CN1414971A - 用作免疫抑制剂的缩肽及其同类物 - Google Patents
用作免疫抑制剂的缩肽及其同类物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1414971A CN1414971A CN00817856A CN00817856A CN1414971A CN 1414971 A CN1414971 A CN 1414971A CN 00817856 A CN00817856 A CN 00817856A CN 00817856 A CN00817856 A CN 00817856A CN 1414971 A CN1414971 A CN 1414971A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- amino acid
- side chain
- acid side
- compound
- independently
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- OHRURASPPZQGQM-GCCNXGTGSA-N romidepsin Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)[C@H]2CSSCC\C=C\[C@@H]1CC(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N2 OHRURASPPZQGQM-GCCNXGTGSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 108010002156 Depsipeptides Proteins 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 208000009329 Graft vs Host Disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 208000024908 graft versus host disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 52
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 102100032937 CD40 ligand Human genes 0.000 claims description 26
- 101000868215 Homo sapiens CD40 ligand Proteins 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 101001057504 Homo sapiens Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 101001055144 Homo sapiens Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 102100026878 Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002689 xenotransplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010011968 Decreased immune responsiveness Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UUFQTNFCRMXOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylmethylene Chemical compound C[CH] UUFQTNFCRMXOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical class 0.000 claims 24
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011316 allogeneic transplantation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003452 romidepsin Drugs 0.000 abstract description 68
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- -1 FR901228 Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 13
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001363 autoimmune Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 77
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 30
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N Cyclosporin A Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 108010036949 Cyclosporine Proteins 0.000 description 21
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229960001265 ciclosporin Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 229930182912 cyclosporin Natural products 0.000 description 21
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 21
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 210000004970 cd4 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 206010067584 Type 1 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 210000005105 peripheral blood lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 13
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229930105110 Cyclosporin A Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 229940125721 immunosuppressive agent Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 102100036011 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 Human genes 0.000 description 10
- MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 208000035408 type 1 diabetes mellitus 1 Diseases 0.000 description 10
- PHEDXBVPIONUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cocarcinogen A1 Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1C(C)C2(O)C3C=C(C)C(=O)C3(O)CC(CO)=CC2C2C1(OC(C)=O)C2(C)C PHEDXBVPIONUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- PHEDXBVPIONUQT-RGYGYFBISA-N phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate Chemical compound C([C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C)=C[C@H]1[C@@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@H]2OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(CO)=C[C@H]1[C@H]1[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C1(C)C PHEDXBVPIONUQT-RGYGYFBISA-N 0.000 description 9
- 102100025137 Early activation antigen CD69 Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 101000934374 Homo sapiens Early activation antigen CD69 Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 206010052779 Transplant rejections Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 8
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-ADZNBVRBSA-N ionomycin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)/C=C/C[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(/O)=C/C(=O)[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@H]1O[C@](C)([C@@H](C)O)CC1 PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-ADZNBVRBSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ionomycin Natural products O1C(CC(O)C(C)C(O)C(C)C=CCC(C)CC(C)C(O)=CC(=O)C(C)CC(C)CC(CCC(O)=O)C)CCC1(C)C1OC(C)(C(C)O)CC1 PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011789 NOD SCID mouse Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 7
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006044 T cell activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- JGPOSNWWINVNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester Chemical compound C=1C(OC(=O)C)=CC=C2C=1OC1=CC(OC(C)=O)=CC=C1C2(C1=C2)OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O JGPOSNWWINVNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004073 interleukin-2 production Effects 0.000 description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 101000599852 Homo sapiens Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000679851 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000611023 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100037877 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 101710135898 Myc proto-oncogene protein Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100038895 Myc proto-oncogene protein Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006052 T cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 101710150448 Transcriptional regulator Myc Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100022153 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102100040403 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- GOZMBJCYMQQACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethyl-3-[[methyl-[2-[methyl-[[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]indol-3-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]chromen-4-one;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C=1OC2=CC(C)=C(C)C=C2C(=O)C=1CN(C)CCN(C)CC(C1=CC=CC=C11)=CN1C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 GOZMBJCYMQQACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101000914514 Homo sapiens T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 206010062016 Immunosuppression Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108700018351 Major Histocompatibility Complex Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 4
- 102100027213 T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-LFZNUXCKSA-N Tacrolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1\C=C(/C)[C@@H]1[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)CC(=O)[C@H](CC=C)/C=C(C)/C[C@H](C)C[C@H](OC)[C@H]([C@H](C[C@H]2C)OC)O[C@@]2(O)C(=O)C(=O)N2CCCC[C@H]2C(=O)O1 QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-LFZNUXCKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 208000026278 immune system disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000020382 suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 4
- QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-SHYZHZOCSA-N tacrolimus Natural products CO[C@H]1C[C@H](CC[C@@H]1O)C=C(C)[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@H]3CCCCN3C(=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)O[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H]4C)OC)[C@@H](C[C@H](C)CC(=C[C@@H](CC=C)C(=O)C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C)C)OC QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-SHYZHZOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 101150013553 CD40 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010009900 Colitis ulcerative Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101001018097 Homo sapiens L-selectin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102100033467 L-selectin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 201000004681 Psoriasis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 3
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N Thymidine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100040245 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 201000006704 Ulcerative Colitis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000000612 antigen-presenting cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azathioprine Chemical compound CN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1SC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002170 azathioprine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005090 green fluorescent protein Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000008297 liquid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide Inorganic materials [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M propidium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CCC[N+](C)(CC)CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rapamycin Natural products COCC(O)C(=C/C(C)C(=O)CC(OC(=O)C1CCCCN1C(=O)C(=O)C2(O)OC(CC(OC)C(=CC=CC=CC(C)CC(C)C(=O)C)C)CCC2C)C(C)CC3CCC(O)C(C3)OC)C ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960002930 sirolimus Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N sirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000032467 Aplastic anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002237 B-cell of pancreatic islet Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004631 Calcineurin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010042955 Calcineurin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100025012 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101000908391 Homo sapiens Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000994375 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 102100032818 Integrin alpha-4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010038453 Interleukin-2 Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000010789 Interleukin-2 Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000978 Interleukin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ZGUNAGUHMKGQNY-ZETCQYMHSA-N L-alpha-phenylglycine zwitterion Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZGUNAGUHMKGQNY-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000134 MTT assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000002 MTT assay Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010047620 Phytohemagglutinins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010053613 Type IV hypersensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010046851 Uveitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010047115 Vasculitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006786 activation induced cell death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005784 autoimmunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001277 beta hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001516 cell proliferation assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007891 compressed tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001334 corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006058 immune tolerance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001861 immunosuppressant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006882 induction of apoptosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010212 intracellular staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004153 islets of langerhan Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010028417 myasthenia gravis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002997 ophthalmic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940054534 ophthalmic solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003182 parenteral nutrition solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010647 peptide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RGCLLPNLLBQHPF-HJWRWDBZSA-N phosphamidon Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/C)OP(=O)(OC)OC RGCLLPNLLBQHPF-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DCWXELXMIBXGTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphotyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(OP(O)(O)=O)C=C1 DCWXELXMIBXGTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001885 phytohemagglutinin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012342 propidium iodide staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium pyruvate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)C([O-])=O DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 210000004988 splenocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006433 tumor necrosis factor production Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005951 type IV hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027930 type IV hypersensitivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 2
- XDIYNQZUNSSENW-UUBOPVPUSA-N (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O XDIYNQZUNSSENW-UUBOPVPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYKLZBIWFXPUCS-VIFPVBQESA-N (2s)-2-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)=CC=CC2=C1 IYKLZBIWFXPUCS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003088 (fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NYPYHUZRZVSYKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N -3,5-Diiodotyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 NYPYHUZRZVSYKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-OFKYTIFKSA-N 1-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(tritiooxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[3H])O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)=C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-OFKYTIFKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDINUJSAMVOPCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15-Deoxyspergualin Natural products NCCCNCCCCNC(=O)C(O)NC(=O)CCCCCCN=C(N)N IDINUJSAMVOPCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XARVANDLQOZMMJ-CHHVJCJISA-N 2-[(z)-[1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-2-(2-oxoethylamino)ethylidene]amino]oxy-2-methylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)(C)O\N=C(/C(=O)NCC=O)C1=CSC(N)=N1 XARVANDLQOZMMJ-CHHVJCJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTOFYLAWDLQMBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-3-thiophen-2-ylpropanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CS1 WTOFYLAWDLQMBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COESHZUDRKCEPA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 3,5-dibromo-L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 COESHZUDRKCEPA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYPYHUZRZVSYKL-ZETCQYMHSA-N 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 NYPYHUZRZVSYKL-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVQIKJMSUIMUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyrroline Chemical compound C1NCC=C1 JVQIKJMSUIMUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010600 3H thymidine incorporation assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000972 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C1=C(N=C(*)S1)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 5-bromodeoxyuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(Br)=C1 WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010013238 70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000021959 Abnormal metabolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000002874 Acne Vulgaris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035285 Allergic Seasonal Rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 208000028185 Angioedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006820 Arthralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N BROMODEOXYURIDINE Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(Br)=C1 WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000023328 Basedow disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000653197 Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (isolate Japan/S) Movement protein TGB3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beta-D-1-Arabinofuranosylthymine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000008439 Biliary Liver Cirrhosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010004659 Biliary cirrhosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100021943 C-C motif chemokine 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710155857 C-C motif chemokine 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035793 CD83 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700199 Cavia porcellus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000000844 Cell Surface Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001857 Cell Surface Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010012236 Chemokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000019034 Chemokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010008531 Chills Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 108010062580 Concanavalin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011831 Cytomegalovirus infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006820 DNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010012438 Dermatitis atopic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010012692 Diabetic uveitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010016626 Dipeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000000059 Dyspnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010014612 Encephalitis viral Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010015108 Epstein-Barr virus infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010201 Exanthema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100029974 GTPase HRas Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010017213 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039620 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000015023 Graves' disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000006354 HLA-DR Antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010058597 HLA-DR Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000030836 Hashimoto thyroiditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035186 Hemolytic Autoimmune Anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005176 Hepatitis C Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019851 Hepatotoxicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020112 Hirsutism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000946856 Homo sapiens CD83 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000584633 Homo sapiens GTPase HRas Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000914484 Homo sapiens T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCWXJXMHJVIJFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylysine Natural products NCC(O)CC(N)CC(O)=O LCWXJXMHJVIJFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090001005 Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090001007 Interleukin-8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010024229 Leprosy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067125 Liver injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZQDCMWJEBCWBR-UUOKFMHZSA-N Mizoribine Chemical compound OC1=C(C(=O)N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HZQDCMWJEBCWBR-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930191564 Monensin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monensin A Natural products O1C(CC)(C2C(CC(O2)C2C(CC(C)C(O)(CO)O2)C)C)CCC1C(O1)(C)CCC21CC(O)C(C)C(C(C)C(OC)C(C)C(O)=O)O2 GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028116 Mucosal inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009525 Myocarditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010029155 Nephropathy toxic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000005348 Neuraminidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010006232 Neuraminidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010029350 Neurotoxicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BZQFBWGGLXLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-phosphoryl-L-serine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)COP(O)(O)=O BZQFBWGGLXLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027771 Obstructive airways disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030852 Parasitic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057249 Phagocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039085 Rhinitis allergic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010048908 Seasonal allergy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039793 Seborrhoeic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010041925 Staphylococcal infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005867 T cell response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102100027222 T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010044221 Toxic encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035868 Vascular inflammations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CESGKXMBHGUQTB-VONOSFMSSA-N [(1S,2S,6R,10S,11R,13S,14R,15R)-1,6,14-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-4,12,12,15-tetramethyl-5-oxo-13-tetracyclo[8.5.0.02,6.011,13]pentadeca-3,8-dienyl] tetradecanoate Chemical compound C1=C(CO)C[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C)=C[C@H]2[C@@]2(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@]3(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(C)(C)[C@H]3[C@@H]21 CESGKXMBHGUQTB-VONOSFMSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000059 abdominal discomfort Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007488 abnormal function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGVGMXLGOKTYKP-ZFOBEOMCSA-N acetic acid;(6s,8s,9s,10r,11s,13s,14s,17r)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-6,10,13-trimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Chemical compound CC(O)=O.C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]21 MGVGMXLGOKTYKP-ZFOBEOMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001919 adrenal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036428 airway hyperreactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000009961 allergic asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010105 allergic rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004631 alopecia areata Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001668 ameliorated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001028 anti-proliverative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000030741 antigen processing and presentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007503 antigenic stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001640 apoptogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000008937 atopic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000000448 autoimmune hemolytic anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006472 autoimmune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008107 benzenesulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-L-thymidine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004159 blood analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002798 bone marrow cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PZOHOALJQOFNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M brequinar sodium Chemical compound [Na+].N1=C2C=CC(F)=CC2=C(C([O-])=O)C(C)=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1F PZOHOALJQOFNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010006451 bronchitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950004398 broxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000022534 cell killing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011748 cell maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002458 cell surface marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007969 cellular immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008614 cellular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036755 cellular response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007398 colorimetric assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000139 costimulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclandelate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)CC(C)CC1OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000001151 cytotoxic T lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YSMODUONRAFBET-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-DL-hydroxylysine Natural products NCC(O)CCC(N)C(O)=O YSMODUONRAFBET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003957 dexamethasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006137 dexfosfoserine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008298 dragée Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940000406 drug candidate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001198 duodenum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000321 erythema Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- YSMODUONRAFBET-UHNVWZDZSA-N erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine Chemical compound NC[C@H](O)CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O YSMODUONRAFBET-UHNVWZDZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940071106 ethylenediaminetetraacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005884 exanthem Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024711 extrinsic asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030533 eye disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002307 glutamic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002443 helper t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000234 hepatic damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010710 hepatitis C virus infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000304 hepatotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007686 hepatotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000028996 humoral immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004727 humoral immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJHBJHUKURJDLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-L-lysine Natural products NCCCCC(NO)C(O)=O QJHBJHUKURJDLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001421 hyperglycemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003463 hyperproliferative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002519 immonomodulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005934 immune activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124589 immunosuppressive drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000099 in vitro assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010874 in vitro model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028709 inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030603 inherited susceptibility to asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015788 innate immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008611 intercellular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000185 intracerebroventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010659 intrinsic asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- VHOGYURTWQBHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N leflunomide Chemical compound O1N=CC(C(=O)NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=C1C VHOGYURTWQBHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000681 leflunomide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000021633 leukocyte mediated immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005567 liquid scintillation counting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008818 liver damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012139 lysis buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006371 metabolic abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001293 methylprednisolone acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011278 mitosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950000844 mizoribine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001483 mobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003068 molecular probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005358 monensin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-KEOBGNEYSA-N monensin A Chemical compound C([C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](O2)(CC)[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(CO)O2)C)C)C[C@@]21C[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)C(O)=O)O2 GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-KEOBGNEYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- RTGDFNSFWBGLEC-SYZQJQIISA-N mycophenolate mofetil Chemical compound COC1=C(C)C=2COC(=O)C=2C(O)=C1C\C=C(/C)CCC(=O)OCCN1CCOCC1 RTGDFNSFWBGLEC-SYZQJQIISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004866 mycophenolate mofetil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BLUYEPLOXLPVCJ-INIZCTEOSA-N n-[(1s)-2-[4-(3-aminopropylamino)butylamino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(diaminomethylideneamino)heptanamide Chemical compound NCCCNCCCCNC[C@H](O)NC(=O)CCCCCCNC(N)=N BLUYEPLOXLPVCJ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003589 nefrotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000381 nephrotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000417 nephrotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007694 nephrotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000944 nerve tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007135 neurotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000228 neurotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrazepam Chemical compound C12=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2NC(=O)CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006508 oncogene activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940100654 ophthalmic suspension Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008782 phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BZQFBWGGLXLEPQ-REOHCLBHSA-N phosphoserine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)COP(O)(O)=O BZQFBWGGLXLEPQ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004180 plasmocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000004338 pollen allergy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069328 povidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005205 prednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000016914 ras Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014186 ras Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000008742 seborrheic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000005212 secondary lymphoid organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003354 serine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010040882 skin lesion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000444 skin lesion Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000046 skin rash Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008354 sodium chloride injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940054269 sodium pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003393 splenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011272 standard treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 231100000617 superantigen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001967 tacrolimus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000011287 therapeutic dose Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001541 thymus gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010043778 thyroiditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Substances C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000588 tumorigenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000381 tumorigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002498 viral encephalitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K11/00—Depsipeptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K11/02—Depsipeptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof cyclic, e.g. valinomycins ; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
- C07K5/1002—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
- C07K5/1005—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
- C07K5/101—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. Val, Ile, Leu
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/50—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K7/54—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring
- C07K7/56—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring the cyclisation not occurring through 2,4-diamino-butanoic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
公开了具有结构(I)的缩肽及其同类物,其中,m、n、p、q、X、R1、R2和R3如本文定义。这些化合物,包括FR901228,具有作为例如免疫抑制剂的活性,以及用于预防和治疗患有以下疾病或有患这些疾病的危险的患者:炎性疾病、自身免疫病或与免疫系统相关的疾病,包括移植物抗宿主疾病;并用于提高移植以后移植物/组织存活。还提供了抑制淋巴细胞活化、增殖和/或抑制IL-2分泌的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及缩肽或其同类物,和它们作为免疫抑制剂的用途;更为具体地说,涉及通过给予动物有效量的缩肽如FR901228,治疗和/或预防免疫疾病如自身免疫病或炎性疾病,和减少移植物的免疫排斥。
发明背景
在很多情况下期望调节免疫系统,从抑制自身免疫应答,到控制传染病和抑制移植物/组织排斥。减轻排斥的主要途径是药理学上抑制受者的免疫系统。基于这种想法,大部分目前使用的免疫调节化合物是抑制免疫的。从20世纪60年代早期起,可得的免疫抑制剂仅限于少数药物。但是,在20世纪80年代早期,除了硫唑嘌呤和皮质类固醇以外,环孢菌素开始可以广泛得到,并从此成为选择的药物。(Kobashigawa,Trans.Proc.30:1095-1097,1998;Isoniemi,Ann.Chi.Gyn.86:164-170,1997)。但是,更新的免疫抑制剂数量相对较少,并还具有许多与较早的免疫抑制剂相关的不良副作用。这些药物已作为单一活性剂或与其它免疫抑制剂联合用于增加移植器官的存活时间,许多药物还用于治疗炎性疾病和自身免疫病、迟发型过敏反应、移植物抗宿主疾病和类似的与免疫系统有关的疾病。
目前使用的免疫抑制药包括抗增殖剂,如甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤和环磷酰胺。由于这些药物影响有丝分裂和细胞分裂,它们对具有高周转率的正常细胞如骨髓细胞和胃肠道衬细胞具有严重的毒性作用(Miller,Semin.Vet.Med.Surg.12(3):144-149,1997)。因此,骨髓抑制和肝损伤是常见的副作用。
用于诱导免疫抑制的抗炎化合物包括肾上腺皮质类固醇,如地塞米松和泼尼松龙。使用这些化合物观察到的常见的副作用为频繁的感染、异常代谢、高血压和糖尿病。
其它目前用于抑制淋巴细胞活化和随后的增殖的免疫抑制化合物包括环孢菌素、FK506和雷帕霉素。这些药物抑制钙依赖性磷酸酶钙调磷酸酶(环孢菌素和FK506)或抑制对于生长因子诱导的信号来说重要的p70S6激酶(雷帕霉素)。(Liu等,Cell(细胞)66:807-815,1991;Henderson等,Immun.(免疫学)73:316-321,1991;Bierer等,Curr.Opin.Immun.5:763-773,1993;Isoniemi(同上))。环孢菌素及其相关物是最常用的免疫抑制剂之一。环孢菌素代表性地用于预防或治疗肾、肝脏、心脏、胰腺、骨髓和心肺移植的器官排斥,以及用于治疗自身免疫病和炎性疾病如局限性回肠炎、再生障碍性贫血、多发性硬化,重症肌无力、眼色素层炎、胆汁性肝硬变等等。但是,环孢菌素的治疗剂量窗口小并有严重的毒性作用,包括肾毒性、肝毒性、高血压、多毛症、癌症和神经毒性(Philip和Gerson,临床实验医学(Clin.Lab.Med.)18(4):755-765,1998;Hojo等,Nature(自然)397:530-534,1999)。
此外,单克隆抗体,如OKT3已被用于预防和/或治疗移植物排斥。将单克隆抗体引入患者,与许多生物材料一样可导致严重的副作用,如寒战和呼吸困难。(Richards等,癌症研究(Cancer Res.)59(9):2096-2101,1999)。
在许多威胁生命的疾病中,器官移植被认为是一种标准治疗,且在许多情况下,仅有的选择只能是死亡。由主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)编码并存在于所有细胞上的对移植物上的外来细胞表面抗原的免疫应答,通常阻止组织和器官的成功移植,除非移植组织来自相容的供体且正常免疫应答受到抑制。除了单卵双胞胎以外,使用MHC相同的同胞供体或MHC相同的不相关的尸体供体来实现最好的相容性及移入物的长期存活(Strom,Clin.Asp.Autoimm.4:8-19,1990)。但是,这种理想的匹配是难以实现的。而且,随着供体器官需求的增加,目前移植器官的不足也增加。因此,异种移植成为深入研究的领域,但它面临许多与受体动物内的排斥有关的困难。(Kaufman等,免疫学年鉴(Annu.Rev.Immunol.)13:339-367,1995)。
宿主对器官同种异体移植物的应答涉及复杂的一系列T和B淋巴细胞以及巨噬细胞或识别外来抗原并被外来抗原激活的树突细胞之间的细胞相互作用(Strom,同上;细胞和分子免疫学(Cellular andMolecular Immunology),Abbas等(Eds.),WB Saunders Co.,Penn.,1994)。由活化的佐细胞(如巨噬细胞或树突细胞)提供的共同刺激因子(主要是细胞因子)和特异性细胞--细胞相互作用是T细胞增殖所必需的。这些巨噬细胞和树突细胞通过特异性粘附蛋白直接粘附在T细胞上,或者分泌刺激T细胞的细胞因子,如IL—12和IL-15(Strom,在:Organ Transplantation(器官移植):CurrentClinical and Immunological Concepts(当代临床和免疫学概念),1989)。来源于佐细胞的共同刺激信号刺激白细胞介素-2(IL-2)基因转录的活化和T细胞中高亲合力IL-2受体的表达(Pankewycz等,Transplantation(移植)47:318,1989;Cantrell等,科学(Science)224:1312,1991;Williams等,J.Immunol.(免疫学杂志)132:2330-2337,1984)。IL-2,一种15 kDa蛋白,是由T淋巴细胞在抗原刺激时分泌的,并且是正常免疫应答所需的。IL-2通过与IL-2特异性细胞表面受体(IL-2R)的结合刺激淋巴细胞增殖和分化。IL-2还引起辅助T细胞活化细胞毒性T细胞,并刺激干扰素-(IFN-)的分泌,其进而活化巨噬细胞的细胞杀伤性质(Farrar等,J.Immunol.(免疫学杂志)126:1120-1125,1981)。而且,IFN-和IL-4还是移植器官中的MHC II表达的重要活化剂,因而还通过增强移植器官的免疫原性而进一步扩展排斥级联(Pober等,实验医学杂志(J.Exp.Med.)157:1339,1983;Kelley等,免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)132:240-245,1984)。
目前T细胞介导的应答模型表明T细胞是在次级淋巴器官的T细胞区内,主要由树突细胞致敏的。最初的相互作用要求抗原呈递细胞(APCs)上的携带抗原的MHC分子与T细胞上的T细胞受体(TCR)/CD3复合物之间的细胞与细胞接触。TCR/CD3复合物的结合诱导主要在CD4T细胞上的CD 154表达,进而通过CD40结合活化APC,导致改善抗原呈递(Grewal等,免疫学年鉴(Ann.Rev Immunol.)16:111-135,1998)。这一部分是通过APC上CD80和CD86表达的上调而引起的,上述这两者都是T细胞上的重要的CD28共同刺激分子的配体。但是,CD40的结合还导致MHC-抗原复合物的表面表达延长,4-1 BB和OX-40(在活化T细胞上表达的有效的共同刺激分子)的配体的表达。而且,CD40结合导致各种细胞因子(如IL-12、IL-15、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6和IL-8)和趋化因子(如Rantes、MIP-la和MCP-1)的分泌,所有这些因子对APC和T细胞活化以及成熟均具有重要作用(Mackey等,白细胞生物学杂志(J.Leukoc.Biol.)63:418-428,1998)。
在自身免疫病,如I型糖尿病的发展过程中涉及类似的机理。在人和非肥胖糖尿病小鼠(NOD)中,胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(IDDM)是由随年龄强化的产生胰岛素的胰腺β细胞被自发性T细胞依赖性自身免疫破坏的结果。此过程是通过单核细胞,主要包括T淋巴细胞对胰岛的浸润(胰岛炎)而进行的(Bottazzo等,J.Engl.J.Med.113:353,1985;Miyazaki等,临床实验免疫学(Clin.Exp.Immunol.)60:622,1985)。自身攻击性T细胞和抑制型免疫现象之间的精密平衡决定自身免疫的表达是否限于胰岛炎或发展成IDDM。在NOD小鼠中(一种人类IDDM的模型),靶向作用于T细胞的治疗方案已成功地预防了IDDM(Makino人,实验动物(Exp.Anim.)29:1,1980)。这些方案包括新生儿胸腺切除术、服用环孢菌素和输入抗全T细胞、抗CD4或抗CD25(IL-2R)单克隆抗体(mAbs)(Tarui等,胰岛炎和I型糖尿病(Insulitis and Type I Diabetes).来自NOD小鼠的课程(Lessonsfrom the NOD Mouse),学术刊物(Academic Press),Tokyo,第143页,1986)。其它的模型包括代表性地用于自身免疫病和炎性疾病的模型,如多发性硬化(EAE模型)、类风湿性关节炎、移植物抗宿主疾病、系统性红斑狼疮(系统性自身免疫---NZBxNZWF1模型)之类等等(参见例如,Theofilopoulos和Dixon,免疫学进展(Adv.Immunol.)37:269-389,1985;Eisenberg等.免疫学杂志(J.Immlmol.)125:1032-1036,1980;Bonneville等,Nature(自然)344:163-165,1990;Dent等,自然(Nature)343:714-719,1990;Todd等,自然(Nature)351:542-547,1991;Watanabe等,生物化学遗传学(Biochem Genet.)29:325-335,1991;Morris等,临床免疫学和免疫病理学(Clin.Immunol.Immunopathol.)57:263-273,1990;Takahashi等,细胞(Cell)76:969-976,1994;最新免疫学方法(Current Protocols in Immunology),RichardCoico(Ed.),John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,第15章,1998)。
所有预防排斥和逆转自身免疫的策略的目标是抑制患者对抗原组织或试剂的免疫活性,同时具有最低的发病率和死亡率。因此,目前正使用或研究大量药物的免疫抑制性质。如以上所讨论,最常用的免疫抑制剂为环孢菌素,但使用环孢菌素具有许多副作用。因此,考虑到具有低毒性和可控制的副作用的有效免疫抑制剂的选择相对较少,现有技术需要找到可供选择的免疫抑制剂。本发明满足了这种需要并提供其它相关优点。
发明概述
其中,m、n、p、q、X、Y、R1、R2和R3如以下定义;包括这种化合物的药学上可接受的盐和立体异构体。
在另一个实施方案中,公开了具有以上结构(I)但排除了特定的已知的化合物(即FR901228)的新化合物。进一步的实施方案包括含有与药学上可接受的载体相结合的本发明化合物的组合物。
在本发明的方法的实施中,可以给予这些化合物以抑制患有自身免疫病、炎性疾病或移植物抗宿主疾病的动物的免疫应答,还可以给予曾经过同种异体移植或异种移植的动物。本发明的进一步的方法包括给予本发明的化合物以抑制淋巴细胞的增殖,通过在移植(包括同种异体和异种移植)过程之前、同时或之后给药以提高移植后的移植物存活,减少淋巴细胞分泌IL-2,抑制刺激后淋巴细胞上的CD25或CD154的诱导,和/或诱导活化T细胞的无反应性或细胞凋亡,同时保持总T细胞数。
本发明另一方面提供了通过给予动物一定剂量的结构(I)的化合物而诱导免疫系统对抗原的耐受性的方法。还提供了通过结构(I)的化合物的给药而减少TNF-α分泌和抑制进入S期之前的活化T细胞的细胞周期。
参考以下详细的说明,本发明的这些和其它方面将显而易见。为此目的,本文引用多种更为详细地描述特定背景信息、方法、化合物和/或组合物的参考文献,并且将其全部引入作为参考。
附图简要说明
图1为代表在用FR901228培养和用吸附抗CD3和抗CD28抗体的玻珠刺激之后,外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)增殖的剂量依赖性抑制作用的条形图。
图2为描述在用FR901228培养和用离子霉素/PMA刺激之后,外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)增殖的剂量依赖性抑制作用的条形图。
图3为描述在用FR901228培养和用吸附抗CD3和抗CD28抗体的玻珠刺激之后,CD4阳性T细胞增殖的剂量依赖性抑制作用的条形图。
图4为描述在用FR901228培养和用体外产生的同种异体树突细胞刺激之后,CD4阳性T细胞增殖的剂量依赖性抑制作用的条形图。
图5A-5D为描述在不同水平的FR901228存在下T细胞活化之后,(A)CD154表达、(B)CD25表达、(C)CD69表达和(D)细胞生存能力的流式细胞仪测定结果的条形图。
图6为描述在不同水平的FR901228存在下,用3×28玻珠刺激(抗CD3和抗CD28抗体结合的玻珠)T细胞后24小时,通过ELISA测得的IL-2表达的条形图。
图7为描述与不同时间点加入的FR901228相结合在3×28玻珠刺激或无刺激之后的第6天用CFDA-SE染色的CD4细胞的平均荧光强度的条形图。
图8A-8B为描述在FR901228(20ng/ml)存在或不存在下用3×28玻珠刺激或不刺激之后,(A)CD137w、CD154、CD25、CD62L和CD49d表达以及(B)CD11a、CD134、CD26、CD54、CD95和CD69表达的流式细胞仪测定结果的条形图。
图9为描述在以下处理之后的CD4细胞上CD 154表达的条形图:最初在20单位的IL-2存在下用3×28玻珠刺激,然后在第3-4天用3×28玻珠、20单位的IL-2、3×28玻珠w/20单位的IL-2刺激,或者不刺激并使用20ng/ml FR901228(在第三天加入)。
图10A-10B为描述在FR901228(20ng/ml)和环孢菌素(500ng/ml)存在下用3×28玻珠刺激之后,PBL细胞上清液中IL-2和TNF-α存在的条形图。
图11描述了在0、10、50和100ng/ml FR901228存在下用3×28玻珠刺激后24小时,在CD154启动子的控制下,由含有编码绿色荧光蛋白的核酸序列的载体稳定转染的Jurkat T细胞的流式细胞仪测量数据。
图12描述了在0、1、10、50和100ng/ml FR901228存在下不刺激或用3×28玻珠刺激24小时后,CD4 T细胞的细胞内DNA染色的流式细胞仪测量数据。
发明详述
如上所述,本发明涉及用于免疫抑制的化合物,具体是FR901228及其同类物。FR901228是一种从陆生细菌紫色杆菌(Chromobacterium violaceum)分离的缩肽。随后表明FR901228可以抑制Ha-ras转染小鼠的成纤维细胞(NIH-3T3)的转化。其中缬氨酸置换甘氨酸-12的突变ras蛋白能够诱导NIH-3T3细胞的形态学改变。在这些细胞中,转化的表型代表癌基因活化并与致瘤性增加相关。近来,已鉴定了大量的侯选药物和天然产物可以逆转这种表型,并因此逆转致瘤细胞系的转化。FR901228是在这种努力下已被鉴定的一种天然产物,并随后在动物模型中表现出高度活性。结果FR901228作为一种抗肿瘤剂已引起了相当的注意。
虽然未知FR901228活性的分子基础,但已假定其中的二硫键可能具有氧化还原控制的构象开关的功能,且细胞内的还原环境可能将此化合物转化成单环二硫酚形式(Khah等,美国化学学会会志(J.Am.Chem.Soc.)118:7237-7238,1996)。
在授予Fujisawa制药有限公司的美国专利4,977,138中公开了通过发酵法制备FR901228(在此引用其全部作为参考)。在此专利中,属于紫色杆菌属的细菌菌株WB968的发酵是在含有可同化的碳和氮源的营养培养基中和在有氧条件下进行的。在发酵完成之后,回收FR901228并用常规方法如通过溶剂萃取、层析或重结晶进行纯化。
除了分离作为天然产物的FR901228以外,目前已由Khan等(同上)报道这种化合物的总合成。此方法涉及14步处理,所得的FR901228的总收率为18%。简单地说,此合成首先涉及Carreira催化不对称醛醇缩合反应以得到含硫醇的β-羟酸。通过常规肽合成方法装配此化合物的肽部分。然后将含硫醇的β-羟酸偶联到肽部分,并通过酯(缩肽)键的形成产生单环。随后在将受保护的硫醇转化为二硫键时形成FR901228的双环系统。
包括其药学上可接受的盐和立体异构体,
其中,
m为1、2、3或4;
n为0、1、2或3;
p和q独立地为1或2;
X为O、NH或NR;
R1、R2和R3相同或不同,独立地为氨基酸侧链或氨基酸侧链衍生物;而
R为低级链烷基、芳基或芳基烷基。
本文所用的术语“氨基酸侧链”指任何存在于天然蛋白质上的氨基酸侧链,包括(但不限于)下表1鉴定的天然氨基酸侧链。本发明的其它天然侧链包括(但不限于)苯基甘氨酸、3,5-二溴酪氨酸、3,5-二碘酪氨酸、羟赖氨酸、萘基丙氨酸、噻吩基丙氨酸、-羧基谷氨酸、磷酸酪氨酸、磷酸丝氨酸和糖基化氨基酸(如糖基化丝氨酸、天冬酰胺和苏氨酸)的侧链。
表1
当氨基酸侧链为脯氨酸时,应该理解R1、R2或R3基团连接到相邻的氮原子上形成脯氨酸的吡咯烷基环。例如,在结构(I)的一个实施方案中,m、n、p和q为1,而R1基团可以为脯氨酸-也就是说,R1与相邻的氮原子一起形成以下结构(II)表示的吡咯烷基环:
除了天然的氨基酸侧链以外,本发明的氨基酸侧链还包括其各种衍生物。本文所用的“氨基酸侧链衍生物”包括天然的氨基酸侧链的修饰和/或变异,并包括其中R1、R2和/或R3通过双键或三键结合到结构(I)的双环上的实施方案。例如,一般可以将丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯基甘氨酸和苯基丙胺酸的氨基酸侧链总的归类为低级链烷基、芳基或芳烷基。氨基酸侧链衍生物包括其它直链或支链、环或非环、取代或非取代、饱和或不饱和低级链烷基、芳基或芳烷基。
本文所用的“低级链烷基”含有1-12个碳原子。“低级链芳基”含有6-12个碳原子,而“低级链芳烷基”含有7-12个碳原子。因此,在一个实施方案中,氨基酸侧链衍生物选自C1-12烷基、C6-12芳基和C7-12芳烷基,而在更优选的实施方案中,选自C1-7烷基、C6-10芳基和C7-11芳烷基。
当结构(I)所述的R1、R2和R3通过双键或三键结合时,代表性的实施方案包括结构(III)的化合物,其中,R2通过双键结合:
在结构(III)的一个实施方案中,R2为不饱和低级链烷基,如=CHCH3、=CHCH2CH3等等。在FR901288中,结构(III)的R2为=CHCH3,m、n、p、q各为1,X为氧,而且存在可选择的双键(且为反式构型)。
本发明的氨基酸侧链衍生物还包括低级链烷基、芳基和芳烷基的取代的衍生物,其中,取代基选自(但不限于)一种或多种以下化学基团:-OH、-OR、-COOH、-COOR、-CONH2、-NH2、-NHR、-NRR、-SH、-SR、-SO2R、-SO2H、-SOR、-PO3R、-OPO3R和卤素(包括F、Cl、Br和I),其中,R在每种情况下独立地选自低级链烷基、芳基或芳烷基。此外,本发明的环状低级链烷基、芳基和芳烷基包括萘,以及杂环化合物如噻吩、吡咯、呋喃、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、吡唑、3-吡咯啉、吡咯烷、吡啶、嘧啶、嘌呤、喹啉、异喹啉和咔唑。氨基酸侧链衍生物还包括低级链烷基和芳烷基的烷基部分的杂烷基衍生物,包括(但不限于)烷基和芳烷基膦酸酯和硅烷。
关于结构(I)的p和q,应该理解为可以通过加入一个(即当p或q为2时)或两个(即当p和q均为2时)氨基酸来增加环的肽部分的大小。例如,当p为2而q为1(和X为氧)时,本发明的化合物包括以下结构(IV)的化合物:
在以上的结构(IV)中,对应于结构(I)的R1基团的氨基酸侧链部分在第一种情况下表示为R1’,而在第二种情况下为R1″(由于在此实施方案中,p为2),以阐明这些氨基酸侧链部分可以是相同或不同的。在另外的实施方案中,p为1而q为2,或者p和q均为2。
在结构(I)中,
代表可选择的双键。当双键存在时,它可以是顺式或反式构型。在一个实施方案中,双链为反式构型,如在FR901288中。
依据所X和Y的选择,本发明的化合物包括酯(在X为氧时)和酰胺(在X为NH或NR时)。例如,当p和q均为1时,本发明的代表性化合物包括分别以结构(VI)和(VII)表示的酯和酰胺:可以根据以下反应路线1制备本发明的化合物:反应路线1 步骤(1)
在步骤(1)中,通过Kahn等在美国化学学会会志(J.Am.chem.Soc.)118:7237-7238,1996所述的三步法,由二烯酸酯(dienoate)1(其中,n=1、2或3)制备醛2。通过Ti-(IV)-催化将O-苄基、O-TMS乙烯酮缩二乙醇加成至醛2(其中,R’=H而R″=OH,或R’=OH而R″=H)而形成苄酯3。用在MeOH/H2O中的LiOH水解苄酯3得到羟酸4。
在步骤(2)中,通过常规肽合成技术,从适宜的氨基酸甲酯5开始,制备此化合物的肽部分。使用BOP试剂使甲酯5与N保护的氨基酸反应得到二肽6,然后当m为1时将其偶联到N-Fmoc-半胱氨酸-(S-三苯基甲基)上,或者当m为2时将其偶联到N-Fmoc-半胱氨酸-(S-三苯基甲基)的类似物上,得到三肽7。然后将三肽7转化成N保护的四肽8,接着将FMOC基团去保护,得到四肽9。在以上的反应路线中,R1、R2和R3相同或不同,独立地代表上述的氨基酸侧链或其衍生物。应该认识到,上述技术对应于当p和q都为1时的结构(I)的化合物的合成。在p和/或q之一或二者为2的实施方案中,上述技术用于将一个或两个另外的氨基酸基团引入此化合物的肽部分。
步骤(3)
在步骤(3)中,用BOP和DIEA将四肽9与羟酸4偶联得到羟甲基酯10。将甲酯10通过LiOH介导的水解得到对应的羧酸,然后通过用DEAD和PPh3的环化而将此羧酸转化为单环内酯中间体11。最后,用在稀MeOH溶液中的碘氧化双(S-三苯基甲基)内酯11得到具有结构(I)的本发明化合物。
或者,本发明化合物还可以通过以下技术合成:
替代步骤(1)
在此实施方案中,通过上述步骤制备化合物4,然后在上面的步骤(3)中将其加到步骤(2)制备的肽部分。如前述将所得的中间体环化得到结构(I)的化合物。
在X为NH或NR的情况下,可以分别制备这些化合物,此时化合物4的R’或R″分别为NH或NHR。此外,当结构(I)的可选择的双键不存在时,可以应用相同的反应技术,但使用对应的饱和中间体。
本发明的化合物还包括酸加成盐,它可以通过本领域已知的方法制备,并可以由有机和无机酸形成。适宜的有机酸包括马来酸、富马酸、苯甲酸、抗坏血酸、琥珀酸、甲磺酸、乙酸、三氟醋酸、草酸、丙酸、酒石酸、水杨酸、柠檬酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、杏仁酸、肉桂酸、天门冬氨酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、乙醇酸、谷氨酸和苯磺酸。适宜的无机酸包括盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸和硝酸。本文所用的术语结构(I)的“药学上可接受的盐”意指包括任何和所有适宜的盐形式。
关于立体异构体,结构(I)的化合物可以具有手性中心,并可能以外消旋体、外消旋混合物和单独的旋光对映体或非对映体存在。所有这些异构形式,包括它们的混合物,都包含在本发明的范围内。而且,结构(I)的化合物的某些结晶形式可能作为多晶型物存在,它们也在本发明的范围内。此外,某些结构(I)的化合物还可以与水或其它有机溶剂形成溶剂化物。同样地这些溶剂化物也包含在本发明的保护范围内。
本发明涉及结构(I)的化合物用于治疗和/或预防动物受试者(优选哺乳动物,更优选人)免疫应答或免疫介导的应答和疾病中的用途,如预防或治疗移植后的排斥,这种移植是移植合成或器官移植物、细胞、器官或组织以代替所有或部分组织功能,如心脏、肾脏、肝脏、骨髓、皮肤、角膜、血管、肺、胰腺、肠、四肢、肌肉、神经组织、十二指肠、小肠、胰岛细胞,包括异种移植等;用于治疗或预防移植物抗宿主疾病、自身免疫病,如类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、甲状腺炎、桥本氏甲状腺炎、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、I型糖尿病眼色素层炎、青少年起病型或近期起病型糖尿病、眼色素层炎、格雷夫斯病、牛皮癣、特应性皮炎、局限性回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、脉管炎、自身抗体介导的疾病、再生障碍性贫血、埃文斯综合症、自身免疫性溶血性贫血等等;还用于治疗导致异常免疫应答和/或活化的传染病,如创伤性或病原体诱导的免疫失调,包括例如,由乙型和丙型肝炎感染、金黄色葡萄球菌感染、病毒性脑炎、脓毒症、寄生虫病导致的免疫失调,其中损害是由炎症反应诱导的(如麻风);和用于预防或治疗循环疾病,如动脉硬化、动脉粥样硬化、脉管炎、多动脉炎和心肌炎。此外,本发明还可以用于预防/抑制与基因治疗(如将外源基因引入自体细胞并表达编码产物)有关的免疫应答。
本文所用的“免疫应答”指机体对外来或自身抗原的反应,以将它们中和和/或消灭。细胞介导的免疫应答涉及胸腺对与抗原接触作出反应产生淋巴细胞(T细胞)。这种反应在迟发型过敏反应,组织移植的排斥和某些传染病中是重要的。在体液免疫应答中,对抗原接触的反应是产生浆细胞(B细胞),并随后形成抗体。这种应答可以产生免疫或过敏。非特异性免疫应答或炎症是机体组织和细胞对任何来源的损伤(如外伤、生物、化学、局部缺血等)的应答。免疫系统对任何攻击的最初应答涉及血管、化学和血细胞活性。当炎症不足以对付损伤或生物或药剂的侵入时,需要进行特异性免疫应答。它是由T和B细胞指导和控制的。细胞免疫指T细胞应答;体液免疫是先前用于指B细胞应答的术语。此外,本文所指的CD4或CD8细胞等意指对CD4或CD8细胞表面标记阳性的细胞。
进一步的应用可以包括治疗和/或预防:免疫介导疾病的炎性和过度增殖性皮肤病以及皮肤症状,如脂溢性皮炎、血管性水肿、红斑、痤疮和斑形脱发;各种眼病(自身免疫性和其它);变态反应,如花粉变态反应,可逆性阻塞性气道疾病,其包括如下病症:如哮喘(例如支气管哮喘、变应性哮喘、内源性哮喘、外源性哮喘和粉尘性哮喘),特别是慢性或慢性顽固性哮喘(例如晚期哮喘和气道过度反应)、支气管炎、变应性鼻炎等等;粘膜和血管炎症;某些病毒感染的活性,如巨细胞病毒感染和Epstein-Barr病毒感染。
在一个实施方案中,提供了一种用于治疗动物病症的方法,其通过减少淋巴细胞增殖和/或活化(如下调CD25和/或CD154)而进行或帮助治疗,包括服用有效量的结构(I)的化合物。提供了治疗动物病症的方法,其通过抑制淋巴细胞增殖和/或抑制活化标记(如CD25和CD154)和抑制免疫功能帮助治疗,其中,所述病症可以是自身免疫、炎症、移植物/组织排斥,或者包括许多如本文所述的由免疫诱导的或加剧的适应证中的任一种。
因此,本发明的一个实施方案是一种用于治疗自身免疫病的方法。而本发明的另一个实施方案是用于预防或治疗外来器官移植物的排斥的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗的患者治疗有效量的本发明的化合物。
如上述,目前环孢菌素是用于防止移植器官排斥的主要药物。此药物通过抑制淋巴细胞中的钙调磷酸酶的功能而起作用,从而防止机体免疫系统调动其大量的天然保护剂来排斥移植物的外源蛋白。虽然环孢菌素有效地对抗移植物排斥,但它具有肾毒性,并已知会导致一些不良的副作用,包括肾衰、肝功异常能、胃肠不适和诱发癌症(Hojo等,自然(Nature)397:530-534,1999)。
在本领域中一直在寻找具有较少副作用的更新、更安全的药物。本发明提供了这样的免疫抑制剂,在不拘泥于具体的作用机理下,它似乎诱导持久的免疫耐受性。FR901228可使CD4 T细胞部分活化(如诱导CD69,但减少CD25、CD137w、CDl1a、CD 134、CD54、CD95和CD154表面表达,以及减少IL-2和/或TNF-α产生)。
在FR901228存在下活化的CD4T细胞不经历活化诱导的细胞死亡(AICD),但是它们随后在体外经历细胞凋亡,最有可能是因为它们缺乏IL-2分泌和/或IL-2-受体刺激。而且,用FR901228类化合物,如在结构(I)中所述的化合物处理预先活化的CD4和CD8T细胞,可抑制这些细胞的生长并在短时间内导致细胞凋亡,而其它的T细胞明显不受影响。在应答的T细胞中诱导细胞凋亡不仅消除了活化T细胞,而且诱导了长期免疫耐受状态(Ferguson和Green,Nature Med.(自然医学)5(11):1231-1232,1999)。未能很好地认识这种特异性耐受的原因。然而,在移植前在FR901228存在下,用非分裂供体细胞(如树突细胞或经照射的外周血淋巴细胞)免疫可在FR901228不再存在的情况下,很好地赋予宿主对进一步的宿主抗移植应答的特异的耐受性。
本文所用的术语“耐受性”指免疫系统对能与其反应的抗原的不应答状态。在不打算拘泥于特定机理的情况下,认为耐受性是由本发明的化合物通过诱导活化T细胞的细胞凋亡而导致的。例如,如果T细胞被抗原活化,然后经历细胞凋亡,则随后将不会发生针对此抗原的免疫应答。可以用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法和模型测试具体化合物引起的耐受性。在一个实施例中,可以测试在本发明化合物存在下抗原的初级和次级刺激。简单地说,用抗原接种动物,然后用此化合物接种,大约2周后,可以在无此化合物的情况下用相同的抗原接种此动物并测定次级免疫应答。相应地,可以通过简单血液分析来测定初级和任何次级应答。样本不显示次级免疫应答表明由免疫抑制化合物导致了耐受性。而且可以用常规体外试验来测定T细胞活化,如CTL测定或IL-2分泌试验。
除了诱导细胞凋亡以外,用多种刺激,包括CD3和CD28的共同结合,离子霉素/佛波醇肉豆蔻酸酯(PMA)刺激,和同种异体树突细胞刺激诱导的CD4和CD8 T细胞,当与刺激同时或刺激之后用FR901228处理时,表现出生长抑制。因此,这种组合物比在活化级联早期抑制CD4 T细胞的药物如环孢菌素有了大大的改进。它使在环孢菌素存在下活化的CD4 T细胞成为实际上的幼稚细胞或非活化细胞,这些细胞不经历细胞凋亡。因此,当环孢菌素治疗终止时,受抑制的免疫应答将重新发展。换句话说,如果CD4细胞在本发明化合物存在下处于活化状态,则这些细胞将经历细胞凋亡,并因此具有对抗原的长久耐受性;而当用环孢菌素处理这些相同的细胞时,仅在环孢菌素仍然存在时抑制免疫应答。
而且,FR901228免疫抑制导致仅在活化T细胞中引起无反应性和/或细胞凋亡;因此,T细胞和其它造血细胞的总水平维持不变。相比之下,环孢菌素和FK506阻断了最早的T细胞活化的发生,从而阻止T细胞进入对细胞凋亡诱导敏感的状态。
FR901228具有许多有助于其用作有效的免疫抑制剂的能力的特征。因此,包括FR901228的在结构(I)中所述的此类化合物可能具有一个或多个以下特征:抑制由CD3和CD28结合、离子霉素/PMA或同种异体树突细胞诱导的CD4和CD8 T细胞生长;抑制初始活化后加入的CD4和/或CD8 T细胞正在进行的生长;抑制用于CD3/CD28结合和IL-2刺激的信号转导途径;抑制在CD4 T细胞上CD25、CD134、CD137w、CD154、CDlla、CD54和CD95的诱导;不显著影响CD69诱导或活化诱导的CD62L下调;减少外周血淋巴细胞分泌IL-2;减少外周血淋巴细胞分泌TNF-α;抑制活化T细胞进入S期之前的细胞周期;抑制活化T细胞中的p21cip/waf和C/EPB-α诱导;抑制活化T细胞中的c-myc表达;抑制IL-2诱导的活化T细胞的增殖;和在转录水平抑制CD 154。此外,FR901228不影响大多数磷酸化作用,这由磷酸酪氨酸蛋白质印迹测得。因此,这些观察结果表明结构(I)的化合物在许多点上影响T细胞活化途径,从而使活化进入早期如磷酸化阶段,但阻止随后的活化和增殖的发生。
为了确定一种具体的化合物是否为有效的免疫抑制剂,可以运用本领域已知的多种方法。在这方面,可以在与刺激同时或在刺激之后使淋巴细胞与所感兴趣的化合物接触以后,测定其增殖和/或活化。例如,T细胞活化和随后的增殖诱导(以及作为炎症的起始物)的关键标记是产生IL-2、IFN-γ、CD25、CD69或CD154,它们可以由各种方法测得,包括ELISA和流式细胞仪。还可以使用其它常用于测定细胞增殖和细胞因子分泌的实验方法,包括使用碘化丙锭染色的比色试验,MTT(3-[4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基],2-5-二苯基溴化四唑鎓),活体染色法,CFDA-SE(5-和6)-羧基荧光素二乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯),细胞计数,溴脱氧尿苷掺入或胸苷掺入试验(参见如Avian Dis.43(2):172-181,1999;Anticancer Res.(抗癌研究)17(1B):725-728,1997;Geller.Scand.J.Immunol.(免疫学杂志)35:327-334,1992;Levine等,Int.J.Immun.(国际免疫学杂志)7(6):891-904,1995;Hara等,J.Exp.Med.(实验医学杂志)161:1513-1524,1985;Harding等,Nature(自然)356:607-609,1992;Linsley等,Science(科学)257:792-795,1992;PCT公开号WO 95/33823)。
活化淋巴细胞和因此刺激淋巴细胞增殖的方法在本领域中是已知的,所述方法包括在IL-2存在或不存在下采用植物凝集素(PHA)、伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)、抗CD3抗体(在抗CD28抗体存在或不存在下)、同种异体细胞、超抗原或离子霉素/PMA进行刺激(Paul,基础免疫学(Fundamental Immunology),第4版,Lippincott-Raven,1998)。
有多种体外和动物模型用于测试和验证本发明免疫抑制化合物及其对特定的与免疫系统相关的疾病或适应证的适用性。因此,本领域普通技术人员可以容易地从本领现有的模型中选择适宜的模型。这些模型包括使用NOD小鼠,其中IDDM是由随年龄而强化的产生胰岛素的胰腺β细胞被自发性T细胞依赖性自身免疫性破坏造成的(Bottazzo等,JEngl.J.Med 113:353,1985;Miyazaki等,临时实验免疫学(Clin.Exp.Immunol.)60:622.1985)。在NOD小鼠,人类IDDM的模型中,靶向作用于T细胞的治疗策略已成功地预防了IDDM(Makino等,实验动物,(Exp.Anim.)29:1,1980)。这些策略包括新生儿胸腺切除术、服用环孢菌素和输入抗全T细胞、抗CD4或抗CD25(IL-2R)单克隆抗体(mAbs)(Tarui等,胰岛炎和I型糖尿病(Insulitis andType I Diabetes).来自NOD小鼠的课程(Lessons from the NODMouse),Academic Press,Tokyo,第143页,1986)。其它的模型包括代表性地用于自身免疫病和炎性疾病的模型,如多发性硬化(EAE模型)、类风湿性关节炎、移植物抗宿主疾病(用于研究移植物排斥的用皮肤移植、心脏移植、胰岛移植、大肠和小肠移植等等的移植模型)、哮喘模型、系统性红斑狼疮(系统性自身免疫---NZBxNZWF1模型)等等(参见例如,Takakura等.Exp.Hematol.(实验血液学)27(12):1815-821,1999;Hu等,Immunology(免疫学)98(3):379-385.1999;Blyth等,美国呼吸细胞分子生物学杂志(Am.J.Respir.CellMol.Biol.)14(5):425-438.1996;Theofilopoulos和Dixon,Adv.Immunol.(免疫学进展)37:269-389,1985;Eisenberg等,J.Immunol.(免疫学杂志)125:1032-1036,1980;Bonneville等.,Nature(自然)344:163-165,1990;Dent等,Nature(自然)343:714-719,1990;Todd等,Nature(自然)351:542-547,1991;Watanabe等,Biochem Genet.(生物化学遗传学)29:325-335,1991;Morris等,Clin.Immunol.Immunopathol.(临床免疫学免疫病理学)57:263-273,1990;Takahashi等,Cell(细胞)76:969-976,1994;Current Protocols in Immunology(最新免疫学方法),Richard Coico(Ed.),John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,第15章,1998)。
需要治疗以抑制免疫系统的受试者包括患有自身免疫病的受试者;接受移植的受试者;和患有心血管疾病的受试者;患有变态反应的受试者;和患有外伤或病原诱导的免疫失调的受试者。自身免疫病的实例包括胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、哮喘、牛皮癣、溃疡性结肠炎、局限性回肠炎、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、系统性红斑狼疮以及上述的其它疾病。接受器官或细胞/组织移植的受试者还需要抑制免疫系统的治疗,以抑制或防止器官移植排斥。“器官移植”指将内部器官(如心脏、肺、肾脏、肝脏、胰腺、胃、大肠和小肠以及骨髓)或外部器官(如皮肤)从供体“转移(transferring)”或“移植(transplanting)”到受体,其中,供体的基因不同于接受移植的个体或动物。“器官移植”还包括跨种移植(即异种移植)。
“有效量”是实现预期治疗和/或预防效果所需的化合物的剂量;例如引起个体或动物的原初或记忆免疫应答,或抑制受试者器官移植排斥的化合物的剂量。“预期治疗效果和/或预防效果”包括例如对患有或可能患有自身免疫病的个体或动物延长寿命或改善症状,所述自身免疫病如哮喘、牛皮癣、溃疡性结肠炎、类风湿性关节炎,多发性硬化,系统性红斑狼疮等等。可以改善的症状的实例包括:糖尿病中的高血糖;关节痛;类风湿性关节炎中的僵直和不动症;多发性硬化中的麻痹;和系统性红斑狼疮中的皮疹和皮肤损害。在胰岛素依赖型糖尿病方面,“预期治疗或预防效果”包括减轻或预防由疾病导致的继发性并发症,如血管疾病。适宜的剂量将取决于受试者的年龄、健康和体重、疾病的程度、同时进行的治疗的种类(如果有的话),治疗频率和预期效果的性质。例如,剂量可以从约0.001到100毫克/天。通常,一次或分多次应用0.1-50毫克/天可以有效获得预期结果。在某些实施方案中,可以调整剂量以维持未活化T细胞,而基本上仅使活化T细胞细胞凋亡、无反应性和/或暂时的功能性无应答(即维持T细胞的总水平和/或其它分裂细胞)。在其它实施方案中,缩肽治疗实现了免疫抑制效果;而在其它实施方案中,所用的剂量并不影响造血细胞分裂;在其它实施方案中,总的来说剂量基本上不影响细胞分裂。但是,在临床试验中可以用本领域可获得的常规试验方法,容易地确定有效剂量范围。这些剂量是用于预防或治疗自身免疫病,预防或治疗外来移植物排斥和/或相关的痛苦、疾病和病症的有效量。
“受试者”优选为哺乳动物如人,但还可以是需要兽医治疗的动物,如家养动物(如狗、猫等等)、农场动物(如牛、羊、猪、马、鸡等等)和实验室动物(如大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠等等)。
所述化合物可以单独给药或与其它药学活性剂联合给药,如与其它免疫抑制剂或与抗生素和/或抗病毒剂一起给药。可以同时给药的化合物包括类固醇(如甲基泼尼松龙乙酸酯)、NSAIDs和其它已知的免疫抑制剂,例如硫唑嘌呤、15-脱氧精胍菌素、环孢菌素、咪唑立宾、霉酚酸莫非替克、布喹那钠、来氟米物、FK-506、雷帕霉素和相关化合物。这些药物的剂量也取决于治疗的条件和个体而变化。
可以通过适宜的途径,以单剂或多剂对有效量的所述化合物进行给药。
药学上可接受的盐包括金属(无机)盐和有机盐,在Remington’sPharmaceutical Science,第17版,第1418页(1985)中给出了这些物质的清单。本领域技术人员熟知可以根据物理和化学稳定性、流动性、吸水性和溶解度来选择适宜的盐形式。本领域技术人员可以理解的药学上可接受的盐包括但不限于无机酸盐,如盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、二磷酸盐、氢溴酸盐和硝酸盐;或者有机酸盐,如苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、延胡索酸盐、酒石酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙酸盐、乳酸盐、甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐或棕榈酸盐、水杨酸盐和硬脂酸盐。类似地,药学上可接受的阳离子包括但不限于钠、钾、钙、铝、锂和铵(尤其是具有仲胺的铵盐)。由于上述原因而优选的本发明的盐包括钾盐、钠盐、钙盐和铵盐。本发明的保护范围还包括本发明化合物的立体异构体、晶形、水合物和溶剂化物。
作为免疫抑制剂,这些化合物用于治疗自身免疫病,预防外来器官移植排斥和/或相关的痛苦、疾病和病症。
根据本发明,可以通过任何使活性成分化合物与温血动物身体上的作用部位进行接触的方法给予本发明化合物,以用于治疗自身免疫病,预防外来器官移植排斥和/或相关的痛苦、疾病和病症。例如,可以通过口服、局部给药,包括透皮、眼、口腔、鼻内、吸入、阴道内、直肠、脑室内和肠道外给药。本文所用的术语“肠道外”是指包括皮下、静脉内、肌内、关节内注射或输注、胸腔内或腹膜内给药。
可以通过任何常规的与药剂结合使用的方法,将所述化合物作为单独的治疗剂或与治疗剂组合进行给药。它们可以单独给药,但一般与药学载体一起给药,这些载体根据所选择的给药途径和常规药学实践进行选择。
活性成分可以以下列形式口服给药:固体剂型,如胶囊、片剂、锭剂、糖衣丸、颗粒剂和粉剂;或液体剂型,如酏剂、糖浆、乳剂、分散体和悬浮液(参见例如Chan等,Invest.New Drugs(新药研究)15:195-206,1997,demonstrating the bioavailability of oraldosages of FR901228(证明FR901228口服剂量的生物利用度))。活性成分还可以以下列形式肠道外给药:无菌液体剂型,如分散体、悬浮液或溶液。还可以使用其它剂型进行这种活性成分的给药,如作为用于局部给药的软膏、乳膏、滴剂、透皮贴片或粉剂,作为用于眼睛给药的眼用溶液或悬浮液构成物,即眼用溶液滴剂,作为用于吸入或鼻内给药的气雾剂或粉剂组合物,或作为用于直肠或阴道给药的乳膏、软膏、喷雾剂或栓剂。
明胶胶囊含有活性成分和粉状载体,如乳糖、淀粉、纤维素衍生物、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸等等。可以用类似的稀释剂制成压片。片剂和胶囊都可以制成缓释产物在数小时内持续释放药物。可以将压片进行糖包衣或薄膜包衣以掩盖任何不适的味道和保护片剂免受空气影响,或者进行肠包衣使片剂选择性在在胃肠道中崩解。
用于口服给药的液体剂型可以含有着色剂和调味剂使患者更能接受。
一般来说,水、适宜的油、盐水、右旋糖(葡萄糖)水溶液和相关的糖溶液与二醇如(丙二醇或聚乙二醇)是适宜用于肠道外溶液的载体。用于肠道外给药的溶液优选包含活性成分的水溶性盐,适宜的稳定剂,如需要还包含缓冲物。单独或组合使用的抗氧化剂如酸式亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠或抗坏血酸是适宜的稳定剂。还使用柠檬酸及其盐和乙二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA)。此外,肠道外溶液可以包含防腐剂,如氯苄烷铵、羟苯甲酸甲酯或对羟苯甲酸丙酯和氯代丁醇。在某些实施方案中,可以通过使用2ml含20%乙醇的丙二醇溶液,稀释10mg冻干的缩肽和20mg聚维酮来制备组合物。然后再用0.9%氯化钠注射液将所得溶液进一步稀释至最终药物浓度在0.02-5.0mg/ml范围内。
为进行吸入给药,可以以加压包装或喷雾器喷出的气雾剂形式方便地给予本发明的化合物。还可以以配制成的粉剂给予此化合物,这种粉剂组合物可以在吹入式粉剂吸入器装置的帮助下被受治疗者吸入。用于吸入的优选的投药系统为剂量量化的吸入(MDI)气雾剂,可以将它配制成在适宜推进剂如碳氟化合物或碳氢化合物中的本发明化合物的悬浮液或溶液。
为进行眼睛给药,可以用在适宜眼用赋形剂中的本发明化合物的适宜重量百分比的溶液或悬浮液配制眼用制剂,以使此化合物保持与眼表面接触充足的时间以治疗粘膜表面或透过角膜或眼睛的内部区域。
将本发明化合物分步给药或与其它治疗剂联合给药的时候一般可使用相同的剂型。
当以物理联合给药时,应根据联合药物的相容性选择剂型和给药途径。因此,术语共同给药应理解为包括同时或依次给予两种药剂,或者可作为两种活性成分的固定剂量的联合。
由此可见,虽然为了举例说明,本文描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但可以在不背离本发明的构思和保护范围的情况下进行各种改动。因此,除了由所附的权利要求限定之外,本发明未被限定。而且,本文涉及的所有的专利、专利申请、期刊论文和参考文献整体引入作为参考。
实施例
实施例I
细胞生长和制备
从人血液中分离的细胞在X-vivo培养基(Biowhittaker Inc.,Walkersville,MD)中生长,并依赖于补充或不补充20U/mlIL-2(Boehringer Mannheim,Indianapolis,IN),和补充5%人血清(Biowhittaker)、2mM谷氨酰胺(Life Technologies,Rockville,MD)和20mM HEPES(Life Technology)。Jurkat E6-1细胞(ATCC,Manassas,VA)在补充10%胎牛血清(FBS)(Biowhittaker)、2mM谷氨酰胺(Life Technologies)、2mM青霉素(Life Technologies.)和2mM链霉素(Life Technologies)的RPMI 1640(Life Technologies)中生长。
从健康人志愿供体获得血沉棕黄层(American Red Cross,Portland,OR)。根据制造商的使用说明,使用淋巴细胞分离培养基(ICN Pharmaceuticals,Costa Mesa,CA),获得外周血单核细胞(PBMC)。
通过在培养瓶(Costar,Pittsburgh.PA)中培养或与未包被的Dynabeads(Dynal,Oslo,Norway),1×108细胞/ml,2玻珠/细胞,37℃下温育2小时,从PBMC部分获得周围血淋巴细胞(PBL)。单核细胞和巨噬细胞通过粘附在培养瓶上被除去,或者按照制造商(Dynal)说明通过吞噬顺磁性玻珠被磁性细胞分离法除去。通过在108细胞/ml、4℃的条件下,与10μg/ml抗CD8(克隆G10-1),抗CD20(克隆IF5),抗CD 14(克隆F13)和抗CD16(Coulter)单克隆抗体温育20分钟,从PBL部分纯化CD4细胞。洗涤后,采用羊抗小鼠Ig偶联的dynabeads(106细胞/ml,6玻珠/细胞,4℃下20分钟)和磁性细胞分离两次纯化细胞。由流式细胞仪测得的CD4细胞的纯度一般为91-95%。
由粘附到培养瓶(Costar)上的PBMC产生树突细胞,条件为108细胞/ml,2小时,37℃(不含Dynabeads)。在彻底清洗之后,在含有500U/ml GM-CSF(Boehringer-Mannheim)和12.5U/ml IL-4(Boehringer-Mannheim)的培养基中将贴壁细胞培养7天。所得的细胞群粘附性弱并表达树突细胞特征性的表面标记(HLA-DR、CD86、CD83、CDllc阳性,而CD4阴性)。(注:所有的抗体购自BectonDickinson,CA)。
抗CD3 mAb(OKT3)可以购自Ortho Biotec.,(Raritan,NJ)而抗CD28 mAb(9.3)可以购自Bristol-Myers Squibb,(Stamford,Conn.)。
实施例II
T细胞刺激及其测定
通过三种不同的方法刺激细胞:1)根据制造商(Dynal)使用说明共价偶联抗CD3(OKT-3)和抗CD28(9.3)抗体的Dynabeads(M450)(3×28玻珠),3玻珠/细胞,2)离子霉素(Calbiochem,LaJolla,CA)(100ng/ml)和佛波醇12-肉豆蔻酸酯-13-乙酸酯(PMA)(Calbiochem)(10ng/ml),3)同种异体树突细胞(25,000树突细胞/200,000 CD4细胞)。在1×106细胞/ml的浓度下刺激所有的细胞。在如上述刺激前用结构(I)的化合物(如FR901228)(NCI,Bethesda,MD)与细胞温育1-2小时。以一式四份在96孔平底板上进行增殖试验。在2001的终体积中以1×106细胞/ml的浓度刺激细胞。在第3天(刺激方法1和2)和第6天(刺激方法3)通过MTT试验(MTT试验试剂盒,Chemicon International Inc.,Temecula,CA)测定增殖,结果表示为一式四份的平均值。用3×28玻珠、离子霉素/PMA或同种异体树突细胞刺激PBL培养物或纯化的CD4细胞培养物。如图1-4所示,低至10ng/ml FR901228的浓度完全抑制用3×28玻珠或离子霉素/PMA刺激的CD4细胞的增殖。而1ng/ml FR901228或更小的浓度没有明显的效果(这些实验是在刺激前与FR901228温育2小时而进行的)。有趣的是,由同种异体树突细胞诱导的增殖被低至1ng/ml浓度的FR901228明显抑制。而且,根据sub-G1 DNA测定和细胞膜完整性(图5D)的评价FR901228不影响更高的细胞存活率。FR901228无细胞毒性与以下描述的结果一致:Byrd等,Blood(血液)94(4):1401-1408,1999;Bates等,Clinical Pharmacology(临床药理学),Programsand Proceedings of American Society of Clinical Oncology(美国临床肿瘤学协会项目和会报),文摘693,1999;和Chassaing等,J.Chrmatogr.B 719:169-176,1998。
生长和活化方案与上述相同。
实施例III
活化标记测定
研究FR901228诱导CD4细胞上各种活化标记的作用。在这方面,用一种或多种以下抗体标记细胞:抗人CD4抗体(Immunotech.Fullerton,CA)、FITC偶联的抗人CD 11a抗体(Pharmingen)、FITC偶联的抗人CD26抗体(Pharmingen)、FITC偶联的抗人CD49d抗体(Coulter)、FITC偶联的抗人CD54抗体(Pharmingen和BectonDickinson)、FITC偶联的抗人CD95抗体(Pharmingen)、FITC偶联的抗人CD134抗体(Pharmingen)、FITC偶联的抗人CD25抗体(BectonDickinson,Fullerton,CA)、FITC偶联的抗人CD69抗体(BectonDickinson)、FITC-或PE偶联的抗人CD 154抗体(Becton Dickinson)或者FITC-或PE偶联的IgG1同型对照抗体。4℃下用2μl的各种抗体将2×105细胞标记20分钟,最终体积为30μl,洗涤细胞并将其重悬于1%低聚甲醛(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)。有趣的是,浓度低至10ng/ml的FR901228强烈抑制3×28玻珠刺激以后的CD25和CD154表达(图SA和5B)。相比之下,CD69诱导不受100ng/ml FR901228的影响(图5C)。此外,图8A-8B证明了CD4 T细胞上CD25、CD134、CD137w、CD154、CDlla、CD54和CD95诱导的抑制,而对于CD69活导或活化诱导的CD62L下调没有显著影响(图8A-8B)。这表明FR901228产生了特异的,但不完全的近CD4细胞活化的抑制作用。而且,采用标准流式细胞仪方法(参见Dengler等.Anticancer Drugs.(抗癌药物)6(4):522-532,1995),通过碘化丙锭(PI)排除测得,浓度高达100ng/ml的FR901228不显著影响更高的细胞存活率。
FR901228抑制不能被离子霉素/PMA活化迂回,这表明FR901228抑制是处在CD3刺激CD4细胞之后很快观察到的细胞内的钙上升的下游。
实施例IV
IL-2和TNF测定
如上述制备细胞。根据制造商(Biosource International,Sunnyvale,CA)的使用说明,将刺激24小时的细胞的上清液进行IL-2或TNF-α酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)。
在另一个可选择的试验中,通过CD4 T细胞的细胞内染色,使用流式细胞仪测定IL-2。对于IL-2或IFN-的细胞内标记而言,在试验之前首先用1g/ml莫能菌酸(Calbiochem)与细胞温育4小时。然后如上述对细胞进行表面蛋白染色,并采用Becton Dickinson细胞内染色试剂盒进行固定和透化处理,用PE偶联的抗人IL-2抗体和FITC偶联的抗人IFN-抗体或如制造商所述的相应的对照抗体进行标记。根据制造商(Becton Dickinson)的方案,在Becton DickinsonFACSCalibur流式细胞仪上采用Cellquest软件进行数据采集和流式细胞仪分析。
为了研究FR901228抑制CD4细胞增殖背后的机理,分析了活化CD4细胞的IL-2和TNF-α产生。浓度低至10ng/ml的FR901228明显地抑制了用3×28玻珠(抗CD3和抗CD28抗体偶联的玻珠)刺激纯化CD4细胞24小时后,由ELISA测得的IL-2的产生(图6)。采用细胞内IL-2测定(未显示)观测到类似的抑制作用。但是,并不仅是IL-2产生减少导致T细胞增殖的缺乏,因为加入100U/ml IL-2(Boehringer Manheim)将不会恢复增殖。FR901228抑制IL-2产生与前面由Wang等人报道的结果形成对比,据Wang等人报道,FR901228不抑制A1.1 T细胞杂交瘤中CD3诱导的IL-2产生(Oncogene(致癌基因)17(12):1503-1508,1998)。这种差别的原因目前未知。
在进一步的实验中,在存在或不存在20ng/ml FR901228和500ng/ml环孢菌素下用3×28玻珠刺激外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)24小时后,用ELISA法测定了IL-2和TNF-α(图10A和10B)。
实施例V
增殖抑制试验
如上述制备外周血淋巴细胞,用3×28玻珠刺激并在刺激后第6天用羧基荧光素二乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFDA-SE)染色。如上述进行细胞刺激,用PBS洗涤细胞两次,并将其重悬于培养基中,并与CFDA-SE(Molecular Probes,OR)温育。染色大约10分钟后,用培养基和FPS洗涤细胞,并测定引入的染料。在刺激后的各时间点,在刺激后的0或24、72和120小时加入FR901228。图7描述了由CFDA-SE染色产生的流式细胞仪数据。y-轴表示与细胞生长逆转有关的平均荧光强度。因此,这些数据表明通过在用3×28玻珠刺激前、同时或之后使细胞与FR901228接触,FR901228抑制了活化T细的生长。
实施例VI
CD4细胞上的CD 154表达
研究了FR901228对CD4细胞上CD 154活化标记的诱导的作用。在这方面,用FITC偶联的抗人CD4抗体(Immunotech,Fullerton.CA)、PE偶联的抗人CD154抗体(Becton Dickinson,Fullerton,CA)或FITC-或PE-偶联的IgGl同型对照抗体标记细胞。4℃下用2μl的各种抗体将2×105细胞标记20分钟,终体积为30μl,洗涤细胞并将其重悬于1%低聚甲醛(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)。在3×28玻珠和/或20单位/ml IL-2或抗IL-2抗体存在下刺激细胞4天,在第3天将浓度为20ng/ml的FR901228加入培养物。在第4天,通过流式细胞仪测定平均荧光强度。如图9所示,IL-2的存在或不存在并不弥补由FR901228诱导的CD154表达的抑制。
实施例VII
在转录水平阻抑CD154
在此实验中,用载体构建体(p-EGFPl,Clonetech)稳定地转染Jurkat T细胞,其中,编码绿色荧光蛋白的核苷酸序列可操作地连接到从Jurkat细胞克隆的CD154启动子上。在选择含有所感兴趣载体的细胞之后,在不同浓度(0-100ng/ml)的FR901228存在下用3×28玻珠刺激这些细胞24小时。然后采用流式细胞仪检测荧光。如图11所示,只有含有0ng/ml FR901228的细胞表现出超过没有刺激的细胞的GFP表达诱导。
在分离实验中,在用3×28玻珠和不同量的FR901228刺激18小时后,进行CD154转录的RT-PC。这些实验证明随着FR901228量的增加,CD154表达水平降低(数据未显示)。还使用c-myc的反义构建体培养的CD4细胞进行实验。在用3×28玻珠刺激24小时之后,由流式细胞仪测得,与包括以下的对照组相比,反义c-myc构建体降低了约50%CD154表达:无构建体、有义或用混杂的c-myc构建体转染(数据没有显示)。因此,FR901228和类似的化合物可以靶向作用于c-myc的活性及对其CD154的诱导作为免疫抑制的一种机理。
实施例VIII
抑制进入S期之前的细胞周期
用不同浓度的FR901228培养未刺激和刺激的(3×28玻珠刺激)CD4细胞,并采用常规方法,通过碘化丙锭(PI)染色来测定细胞内DNA含量。简而言之,用在PBS中的1μg/ml PI和0.03%皂角苷将细胞染色大约20-30分钟。如图12所示,在未刺激细胞和用10-100ng/ml的FR901228培养的刺激细胞中没有发生DNA合成。因此,FR901228表现出抑制进入S期之前的活化T细胞的细胞周期。
实施例IX
放射性同位素T细胞增殖测定
采用ficoll-hypaque(LSM,Organon Teknika,Durham,NorthCarolina),用密度离心法从健康供体身上分离外周血单核细胞(PBMC)。用完全培养基(含有5%人血清、100mM谷氨酰胺、1mM丙酮酸钠、0.1mM非必需氨基酸、2mM青霉素(Life Technologies)2mM链霉素(Life Technologies)的RPMI 1640培养基)洗涤,然后在7,500RADS下照射,并以4-4.5×106细胞/ml重悬于完全培养基中。用神经氨酸酶处理的羊红细胞(SRBC)使另一部分PBMC形成玫瑰花结。用LSM再次离心后,用氯化铵水解裂解缓冲液(Life Technologies)裂解这些形成玫瑰花结的T细胞的SRBC。在用完全培养基洗涤两次后,也将这些纯化的T细胞以2-2.5×106细胞/ml重悬于完全培养基中。以501/孔的量一式三份地将不同稀释度的受试化合物加到96孔平底微培养板(Costar,Cambridge,Massachusetts)。然后立即将T细胞悬浮液以100l/孔分配到孔中。37℃下,在5%CO2-95%空气的湿化大气中,将细胞与受试化合物温育30分钟,然后每孔加入抗CD3抗体(OKT-3,Ortho Diagnostic,New Jersey)(最终浓度为10ng/ml),接着加入50l照射过的PBMC。然后在7℃,在5%CO2-95%空气的湿化大气中将培养板温育72小时。通过测定含氚(3H)胸苷掺入评价淋巴细胞的增殖。在培养的最后18-24小时期间,用2Ci/孔含氚胸苷(NEN.Cambridge,Massachusetts)对细胞进行脉冲标记。采用多样品采集器(MACH-11,Wallace,Gaithersburg,Maryland)在玻璃纤维滤器上收集培养物。通过标准液体闪烁计数法(Betaplate Scint Counter,Wallace)测定对应于各孔的滤片的放射性。计算重复孔的平均每分钟计数,并将结果表示为抑制50%含氚胸苷掺入T细胞所需化合物的浓度。
实施例X
预防和/或延迟NOD或NODSCID小鼠糖尿病的发生
本实施例举例说明了代表性的缩肽化合物FR901228预防或延迟NOD或NODSCID小鼠糖尿病发生的能力。
将FR901228溶于10%DMSO的PBS溶液,并每隔一天对NOD或NODSCID小鼠进行腹膜内给药。对照组仅含有DMSO赋形剂(10%DMSO的PBS溶液)。如果NODSCID小鼠不自发发生糖尿病,则在NODSCID小鼠4周龄时将来自10周龄的NOD小鼠的30×106NOD脾细胞注射到每只NODSCID小鼠(静脉注射)以诱导糖尿病。在每一次治疗中将0.5mg/kg的FR901228给予20只动物(10只NOD动物和1O只NODSCID动物)。每隔两周使用血糖仪测定血糖水平,评价每一治疗组中发生糖尿病的小鼠数。连续两次发现血糖读数大于200mg/dl被认为是明确的糖尿病。这些组的平均血糖数如下表2所示。
如表2所示,在NODSCID小鼠中,与仅用赋形剂治疗的小鼠相比,用此化合物治疗的小鼠明确的糖尿病的发生至少延迟了两周。令人惊奇地是,NOD小鼠的结果甚至更富戏剧性,因为在18周的研究期间用此化合物治疗的NOD小鼠没有发生明确的糖尿病,而在同一时期内用赋形剂治疗的10只小鼠中有8只发生明确的糖尿病。显然,这些数据证明了此化合物在延迟表型糖尿病发生中的免疫抑制作用。
表2A注射FR901228的NOD SCID小鼠对用DMSO赋形剂注射
供体年龄基因型性别(周) | 注射日期 | 受体年龄(周)笼卡 ID 基因型 性别 来源 @ DOB注射 | 5/9 5/23 6/6 6/20 7/4 7/18 8/1 8/15年龄(周)6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 |
10 NOD- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - | 3/27/0 30×10^60 NOD脾细胞FR901228- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - | 518374 2659 NODSCID F BSLC 4 rec′d2660 - - - - 22-Mar2661 - - - - @2662 - - - - 4-6(周)2663 - - - - -518375 2654 - - - - -2655 - - - - -2656 - - - - -2657 - - - - -2658 - - - - - | - - 482 高 536 用B.s.处死- 547 526 566 402 用B.S.处死- - 343 596 死亡- - 317 568 死亡- - 299 539 494 用B.S.处死- - 412 338 死亡- - 441 240 死亡26 1527 494 死亡- - 399 高 死亡- - 285 576 558 571 死亡 |
10 NOD- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - | 3/27/0 30×10^60 NOD脾细胞(仅DMSO赋形剂)- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - | 518376 2675 NODSCID F BLSC 4 rec′d2676 - - - - 22-Mar2677 - - - - @2678 - - - - 4-6(周)2679 - - - - -518377 2381 - - - - -2382 - - - - -2383 - - - - -2384 - - - - -2385 - - - - - | 383死亡5/25- 439 428 死亡 6/13- 254 377 高 337 7/12用B.s.处死- 223 448 高 523 7/12用B.S.处死287 高 高 死亡 6/8- - 311 用B.S. 处死- 447 516 ″- 324 405 ″- - 456 ″- 423 463 ″ |
表2B注射FR901228的NOD小鼠对用DMSO赋形剂注射
受体年龄(周)笼卡 ID 基因型 性别 来源 @ DOB注射 | 5/9 5/23 6/6 6/20 7/4 7/18 8/1 8/15周(转移后)6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 | |
FR901228治疗对照用10%DMSO赋形剂治疗 | 518450 2664 NOD F BSLC N/A rec′d2665 - - - - 23-Mar2666 - - - - ″@4(周)2667 - - - - -2668 - - - - -518449 2669 - - - - -2670 - - - - -2671 - - - - -2672 - - - - -2674 - - - - -518448 2386 NOD F BSLC N/A rec′d2387 - - - - 23-Mar2388 - - - - @2389 - - - - 4(周)2390 - - - - -518451 2391 - - - - -2392 - - - - -2393 - - - - -2394 - - - - -2395 - - - - - | - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - 238 423 452- - - - - - -- 302 513 用B.S.处死- - - - - - 310- - - 545 554 7/12 用B.S.处死- - - - - - -- - - - 308 455 504- - - - - - 466- 390 391 用B.S.处死- - - - 207 354 126 |
由此可见虽然为了举例说明本发明,本文已描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但可以在不背离本发明的构思和保护范围的情况下对本发明作各种改动。
Claims (40)
1.具有以下结构的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体:
其中,
m为1、2、3或4;
n为0、1、2或3;
p和q独立地为1或2;
X为O、NH或NR;
R1、R2和R3相同或不同,并独立地为氨基酸侧链或氨基酸侧链衍生物;而
R为低级链烷基、芳基或芳基烷基;
条件是此化合物不是FR901228。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中m为1,而n为0、2或3。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中m为2、3或4,而n为1。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中p或q之一为2,或者p和q都为2。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中X为O。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中X为NH或NR。
7.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1和R3为氨基酸侧链。
8.权利要求1的化合物,其中R2为氨基酸侧链衍生物。
9.包含权利要求1的化合物和药学上可接受载体的组合物。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述动物患有自身免疫病或有患此病的危险。
12.权利要求10的方法,其中所述动物患有炎性疾病或有患此病的危险。
13.权利要求10的方法,其中所述动物患有移植物抗宿主疾病或有患此病的危险。
14.权利要求10的方法,其中所述动物将接受或已接受同种异体移植。
15.权利要求10的方法,其中所述动物将接受或已接受异种移植。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述移植为同种异体移植。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中所述移植为异种移植。
22.诱导活化T细胞无反应性或细胞凋亡,同时保持总T细胞数的方法,所述方法包括给予动物一定剂量的具有以下结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体:
其中,
m为1、2、3或4;
n为0、1、2或3;
p和q独立地为1或2;
X为O、NH或NR;
R1、R2和R3相同或不同,并独立地为氨基酸侧链或氨基酸侧链衍生物;而
R为低级链烷基、芳基或芳基烷基。
24.减少肿瘤坏死因子-α分泌的方法,所述方法包括给予动物一定剂量的具有以下结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体:
其中,
m为1、2、3或4;
n为0、1、2或3;
p和q独立地为1或2;
X为O、NH或NR;
R1、R2和R3相同或不同,并独立地为氨基酸侧链或氨基酸侧链衍生物;而
R为低级链烷基、芳基或芳基烷基。
25.抑制在进入S期之前活化T细胞的细胞周期的方法,所述方法包括给予动物一定剂量的具有以下结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体:
其中,
m为1、2、3或4;
n为0、1、2或3;
p和q独立地为1或2;
X为O、NH或NR;
R1、R2和R3相同或不同,并独立地为氨基酸侧链或氨基酸侧链衍生物;而
R为低级链烷基、芳基或芳基烷基。
26.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中m为1。
27.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中m为2、3或4。
28.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中n为1。
29.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中n为0、2或3。
30.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中p和q均为1。
31.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中p或q之一为2,或者p和q均为2。
32.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中X为O。
33.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中X为NH或NR。
34.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中R1和R3相同或不同,且独立地为氨基酸侧链。
35.权利要求34的方法,其中R1和R3均为-CH(CH3)2。
36.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中R2为氨基酸侧链衍生物。
37.权利要求36的方法,其中R2为=CHCH3。
38.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中存在可选择的双键。
39.权利要求38的方法,其中所述双键为反式构型。
40.权利要求10、16、17、20、21、22、23、24或25中任一项的方法,其中所述化合物为FR901228。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16973199P | 1999-12-08 | 1999-12-08 | |
US60/169,731 | 1999-12-08 | ||
US19358200P | 2000-03-30 | 2000-03-30 | |
US60/193,582 | 2000-03-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1414971A true CN1414971A (zh) | 2003-04-30 |
Family
ID=26865325
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN00817856A Pending CN1414971A (zh) | 1999-12-08 | 2000-12-06 | 用作免疫抑制剂的缩肽及其同类物 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6403555B1 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP1438966B1 (zh) |
JP (4) | JP4824890B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20020062956A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1414971A (zh) |
AT (3) | ATE269354T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU762525B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0016154A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2393682C (zh) |
DE (3) | DE60033453T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1438966T3 (zh) |
ES (3) | ES2347284T3 (zh) |
HK (2) | HK1049849B (zh) |
IL (2) | IL149995A0 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1438966E (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001042282A1 (zh) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010148572A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | Asan Laboratories Co., Ltd. | Method for treating or ameliorating mucocutaneous or ocular toxicities |
US8541554B2 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2013-09-24 | Abbott Laboratories | Immunosuppressant drug extraction reagent for immunoassays |
TWI412359B (zh) * | 2009-07-07 | 2013-10-21 | Asan Lab Co Ltd | 組織蛋白去乙醯酵素抑制劑在製備治療或減緩黏膜/皮膚或眼睛毒性或副作用之藥物的用途 |
US8697365B2 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2014-04-15 | Abbott Laboratories | Non-denaturing lysis reagent |
CN101946179B (zh) * | 2007-12-19 | 2014-08-13 | 雅培制药有限公司 | 用于免疫分析的免疫抑制剂药物提取试剂 |
Families Citing this family (60)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6822267B1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2004-11-23 | Advantest Corporation | Signal transmission circuit, CMOS semiconductor device, and circuit board |
US8119159B2 (en) | 1999-02-22 | 2012-02-21 | Merrion Research Iii Limited | Solid oral dosage form containing an enhancer |
US7658938B2 (en) | 1999-02-22 | 2010-02-09 | Merrion Reasearch III Limited | Solid oral dosage form containing an enhancer |
WO2002020817A1 (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-14 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | A method of producing fr901228 |
WO2002055017A2 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-07-18 | Wake Forest University | Method of treating autoimmune diseases |
US6632553B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2003-10-14 | Mti Microfuel Cells, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for managing effluent products in a fuel cell system |
CA2457043A1 (en) | 2001-08-21 | 2003-02-27 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Medicinal use of histone deacetylase inhibitor and method of evaluating antitumor effect thereof |
US8163764B2 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2012-04-24 | Asan Laboratories Company (Cayman) Limited | Skincare methods |
US20060275370A1 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2006-12-07 | Yih-Lin Chung | Method and compositions for treatment of epithelial damage |
US6809118B2 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-10-26 | Yih-Lin Chung | Methods for therapy of radiation cutaneous syndrome |
US8846039B2 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2014-09-30 | Asan Laboratories Company (Cayman), Limited | Method for ameliorating pruritus |
US8946295B2 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2015-02-03 | Sunny Pharmtech Inc. | Histone hyperacetylating agents for promoting wound healing and preventing scar formation |
US8883148B2 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2014-11-11 | Asan Laboratories Company (Cayman), Limited | Prevention of joint destruction |
ES2342378T3 (es) * | 2002-08-20 | 2010-07-06 | Astellas Pharma Inc. | Inhibidor de degradacion de matriz extracelular del cartilago artrodial. |
US7154002B1 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2006-12-26 | Takeda San Diego, Inc. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors |
US7250514B1 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2007-07-31 | Takeda San Diego, Inc. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors |
JP2006520796A (ja) | 2003-03-17 | 2006-09-14 | タケダ サン ディエゴ インコーポレイテッド | ヒストンデアセチラーゼインヒビター |
PL2238982T3 (pl) * | 2003-06-27 | 2013-03-29 | Astellas Pharma Inc | Środek do terapii mięsaka tkanek miękkich |
JP5550803B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2014-07-16 | ヘンリー フォード ヘルス システム | 新規アデノウイルスを用いた癌治療方法及び組成物 |
ES2425083T3 (es) | 2003-09-25 | 2013-10-11 | Astellas Pharma Inc. | Agente antitumoral que comprende FK228 como inhibidor de histona desacetilasa y doxorrubicina como inhibidor de topoisomerasa II |
WO2005065681A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-21 | Takeda San Diego, Inc. | N- hydroxy-3-(3-(1h-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl)-acrylamide derivatives and related compounds as histone deacetylase (hdac) inhibitors for the treatment of cancer |
US20050137234A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | Syrrx, Inc. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors |
US20050187148A1 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-25 | Yoshinori Naoe | Antitumor agent |
US7951780B2 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2011-05-31 | Astellas Pharma Inc. | Antitumor agent |
CA2586228A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-26 | The University Of Chicago | Histone deacetylase inhibitors and methods of use |
EP1824831A2 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2007-08-29 | Takeda San Diego, Inc. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors |
WO2006122319A2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-16 | Takeda San Diego, Inc. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors |
GB0511266D0 (en) * | 2005-06-02 | 2005-07-13 | Trust | Chemical compounds |
JP2009501236A (ja) * | 2005-07-14 | 2009-01-15 | タケダ サン ディエゴ インコーポレイテッド | ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤 |
EP1937236A2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2008-07-02 | Braincells, Inc. | Modulation of neurogenesis by hdac inhibition |
US20070129290A1 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-06-07 | Or Yat S | Metabolite derivatives of the HDAC inhibitor FK228 |
WO2007084390A2 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-26 | Takeda San Diego, Inc. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors |
EP2526950A1 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2012-11-28 | Merrion Research III Limited | Solid oral dosage form containing an enhancer |
EP2012801A4 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2009-08-05 | Gloucester Pharmaceuticals Inc | GEMCITABINE COMBINATION THERAPY |
WO2007146730A2 (en) | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-21 | Gloucester Pharmaceuticals | Deacetylase inhibitor therapy |
US20070292512A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-20 | Merrion Research Ii Limited | Solid Oral Dosage Form Containing an Enhancer |
EP2089415A1 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2009-08-19 | Karus Therapeutics Limited | Depsipeptides and their therapeutic use |
GB0623388D0 (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2007-01-03 | Univ Southampton | Chemical compounds |
EP2124990A4 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2010-04-21 | Gloucester Pharmaceuticals Inc | TUMOR TREATMENT BASED ON ROMIDEPSIN |
CN101801994A (zh) | 2006-12-29 | 2010-08-11 | 格洛斯特制药公司 | 制备Romidepsin |
US8795627B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2014-08-05 | Raptor Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Treatment of liver disorders by administration of RAP conjugates |
WO2008151306A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Of The State Of Arizona, Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Synthesis of cyclodepsipeptide compounds having antineoplastic and/or antimicrobial activity |
GB0715750D0 (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2007-09-19 | Karus Therapeutics Ltd | Chemical compounds |
KR20110007614A (ko) | 2008-05-07 | 2011-01-24 | 메리온 리서치 Ⅲ 리미티드 | GnRH 관련 화합물의 조성물 및 제조 방법 |
EP2293845A1 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2011-03-16 | Karus Therapeutics Limited | Depsipeptides and their therapeutic use |
ES2428817T3 (es) * | 2008-05-22 | 2013-11-11 | Karus Therapeutics Limited | Depsipéptidos y su uso terapéutico |
WO2011120033A1 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Merrion Research Iii Limited | Pharmaceutical compositions of selective factor xa inhibitors for oral administration |
CA2804795A1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2012-01-19 | Nicholas Vrolijk | Romidepsin solid forms and uses thereof |
US8859502B2 (en) | 2010-09-13 | 2014-10-14 | Celgene Corporation | Therapy for MLL-rearranged leukemia |
US20120077778A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2012-03-29 | Andrea Bourdelais | Ladder-Frame Polyether Conjugates |
CN103476419A (zh) | 2011-01-07 | 2013-12-25 | 梅里翁第三研究有限公司 | 口服投药的含铁药物组合物 |
WO2013047509A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 新規ホスファチジルイノシトール3キナーゼ阻害剤及び医薬組成物 |
CA2866392C (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2023-10-24 | Washington University | Methods for modulating tau expression for reducing seizure and modifying a neurodegenerative syndrome |
AU2013202506B2 (en) | 2012-09-07 | 2015-06-18 | Celgene Corporation | Resistance biomarkers for hdac inhibitors |
AU2013202507B9 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2015-08-13 | Celgene Corporation | Inhibition of drug resistant cancer cells |
TWI772856B (zh) * | 2013-07-19 | 2022-08-01 | 美商百健Ma公司 | 用於調節τ蛋白表現之組合物 |
NZ630311A (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2016-03-31 | Celgene Corp | Romidepsin formulations and uses thereof |
KR20150140177A (ko) * | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-15 | 한미약품 주식회사 | 단백질 및 펩타이드의 면역원성을 감소시키는 방법 |
EP3250191B1 (en) | 2015-01-29 | 2024-01-17 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Tablets comprising glp-1 agonist and enteric coating |
CN110760564A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-02-07 | 菲诺克生物科技(上海)有限公司 | 细胞周期检测方法及其所用试剂与试剂盒 |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4268516A (en) | 1978-10-11 | 1981-05-19 | Pfizer Inc. | [1]Benzothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazoles as immunoregulatory agents |
US4950649A (en) * | 1980-09-12 | 1990-08-21 | University Of Illinois | Didemnins and nordidemnins |
GB8817743D0 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1988-09-01 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co | Fr901228 substance & preparation thereof |
AU3972193A (en) | 1992-04-07 | 1993-11-08 | Scripps Research Institute, The | Method for inducing tolerance to an antigen using butyrate |
ZA946765B (en) | 1993-09-02 | 1996-02-15 | Dartmouth College | Methods of prolonged suppression of humoral immunity |
US5591717A (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1997-01-07 | Rojko; Jennifer L. | Branched apogenic peptide for inducing apoptosis |
CA2191586A1 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-12-14 | Carl H. June | Methods for selectively stimulating proliferation of t cells |
WO1999014241A2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1999-03-25 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the treatment of immune related diseases |
US5843943A (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1998-12-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Compounds for inhibition of ceramide-mediated signal transduction |
US5962019A (en) | 1995-08-25 | 1999-10-05 | Sangstat Medical Corporation | Oral cyclosporin formulations |
US5891653A (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1999-04-06 | Attfield; Derrick Cecil | Method of suppressing graft rejection by means of stress proteins |
US6777217B1 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2004-08-17 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Histone deacetylases, and uses related thereto |
CA2283161A1 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-09-11 | Duke University | Immunosuppression |
DE19713626A1 (de) * | 1997-04-02 | 1998-10-08 | Bayer Ag | Neue Thiodepsipeptide zur Bekämpfung von Endoparasiten und ein einfaches Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
WO1998046640A2 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1998-10-22 | Coulter International Corp. | Methods and compositions for inducing immunosuppression |
KR20010023449A (ko) | 1997-09-02 | 2001-03-26 | 나가시마 카쭈시게, 노미야마 아키히코 | 신규한 환상 테트라펩티드 유도체 및 그 의약 용도 |
WO1999015174A1 (en) | 1997-09-22 | 1999-04-01 | Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research | Reverse prenyl compounds as immunosuppressants |
WO1999025703A1 (en) | 1997-11-14 | 1999-05-27 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Immunosuppressant tetracyclic triterpenes |
WO1999030730A1 (en) | 1997-12-15 | 1999-06-24 | Universite Laval | Methods and compositions for improving the success of cell transplantation in a host |
JPH11180873A (ja) | 1997-12-22 | 1999-07-06 | Kaken Shoyaku Kk | NF−κB活性阻害剤 |
US6001815A (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-12-14 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. | Depsipeptides containing N-substituted glycine residue |
US6211145B1 (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 2001-04-03 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. | Bicyclic depsipeptides |
US6252041B1 (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 2001-06-26 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. | Depsipeptides containing non-natural amino acids |
US6287843B1 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 2001-09-11 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Maize histone deacetylases and their use |
PT1142905E (pt) * | 1999-01-13 | 2006-10-31 | Astellas Pharma Inc | Novo composto de depsipeptido |
-
2000
- 2000-12-06 BR BR0016154-3A patent/BR0016154A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-06 AT AT00983997T patent/ATE269354T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-06 KR KR1020027007258A patent/KR20020062956A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-06 ES ES07002930T patent/ES2347284T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 EP EP04007814A patent/EP1438966B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 CN CN00817856A patent/CN1414971A/zh active Pending
- 2000-12-06 IL IL14999500A patent/IL149995A0/xx unknown
- 2000-12-06 JP JP2001543579A patent/JP4824890B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-06 CA CA2393682A patent/CA2393682C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-06 WO PCT/US2000/033169 patent/WO2001042282A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-06 EP EP07002930A patent/EP1779859B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 DE DE60033453T patent/DE60033453T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 AU AU20680/01A patent/AU762525B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-06 EP EP00983997A patent/EP1246839B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2000-12-06 AT AT07002930T patent/ATE470447T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-06 AT AT04007814T patent/ATE353663T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-06 US US09/732,183 patent/US6403555B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 DK DK04007814T patent/DK1438966T3/da active
- 2000-12-06 DE DE60011678T patent/DE60011678T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 DE DE60044542T patent/DE60044542D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 ES ES04007814T patent/ES2282751T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 PT PT04007814T patent/PT1438966E/pt unknown
- 2000-12-06 ES ES00983997T patent/ES2225282T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-04-02 US US10/115,576 patent/US6548479B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-03 IL IL149995A patent/IL149995A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-03-18 HK HK03101982.5A patent/HK1049849B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-01-21 HK HK05100599A patent/HK1070268A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-01-28 JP JP2011017260A patent/JP2011084585A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-03-06 JP JP2013043969A patent/JP2013107902A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-07-31 JP JP2014155914A patent/JP2014205714A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8541554B2 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2013-09-24 | Abbott Laboratories | Immunosuppressant drug extraction reagent for immunoassays |
US8697365B2 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2014-04-15 | Abbott Laboratories | Non-denaturing lysis reagent |
CN101946179B (zh) * | 2007-12-19 | 2014-08-13 | 雅培制药有限公司 | 用于免疫分析的免疫抑制剂药物提取试剂 |
WO2010148572A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | Asan Laboratories Co., Ltd. | Method for treating or ameliorating mucocutaneous or ocular toxicities |
CN102458473A (zh) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-05-16 | 英属开曼群岛商安盛开发药物股份有限公司 | 治疗或减缓粘膜皮肤或眼睛毒性的方法 |
AU2009348848B2 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-10-25 | Sunny Pharmtech, Inc. | Method for treating or ameliorating mucocutaneous or ocular toxicities |
TWI412359B (zh) * | 2009-07-07 | 2013-10-21 | Asan Lab Co Ltd | 組織蛋白去乙醯酵素抑制劑在製備治療或減緩黏膜/皮膚或眼睛毒性或副作用之藥物的用途 |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1414971A (zh) | 用作免疫抑制剂的缩肽及其同类物 | |
US7041639B2 (en) | Depsipeptide and congeners thereof for use as immunosuppressants | |
US9610317B2 (en) | 4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl peptides as inhibitors of viral replication | |
CN1155571C (zh) | 含有γ-谷氨酰基和β-天冬氨酰基的免疫调制剂化合物及其制备方法 | |
US20100124545A1 (en) | Cyclic carboxamide compounds and analogues thereof as of hepatitis c virus | |
WO1992004370A1 (en) | Modified di- and tripeptidyl immunosuppressive compounds | |
WO1986004334A1 (en) | Immunoregulatory peptides | |
CA2140931A1 (en) | Non-peptidic surrogates of the ldv sequence and their use in the treatment of inflammation, autoimmune disease and tumour progression | |
CA3104674A1 (en) | Natural killer cells | |
EP0517464A1 (en) | Peptides useful in regulating the immune and nervous systems | |
FR2797441A1 (fr) | Derives des cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene et benzene pour la preparation de ligands du recepteur du mannose |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20030430 |