5，用于在显示器中获得均匀亮度的方法100优选地包括以下步骤，优选地通过测量亮度(在LCD的位置(1，1)的白和黑)确定(102)液晶显示器上液晶(LC)间隔尺寸，并根据LC间隔尺寸施加(104)可变电压传递函数到显示驱动器。施加可变电压传递函数的步骤优选能够通过调整电压从而给出相同的亮度(在相邻位置的白和黑)实现。该方法可以进一步包括根据可编程的数值矩阵调制传递函数的步骤(106)或可以另外包括用所要求的模拟波形调制至少一个数字模拟转换器的参考电压的步骤(108)。
用于使用DAC驱动显示器的方法，也可以另外包括设置第一数字模拟转换器的白电平和用第二数字模拟转换器设置对于液晶的可变驱动的步骤(110)。该步骤还可以包括施加来自查找表的值的可编程矩阵从而校正传递函数的任何非线性，以在施加校正的传递函数到第二数字模拟转换器之前提供校正的传递函数的步骤。该方法可以进一步包括在帧之间倒置驱动电压从而避免液晶上的DC偏压的步骤(112)。
尽管本发明已经结合这里公开的实施例一起被描述，但是应当理解到前述描述只是为了说明的目的，而不作为对由权利要求确定的本
发明的范围的限制。

Claims (17)

1.一种在显示器中获得均匀亮度的方法，包括以下步骤：
确定液晶显示器上液晶(LC)间隔尺寸；和
根据LC间隔尺寸向显示驱动器施加可变电压传递函数。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中施加可变电压传递函数的步骤包括根据可编程的数值矩阵调制传递函数的步骤。
3.权利要求2的方法，其中调制步骤包括用所要求的模拟波形调制至少一个数字模拟转换器的参考电压的步骤。
4.权利要求2的方法，其中只要LC间隔尺寸变化是其空间频率不超过用于可编程的数值矩阵的奈奎斯特准则的、光滑的、连续函数，则应用传递函数的步骤是有效的。
5.权利要求3的方法，其中该方法还包括设置第一数字模拟转换器的白电平的步骤和利用第二数字模拟转换器对液晶设置可变驱动的步骤。
6.权利要求5的方法，其中该方法进一步包括施加来自查找表中的值的可编程矩阵以校正传递函数的任何非线性，从而在施加校正的传递函数到第二数字模拟转换器之前提供校正的传递函数的步骤。
7.权利要求1的方法，其中该方法还包括在帧之间倒置驱动电压以避免液晶上的DC偏压的步骤。
8.一种用于液晶显示单元的显示驱动器，包括
一包含用于在所述液晶显示单元中显示的图象信息的输入信号的源；
一指示与所述液晶显示单元相关联的亮度非均匀性的第一校正信号的源；
一调制器，响应用于产生用于所述液晶显示单元的给定液晶显示单元的驱动信号的所述输入和校正信号，所述液晶显示单元包含根据所述校正信号被调制的图象信息。
9.权利要求8的显示驱动器，其中所述调制器包括具有响应所述输入信号的数据输入和响应所述校正信号的参考输入的第一数字模拟转换器。
10.权利要求9的显示驱动器，还包括具有响应所述校正信号的数据输入和耦合到所述第一数字模拟转换器的所述参考输入的输出的第二数字模拟转换器。
11.权利要求8的显示驱动器，还包括指示与所述液晶显示单元相关联的全亮度非均匀性的第二校正信号的源，其中所述第一校正信号是与所述液晶显示单元相关联的黑电平非均匀性变化的指示，并且其中所述第二校正信号被施加到所述数字模拟转换器的输出信号从而产生所述驱动信号。
12.权利要求11的数字显示驱动器，其中显示驱动器包括红色成像器、绿色成像器和蓝色成像器之一。
13.一种在液晶间隔尺寸中具有变化的液晶显示器，包括：
一显示驱动器，包括用于补偿液晶间隔尺寸的变化的平面校正值的矩阵阵列，其中可变电压传递函数被施加到显示驱动器；以及
至少一个用于红、绿和蓝的成像器，其中该至少一个成像器由显示驱动器驱动。
14.权利要求13的液晶显示器，其中显示驱动器还包括至少一个数字模拟转换器(DAC)。
15.权利要求14的液晶显示器，其中驱动器包括第一DAC和第二DAC，其中白电平由第一DAC设置并且液晶的可变驱动电压由第二DAC设置。
16.权利要求13的液晶显示器，其中显示驱动器包括对液晶设置亮和暗电平的第一对DAC和乘来自第一对DAC的输出信号的第二对DAC并向液晶进一步提供可变驱动电压。
17.权利要求13的液晶显示器，其中显示驱动器进一步包括数字信号处理器，它利用矩阵阵列施加可变电压传递函数。
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CN107479261A (zh) * 2017-09-19 2017-12-15 惠科股份有限公司 液晶显示装置
CN107515495A (zh) * 2017-09-19 2017-12-26 惠科股份有限公司 平面显示装置
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US11256145B2 (en) 2017-09-19 2022-02-22 HKC Corporation Limited Flat panel display

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