CN1407636A - GaP系半导体发光组件 - Google Patents

GaP系半导体发光组件 Download PDF

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CN1407636A
CN1407636A CN02131970A CN02131970A CN1407636A CN 1407636 A CN1407636 A CN 1407636A CN 02131970 A CN02131970 A CN 02131970A CN 02131970 A CN02131970 A CN 02131970A CN 1407636 A CN1407636 A CN 1407636A
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semiconductor substrate
electrode
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鈴木金吾
池田均
金子康继
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Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd
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Abstract

在GaP系半导体基体70中,以p型层侧的主面作为第一主面10,以其相反侧的主面作为第二主面12。在第二主面,藉由研磨后用王水蚀刻,以形成可提高光全反射之向半导体基体70内侧凸之镜面状凹曲面51的集合;另一方面,在半导体基体70之第一接触层62形成区域及第二主面11以外,藉由实施异向性蚀刻,以形成为降低光全反射之向外侧凸之凸曲面53的集合。又,将形成于第二主面11上之第二接触层64(第二电极63),用Au、Si及Ni所组成的合金所形成,将形成于第一主面10上之第一接触层62,用Au和Be或Zn之合金所形成。藉此,可提供出就算在间接跃迁型的发光形态也能充分的提高亮度之GaP系半导体发光组件。

Description

GaP系半导体发光组件
技术领域
本发明系关于GaP系半导体发光组件。
背景技术
GaP系半导体发光组件,系由GaP半导体、或以GaP半导体作为母物质再经GaAs、InP、AlP等进行组成取代而成之混晶系半导体所构成,可在从红色跨到绿色之广范围的可见波长带发光。又,由于GaP半导体属间接跃迁型,在成为间接跃迁型之上述GaP系半导体发光组件中,系藉由掺杂构成发光中心之氮等来谋求发光效率的提升。
然而,例如上述施加氮掺杂之GaP半导体,会显示黄绿色的发光,而未施加掺杂者,则显示绿色发光,亦即,为提升发光效率而实施氮掺杂的情形,会产生发光波长改变的问题。又,若过度的掺杂氮,会产生无助于发光中心之氮抑制发光效率之不佳情形。
于是,不仅单针对上述般提高发光效率之观点,也必须提升外部取出效率。为谋求外部取出效率提升之发光组件的形状,已有许多的揭示。如图8所示意显示者,以n型层21和p型层22来形成p-n接合,并设置阳极24、阴极25而从p型层22侧进行光取出之发光组件,藉由对侧面进行台面蚀刻来构成倾斜部23,以降低发出的光之全反射而谋求外部取出效率之提升。又,进一步有人提案出(日本专利第2907170号公报),对该发光组件之主表面和倾斜部实施粗面加工(用来降低发出的光之全反射),并对光取出侧的相反侧之主面实施粗面加工(用来提高全反射),图8B系示意地显示对图8A赋予这种粗面加工的情形。
然而,就算是将图8B所示之发光组件形状赋予上述间接跃迁型的GaP系半导体发光组件,但发光效率仍不足,而在未掺杂构成发光中心的氮时则亮度更低。
发明内容
本发明系考虑上述问题点而完成者。亦即,本发明之目的系提供一可提高亮度之GaP系半导体发光组件。
用来解决上述课题之本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于:
具备:具有p-n接合之GaP系半导体基体,以及用来对该半导体基体施加发光驱动电压之电极;
以半导体基体之p型层侧的主面作为第一主面,以其相反侧的主面作为第二主面,在半导体基体之第一主面及侧面,形成向外侧凸之凸曲面所集合成之粗面,且在第二主面,系用王水蚀刻来形成镜面。
上述GaP系半导体基体中,由于从p型层侧进行光取出,n型层侧之主面(第二主面)系为了提升光之全反射而作成镜面状,另一方面,在第一主面及侧面上,为了降低光的全反射,则实施粗面化处理而形成向外侧凸之凸曲面所集合成之粗面。具有这种构成之本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件,由于能提升发出的光之取出效率,故能谋求比以往更高的亮度提升。
第二主面之镜面化,系藉由用王水蚀刻第二主面来进行。如此般用王水来蚀刻,在第二主面上,可形成向半导体基体的内侧凸之镜面状凹曲面所集合成之镜面。其结果,能使第二主面之光全反射效果有效的发挥。又,将第二主面藉由研磨平滑化,再用王水来蚀刻的情形,可更简便的将第二主面作成镜面状凹曲面所集合成之镜面。
藉由将第二主面作成镜面状凹曲面所集合成之镜面,相较于以往之平滑的镜面,可提升第二主面之光的全反射率。又本发明之特征在于,凹曲面之粒径为5μm~150μm,且其朝内侧之深度为0.5μm~15μm。若凹曲面之粒径未达5μm、或其朝内侧之深度未达0.5μm,将无法充分的形成凹曲面形状,其结果,第二主面之光全反射之提升效果无法发挥。另一方面,若粒径大于150μm,和导电糊间之固接面积变得不够大。同样地,若凹曲面之朝内面的深度大于15μm,镜面化会受到抑制,而使光反射之提升受到抑制。
考虑到上述内容,藉由将凹曲面之粒径调整成5μm~150μm、且将其朝内侧之深度调整成0.5μm~15μm,即可使凹曲面发挥光反射提升之作用,且发挥其作为和导电糊的固接面之作用。又,藉由使用王水,即可简便地在第二主面上形成如此般镜面状的凹曲面所集合成之镜面。
另一方面,在构成光取出面之第一主面及侧面上,由于必须降低光全反射,系形成向外侧凸之凸曲面之集合。如此般,藉由形成凸曲面集合,包含在形成有凹曲面集合之第二主面上所反射的光,可降低第一主面及侧面之光全反射,而提升取出效率,而使亮度提高。
构成GaP系半导体发光组件之GaP系半导体基体,可将以磊晶成长法配向而成之结晶进行积层来形成。为形成上述凸曲面之集合,可依积层后的结晶之面方向而利用蚀刻速度不同之异向性蚀刻,结果可简便地形成均一形状之复数个凸曲面。
藉由使用上述异向性蚀刻,可调整凸曲面之径,而使凸曲面所集合成之粗面微透镜化。结果,藉由将粗面微透镜化,可更加减低产生光全反射之可能。
其次,本发明之GaP系半导体发光组件中之GaP系半导体基体较佳为,以用电导糊覆盖第二主面全域的方式来固接于电极支持体。本发明之GaP系半导体发光组件中,由于从p型层侧进行光取出,故n型层侧之主面、即第二主面系透过导电糊固接于电极支持体。如上述般,在第二主面上形成向半导体基体内面凸之镜面状的凹曲面集合,故其和导电糊之固接面积大,而能提升半导体基体对电极支持体之固接性。其结果,例如因来自横方向之附加力而使半导体基体对电极支持体产生倾斜、剥离等之不佳情形可加以抑制。
上述GaP系半导体基体之第一主面及第二主面上,配置有用来施加发光驱动电压之电极,该电极中,位于半导体基体接触侧之接触层,必须由和半导体基体之欧姆接触性良好的材料构成,通常是由Au合金构成。图6A、图6B系示意地显示第一主面及第二主面上电极的形成形态。图6A系显示在p型层侧的第一主面10所形成的电极(第一电极60)之形态,系由接触层(第一接触层62)和接合垫层61所构成。构成第一接触层62之材料,可采用p型的欧姆接触性良好之Au(金)和Be(铍)所组成的合金、或Au和Zn(锌)的合金。结果,可形成p型欧姆接触性良好的第一接触层62。又,接合垫层61,考虑其和第一接触层之接触性,可由Au所构成。在如此般所形成之第一电极60的表面,进行通电用Au线之打线,而主要从第一电极60之形成区域以外进行光取出。
接着,图6B系显示形成于n型层侧的第二主面11之电极(第二电极63)的形态。第二主面11,由于如上述般透过导电糊来固接于电极支持体,第二电极63并不具备第一电极60之接合垫层61,其本身就具备接触层(第二接触层64)的作用。构成该第二接触层64的材料,除了n型欧姆接触性优异外,也必须要求对发出的光之吸收率低。本发明人等经各种实验检讨的结果得知,藉由以Au(金)、Si(硅)及Ni(镍)所组成的合金来形成第二接触层64,可使n型欧姆接触性良好,且充分抑制第二接触层64对发出的光之吸收。如此般,藉由用Au、Si、及Ni所组成的合金来形成第二接触层64,可进一步提高所取出之发光亮度。
藉由用上述材料来形成第一及第二主面上之电极接触层,可一步提高发光亮度。
目前为止是说明本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件中,可提高发光亮度之GaP系半导体基体的形状及电极接触层之构成材料。藉由将这些本发明的构成要素应用于特别是GaP半导体发光组件中,即可将以往并无法获得充分亮度之GaP半导体发光组件之亮度加以提升。
于是,本发明之GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于:
具备:具有p-n接合之GaP系半导体基体,以及用来对该半导体基体施加发光驱动电压之电极;
以半导体基体之p型层侧的主面作为第一主面,以其相反侧的主面作为第二主面,在半导体基体之第一主面及侧面,形成向外侧凸之凸曲面所集合成之粗面,在第二主面,系形成镜面状的凹曲面所集合成之镜面:
形成于第一主面上之电极的接触层,系由Au和Be或Zn之合金所形成,另一方面,形成于第二主面上之电极的接触层,系由Au、Si及Ni所组成的合金所形成,以用导电糊覆盖第二主面全域的方式,将GaP半导体基体固接于电极支持体。
又,如上述般,藉由将第二主面研磨后用王水蚀刻,可简便地将第二主面作成镜面状的凹曲面所集合成之镜面。
又,本说明书中,上述GaP半导体基体,概念上系包含具有或不具有氮掺杂所形成之发光中心者。
附图说明
图1系本发明的一实施形态之多层积层体之概略截面图。
图2A系显示本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件之一实施形态的形成过程之概略截面图。
图2B系接续于图2A,而显示本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件之一实施形态的形成过程之概略截面图。
图3A系接续于图2B,而显示本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件之一实施形态的形成过程之概略截面图。
图3B系显示本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件之一实施形态之概略截面图。
图4A系本发明的实施例之SEM测定结果,系显示对第二主面从垂直方向观察的结果。
图4B系本发明的实施例之SEM测定结果,系显示对第二主面从大致水平方向观察的结果。
图5系本发明的实施例之SEM测定结果,系显示对第一主面及侧面,从侧面之大致水平方向观察的结果。
图6A及图6B系说明本发明的电极形成形态之示意图。
图7A系说明本发明的实施例之固接力测定之示意图。
图7B系说明本发明的比较例之固接力测定之示意图。
图8A及图8B系说明经粗面加工之半导体基体的粗面形状之习知例的示意图。
符号说明
1…n型单结晶基板
2…n型缓冲层
3、21…n型层
4、22…p型层
5…p型接触层
7…电极支持体
10…第一主面
11…第二主面
23…倾斜部
24…阳极
25…阴极
51…凹曲面
53…凸曲面
60…第一电极
61…接合垫层
62…第一接触层
63…第二电极
64…第二接触层
65…封装材料
70…半导体基体
80…接合线
81…导电糊
82…银糊
100…GaP系半导体发光组件
具体实施方式
以下,针对本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件之一实施形态,参照包含其形成过程的图式来作说明。
如图1所示般,在GaP系半导体所构成之n型单结晶基板1上,依序以液相磊晶成长法来进行均为GaP系半导体所构成之n型缓冲层2、n型层3、p型层4及p型接触层5之积层。
又,n型层3及p型层4,也可以采掺杂具有发光中心作用之氮的形态。
接着,将被研磨成平滑化之第二主面11,用盐酸:硝酸之容量比例如为1∶1或3∶3之王水蚀刻。接着如图6A及图6B所示般,分别在第一主面10及第二主面11上蒸镀形成第一接触层62及第二接触层64,然后藉切割来分割,即可如图2A所示获得仅第二主面形成有镜面状的凹曲面集合之半导体基体70。然后,藉由使用盐酸之异向性蚀刻,在半导体基体70之第一接触层62形成区域及第二主面11以外形成凸曲面53的集合,之后,藉由在第一接触层62上蒸镀形成接合垫层61,即形成图2B所示之本发明的GaP系半导体发光组件之一实施形态。在此,第二接触层64系由Au、Si及Ni之合金所构成,第一接触层62系山Au和Be或Zn之合金所构成,接合垫层61系由Au构成。
藉由采用图2B所示的形状及电极材料,如上所述,可提高发光亮度。亦即,凸曲所集合成之粗面,系具备降低发出的光之全反射的作用,另一方面,凹曲面所集合成之镜面(第二主面),系具备提高发出的光之全反射的作用。又,藉由将第二接触层作成Au和Si或Ni所组成之Au合金层,相较于以往之Au、Ge及Ni的合金、或Au、Sn及Te的合金等所构成之Au合金层,可减低其对发出的光之吸收量。
接着,如图3A所示般,以用导电糊81覆盖于第二主面11全域的方式将图2B所示者固接于电极支持体7,并在第一电极60表面上形成通电用的Au制接合线80。之后,用环氧树脂等的封装材料65实施模制成形来制得GaP系半导体发光组件100(图3B)。导电糊81,可使用对发出的光之反射率大之银糊等来形成。
第二主面11,由于是凹曲面所集合成之镜面,如图3A所示般,透过导电糊81来将GaP系半导体基体70固接于电极支持体7时,可将其和导电糊81间之固接面积取得较大。因此,因来自GaP系半导体基体70横方向之力所产生者,包含半导体基体70的倾斜、往横方向之滑移、或导电81之剥离等可加以抑制。
实施例
以下,说明为确认本发明的效果所进行的实验结果。
(实施例1)
依据上述形成过程,进行GaP系半导体所构成之半导体基体的形成。为了评价所形成的半导体基体之粗面及镜面形状,系使用扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)进行表面观察。其结果显示于图4A、图4B及图5。
图4A、图4B系显示第二主面之表面观察结果。图4A系对第二主面从垂直方向观察的结果,图4B系对第二主面从大致水平方向观察的结果。根据这些测定结果可知,系形成镜面状的凹曲面51之集合。又,图4A之视野尺寸为270×270μm2,凹曲面51之粒径在10~100μm的范围。另一方面,图4B之视野尺寸为100×150μm2,凹曲面51之深度在1~5μm的范围。这些凹曲面51的粒径及深度形状之结果,系显示用王水蚀刻第二主面即可简便地形成镜面状凹曲面之集合。又,图4A中观察到的明暗区域,系由于蒸镀电极形成用的Au之故。
接着,图5系显示除电极形成区域外,对实施粗面化处理之第一主面及侧面,从侧面之大致水平方向进行表面观察的结果。从图5可知,藉由使用盐酸之异向性蚀刻,可在第一主面及侧面上形成向外侧凸之凸曲面53的集合。图5之视野尺寸为25×37μm2,凸曲面部53之粒径在5μm以下、发光波长以上的范围,其粒径比凹曲面51为小。
(实施例2)
以和实施例1同样的条件来形成半导体基体,并依据上述形成过程来进行GaP半导体发光组件之形成。
(比较例1)
在实施别2中,除未用王水蚀刻第二主面外,系以和实施例2同样的条件来形成GaP半导体发光组件。
对实施例2及比较例1之GaP半导体发光组件进行亮度测定。其结果,实施例2的发光组件之亮度比起比较例1系高20%。
依据上述结果系确认出,藉由实施王水蚀刻,凸曲面所集合成的镜面所构成之第二主面,系显示高亮度。如包含这种第二主面形状之本发明所示般,藉由对除第二主面外之半导体基体表面之大致全域实施粗面化处理,且将形成于第二主面之接触层用Au、Si及Ni之合金(可减低对发出的光之吸收量)来形成,就算是间接跃迁型的GaP半导体所构成之GaP半导体发光组件,也能提高发光效率,进而谋求亮度之提升。
(实施例3)
以和实施例1同样的条件来形成半导体基体,之后透过银糊来将半导体基体固接于电极支持体。
(比较例2)
在实施别3中,除未用王水蚀刻第二主面外,系以同样的条件来形成半导体基体,之后透过银糊来将半导体基体固接于电极支持体。
对实施例3及比较例2所得者,如图7A及图7B之示意图所示般,从侧面方向施加力F,以半导体基体70从银糊82剥离时的施加作为固接力而进行固接测定。对实施例3及比较例2所得者进行30次固接测定,测定结果显示于表1。
〔表1〕
    比较例2     实施例3
   平均值     111.4gmf     161.8gmf
    最大值     199.0gmf     242.0gmf
    最小值     69.0gmf     89.5gmf
从表1可知,相较于比较例2,实施例3所得者不管是固接力的最小值、最大值或平均值均来得大。根据该结果可确认出,藉由在第二主面用王水蚀刻来形成镜面状的凹曲面集合,可将其和银糊的固接面积取大,而提升半导体基体对电极支持体之固接力。
本发明不限于上述实施例,可适用于GaP系半导体基体所构成之GaP系半导体发光组件。又,图1之多层积层体系采单异质型的发光构造,也能采用为提升内部发光效率而具有活性层之双异质构造,基于提高外部发光效率之观点,将形成于第一主面之电极作成ITO等的透明电极,可进一步加大光取出区域。

Claims (9)

1、一种GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于:
具备:具有p-n接合之GaP系半导体基体,以及用来对该半导体基体施加发光驱动电压之电极;
以半导体基体之p型层侧的主面作为第一主面,以其相反侧的主面作为第二主面,在半导体基体之第一主面及侧面,形成向外侧凸之凸曲面所集合成之粗面,且在第二主面,系用王水蚀刻来形成镜面。
2、如权利要求1所述的GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于,该第二主面,系向半导体基体的内侧凸之镜面状凹曲面所集合成之镜面。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于,该第二主面,系研磨后用王水蚀刻面形成之镜面。
4、如权利要求2所述的GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于,该凹曲面,其粒径为5μm~150μm,且其朝内侧的深度为0.5μm~15μm。
5、如权利要求1所述的GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于,该半导体基体,系以用导电糊覆盖第二主面全域的方式固接于电极支持体。
6、如权利要求1所述的GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于,该第二主面上所形成之电极的接触层,系由Au、Si及Ni所组成之合金所形成。
7、如权利要求1所述的GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于,该第一主面上所形成之电极的接触层,系由Au和Be或Zn之合金所形成。
8、一种GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于:
具备:具有p-n接合之GaP系半导体基体,以及用来对该半导体基体施加发光驱动电压之电极;
以半导体基体之p型层侧的主面作为第一主面,以其相反侧的主面作为第二主面,在半导体基体之第一主面及侧面,形成向外侧凸之凸曲面所集合成之粗面;
在第二主面,形成镜面状的凹曲面所集合成之镜面;
形成于第一主面上之电极的接触层,系由Au和Be或Zn之合金所形成,形成于第二主面上之电极的接触层,系由Au、Si及Ni所组成的合金所形成,以用导电糊覆盖第二主面全域的方式,将GaP半导体基体固接于电极支持体。
9、如权利要求8所述的GaP系半导体发光组件,其特征在于,该第二主面,系研磨后用王水蚀刻而形成之镜面。
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