CN1403490A - 氢化芳族聚合物的方法 - Google Patents
氢化芳族聚合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1403490A CN1403490A CN00131663.XA CN00131663A CN1403490A CN 1403490 A CN1403490 A CN 1403490A CN 00131663 A CN00131663 A CN 00131663A CN 1403490 A CN1403490 A CN 1403490A
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- dioxide
- silicon
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Classifications
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/04—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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Abstract
本发明是关于氢化高分子量芳族聚合物的方法,包括一种在以二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂存在下氢化高分子量芳族聚合物,其特征在于二氧化硅的孔尺寸分布达到至少98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定的。
Description
本发明涉及氢化高分子量芳族聚合物的方法。
以前已采用各种催化剂和不同的反应条件使芳族聚合物氢化。从历史上看,通常的氢化催化剂反应活性低,因而催化剂与聚合物的用量比率较高,而且只能氢化低分子量(低于20000)的芳族聚合物。为达到高的氢化程度,氢化高分子量(Mw)芳族聚合物需要高温和/或高压条件,然而,这些条件会引起聚合物降解。
日本专利申请03076706公开了一种采用以二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂氢化芳族聚合物的方法。这些催化剂中以小孔径(200-500埃)高表面积(100-500米2/克)二氧化硅为载体,氢化程度达到高于70%。然而,为了要达到高的氢化程度,需要采用大量催化剂(树脂重量的1-100%)和高温条件(170℃),而高温会使聚合物降解。这可从氢化后Mw下降得以说明。
美国专利5028665公开了一种采用有载体的金属氢化催化剂对不饱和聚合物进行氢化的方法,其中载体的大多数孔径大于450埃。然而,催化剂的表面积只限于低表面积,能使90-100%的烯烃氢化,但只能使低于25%的芳烃氢化。
Bates等人的美国专利5352744公开了一种氢化聚(链烯基芳族)或聚(链烯基芳族)/聚二烯嵌段共聚物的方法,该方法采用载持在碱金属盐载体上的金属催化剂,能得到具有99.5%或更高饱和度的氢化聚合物。虽然Bates提出每克聚合物可采用0.01-10克催化剂,但为了达到高的氢化程度,每克聚合物需要高于1克催化剂的比率。
长期来,二氧化硅一直用作金属催化剂的载体。通常,用作催化剂载体的二氧化硅具有高的表面积(200-600米2/克)、小的平均孔径(20-40埃)。当用以这类二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂氢化高分子量芳族聚合物时,氢化程度是很低的。
因此,仍然非常希望有一种氢化程度高的,又不会产生上述缺点的氢化芳族聚合物的方法。
本发明氢化芳族聚合物的方法是:在以二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂存在下,使芳族聚合物与氢化剂进行接触,其特征在于二氧化硅的表面积至少为10米2/克,孔径分布达到至少98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定的,并至少达到80%的芳族聚合物被氢化。
本发明的第二个方面是以二氧化硅为载体的金属催化剂的特征在于二氧化硅的表面积至少为10米2/克,且孔径分布达到至少98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定的。
本发明的第三个方面是被氢化的聚合物是按以前所述的方法制备的。
由于本发明催化剂是高效的,因而本发明方法能用来氢化聚苯乙烯以制造聚乙烯基环己烷,且没有先有技术的缺点。
适用于本发明方法的芳族聚合物包括含芳族官能侧基的任何聚合物质。优选的Mw为100000-3000000,更优选100000-1000000,而最优选为100000-5000000。虽然高分子量芳族聚合物是优选的,但分子量低于100000的芳族聚合物也可按本发明方法进行氢化。芳族侧基是指芳族基团为聚合物主链上的取代基,但不包括在主链上的一种结构。优选的芳族基团是C6-20芳基基团,特别是苯基。这些聚合物除含芳族基团外也可含其它烯属基团。由下面化学式单体衍生的聚合物是优选的:式中R是氢或烷基,Ar是苯基、卤代苯基、烷基苯基、烷基卤代苯基、萘基、吡啶基或蒽基,式中任何烷基基团是以单官能基团或多官能基团(如卤、硝基、氨基、氰基、羰基及羧基)取代的1-6个碳原子的烷基基团。更优选的Ar是苯基或烷基苯基,而苯基是最优选的。均聚物可呈现包括间规、等规或无规立构的任何立体结构。然而,无规立构聚合物是优选的。此外,含这些芳族单体的共聚物,如无规共聚物、假无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物以及接枝共聚物是可采用的。例如,乙烯基芳族单体与选自腈类、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸类、乙烯、丙烯、马来酸酐、马来酰亚胺、乙酸乙烯酯及氯乙烯的共聚单体的共聚物,如苯乙烯-丙烯腈、苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯及苯乙烯-乙烯的共聚物也可采用。乙烯基芳族单体与共轭二烯(如丁二烯、异戊二烯)的嵌段共聚物也可采用。实例包括苯乙烯-丁二烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙苯及苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯共聚物。其它的嵌段共聚物的实例在美国专利4845173、4096203、4200718、4201729、4205016、3652516、3734973、3390207、3231635及3030346中检索到。包括冲击改性的、含芳族聚合物的接枝橡胶的聚合物的混合物也可采用。
适用于本发明方法的二氧化硅载体具有窄的孔径分布和大于每克10平方米/克(米2/克)的表面积。
孔径分布,孔体积及平均孔径可按照ASTM D-4284-83所述方法通过汞孔率计测得。
孔径分布通常采用汞孔率计测定。然而,该方法只适用于孔径大于60埃的孔。因此,孔径小于60埃的孔必须采用其它的方法来测定。一种方法是根据ASTM D-4641-87的氮解吸法来测定孔径小于600埃的孔径。因此,窄孔径分布规定为至少有98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所决定的,并且由氮气解吸法测定的孔径小于600埃的孔体积低于总孔体积(用汞孔率计测定)的2%。
表面积可根据ASTM D-3663-84方法测定。通常,表面积在10米2/克与50米2/克之间,优选在12米2/克与20米2/克之间,最优选在14米2/克与17米2/克之间。
所要求的平均孔径视待氢化的芳族聚合物种类及其分子量而定。为了得到所希望的氢化程度,对于具有较高分子量聚合物的氢化,采用平均孔径较大的载体是优选的。平均孔径通常在1000与5000埃之间,优选在3000与4000埃之间,最优选在3500与4000埃之间。如果表面积保持在指定的水平,则孔径大于500埃也可采用。
在本发明方法中用作载体的二氧化硅可通过硅酸钾的水溶液与胶凝剂(如甲酰胺)相结合、聚合及沥滤而制得,如美国专利4112032中所举的例证。然后,该二氧化硅经水热法镀烧如见IIer,R.K.著的TheChemistry of Silica,John Willey and Sons,1979,第539-544页,该方法通常包括在600℃-850℃下加热二氧化硅,其时在二氧化硅上通过以水饱和的气体2小时或2小时以上。经水热法煅烧可使孔径分布变窄并使平均孔径增大。
用作氢化催化剂的金属可以是能提高氢化速率的任何金属,如镍、钴、铑、钌、钯、铂、其它的第VIII族金属或它们的复配物。铑或铂是优选采用的。然而,对丙烯腈来说,铂是差的氢化催化剂,因此,铂最好不用于丙烯腈共聚物的氢化中。
按照美国专利5110779所述方法,采用本文所述的载体可制得以二氧化硅为载体的催化剂。通过气相沉积、水溶液或非水溶液浸渍后接着进行煅烧、升华或任何其它常规方法可将一种适用的金属或含金属的化合物沉积在载体上,如在表面科学及催化工艺研究(
Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis)中“催化剂成功设计(Successful Design ofCatalysts)”V44第146-158页,1989及实用非均相催化工艺(
Applied Heterogeneous Catalysis),第75-123页,InstituteFrancais du Petrole Publications,1987中所举的实例。对于浸渍方法来说,适用的含金属的化合物可以是含以前所述的、能形成合用的氢化催化剂的金属的任何化合物。这些化合物可以是盐类、配位络合物、有机金属化合物或共价配合物,其中金属卤化物盐类是优选的,而金属氯化物盐类是最优选的。通常,金属用量为以二氧化硅为载体的催化剂的0.1-10%(重量)。优选的用量为0.5-8%(重量),更优选为1-5%(重量,以催化剂总重量计)。
促进剂(如含碱金属、碱土金属或含镧的化合物)也可用来帮助金属在二氧化硅载体上的分布或者有助于反应稳定地进行,虽然促进剂的使用不是优选的。
由于本发明催化剂是高活性的,因而氢化方法中催化剂用量较常规芳族聚合物氢化反应所需用量少得多。通常,每克芳族聚合物需要催化剂低于1克,而优选的是低于0.1克,更优选的是低于0.05克。催化剂用量视方法类型(是否是连续的、半连续的或是间歇的)以及操作条件(如温度、压力和反应时间,一般反应时间从5分钟至5个小时不等)而定。通常,对于连续操作来说,由于催化剂在连续运行过程中可重复使用,因而1份(重量)催化剂可催化反应200000份或200000份以上的芳族聚合物。一般对间歇反应来说,1份(重量)催化剂可催化反应5000份芳族聚合物。较高温度和较高压力也可使催化剂的用量降低。
氢化反应可在没有溶剂的条件下进行,但优选在能溶解聚合物、不会阻碍氢化反应的烃溶剂中进行。优选的溶剂是饱和的溶剂,如环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷、环辛烷、环庚烷、十二烷、二恶烷、二甘醇二甲基醚、四氢呋喃、异戊烷、十氢化萘或它们的混合物。而环己烷是最优选的。
进行氢化反应的温度可以是能发生氢化反应但不会使聚合物明显降解的任何温度。聚合物的降解可以由氢化后Mw的下降、多分散性的增大或玻璃化转变温度的下降来检测。当多分散性在1.0与1.2之间的聚合物在氢化后,其多分散性增大30%或以上时,则规定为该聚合物有明显的降解发生。优选的是聚合物在氢化后,多分散性增大低于20%,最优选低于10%。对于多分散性高于1.2的聚合物来说,氢化后分子量明显降低表面降解已经发生。在这种情况下,规定Mw下降20%或以上时为发生明显的降解。优选的是,氢化后Mw下降低于10%。然而,对于更易于降解的聚合物如聚-α-甲基苯乙烯或其它α取代的乙烯基芳族聚合物,能容许其分子量Mw下降达30%。
一般的氢化温度从50℃至250℃,优选从100℃至200℃,更优选从110℃至180℃,最优选从120℃至160℃。
氢化反应的压力并不是关键,虽然氢化速率随压力增加而提高。一般的压力范围由大气压至10000psig表压,而500psig表压至1500psig表压是优选的。
用惰性气体清扫反应容器,以从反应区域除去氧气。惰性气体包括(但不限于)氮气、氦气、氩气,而氮气是优选的。
氢化剂可以是能产生氢、会有效地氢化芳族聚合物的任何试剂。氢化剂包括(但不限于)氢气、肼以及硼氢化钠。在优选的实施方案中,氢化剂是氢气。
可采用紫外-可见光谱法测定氢化的程度。聚苯乙烯的环己烷溶液在260.5纳米处非常清楚地出现芳环吸收带。在1厘米吸收池中,溶液浓度为每升中含0.004980摩尔芳族聚合物时,该吸收带的吸光度为1.000。经过滤(采用0.50微米“TEFLON”过滤器,Millipore FHUP047)除去催化剂后,将反应混合物置于紫外吸收池中,并测定其吸光度。吸光度是与浓度有关的。通常,氢化的聚合物产物是在较高浓度下测定的,因为在测定吸光度之前是未经稀释的。由于反应溶液的浓度高于标准液15-30倍,少量残留的不饱和物能准确地测定出来。
氢化程度随待氢化的聚合物种类、催化剂用量、操作条件和反应时间而不同。对于如聚苯乙烯和苯乙烯—丁二烯共聚物的聚合物来说,一般的氢化程度高于80%,优选高于99%,更优选高于99.5%,而最优选高于99.9%。聚合物的氢化程度可通过测定氢化的聚合物的吸光度并与未氢化的标准物相比较来确定。换言之,99.9%氢化的聚合物的吸光度会比未氢化聚合物的吸光度低99.9%。对于如聚α-甲基苯乙烯—苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物和乙烯基芳族单体与选自丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸、乙烯、丙烯、马来酸酐、马来酰亚胺、乙酸乙烯基酯及氯乙烯的共聚单体的共聚物来说,氢化程度可能是较低的,且与被氢化的聚合物有关。通常,氢化程度至少可达到10%,优选至少25%,更优选至少50%而最优选至少达到90%。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,芳族聚合物通常是溶解于溶剂中并与适量的以二氧化硅为载体的氢化催化剂一起置于反应器中。反应器是密闭的、用惰性气体吹扫、用氢气加压并加热到所需的温度持续至基本上满足氢化该芳族聚合物所需的时间。从反应器移出氢化聚合物并用任何常规分离催化剂的方法,如过滤或离心将催化剂从氢化的聚合物中分离出来。
本发明的氢化聚合物具有较未氢化的对应聚合物高的玻璃化转变温度。例如,本发明的无规立构氢化聚苯乙烯类聚合物一般按示差扫描量热法(DSC)(加热速率为每分钟3℃)测量的玻璃化转变温度为141℃,优选141℃-147℃,更优选为143℃-147℃,而最优选为145℃-147℃。因此,这类聚合物可应用于要求耐高温的用途,如目前采用聚碳酸酯的那些用途方面。
下面实施例是为了说明本发明,不应认为是对本发明范围的限制。在这些实施例中,所有份数和百分比除另有指明外都是指重量。
氢化程度是按前述的紫外一可见光谱法测定的。
Mw是用凝胶渗透色谱法(除另有说明外)测定的绝对分子量。
在实施例中采用的所有聚合物试样都具有无规立构结构。
实施例
实施例1
A)制备二氧化硅载体
将150克硅酸钾(Kasil#1,PQ公司制造)和10克水置于250毫升烧杯中,在缓慢地添加15克甲酰胺时不断地搅拌使之不产生沉淀。继续搅拌混合物5分钟直至得到均匀透明的溶液为止。然后将该混合物放置在80℃烘箱中5小时,于是,二氧化硅聚合。将二氧化硅从烧杯取出并将其粉碎成小于8目,用500毫升1摩尔/升(M)乙酸、500毫升1摩尔/升乙酸铵洗涤,最后用500毫升80℃的1摩尔/升乙酸铵洗涤。洗涤后的二氧化硅放在外径1.0英寸石英管中,让空气室温流通过二氧化硅上方。然后使二氧化硅经水热法煅烧。操作步骤如下:将二氧化硅以3.5℃/分的加热速率从25℃加热至850℃,一旦温度达到150℃,在继续加热的同时通入经鼓泡器以水饱和的空气。在850℃继续等温煅烧2小时,然后将二氧化硅用以水饱和的空气冷却到350℃,当温度达到350℃时,除去饱和器并用干燥的80℃空气流冷却二氧化硅,然后从石英管中取出二氧化硅。下面数据是经汞孔率计测定的孔尺寸分布。
孔体积 1.37厘米3/克
总孔面积 14.2米2/克
中值孔径(体积) 3845埃
中值孔径(面积) 3672埃
平均孔径(4V/A) 3817埃
采用上述相同的方法制备了三批二氧化硅,数据列于表1。表1中表面积是按ASTM D-3663-84方法测定的。
表1
试样 | 孔体积(厘米3/克) | 平均孔径(4V/A)(埃) | 表面积(米2/克) |
1 | 1.4 | 3800 | 14 |
2 | 1.6 | 3600 | 17 |
3 | 1.5 | 3900 | 15 |
但是,单独以汞孔率计检验孔尺寸分布是不可靠的,因为汞孔率计对小于60埃的孔是不灵敏的。氮解吸技术可测量小于600埃的孔,采用该技术,按上述试样1制备的二氧化硅,其小于100埃的孔的积累孔体积为0.006厘米3/克,较320埃的孔的积累孔体积为0.013厘米3/克小,而小于600埃的孔的积累孔体积为0.016厘米3/克。因此,小于600埃的孔的积累孔体积是大于60埃的孔的积累孔体积的1.1%。
B1)5% Rh/SiO2催化剂的制备
5% Rh/SiO2催化剂是由水热法煅烧过的二氧化硅(A)经浸渍制成的。将RhCl3(H2O)2.5(0.65克)溶解于16.5毫升水中。然后将该溶液添加到5.0克经水热法煅烧的并经空气干燥过夜的二氧化硅(A)中。用研钵将催化剂研碎至小于100目。将催化剂置于用氮气吹扫过的外径为1.0英寸的玻璃管中,然后使氢气流流过催化剂,使催化剂还原。在流动的氢气中以10℃/分的升温速率使温度从25℃直线上升至250℃,并在250℃保温2小时。在流动的氢气流中使催化剂冷却。
B2)5% Pt/SiO2催化剂的制备
5% Pt/SiO2催化剂是由水热法煅烧过的二氧化硅(A)经浸渍制成的。将H2PtCl6·6(H2O)(0.70克)溶解于16.5毫升水中。然后将该溶液添加到5.0克经水热法煅烧的并经空气干燥过夜的二氧化硅(A)中。用研钵将催化剂研碎至小于100目。将催化剂置于用氮气吹扫过的外径为1.0英寸的玻璃管中,然后使氢气流流过催化剂,使催化剂还原。在流动的氢气中,以10℃/分的升温速率使温度从25℃直线上升至250℃,并在250℃保温2小时。在流动的氢气中使催化剂冷却。
实施例2
聚苯乙烯的氢化
两份3克聚苯乙烯(Mw约为100000,Mw/Mn为1.09)溶于156克环己烷(200毫升)中的溶液分别置于300毫升Parr反应器中。其中一个反应器中放入按实施例1(B1)制备的0.8克5% Rh/SiO2催化剂,而另一反应器中放入从Engelhard公司获得的1.0克5% Pd/BaSO4催化剂以作对照。将两反应器密闭,用氮气吹扫并用氢气加压至最终达到1300psig。然后加热反应器至130℃并将压力调整至1500psig,使反应进行4小时。结果列于表II。
表II
催化剂 | 来源 | 氢化百分比 | 催化剂/聚合物比率 |
5%Rh/SiO2 | 实施例1(B1) | >99.9 | 0.27 |
对照实施例5%Pd/BaSO4 | Engelhard公司 | 14 | 0.33 |
在催化剂与聚合物比率为0.27时,经测定,本发明催化剂的氢化程度高于99.9%,而Mw/Mn为1.10,由此说明聚合物没有发生明显的降解。分析四个氢化聚合物试样得到平均Tg为146.2℃±0.5。
在催化剂与聚合物比率为0.3时,以碱土金属为载体的Pd金属催化剂显示很低的氢化程度。
实施例3
聚苯乙烯的氢化
将3克聚苯乙烯(Mw约为300000)溶解于156克(200毫升)环己烷中并置于容有0.8克如表III所列催化剂的300毫升Parr反应器中。按实施例1(B1)和(B2)制备以二氧化硅为载体的催化剂。密闭反应器并用氮气吹扫,用氢气加压至最终达到1300psig。然后将反应器加热至140℃,调整压力至1500psig,使反应进行6小时。分析反应产物,结果列于表III。
表III
催化剂 | 来源 | 氢化百分比 |
5%Pt/SiO2 | 实施例1(B2) | 99.7 |
5%Rh/SiO2 | 实施例1(B1) | 99.9 |
对照实施例5%Rh/Al2O3 | Engelhard公司 | 7 |
在催化剂与聚合物比率为0.27时,本发明催化剂显示的氢化程度较已知氢化催化剂高得多。分析四个用5% Pt/SiO2催化剂催化的氢化聚合物,它们的平均Tg为146.6℃±0.6。
实施例4
Mw为196700聚苯乙烯的氢化(催化剂与聚合物的比率为0.27)。
将3克聚苯乙烯(Mw196700)溶解于235克的50℃环己烷中并将其置于含有0.8克按实施例1(B2)制备的5%还原的Pt/SiO2催化剂的300毫升Parr反应器中。密闭反应器,用氮气吹扫并用氢气加压至最终达到1300psig。然后加热反应器至138℃,调整压力至1500psig,使反应进行7小时。分析产物显示,聚合物氢化达99.94%,Mw为181400,由此说明聚合物没有发生明显的降解。
实施例5
聚苯乙烯的氢化(催化剂与聚合物的比率为0.07)。
将200克聚苯乙烯(Mw约为200000)加到含有2300克环己烷的5加仑反应器中。用氮气吹扫反应器并添加13.5克按实施例1(B2)制备的5%还原的Pt/SiO2催化剂。密闭反应器,用氮气吹扫用氢气加压到500psig并加热到150℃。调整压力至875psig并且在150℃下保持这一压力。55分钟后取样显示,氢化达94.3%,110分钟后取样显示,氢化达98.4%。
在催化剂与聚合物比率为0.07情况下得到了高的氢化程度。
实施例6
采用5% Pt/SiO2与5% Pt/硅藻土对聚苯乙烯进行氢化的比较
将5克Mw大约为100000、Mw/Mn为1.05的聚苯乙烯加到含235克环己烷的500毫升反应器中进行两个实验。在一个反应器中添加按实施例1(B2)制备的5% Pt/SiO2催化剂,而另一反应器添加按照美国专利5110779制造的5% Pt/硅藻土催化剂以进行比较。将反应器密闭、用氮气吹扫,用氢气充压至1000psig并加热到140℃。调整压力至1500psig,让反应器在140℃和1500psig下保持4小时。结果列于表IV。
表IV
催化剂 | 催化剂重量(克) | 氢化百分比 | Mw/Mn |
5%Pt/SiO2 | 1.7 | 99.8 | 1.05 |
对照实施例5%Pt/硅藻土 | 2.0 | 90.0 | 1.05 |
本发明催化剂的特性显示,在本发明催化剂与聚合合物比率为0.34时的氢化程度较5% Pt/硅藻土在催化剂与聚合物比率为0。4时的氢化程度还高得多。
实施例7
聚α-甲基苯乙烯的氢化
将3.0克聚α-甲基苯乙烯(用小角激光光散射法(LALLS)测量的Mw为299000)溶解于235克50℃的环己烷中,并将其置于含有0.8克按实施例1(B1)制备的5%还原的Rh/SiO2催化剂的300毫升Parr反应器中。密闭反应器,用氮气吹扫并用氢气充压至最终压力为1300psig。然后加热反应器至138℃并调整压力至1500psig,使反应进行7小时。分析反应产物显示,氢化程度达99.85%,Mw几乎没有变化(用LALLS测量为213000),由此表明聚合物没有发生明显的降解。
实施例8
苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯的氢化
将5克苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(Kraton D-1107,ShellChemical Co.产品)添加到含235克环己烷的500毫升反应器中。在惰性气氛下,向反应器添加0.8克按实施例1(B2)制备的5%还原的Pt/SiO2。然后密闭反应器,用氮气吹扫,然后充以氢气至压力为1000psig并加热至120℃,调整压力至1500psig。使反应器在120℃和1500psig下保持4小时。产物中烯烃部分已完全氢化,而芳族部分氢化程度为98.5%。
本发明方法能成功地应用于含烯属不饱和与芳族不饱和的聚合物。
实施例9
苯乙烯丙烯腈共聚物的氢化
将4克含75%(重量)苯乙烯的苯乙烯丙烯腈共聚物添加到含220克四氢呋喃的500毫升反应器中。在惰性气氛下将1.5克5%还原的Rh/SiO2样品添加到该混合物中。然后封闭反应器,用氮气吹扫,充以氢气至压力为1000psig,并加热至120℃。然后将温度升至160℃并调整压力至1500psig。7小时后冷却反应器并放空至大气压力,过滤聚合物溶液滤出催化剂。分析产物表明,聚合物芳族部分的氢化程度为17%。
Claims (35)
1.以二氧化硅为载体的金属催化剂,其特征在于二氧化硅的表面积至少为10米2/克,以及用汞孔率计测定时窄孔尺寸分布达到至少98%的孔体积由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定,以及孔径小于600埃的孔的孔体积用氮解吸法测定时低于汞孔率计测定时总孔体积的2%。
2.权利要求1的催化剂,其中表面积为10米2/克-50米2/克。
3.权利要求1的催化剂,其中金属是钴、镍、钌、铑、钯、铂或它们的混合物。
4.权利要求3的催化剂,其中金属是铂或铑。
5.权利要求1的催化剂,其中孔的平均直径为3000-5000埃。
6.按以下方法制备的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,包括:在以二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂存在下,使芳族聚合物与氢化剂相接触,使至少80%芳族聚合物被氢化,该方法的特征在于二氧化硅的表面积至少为10米2/克,以及孔尺寸分布达到用汞孔率计测定时至少有98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定的,以及用氮解吸法测定时孔径小于600埃的孔的用汞孔率计测定时孔体积低于总孔体积的2%。
7.权利要求6的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中氢化剂选自氢、肼及硼氢化钠。
8.权利要求7的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中氢化剂是氢。
9.权利要求6的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中金属是钴、镍、钌、铑、钯、铂或它们的混合物。
10.权利要求6的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中金属是铂或铑。
11.权利要求6的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中孔的平均直径为3000-5000埃。
12.权利要求11的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中表面积为10米2/克-50米2/克。
13.权利要求6的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中催化剂与聚合物的重量比率为0.5或更低。
14.权利要求13的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中每5000-200000份芳族聚合物添加1份(重量)催化剂。
15.权利要求6的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中芳族聚合物是聚苯乙烯。
16.权利要求6的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中芳族聚合物的Mw在100000至3000000之间。
17.权利要求6的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物,其中氢化反应是在50°至250℃之间的温度下进行的。
18.玻璃化转变温度用DSC法在加热速率为3℃/分下测定时至少为143℃的氢化聚苯乙烯聚合物。
19.在以二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂的存在下使共聚物与氢化剂相接触制备的苯乙烯与α-甲基苯乙烯的氢化的共聚物,其特征在于二氧化硅的表面积至少为10米2/克,以及窄孔尺寸分布用汞孔率计测定时达到至少有98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定的,以及用氮解吸法测定时孔径小于600埃的孔的孔体积用汞孔率计测定时低于总孔体积的2%。
20.在二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂的存在下,使共聚物与氢化剂接触制备的苯乙烯-丁二烯或苯乙烯-异戊二烯氢化的嵌段共聚物,其特征在于二氧化硅表面积至少为10米2/克,窄孔尺寸分布用汞孔率计测定时达到至少有98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定的,以及孔径小于600埃的孔用氮解吸法测定时的孔体积用汞孔率计测定时低于总孔体积的2%。
21.在以二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂的存在下,使共聚物与氢化剂接触制备的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯氢化的三嵌段共聚物,其特征在于二氧化硅的表面积至少为10米2/克,窄孔尺寸分布用汞孔率计测定时达到至少有98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定的,以及用氮解吸法测定时孔径小于600埃的孔的孔体积用汞孔率计测定时低于总孔体积的2%。
22.在以二氧化硅为载体的金属氢化催化剂的存在下,使聚合物与氢化剂接触制备的冲击改性、含芳族聚合物的氢化的接枝橡胶,其特征在于二氧化硅的表面积至少为10米2/克,窄孔尺寸分布达到用汞孔率计测定时至少有98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定的,以及孔径用氮解吸法测定时小于600埃的孔的孔体积用汞孔率计测定时低于总孔体积的2%。
23.乙烯基芳族单体与选自丁二烯、异戊二烯、腈、丙烯酸酯、酸、乙烯、丙烯、马来酸酐、马来酰亚胺、乙酸乙烯酯及氯乙烯的共聚单体的氢化共聚物。
24.乙烯基芳族聚合物和丙烯腈的氢化的共聚物。
25.α-甲基苯乙烯氢化的均聚物。
26.一种二氧化硅,表面积至少为10米2/克,孔尺寸分布达到用汞孔率计测定时至少有98%的孔体积是由孔径大于600埃的孔所确定,用氮解吸法测定时孔径小于600埃的孔的用汞孔率计测定时孔体积低于总孔体积的2%。
27.权利要求26的二氧化硅,其中孔的平均直径为1000-5000埃。
28.权利要求27的二氧化硅,其中孔的平均直径为3000-4000埃。
29.权利要求28的二氧化硅,其中孔的平均直径为3500-4000埃。
30.权利要求26的二氧化硅,其中表面积为约10米2/克-50米2/克。
31.权利要求30的二氧化硅,其中表面积为约12米2/克-20米2/克。
32.权利要求31的二氧化硅,其中表面积为约14米2/克-17米2/克。
33.一种制备权利要求26的二氧化硅的方法,该方法包括:
a)使硅酸钾、水和胶凝剂相结合制成混合物,
b)使混合物聚合形成聚合的二氧化硅,
c)水热法煅烧该二氧化硅。
34.权利要求33的方法,其中胶凝剂是甲酰胺。
35.权利要求33的方法,其中在600~850℃温度下进行水热法煅烧。
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- 1996-04-16 DE DE69602743T patent/DE69602743T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-16 EP EP96912797A patent/EP0823916B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-16 BR BR9608697A patent/BR9608697A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN104704083A (zh) * | 2012-10-08 | 2015-06-10 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 液化纤维素材料的方法 |
US9416319B2 (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2016-08-16 | Shell Oil Company | Process for liquefying a cellulosic material |
CN104704083B (zh) * | 2012-10-08 | 2016-08-31 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 液化纤维素材料的方法 |
CN111601857A (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-08-28 | 胜牌许可和知识产权有限公司 | 氢化α苯乙烯二聚物的可规模化合成 |
CN111601857B (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2022-03-04 | 胜牌许可和知识产权有限公司 | 氢化α苯乙烯二聚物的可规模化合成 |
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CA2217207A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
EP0842698A2 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
CN1177866C (zh) | 2004-12-01 |
DE69602743T2 (de) | 1999-10-07 |
EP0823916B1 (en) | 1999-06-02 |
BR9608697A (pt) | 1999-07-06 |
CN1183787A (zh) | 1998-06-03 |
CO4560454A1 (es) | 1998-02-10 |
US5700878A (en) | 1997-12-23 |
WO1996034896A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
DE69602743D1 (de) | 1999-07-08 |
JP4111540B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
CN1117103C (zh) | 2003-08-06 |
EP0842698B1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
DE69628304T2 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
HK1008229A1 (en) | 1999-05-07 |
ES2132918T3 (es) | 1999-08-16 |
JPH11504959A (ja) | 1999-05-11 |
EP0842698A3 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
TW419488B (en) | 2001-01-21 |
DE69628304D1 (de) | 2003-06-26 |
US5612422A (en) | 1997-03-18 |
EP0823916A1 (en) | 1998-02-18 |
MX9708469A (es) | 1998-02-28 |
AU5548796A (en) | 1996-11-21 |
US5654253A (en) | 1997-08-05 |
AU703098B2 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
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