CN1384882A - 植物脂肪酸去饱和酶基因 - Google Patents
植物脂肪酸去饱和酶基因 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1384882A CN1384882A CN00812280A CN00812280A CN1384882A CN 1384882 A CN1384882 A CN 1384882A CN 00812280 A CN00812280 A CN 00812280A CN 00812280 A CN00812280 A CN 00812280A CN 1384882 A CN1384882 A CN 1384882A
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备不饱和或饱和脂肪酸的方法,以及制备具有不饱和脂肪酸或饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三酯的方法。本发明还涉及一种核酸序列,一种核酸构建体,包含了至少一段核酸序列和一种核酸构建体的载体和生物。此外,本发明涉及饱和或不饱和脂肪酸以及具有不饱和脂肪酸或饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三酯及其应用。
Description
本发明涉及制备不饱和或饱和脂肪酸的方法,以及制备具有不饱和脂肪酸或饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三酯的方法。
本发明还涉及一种核酸序列;一种核酸构建体;具有至少一段核酸序列和一种核酸构建体的载体和生物。此外,本发明涉及饱和或不饱和脂肪酸以及具有不饱和脂肪酸或饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三酯及其应用。
脂肪酸和甘油三酯被广泛应用于食品加工,动物饲料,化妆品及制药。根据是游离的饱和或不饱和的脂肪酸,还是具有不饱和脂肪酸或饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三酯,它们具有很多应用,例如,将多不饱和脂肪酸添加在婴儿的食品配方中以提高食品的营养价值。各种类型的脂肪酸和甘油三酯主要来源于微生物,如被孢酶属;或者来源于油料作物如大豆,油菜籽,向日葵和其它一些作物,并且通常以三酰甘油酯的形式存在。此外,还可以从动物如鱼的体内获得这些脂肪酸和甘油三酯,。游离的脂肪酸可通过甘油三酯的水解来制取。
最终用途决定了是优选含有不饱和脂肪酸还是含有饱和脂肪酸的油类,例如,由于含有不饱和脂肪酸尤其是多不饱和脂肪酸的脂类能够有效的降低血液中胆固醇,减少心脏病的发作,更适合人类的营养需要,所以这种脂类被用于各种营养食品和药剂中。
人们探寻更具有实用价值的不饱和脂肪酸即所谓的共轭不饱和脂肪酸,如共轭亚油酸,并且发现了共轭脂肪酸一系列的正面作用效果;比如,服用共轭亚油酸可以减少人或动物身上的脂肪,在动物养殖中提高饲料的转化率。(WO 94/16690,WO96/06604,WO97/46230,WO97/46118)。通过服用共轭亚油酸,还可能对过敏症(WO97/32008)和癌症(Banni等,Carcinogenesis,Vol.20,1999:1019-1024,Thompson等,Cancer,Res.,Vol.57,1997:5067-5072)的治疗具有良好效果。
共轭脂肪酸,如金盏酸(calendulic acid)或共轭亚油酸的化学制备方法,见US 3,356,699和US 4,164,505.。金盏酸在自然界存在于金盏花中(U1'chenko等,Chemistry of Natural Compouds,34,1998:272-274),在牛肉(Chin等,Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,5,1992:185-197)中发现了共轭亚油酸。生化化学合成金盏酸的研究见Crombie等,J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.,15,1984:953-955 and J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.,1,1985:2425-2434。
由于共轭脂肪酸的良性作用,过去人们曾经尝试从多种生物体中获得了参与脂肪酸和甘油三酯合成的基因,用以生产含有不同不饱和脂肪酸含量的油类。如WO 91/13972和它的美国同族专利描述的Δ-9-去饱和酶;WO93/11245要求的Δ-15-去饱和酶;WO 94/11516的Δ-12-去饱和酶;WO93/06712和WO 96/21022所要求的Δ-6-去饱和酶。其他去饱和酶的描述见EP-A-0 550 162,WO 94/18337,WO 97/30582,WO 97/21340,WO 95/18222,EP-A-0 794 250,Stukey等,J.,Biol.Chem.,265,1990:20144-20149,Wada等,Nature 347,1990:200-203或Huang等,Lipids 34,1999:649-659。因为酶是膜结合蛋白,分离和鉴定都很困难,所以各种去饱和酶的生化特性尚不完全清楚(Mckeon等,Methods in Enzymol.71,1981:12141-12147,Wang等,Plant Physiol.Biochem.,26,1988:777-792)。
在酵母中发现了脂肪酸的光谱向不饱和脂肪酸移动,并且脂肪酸的产量增加。(见Huang等,Lipids 34,1999:649-659,Napier等,Biochem.J.,Vol.330,1998:611-614)然而,在转基因植物中各种去饱和酶的表达没有达到预期结果,虽然证实了脂肪酸的光谱向不饱和脂肪酸移动,但是同时转基因植物中的合成产物严重减少,即从转基因植物中分离出的油量比从原植物分离出的油量少。
因此,现在急需寻找一种新基因,它编码的酶参与生物合成不饱和脂肪酸,并且可以使后者,尤其是共轭不饱和脂肪酸的合成与生产达到工业化水平。
本发明的目的旨在为共轭不饱和脂肪酸的合成提供其他类型的去饱和酶。
我们已经发现可以通过一种分离的核酸序列实现这一目的,它编码具有去饱和酶活性的多肽,这样的核酸序列选自:
a)具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的核酸序列。
b)从SEQ ID NO:1所示序列中通过遗传密码子的简并衍生出的核酸
序列。
c)SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的衍生序列,它能够编码具有如SEQ ID NO:
2所示的氨基酸序列的多肽,并且在氨基酸水平上具有至少75%的同源性,
不会较大的减少多肽的酶活性。
衍生序列是指由此序列编码的酶与SEQ ID NO:1序列编码的酶是同功能酶,或者是具有相同的酶活性,即催化同一酶反应过程,而且这些基因可以用来制备共轭不饱和脂肪酸。在下文中,不饱和脂肪酸指单或多不饱和脂肪酸,其双键可以是共轭的或非共轭的。SEQ ID NO:1所示序列编码了一种新的未知的去饱和酶,它在金盏花中参与金盏酸的合成。由于此去饱和酶能将(9Z,12Z)十八碳二烯酸/亚油酸转变为(8E,10E,12Z)十八碳共轭三烯酸/金盏酸,所以在下文被命名为金盏酸去饱和酶。
利用本发明中的核酸序列或其片断,采用同源筛选的方法,可以进一步对基因组序列进行分离。
上述衍生序列还可以从其他一些真核生物中分离得到,例如,植物有Calendula stellata,Osteospermum spinesens或Osteospermumhyoseroides藻类,原生生物如dinoflagellates,真菌。
此外,SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的衍生序列或功能性的衍生序列含义是等位基因的变异体,在衍生的氨基酸的水平上具有至少75%的同源性,较好的可以达到80%,更好的可以达到85%,最好的能够达到90%的同源性。同源性的计算是在整个氨基酸范围内进行的,采用的程序是PileUp(J.Mol.Evolution.,25(1987),351-360,Higgins等,CABIOS,5 1989:151-153),由上述核酸序列衍生的氨基酸序列见SEQ ID NO:2所示的序列。等位基因的变异体,具体的来说,包括功能性的变异体,它是通过对SEQ IDNO:1所示序列中核苷酸进行缺失、插入、取代后获得,并且仍保持了衍生的合成蛋白的酶活性。
从SEQ ID NO:1所示序列或此序列的某一部分开始的DNA序列,可以利用如常规的杂交方法或PCR技术,从如上文所述的其他的真核生物中分离得到上述DNA序列。在标准的条件下这些DNA序列可以与所述的序列杂交。对于杂交最好选用短的寡聚核苷酸,例如来自于保守区域的寡聚核苷酸,它可以由本领域熟练技术人员通过与其他去饱和酶基因进行比较来确定。
或者,可以利用本发明中的核酸的较长片断或者是全序列进行杂交。根据所用的核酸长度的不同:寡聚核苷酸,较长的片断,还是全序列,或者根据所用的核酸类型不同:RNA或DNA,杂交的标准条件是变化的。这样,DNA:DNA杂交体的熔点温度大约是10℃,低于相同长度的DNA:RNA杂交体的熔点温度。
根据核酸的不同,标准条件的含义是,温度42-58℃,浓度为0.1-5×SSC(1×SSC=0.15M NaCl,15mM柠檬酸钠,pH 7.2)缓冲水溶液,此外还可以加入50%甲酰胺,例如42℃,5×SSC,50%甲酰胺。
DNA:DNA杂交体的杂交条件为0.1×SSC,温度大约20-45℃,优选温度约30-45℃。DNA:RNA杂交体的杂交条件为0.1×SSC,温度大约30-55℃,优选温度大约45-55℃。以上所述的杂交温度,是在甲酰胺存在的条件下,以长度约为100个核苷酸,G+C的含量为50%的核酸为例,计算所得的熔点温度。在有关的遗传学教科书中都有说明,如由Sambrook等编写的“Molecular Cloning”,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,1989;DNA杂交的实验条件还可以利用技术人员所知道的以核酸长度,杂交类型及G+C含量为函数的公式计算得到。技术人员可以在以下教科书中查询到有关杂交的详细资料:Ausubel等,(eds),1985,分子生物学现行方法(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,John Wiley & Sons,NewYork);Hams and Higgins(eds),1985,核酸杂交:一种实用方法(NucleicAcids Hybridization:A Practical Approach,IRL Press at OxfordUniversity Press,Oxford);Brown(ed),1991,Essential MolecularBiology:基础分子生物学:一种实用方法(A Practical Approach,IRLPress at Oxford University Press,Oxford).
衍生序列可以是SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的同源序列,例如,真核生物的同源序列,被截短的序列,编码或非编码的DNA序列的单链DNA或RNA。
序列SEQ ID NO:1的同源序列还以是启动子变异体等衍生序列。启动子可以通过一个或几个核苷酸的交换,插入和/或删除而发生变异,但并不会严重影响启动子的功效,而且可以通过序列的改变或者与其他生物体包括其他种类的效率更大的启动子进行完全交换来提高启动子的功效。
衍生序列也可以是这类变异体,它的位于起始密码子上游的从-1到-2000区域核苷酸序列发生改变,并引起基因和/或蛋白质表达改变,尤其是表达增强;而且,衍生序列也可以是3末端发生变化的变异体。
为得到生物体的异源基因的最优化的表达,可以依照生物体实际使用的特定密码子改变核酸序列。用计算机评估所研究的生物体其他已知的基因,可以很容易确定实际使用的特定密码子。
根据本发明的方法,编码金盏酸去饱和酶的基因可以与其他的脂肪酸生物合成基因相结合。
本发明中的氨基酸序列所指的蛋白质,它包含了一段如SEQ ID NO:2所示的氨基酸序列;或者包含将此序列中的一个或几个氨基酸残基经取代、转化、插入、或删除而得到的序列,同时SEQ ID NO:2所示的蛋白质的酶活性仍被保持或者没有被明显减小。所谓没有被明显减小意思是说所有的酶仍保持了至少10%,好的保持了20%,更好的保持了30%的原始酶的酶活性。例如,某种氨基酸可能被其他具有相似物理化学性质(空间结构、酸碱性、疏水性等)的氨基酸所取代,包括精氨酸残基与赖氨酸残基交换,缬氨酸残基与异亮氨酸残基交换,天冬氨酸残基与谷氨酸残基交换。另外,还可以交换序列,加入或去除一个或几个氨基酸,或者这两种或几种方式相结合。
本发明中的核酸构建体或核酸片断所指的序列包括SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列,由遗传密码的简并性产生的序列和/或它们的功能性或非功能性的衍生序列。所有这些序列在功能上与一个或几个调节信号相连,有利于增大基因表达。调节序列是诸如一些连接着诱导子或抑制子的序列,用以调节核酸的表达。除了这些新形成的调节序列之外,位于结构基因的上游的序列的天然调节可能仍然存在,而且如果需要的话,还可以从遗传上改变,如关闭这些序列自然调节作用,进而增强基因表达。然而,基因构建体的表达也可以具有较简单的结构,即在序列或其衍生序列的上游没有附加的调节信号插入,而具有调节作用的天然启动子仍保留。相反,天然的调节序列可以发生变异,即不再起调节作用且基因的表达量增加。这些经过改造的启动子,也可以被独立的置于原基因的上游以增加活性。此外,基因构建体最好还包括一个或几个所谓的增强子序列,增强子与启动子有效连接,能够增加核酸序列的表达。在DNA序列的3’也可以插入一些附加的有利的序列,如其它调节元件或终止子。在这一基因构建体中可以包含金盏酸去饱和酶基因的一个或多个拷贝。
用于本发明方法中的优选调节序列可位于如下启动子序列中:cos,tac,trp,tet,trp-tet,lpp,lac,lpp-lac,lacIq,T7,T5,T3,gal,trc,ara,SP6,λ-PR或λ-PL,以上这些启动子适用于革兰氏阴性菌。其他的优选调节序列位于革兰氏阳性菌的启动子amy和SPO2,酵母和真菌的启动子ADC1,MFα,AC,P-60,CYC1,GAPDH,TEF,rp28,ADH,或植物的启动子CaMV/35S[Franck等,21(1980)285-294],PRP1[Ward等,Plant.Mol.Biol.22(1993)],SSU,OCS,lib4,STLS1,B33,nos,或泛蛋白启动子序列中。其他适用的植物启动子包括苯磺酰胺-诱导的启动子(EP388186),四环素-诱导的启动子(Gatz等,(1992)Plant J.2,397-404),脱落酸-诱导的启动子(EP 335528),乙醇-或环己酮-诱导的启动子(WO9321334)。其他的植物启动子还包括马铃薯胞液果糖二磷酸酶启动子,马铃薯ST-LSI启动子(Stockhaus等,EMBO J.8(1989)2445-245),甘氨酸磷酸核糖苷焦磷酸酰胺转移酶启动子(参见Gene Bank编号U87999)或如在EP 249676中所述的节点特异性的启动子。适用的启动子具体是指能够确保在植物的组织或部位进行表达,并合成脂肪或其前体。需要强调的是那些具有种子特异性表达的启动子如:USP启动子,LEB4启动子,云扁豆蛋白(phaseolin)启动子,napin启动子。
原则上,所有如上所述的具有调节序列的天然启动子都可以用于本发明的方法中。另外,还可以选用人工合成的启动子。
如上所述,被引入生物体的核酸片断(=基因构建体,核酸构建体)可以包含更多的基因。这些基因可以处于单独的调节,也可以与本发明的去饱和酶基因处于同一个调节区域。这些基因是其他的合成基因,主要是增加脂肪酸和磷脂的生物合成。可列举的基因的例子包括用来编码Δ15-,Δ12-,Δ9-,Δ6-,Δ5-去饱和酶,各种羟化酶,乙炔化酶,酰基-ACP硫酯酶,β-酮酰-AC合成酶,酰基转移酶如二酰基甘油酰基转移酶,甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶,溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶,β-酮酰-AC还原酶的基因。在核酸构建体中,优先采用去饱和酶基因,尤其是Δ12-去饱和酶基因。
为了在宿主生物包括微生物如真菌或植物内进行表达,优选将核酸片断插入一个载体,如质粒,噬菌体或者其他类型的DNA,载体可以使基因在宿主内得到最好的表达。比较适用的质粒包括:在E.coli中有pLG338,pACYC184,pBR322,pUC18,pUC19,pKC30,pRep4,pHS1,pHS2,pPLc236,pMBL24,pLG200,pUR290,pIN-III113-B1,λgt11,pBdCI;在链霉菌中有pIJ101,pIJ364,pIJ702,pIJ361;在杆状菌中有pUB110,pC94,pBD214;在棒状杆菌中有pSA77,pAJ667;在真菌中有pALS1,pIL2,pBB116;在酵母中有2μM,pAG-1,YEp6,YEp13,pEMBLYe23;在植物中pLGV23,pGHlac+,pBIN19,pAK2004,pVKH,pDH51;以及这些质粒的衍生质粒。在此列出的质粒仅占可以用作载体的质粒的小部分。其它的是技术人员熟悉的并且可以在Cloning Vectors(Eds.Pouwels P.H.等 Elsevier,Amsterdam-NewYork-Oxford,1985,ISBN 0 444 904018)一书中查到。适用的植物载体在“植物分子生物学和生物技术方法”(CRC Press),Chapter 6/7,pp.71-119.一文中有描述。
除了质粒之外,众所周知的其它载体有:噬菌体;病毒有SV40,CMV,杆状病毒,腺病毒,转座子,插入序列元件,噬菌粒,粘粒,线状或环状DNA。在宿主中载体实行自主复制,或染色体复制,优选染色体复制。
载体应该具有至少一个拷贝的本发明的核酸序列,和/或本发明的核酸片断。
为了增加基因的拷贝数,可以将此核酸序列或其同源基因引入核酸片断或载体,核酸片断或载体优选含有目的基因的调节基因序列或具有类似起着启动子作用的活性,具体地说,所应用的调节序列能够增加基因的表达。
为了表达核酸片断所包含的其他基因,核酸片断中最好还具有3’端和/或5’端调节序列以增加表达,根据所选择的宿主和不同的基因筛选这些序列,以得到最优化的表达。
调节基因应该定向地进行基因表达和蛋白质表达,这意味着,根据宿主生物的不同,基因的表达和/或过表达是在诱导之后开始还是立即开始。
优选对引入基因的基因表达具有正效应,即增加基因表达的调节序列或调节因子,因此,可以在转录水平通过利用强转录信号如启动子和/或增强子来强化调节元件。另外,也可以通过如提高mRNA的稳定性的方法来加强转译作用。
有关载体的其它实施方案中,本发明的基因构建体应能够以线性DNA的形式被引入宿主,并且通过异源或同源重组的方式整合到宿主的基因组。线状DNA可以由一个线性化的质粒组成,或仅由作为载体的核酸片断组成,或由本发明中的核酸序列组成。
将本发明的核酸序列克隆成携带至少一个报告基因的核酸构建体,然后被引入宿主基因组。在以下检测试验中报告基因应该具有易探测性:生长试验,荧光性试验,化学检验,生物发光试验,抗性试验,或者光度测定。报告基因包括对抗生素或除草剂具有抗性的基因,水解酶基因,荧光蛋白基因,生物发光基因,蔗糖代谢基因,核苷代谢基因,或者是生物合成基因如Ura3基因,Ilv2基因,荧光素酶基因,β-半乳糖苷酶基因,gfp基因,2-脱氧葡萄糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶基因,β-葡糖苷酸酶基因,β-内酰胺酶基因,新霉素磷酸转移酶基因,潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因,BASTA(gluphosinate)抗性基因。这些基因的存在可以很容易地对转录活性即基因表达进行检测和量化,这样可以鉴定显示不同生产力的基因组位点。
在另一有利实施方案中,本发明中的核酸序列也可以单独地被引入进宿主。
如果要将本发明中的核酸序列之外的其他基因引入宿主生物体,可将所有的基因置于携带一个报告基因的单一载体上后引入宿主生物体,或者每一个基因各有一个载体并携带一个报告基因,各个载体可以同时或相继被引入宿主。
宿主应该包含至少一个拷贝的本发明的核酸序列和/或核酸构建体。
原则上,本发明的核酸序列,核酸构建体,或载体都可以通过所知的方法被引入宿主生物(如植物)。
对于微生物,技术人员可从以下教科书中找到适宜的方法Sambrook,J(1989)等人分子克隆:实验手册(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press);F.M.Ausubel等(1994),分子生物学的现行方法(John Wiley and Sons);D.M.Glover等,DNA克隆(Vol.1,(1995),IRL Press(ISBN019-963476-9);Kaiser等(1994),酵母遗传学方法(Cold Spring HarborLaboratoty Press);或Guthrie等,酵母遗传学和分子生物学指南(Methods in Enzymology,1994,Academic Press).
将外来基因转移嵌入植物的基因组称转化作用。从植物组织和植物细胞转化和再生植株的方法可被用做暂时的或稳定的转化。适用的方法是原生质体转化,它可通过聚乙烯-乙二醇-诱导的DNA吸收,利用基因枪,电穿孔,DNA溶液干胚胎培育,显微注射,土壤杆菌介导的基因转移来完成。这些方法的描述见:B Jenes等,基因转移技术;S.D.Kung和R.Wu编写的转基因植物,Vol.1,Engineering and Utilization,Academic Press(1993)128-143;Potrykus,植物生理和植物分子生物学年鉴42(1991)205-225)。将要表达的基因构建体优先克隆到一个适于转化根癌土壤杆菌的载体上,如pBin19(Bevan等,Nucl.Acids Res.12(1984)8711),利用根癌土壤杆菌转化植物的方法见Hofen和Willmitzer Nucl.Acid Res.16(1988)9877。
经本发明的表达载体转化后的土壤杆菌,可以用已知的方式去转化植物包括试验植物拟南芥属,农作物尤其是油料作物如大豆、花生、蓖麻、向日葵、玉米、棉花、亚麻、油菜籽、椰子树、油棕榈树、红花(carthemustinctorius)、可可,转化的方法如将受伤的叶子或部分叶片在土壤杆菌溶液浸泡,再转入适当的培养基培养。
遗传上发生了改变的植物细胞可以得到再生,所采用的方法是技术人员都熟悉的,比较适用的方法可从上文提到的S.D.Kunghe和R.Wu,Potrykus或者Hofgen和Willmitzer等人编写的出版物中查询。
原则上,能够合成脂肪酸尤其是不饱和脂肪酸,并且适于表达重组基因的所有的生物,都适合用作的本发明中的核酸序列、核酸构建体和载体的宿主生物。可例举的植物有拟南芥属;菊科有金盏花;农作物植物有大豆,花生,蓖麻,向日葵,玉米,棉花,亚麻,油菜籽,椰子树,油棕榈,红花,可可;微生物有真菌包括了被孢酶属,水霉属,腐霉属;细菌有埃希氏属,酵母有酵母属;藻类;原生动物有腰鞭目如Crypthecodinium。优选的宿主生物是能够天然的大量合成油类的生物体,包括真菌有高山被孢霉,坐生腐霉;植物有大豆,油菜籽,亚麻,椰子树,油棕榈,红花,蓖麻,金盏花,花生,可可,向日葵;酵母有酿酒酵母,其中大豆,油菜籽,亚麻,向日葵,金盏花,酿酒酵母,是最优选的生物。原则上,转基因动物如新小杆线虫Caenorhabditis elegans也是适于作为宿主生物的。
如上文提到的本发明的另一个具体实施方案,是转基因植物包含了一个功能性或非功能性的核酸,或者一个功能性或非功能性的核酸构建体。非功能性的含义是指,由于天然基因被灭活不能合成具有酶活性的蛋白。另外,非功能性的核酸或核酸构建体也可以理解为所谓的反义DNA,它能够导致转基因植物中酶活力的减小或缺乏。反义DNA中的反义技术,尤其是在核酸序列与其他的脂肪酸合成基因进行重组应用中,可以合成高饱和脂肪酸含量的甘油三酯或饱和脂肪酸。转基因植物的含义是指单一植物细胞及它们在固体或液体培养基的培养物,植物的某一部分以及整个植株。
利用本发明的核酸序列或本发明的核酸构建体生产转基因植物也是本发明的研究主题。
本发明还涉及一种酶,此酶可以将脂肪酸从含有被一个亚甲基基团分隔的两个双键的结构式I转化为含有三个双键共轭的结构式II,结构II化合物中的取代基团和可变基团的含义如下:R1=氢,取代或未取代的,不饱和或饱和的,支链或无支链的C1-C10-烷基-
R2=取代或未取代的,不饱和或饱和的C1-C9-烷基-;
R3和R4各自为氢,取代或未取代的,不饱和或饱和的,支链或无支链的C1-C22-烷基-羰基或二氧磷基-;
n=1至14,优选1至8,更优选4至6,最优选6。
可提到的烷基是未取代的,不饱和或饱和的,支链或无支链的C1-C10-烷基链,如甲基,乙基,正丙基,1-甲基乙基,正丁基,1-甲基丙基,2-甲基丙基,1,1-二甲基乙基,正戊基,1-甲基丁基,2-甲基丁基,3-甲基丁基,2,2-二甲基丙基,1-乙基丙基,正己基,1,1-二甲基丙基,1,2-二甲基丙基,1-甲基戊基,2-甲基戊基,3-甲基戊基,4-甲基戊基,1,1-二甲基丁基,1,2-二甲基丁基,1,3-二甲基丁基,2,2-二甲基丁基,2,3-二甲基丁基,3,3-二甲基丁基,1-乙基丁基,2-乙基丁基,1,1,2-三甲基丙基,1,2,2-三甲基丙基,1-乙基-1-1甲基丙基,1-乙基-1-2甲基丙基,正庚基,正辛基,正壬基,正癸基.优选的R1为氢和
在通式I和通式II的化合物中R2是取代或未取代的,不饱和或饱和的,C1-C9-烷基-。
可提到的烷基是未取代的,支链或无支链的C1-C9-烷基链,包括甲基,乙基,正丙基,1-甲基乙基,正丁基,1-甲基丙基,2-甲基丙基,1,1-二甲基乙基,正戊基,1-甲基丁基,2-甲基丁基,3-甲基丁基,2,2-二甲基丙基,1-乙基丙基,正己基,1,1-二甲基丙基,1,2-二甲基丙基,1-甲基戊基,2-甲基戊基,3-甲基戊基,4-甲基戊基,1,1-二甲基丁基,1,2-二甲基丁基,1,3-二甲基丁基,2,2-二甲基丁基,2,3-二甲基丁基,3,3-二甲基丁基,1-乙基丁基,2-乙基丁基,1,1,2-三甲基丙基,1,2,2-三甲基丙基,1-乙基-1-1甲基丙基,1-乙基-2甲基丙基,正庚基,正辛基,正壬基,优选C1-C5-烷基,最优选C5-烷基。
R3和R4各自为氢,取代或未取代的,不饱和或饱和的,支链或无支链的C1-C22-烷基羰基或二氧磷基-
C1-C22-烷基羰基包括甲基羰基,乙基羰基,正丙基羰基,1-甲基乙基羰基,正丁基羰基,1-甲基丙基羰基,2-甲基乙基羰基,1,1-二甲基乙基羰基,正戊基羰基,1-甲基丁基羰基,2-甲基丁基羰基,3-甲基丁基羰基,1,1-二甲基丙基羰基,1,2-二甲基丙基羰基,2,2-二甲基丙基羰基,1-乙基丙基羰基,正己基羰基,1-甲基戊基羰基,2-甲基戊基羰基,3-甲基戊基羰基,4-甲基戊基羰基,1,1-二甲基丁基羰基,1,2-二甲基丁基羰基,1,3-二甲基丁基羰基,2,2-二甲基丁基羰基,2,3-二甲基丁基羰基,3,3-二甲基丁基羰基,1-乙基丁基羰基,2-乙基丁基羰基,1,1,2-三甲基丙基羰基,1,2,2三甲基丙基羰基,1-乙基-1-甲基丙基羰基,1-乙基-2-甲基丙基羰基,庚基羰基,壬基羰基,癸基羰基,十一烷基羰基,正十二烷基羰基,正十三烷基羰基,正十四烷基羰基,正十五烷基羰基,正十六烷基羰基,正十七烷基羰基,正十八烷基羰基,正十九烷基羰基,正廿烷基羰基,优选的R3和R4取代基团是饱和或不饱和C16-C22-烷基-羰基。
上文提及的基团的取代基的实例包括卤素如氟、氯,烷基或者羟基。
利用本发明的酶催化的转化过程中,一个双键被引入脂肪酸同时另一个双键被转移,这样有三个双键参与共轭反应。其中一个双键发生异构化(从顺式变成反式)。
酶(金盏酸去饱和酶)能够催化亚油酸(18∶2,9Z,12Z)转化为金盏酸(18∶3,8E,10E,12Z)。此酶在C8处引入一个反式双键,并且特异性的将C9处的顺式双键转移到C10的反式双键,完成区域特异性异构化。附图1显示反应的假想的可能机制。首先,亚油酸的C8去质子化,游离的自由基重排到C10,脱去一个水分子使得C11去质子化,形成金盏酸。同时结合的FeIV被还原为FeIII。附图1给出(8,11)-亚油基去饱和酶(金盏酸去饱和酶)的假设反应机制,这一机制是在RicinusΔ9脱氢酶的催化机制(Lindqvist,Y等,EMBO Journal 15,1996:4081-4092)的基础上,经过Svatos等(Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 29,1999:225-232)的修改。适用的底物仍为6Z,9Z,12Z,18:3-脂肪酸和9Z,12Z,15Z,18:3-脂肪酸,相应的反应产物分别是6Z,8E,10E,12Z-和8E,10E,12Z,15Z-脂肪酸。
本发明还涉及制备不饱和脂肪酸的方法,步骤包括将至少一段上文阐述的本发明的核酸序列或者核酸构建体优先引入产油的生物体,培养该生物体,从生物体中分离出油,再将脂肪酸从油中释放出来。
本发明还涉及制备不饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三酯的方法,步骤包括将至少一段上文阐述的本发明的核酸序列或者核酸构建体优先引入产油的生物体,培养该生物体,并从生物体中分离出油。
两种方法优先合成不饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三酯中的脂肪酸,如金盏酸。
本发明还涉及饱和脂肪酸的制备方法,步骤包括将至少一段上文阐述的本发明的非功能性的核酸序列或者非功能性的核酸构建体优先引入产油的生物体,培养该生物体,从生物体中分离出油,再将脂肪酸从油中释放出来。对于制备饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三酯的方法,包括将至少一段上文阐述的本发明的非功能性的核酸序列或者非功能性的核酸构建体优先引入产油的生物体生物体进行生长,从生物体中分离出油。两种方法涉及所谓反义技术的应用(见上),或者说侧向合成基因的灭活。
以上所述方法中生物体的实例包括的植物有拟南芥属,大豆,花生,蓖麻,向日葵,玉米,棉花,亚麻,油菜籽,椰子树,油棕榈,红花或可可树,微生物有真菌如被孢霉属,水霉属或腐霉属,细菌有埃希氏属,酵母有酵母属,藻类和原生动物有腰鞭目,如Crypthecodinium。优选的生物包括那些能天然合成大量油类的种类,真菌有高山被孢霉,坐生腐霉,植物有大豆,油菜籽,亚麻,椰子树,油棕榈,红花,蓖麻,金盏花,花生,可可,或向日葵,酵母有酿酒酵母;其中大豆,油菜籽,亚麻,向日葵,金盏花或酿酒酵母为最优选。
在上述的制备方法中根据不同宿主生物,采用为技术人员所熟知的生长和培养方法。通常上,在通氧条件下微生物在液体培养基中进行繁殖,液体培养基含有碳源,常用的是糖;氮源常用的是有机氮源如酵母膏,或盐,如硫酸铵;磷酸源,如有磷酸氢钾;微量元素,如铁盐,锰盐,镁盐;如果需要还加入维生素;培养温度为0℃-100℃,优选温度为10℃-60℃。液体培养基的pH恒定,即,在培养过程中可以受到调控。然而,微生物的培养也可不需要调控pH值。培养方法包括分批培养、半分批培养和连续培养。营养的供给可以在发酵开始时投入,也可以在半连续和连续培养的过程中补加。
经过转化之后,植物首先要通过上文所述的方法再生,然后同正常植株一样进行生长繁殖。生物体长成以后,就可以以常规方式获得磷脂。为此,首先要将生物体收集并破碎,或者可以直接利用。最好是利用适当的溶剂抽提磷脂,用于抽提的溶剂包括非极性溶剂如己烷,或者极性溶剂如乙醇,异丙醇,或者是混合溶剂如己烷/异丙醇,苯酚/氯仿/异戊醇,温度为0℃-80℃,优选温度20℃-50℃。通常,生物量需要过量的溶剂进行抽提,如可采用过量溶剂与生物量的比例为1∶4,随后再采用如蒸馏的方法去除溶剂。抽提可在超临界CO2中进行,抽提之后,可以采用如过滤的方法去除生物量的残留物。从植物和微生物中抽提脂肪酸的标准方法见Bligh等,(Can.J.Biochem.Physiol. 37,1959:911-917)或Vich等,(Plant Physiol. 69,1982:1103-1108)。
这样得到的原油可以进一步纯化,例如通过先加入极性溶剂如丙酮或非极性溶剂如氯仿,之后进行过滤或离心去除混浊物。也可以通过柱子或其他技术进行进一步的纯化。
以常规的方法如用NaOH或KOH对甘油三酯进行水解,就可以从甘油三酯中获得游离的脂肪酸。
本发明还涉及通过以上方法制备的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸,带有不饱和或饱和度增加的脂肪酸的甘油三酯,以及它们用于制备食品,动物饲料,化妆品或药品的应用。为此,脂肪酸和甘油三酯被以常规的含量添加进食品,动物饲料,化妆品或药品之中。
下面的实施例用于进一步详细说明本发明。
实施例
利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从金盏花的mRNA克隆一个cDNA。当在酵母中表达此cDNA时,亚油酸被转化成十八碳共轭三烯酸/金盏酸(8E,10E,12Z)。据我们所知,这是首次对金盏酸去饱和酶的描述。此酶区域特异性的使得C9上的顺式双键转换成C10上的反式双键,并且在C8引入一个新的反式双键。
转基因的酵母和植物,由于金盏酸去饱和酶cDNA表达增加,所以在这些生物的磷脂中含有金盏酸。
实施例1:从金盏花的种子分离RNA
从金盏花种子分离RNA,以便能够通过PCR分离出金盏酸去饱和酶的cDNA克隆,由于种子中脂肪含量高,不可能应用标准的操作方法,而采用以下的方法:
利用研钵和研杵,将20g植物材料在液氮中研磨成粉末,加入100ml抽提缓冲液I[100mM tris/HCl,pH 7.5,20mM EDTA,2%(w/v)月桂酰肌氨酸钠(lwuryl sarcosyl),4M硫氰酸胍,5%(w/v)PVP(=聚乙烯吡咯烷酮),1%(v/v)β-巯基乙醇],迅速混合均匀;再将溶液转移至50-ml-摇瓶摇动约15分钟;然后4,000g离心10-15分钟;除去上层的脂肪层或脂肪液滴,将上清液转移到新的容器中;接着用1体积的苯酚/氯仿/异戊醇(=PCI,25∶24∶1)抽提,再用氯仿抽提;在每一次抽提中,先将混合溶液摇动15分钟再进行离心。然后将上面的水相转移到一个含有8-ml-CsCl缓冲衬垫上(5M CsCl),在18℃,100,000g离心18小时之后,将上清液缓缓倒出,再将余下的RNA沉淀干燥。经过用70%乙醇滤洗一次之后,将RNA溶解于由7.5ml的抽提缓冲液II(100ml tris/HCl,pH8.8,100mMNaCl,5mM EDTA,2% SDS)和10ml的PCI形成的混合液中摇动15分钟再离心;上层水相用氯仿抽提,然后加入等体积的5M LiCl;在4℃下沉淀RNA过夜;将混合液在4℃,12,000g下离心60分钟;得到的沉淀用70%乙醇滤洗两次,干燥,最后置于500μl的H2O。
从所得的金盏花的全RNA中分离出mRNA,可以使用Poly-Attract试剂盒(Promega,Mannheim)按照操作说明进行操作,利用Gibco BRL(Eggenstein)的Superscript II反转录酶,以200pmol寡聚-dT为引物将1μg此mRNA转录成cDNA,并且此mRNA可在聚合酶链反应(PCR)中作为模板。
实施例2:分离和克隆金盏花中的金盏酸去饱和酶
为了从金盏花分离出能够编码金盏酸去饱和酶的DNA序列,首先应该从各种Δ12去饱和酶的保守的组氨酸盒子氨基酸序列衍生得到各种退化的寡聚核苷酸引物。
引物A:5`-CCD TAY TTC TCI TGG AAR WWH AGY CAY CG-3`
正向引物,从如下氨基酸序列衍生得到
P Y F S W K Y/I S H R
引物B:5`-CCA RTY CCA YTC IGW BGA RTC RTA RTG-3`
反向引物,从如下氨基酸序列衍生得到
H Y D S S/T E W D/N W引物A和B中的字母的含义如下:
R=A/G
Y=C/T
W=A/T
H=A/C/T
B=C/G/T
D=A/G/T
I=肌糖
在一个PCR反应中,以金盏花的单链cDNA(如在实施例1所示获得)作为模板,用引物A和B扩增一段长度为470bp的DNA片断。应用的PCR的程序如下:
1. 2分 94℃
2. 30秒 94℃
3. 45秒 50℃(退火温度)
4. 1分 72℃
2至4循环10次
5. 0秒 94℃
6. 45秒 50℃
7. 1分 72℃每一周期时间增加5秒
5至7循环20次
8. 2分 72℃
用来扩增的聚合酶是Biozym(Hess.Oldendorf)的Tf I DNA聚合酶。利用TOPO TA克隆试剂盒(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,USA)将470bp DNA片断克隆到载体pCR 2.1-TOPO,并测序。470bp片断的序列相应于SEQ IDNO:1中从466到893的核苷酸序列。
实施例3:完整cDNA克隆的获得和测序
为了获得一个全长的克隆,通过5'-和3'-RACE(cDNA末端的快速扩增)将片断进行延伸。从1μg的mRNA(按实施例1分离得到)开始,利用CLONTECH(Heidelberg)的“Marathon cDNA扩增试剂盒”制备双链cDNA。与接合体连接后,利用下列引物开始5'-和3'-RACE反应:
用于5'-RACE的特异性引物:
引物C 5'-GTG AGG GAG TGA GAG ATG GGT GTG GTG C-3'
引物D 5'-AAC ACA CTT ACA CCT AGT ACT GGA ATT G-3'
用于 3'-RACE的特异性引物:
引物E 5'-TAT TCC AAA CTT CTT AAC AAT CCA CCC G-3'
引物F 5`-CAA TTC CAG TAC TAG GTG TAA GTG TGT T-3'
首先,利用被接合体-连接的双链cDNA和引物C和E进行第一个PCR反应;然后,利用引物D和F以及1∶50的用引物C和E作为模板获得PCR产物的稀释液进行第二个PCR反应。
RACE-PCR的反应程序如下:
1. 1分 94℃
2. 30秒 94℃
3. 3分 68℃
2至3循环10次
4. 30秒 94℃
5. 30秒 65℃
6. 3分 68℃
4至6循环25次
7. 5分 68℃
利用TOPO TA克隆试剂盒(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,USA)将得到的DNA片断克隆到载体pCR 2.1-TOPO,并测序,5'-RACE的产物延伸经过起始密码子进入到5'-非转译区(5'-UTR),3'-RACE经过起始密码子进入到3'-UTR。
复合序列包括第一个PCR产物和RACE产物,如SEQ ID NO:1所示。编码区域从第42个核苷酸(起始密码子)延伸到第1175个核苷酸(终止子)。5'和3'-UTRs是以单链的形式被测序,所以这里又可能出现个别的序列错误。
为获得不间断的全长的克隆,利用扩展高保真系统(BoehringerMannheim)进行PCR反应,其中以引物G和H,金盏花cDNA(见实施例1)为模板。
引物G 5'-ATTA
GAGCTCATGGGTGCTGGTGGTCGGATGTCG-3'
正向引物(具有
SacI酶切位点)
引物H 5'-ATTA
CTCGAGTGACATACACCTTTTTGATTACATCTTG-3`
反向引物(具有
XhoI酶切位点)
PCR反应程序如下:
1. 2分 94℃
2. 30秒 94℃
3. 35秒 63℃
4. 2分 72℃
2至4循环10次
5. 30秒 94℃
6. 35秒 63℃
7. 2分 72℃
5至7循环15次(每一个周期时间增加5秒)
8. 2分 72℃
1.2kb的PCR产物被克隆到载体pGEM-T(Promeg,Mannheim)中,并被转化成E.Coli DH10B。利用373DNA测序仪(Applied Biosystems)对插入DNA以双链形式测序。为此,除了反向引物和-21引物,还用到如下的序列特异性的引物:
引物I:5'-CGG TCT TCT CGC TGT ATT-3'
引物J:5'-ATT ACC CAA GCT GCC C-3'
金盏酸去饱和酶(CalDes)的完整DNA序列与SEQ ID NO:1中第42个核苷酸到第1193个核苷酸这部分的序列是相同的。此序列包含了编码区和3'-UTR的一短部分。
通过Co-CalDes(SEQ ID NO:2)所示序列的衍生的氨基酸序列与SWISS-PROT和SP-TREMBL数据库中注解的蛋白序列的比较,证实在整个的编码区域内与高山还阳参(crepis alpina)Δ12-乙炔化酶(SP_PL:081931,74%相同氨基酸),巴勒斯坦还阳参(crepis palaestina)Δ12-环氧酶(SP_PL:065771,73%相同氨基酸),药用玻璃苣属(Borago officinalis)Δ12-去饱和酶(SP_PL:082729,62%相同氨基酸)具有最高同源性。序列的比较见附图2,它给出了Co-CalDes的氨基酸序列与高山还阳参Δ12-乙炔化酶(Ca-Acetyl),巴勒斯坦还阳参Δ12-环氧酶(Cp-Epoxy),药用玻璃苣属(Borago officinalis)Δ12-去饱和酶(Bo-Des)比较的结果。
实施例4:金盏酸去饱和酶在酵母中的表达
在第一个步骤中,cDNA的编码区域在酵母表达载体中被克隆,并在酿酒酵母中被表达,以证实CalDes的功能性。酵母中金盏酸去饱和酶的生产意味着额外的亚油酸被转化成了金盏酸。后者,相应地,可以在水解的磷脂提取液中,通过高压液相色谱被检测到。
在第二个步骤中,除了CalDes基因之外,酵母中还表达A.thalianaΔ12-去饱和酶FAD2基因(Kajiwara等,Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,62,1996:4309-4313),这样酵母细胞能够内源性地产生亚油酸,随后由于CalDes的活性,亚油酸被转化为金盏酸,通过高压液相色谱进行检测。
酵母的所有的固体和液体培养基,都可以按照Ausubel等人(CurrentProtocols in Molecular Biology,John Wiley & Sons,New York,1995)的方法来制备。
用SacI/XhoI限制性消化载体pGEM-T得到CalDes cDNA,将此cDNA克隆到SacI/XhoI-cut穿梭载体pYES2(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,USA),再将所得到的载体pYES2-CalDes转化到E.Coli XL1 blue.利用“质粒放大试剂盒”(QIAGEN)制备另一个质粒,再利用聚乙二醇方法(Von Pein M.,PhD thesis,Heinrich HeineUniversitat Dusseldorf,1992)将pYES2-CalDes转化到酿酒酵母INCSv1(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,USA),其中CalDes cDNA是在启动子GAL1的调控下进行表达。
为了能够表达,在第二步中,在酵母中不仅CalDes而且FAD2以及FAD2的编码区基因,都要先通过PCR技术(方法见引物G和H)利用Tf1聚合酶(Biozym)从A.Thaliana cDNA进行扩增。如下引物将用于此目的:引物 K:5'-AAA
CTCGAGATGGGTGCAGGTGGAAGAATGCCGG-3'
正向引物(
XhoI酶切位点)引物 L:5'-AAA
AAGCTTTCATAACTTATTGTTGTACCAGTACACACC-3'
反向引物(
HindIII酶切位点)
所得到的PCR产物经过Xho I/HidIII限制性消化,并且克隆到Xho I/HidIII-cut酵母表达载体pESC-Leu(Stratagene),其中FAD2 DNA受到启动子GAL1的调控。
利用经过修改的Avery等(Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,62,1996:3960-3966)和Girke等(The Plant Journal,5,1998:39-48)的方法,使得CalDes在酿酒酵母INCSv1中表达。首先准备起始的培养物,将一个单克隆接种到10ml的YPAD培养基中,并且将培养物置于30℃,200rpm下培养48小时。然后用不含蔗糖的1xYPA培养基(无糖)洗涤细胞培养液,再离心。用2ml不含补充营养和糖的基本培养基重新悬浮沉淀的细胞,取1ml此细胞悬浮液,接种到500-ml-Erlenmeyer烧瓶中,其中装有100ml基本培养基(dropout powder,2%棉子糖,1% Tergitol NP40)并在30℃,200rpm下生长。OD600值为0.5时,加入2%(w/v)的半乳糖,在第一批次还要加入0.003%的亚油酸(于5% Tergitol NP40中的3%储藏液)。当细胞生长到稳定期,用不含补充营养的基本培养基洗涤细胞,并于-20℃保藏。
实施例5:从转基因酵母的脂肪酸中提取脂类及高压液相色谱分析
将酵母细胞悬浮于30ml的HIP溶液中(0.1mM 2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚的己烷∶异丙醇(3∶2)溶液),用150μl浓缩的HCl酸化,并且在Ultra-Turrax(1min,24,000rpm)中进行均化。将样品在4℃下摇动10分钟,然后5,000g,4℃下离心10分钟。将上清液转移到一个新的容器中,加入0.38M的K2SO4使总体积为47.5ml。将此样品在4℃下摇动10分钟然后离心(见上)。将己烷相抽取出来置于N2流中蒸发干燥,剩余物溶解于20μl氯仿中。由于脂肪酸酯能够进行碱水解,在样品中加入400μl甲醇和80μl 40%强度(w/v)的KOH溶液,在氩气中60℃放置20分钟之后,冷却到室温,加入35μl浓缩HCl进行酸化至pH3.0,用高压液相色谱分离。
利用ET 250/4 Nucleosil 120-5 C18-柱(Macherey & Nagel)分离出游离的脂肪酸,所用的流动相是甲醇∶H2O∶冰醋酸(85∶15∶0.1 v/v/v),分离速率为1ml/min,温度为25℃,以268nm下的光吸收检测共轭三烯。
附图3显示的是转化酵母细胞中的脂类提取物经过碱水解得到的洗提纵切面图(附图,3B,用A.Thaliana FAD2 DNA转化的酿酒酵母INCSv1的洗提纵切面图;C,用金盏花pYES2-CalDes的洗提纵切面图)和金盏酸标准的洗提纵切面图(附图,3A)。金盏酸在268nm强吸收的保持时间是12分钟,这是共轭三烯酸的典型特征。将空白载体pYES2转化的酵母细胞在0.003%的亚油酸中生长,从中提取的脂类水解产物得到的脂肪酸中没有显示金盏酸的保持时间(未表示)。同样,表达FAD2基因的酵母细胞的脂类提取物的水解产物不含有金盏酸(附图3B)。
相反,对于在0.003%的亚油酸生长的经pYES2-CalDes-转化的酵母细胞的提取物进行HPLC分析,显示出了金盏酸的保持时间的信号(附图3C),而且在最大波长268nm和次大波长258nm、282nm下显示出了同标准一样的吸收光谱(附图4A,标准,C,用金盏花pYES2-CalDes转化的酿酒酵母INCSv1的洗提纵切面图)由此可以证明金盏酸去饱和酶在酵母中的表达合成了金盏酸。转化酵母细胞中的金盏酸只有在脂水解之后才能被检测到,而在这些细胞的游离脂肪酸中没有检测到金盏酸的存在,这就是说,在酵母细胞中,金盏酸是与脂类结合在一起的。由于酵母细胞不含有甘油三脂,可以肯定所检测到的金盏酸是结合在酵母的磷脂中。
除此之外,能够同时表达FAD2和CalDes的转基因酵母细胞的脂类提取物也含有金盏酸(未表示)。
实施例6:金盏酸去饱和酶在鼠耳芥和亚麻中的表达
金盏花的金盏酸去饱和酶在转基因植物中的表达有利于提高这些植物中金盏酸去饱和酶的含量。为此,将CalDes cDNA克隆到二元载体,并通过土壤杆菌-介导的DNA转导,转移到鼠耳芥和亚麻中。CalDes cDNA的表达受到组成型启动子CaMV 35S或种子特异性启动子USP的调控。
所用的表达载体是pBinAR(Hofgen和Willimitzer,Plant Science,66,1990:221-230)和pBinAR的衍生载体pBinAR-USP,其中启动子CaMV35S被换成了启动子V.faba USP.为了再克隆,必须从载体pGEM-T上将CalDes cDNA截取下来,为此,首先用Nco I酶切载体,获得大量具有平末端的Klenow基因片断;然后用Sal I酶切将插入的基因截取下来,并克隆到Sma I/Sal I-cut载体pBinAR和pBinAR-USP。
将所获得的质粒pBinAR-CalDes和pBinAR-USP-CalDes转移到根癌土壤杆菌(Hofgen和Willimitzer,Nucl.Acids Res.,16,1998:9877)中。鼠耳芥通过“floral dip”(Clough and Bent,Plant Journal,16,1998:735-743)进行转化,而亚麻通过将亚麻子的胚轴部分与转化的根癌土壤杆菌的细胞共培养来转化。
利用Northern Blot印迹法分析法研究CalDes基因在转基因植物拟南芥属和亚麻属中的表达,筛选的植株用来研究种植油中的金盏酸的含量。
为得到CalDes种子特异性的表达,可以利用与USP启动子相似的napin启动子。
序列表<110>巴斯福股份公司<120>植物脂肪酸去饱和酶基因<130>序列_去饱和酶<140>50669<141>1999-08-31<160>2<170>PatentIn Vers.2.0<210>1<211>1285<212>DNA<213>金盏花<220><221>CDS<222>(42)..(1175)<400>1aaaagctcac ttctctgtga gggtaattat atatcaacaa c atg ggt gct ggt ggt 56
Met Gly Ala Gly Gly
1 5cgg atg tcg gat cca tct gag gga aaa aac atc ctt gaa cgt gtg cca 104Arg Met Ser Asp Pro Ser Glu Gly Lys Asn Ile Leu Glu Arg Val Pro
10 15 20gtc gat cca ccg ttc acg tta agc gat ctg aag aaa gcg att cct acc 152Val Asp Pro Pro Phe Thr Leu Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Thr
25 30 35cat tgc ttt gag cga tct gtc atc cgg tca tca tac tat gtt gtt cat 200His Cys Phe Glu Arg Ser Val Ile Arg Ser Ser Tyr Tyr Val Val His
40 45 50gat ctc att gtt gcc tat gtc ttc tac tac ctt gca aac acg tat atc 248Asp Leu Ile Val Ala Tyr Val Phe Tyr Tyr Leu Ala Asn Thr Tyr Ile
55 60 65cct ctt att cct aca cct ctg gct tac cta gca tgg ccc gtt tac tgg 296Pro Leu Ile Pro Thr Pro Leu Ala Tyr Leu Ala Trp Pro Val Tyr Trp70 75 80 85ttt tgt caa gct agc atc ctc acc ggc ctc tgg gtc atc ggt cac gaa 344Phe Cys Gln Ala Ser Ile Leu Thr Gly Leu Trp Val Ile Gly His Glu
90 95 100tgt ggt cac cat gca ttt agc gac tac cag ttg att gat gac att gtt 392Cys Gly His His Ala Phe Ser Asp Tyr Gln Leu Ile Asp Asp Ile Val
105 110 115gga ttc gtg ctc cat tcg gct ctc ctc acc ccg tat ttc tct tgg aaa 440Gly Phe Val Leu His Ser Ala Leu Leu Thr Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys
120 125 130tat agc cac agg aat cac cac gcc aac aca aat tca ctc gat aac gat 488Tyr Ser His Arg Asn His His Ala Asn Thr Asn Ser Leu Asp Asn Asp135 140 145gaa gtt tac att cct aaa cgt aag tcg aag gtc aag att tat tcc aaa 536Glu Val Tyr Ile Pro Lys Arg Lys Ser Lys Val Lys Ile Tyr Ser Lys150 155 160 165ctt ctt aac aat cca ccc ggg cga gtg ttc act ttg gtg ttt cgg ttg 584Leu Leu Asn Asn Pro Pro Gly Arg Val Phe Thr Leu Val Phe Arg Leu
170 175 180act tta gga ttt ccg tta tac ctc tta act aat atc tcg ggc aag aaa 632Thr Leu Gly Phe Pro Leu Tyr Leu Leu Thr Asn Ile Ser Gly Lys Lys
185 190 195tac ggg agg ttt gcc aac cac ttt gat ccc atg agt cca att ttc aac 680Tyr Gly Arg Phe Ala Asn His Phe Asp Pro Met Ser Pro Ile Phe Asn
200 205 210gat cgt gaa cgc gtt caa gtt ttg cta tcc gat ttc ggt ctt ctc gct 728Asp Arg Glu Arg Val Gln Val Leu Leu Ser Asp Phe Gly Leu Leu Ala215 220 225gta ttt tat gca atc aag ctt ctt gta gca gca aaa ggg gca gct tgg 776Val Phe Tyr Ala Ile Lys Leu Leu Val Ala Ala Lys Gly Ala Ala Trp230 235 240 245gta atc aac atg tac gca att cca gta cta ggt gta agc gtg ttc ttc 824Val Ile Asn Met Tyr Ala Ile Pro Val Leu Gly Val Ser Val Phe Phe
250 255 260gtt ttg atc aca tat ttg cac cac acc cat ctc tca ctc cct cat tat 872Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr Leu His His Thr His Leu Ser Leu Pro His Tyr
265 270 275gat tca acc gaa tgg aac tgg atc aaa ggc gcc tta tca aca atc gat 920Asp Ser Thr Glu Trp Asn Trp Ile Lys Gly Ala Leu Ser Thr Ile Asp
280 285 290agg gat ttc ggg ttc ctg aat cgg gtt ttc cac gac gtt aca cac act 968Arg Asp Phe Gly Phe Leu Asn Arg Val Phe His Asp Val Thr His Thr295 300 305cac gtc ttg cat cat ttg atc tca tac att cca cat tat cat gca aag 1016His Val Leu His His Leu Ile Ser Tyr Ile Pro His Tyr His Ala Lys310 315 320 325gaa gca agg gat gca atc aag cca gtg ttg ggc gag tac tat aaa atc 1064Glu Ala Arg Asp Ala Ile Lys Pro Val Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Lys Ile
330 335 340gac agg act cca att ttc aaa gca atg tat aga gag gct aag gaa tgc 1112Asp Arg Thr Pro Ile Phe Lys Ala Met Tyr Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys
345 350 355atc tac atc gag ccc gat gag gat agc gag cac aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg 1160Ile Tyr Ile Glu Pro Asp Glu Asp Ser Glu His Lys Gly Val Phe Trp
360 365 370tac cac aag atg taa tcaaaaaggt gtatgtcaat gcaattgtat gcttaattaa 1215Tyr His Lys Met
375gttgttaaac tttctattcc gtgtaataaa ttatcattaa gagaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 1275aaaaaaaaaa 1285<210>2<211>377<212>PRT<213>金盏花<400>2Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Ser Asp Pro Ser Glu Gly Lys Asn Ile1 5 10 15Leu Glu Arg Val Pro Val Asp Pro Pro Phe Thr Leu Ser Asp Leu Lys
20 25 30Lys Ala Ile Pro Thr His Cys Phe Glu Arg Ser Val Ile Arg Ser Ser
35 40 45Tyr Tyr Val Val His Asp Leu Ile Val Ala Tyr Val Phe Tyr Tyr Leu
50 55 60Ala Asn Thr Tyr Ile Pro Leu Ile Pro Thr Pro Leu Ala Tyr Leu Ala65 70 75 80Trp Pro Val Tyr Trp Phe Cys Gln Ala Ser Ile Leu Thr Gly Leu Trp
85 90 95Val Ile Gly His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe Ser Asp Tyr Gln Leu
100 105 110Ile Asp Asp Ile Val Gly Phe Val Leu His Ser Ala Leu Leu Thr Pro
115 120 125Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Asn His His Ala Asn Thr Asn130 135 140Ser Leu Asp Asn Asp Glu Val Tyr Ile Pro Lys Arg Lys Ser Lys Val145 150 155 160Lys Ile Tyr Ser Lys Leu Leu Asn Asn Pro Pro Gly Arg Val Phe Thr
165 170 175Leu Val Phe Arg Leu Thr Leu Gly Phe Pro Leu Tyr Leu Leu Thr Asn
180 185 190Ile Ser Gly Lys Lys Tyr Gly Arg Phe Ala Asn His Phe Asp Pro Met
195 200 205Ser Pro Ile Phe Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Val Gln Val Leu Leu Ser Asp210 215 220Phe Gly Leu Leu Ala Val Phe Tyr Ala Ile Lys Leu Leu Val Ala Ala225 230 235 240Lys Gly Ala Ala Trp Val Ile Asn Met Tyr Ala Ile Pro Val Leu Gly
245 250 255Val Ser Val Phe Phe Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr Leu His His Thr His Leu
260 265 270Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Thr Glu Trp Asn Trp Ile Lys Gly Ala
275 280 285Leu Ser Thr Ile Asp Arg Asp Phe Gly Phe Leu Asn Arg Val Phe His290 295 300Asp Val Thr His Thr His Val Leu His His Leu Ile Ser Tyr Ile Pro305 310 315 320His Tyr His Ala Lys Glu Ala Arg Asp Ala Ile Lys Pro Val Leu Gly
325 330 335Glu Tyr Tyr Lys Ile Asp Arg Thr Pro Ile Phe Lys Ala Met Tyr Arg
340 345 350Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Ile Glu Pro Asp Glu Asp Ser Glu His
355 360 365Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr His Lys Met370 375
Claims (22)
1.一种分离的核酸序列,它编码具有去饱和酶活性的多肽,且选自:
a)具有SEQ ID NO:1所示序列的核酸序列,
b)从SEQ ID NO:1所示序列中通过遗传密码子的简并衍生出的核酸序列。
c)SEQ ID NO:1所示核酸序列的衍生序列,它编码含有如SEQ ID NO:
2所示的氨基酸序列多肽,并且在氨基酸水平上具有至少75%的同源
性,不会严重减小多肽的酶活性。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种核酸序列编码的一种氨基酸序列。
3.如权利要求2所述的氨基酸序列,它是由SEQ ID NO:1所示序列编码。
4.包含如权利要求1所述的一种核酸序列的核酸构建体,其中的核酸序列与一个或几个调节信号相连接。
5.包含了如权利要求1所述的一种核酸序列或如权利要求4所述一种核酸构建体的载体。
6.包含了如权利要求1所述的至少一种核酸序列或如权利要求4所述至少一种核酸构建体的生物。
7.如权利要求6所述的生物,它是植物,微生物,或动物。
8.转基因植物,包含了如权利要求1所述的一种功能性或非功能性的核酸序列或如权利要求4所述的一种功能性或非功能性的核酸构建体。
9.一种制备不饱和脂肪酸的方法,它包括将至少一种如权利要求1所述的核酸序列或如权利要求4所述核酸构建体引入到产油生物,培养该生物,分离生物中的油,并释放出油中的脂肪酸。
10.一种制备具有不饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三脂的方法,它包括将至少一种如权利要求1所述的核酸序列或如权利要求4所述核酸构建体引入到产油生物,培养该生物,并分离生物中的油。
11.一种制备饱和脂肪酸的方法,它包括将如权利要求1所述的一种功能性或非功能性的核酸序列或如权利要求4所述的一种功能性或非功能性的核酸构建体引入到产油生物,培养该生物,分离生物中的油,并释放出油中的脂肪酸。
12.一种制备具有饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三脂的方法,它包括将如权利要求1所述的一种功能性或非功能性的核酸序列或如权利要求4所述的一种功能性或非功能性的核酸构建体引入到产油生物,培养该生物,并分离生物中的油。
13.如权利要求9或10所述的方法,其中不饱和脂肪酸中的金盏酸(calendulic acid)含量增加。
14.如权利要求9至12中任一项所述的方法,其中的生物是植物或微生物。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法制备的不饱和脂肪酸。
16.如权利要求10所述的方法制备的具有不饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三脂。
17.如权利要求11所述的方法制备的饱和脂肪酸。
18.如权利要求12所述的方法制备的具有饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三脂。
19.如权利要求1所述的一种核酸序列或如权利要求4所述一种核酸构建体用于生产转基因植物。
20.利用如权利要求1所述的一种核酸序列或其中的一个片断通过同源筛选分离一个基因组序列。
21.利用如权利要求15或17所述的不饱和或饱和脂肪酸或如权利要求16或18所述的具有不饱和或饱和脂肪酸含量增加的甘油三脂制备食品,动物饲料,化妆品或药品。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19941609A DE19941609A1 (de) | 1999-09-01 | 1999-09-01 | Fettsäure-Desaturase-Gen aus Pflanzen |
DE19941609.5 | 1999-09-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1384882A true CN1384882A (zh) | 2002-12-11 |
Family
ID=7920399
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN00812280A Pending CN1384882A (zh) | 1999-09-01 | 2000-08-23 | 植物脂肪酸去饱和酶基因 |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1208216B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003508061A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1384882A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE334214T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU778297B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0013687A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2382845A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ2002758A3 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19941609A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1208216T3 (zh) |
EE (1) | EE200200115A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2269172T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP0202526A3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL148011A0 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20020949L (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ517190A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL354408A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2274657C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001016362A2 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100510083C (zh) * | 2004-06-29 | 2009-07-08 | 山东师范大学 | 一种盐生植物的ω3脂肪酸去饱和酶基因及其表达载体和用该基因转化的植物细胞及植株 |
CN101006176B (zh) * | 2004-08-20 | 2012-03-21 | 三得利控股株式会社 | 具有ω3脂肪酸去饱和活性的多肽及编码其多肽的多核苷酸及其利用 |
Families Citing this family (11)
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DE10134660A1 (de) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-02-06 | Basf Plant Science Gmbh | Fettsäure-Desaturase-Gene aus Granatapfel und Verfahren zur Herstellung von ungesättigten Fettsäuren |
US7402418B2 (en) | 2001-09-20 | 2008-07-22 | Plantech Research Institute | Genes participating in the synthesis of fatty acid having trans-11-,cis-13-conjugated double bond and utilization thereof |
US6870077B2 (en) | 2002-01-30 | 2005-03-22 | Edward O. Kenaschuk | High linolenic acid flax |
US7211656B2 (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2007-05-01 | Abbott Laboratories | Desaturase genes, enzymes encoded thereby, and uses thereof |
RU2447147C2 (ru) * | 2003-08-01 | 2012-04-10 | Басф Плант Сайенс Гмбх | Способ получения полиненасыщенных кислот жирного ряда в трансгенных организмах |
EP1723220B1 (de) * | 2004-02-27 | 2013-04-10 | BASF Plant Science GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrfach ungesättigter fettsäuren in transgenen pflanzen |
AR073779A1 (es) * | 2008-10-06 | 2010-12-01 | Abbott Lab | Genes de delta -8 desaturasa, enzimas codificadas por ellos y sus usos |
MY188956A (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2022-01-14 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Processes for producing lipids |
US8809026B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2014-08-19 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Processes for producing lipids |
US11639507B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2023-05-02 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Processes for producing lipids |
US11859193B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2024-01-02 | Nuseed Global Innovation Ltd. | Plants with modified traits |
Family Cites Families (10)
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WO1994011516A1 (en) * | 1992-11-17 | 1994-05-26 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Genes for microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturases and related enzymes from plants |
US6084164A (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 2000-07-04 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Sunflower seeds with enhanced saturated fatty acid contents |
SE9601236D0 (sv) * | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Sten Stymne | Novel plant enzyme and use thereof |
US5850026A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-12-15 | Cargill, Incorporated | Canola oil having increased oleic acid and decreased linolenic acid content |
GB9705102D0 (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 1997-04-30 | Scotia Holdings Inc | Presentation of fatty acids |
ES2275301T3 (es) * | 1997-04-15 | 2007-06-01 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Genes de apoxigenasa vegetal de acido graso y la utilizacion de estos genes. |
US5846784A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1998-12-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fatty acid modifying enzymes from developing seeds of Vernonia galamenensis |
AU761152B2 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2003-05-29 | Cargill Incorporated | Genes for mutant microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturases and related enzymes from plants |
JP2002523048A (ja) * | 1998-08-20 | 2002-07-30 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 共役二重結合の形成に関係する植物脂肪酸改質酵素の遺伝子 |
HUP0203560A3 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2008-04-28 | Du Pont | Method for the production of calendic acid, a fatty acid containing delta-8,10,12 conjugated double bonds and dimorphecolic acid, a fatty acid containing a 9-hydroxy group and delta-10,12 conjugated double bonds |
-
1999
- 1999-09-01 DE DE19941609A patent/DE19941609A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-08-23 DK DK00956479T patent/DK1208216T3/da active
- 2000-08-23 CN CN00812280A patent/CN1384882A/zh active Pending
- 2000-08-23 JP JP2001520907A patent/JP2003508061A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-23 BR BR0013687-5A patent/BR0013687A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-08-23 IL IL14801100A patent/IL148011A0/xx unknown
- 2000-08-23 AT AT00956479T patent/ATE334214T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-23 HU HU0202526A patent/HUP0202526A3/hu unknown
- 2000-08-23 EE EEP200200115A patent/EE200200115A/xx unknown
- 2000-08-23 RU RU2002108174/13A patent/RU2274657C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-23 CA CA002382845A patent/CA2382845A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-23 DE DE50013239T patent/DE50013239D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-23 AU AU68405/00A patent/AU778297B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-23 EP EP00956479A patent/EP1208216B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-23 PL PL00354408A patent/PL354408A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-08-23 NZ NZ517190A patent/NZ517190A/en unknown
- 2000-08-23 WO PCT/EP2000/008222 patent/WO2001016362A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-23 CZ CZ2002758A patent/CZ2002758A3/cs unknown
- 2000-08-23 ES ES00956479T patent/ES2269172T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-02-27 NO NO20020949A patent/NO20020949L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100510083C (zh) * | 2004-06-29 | 2009-07-08 | 山东师范大学 | 一种盐生植物的ω3脂肪酸去饱和酶基因及其表达载体和用该基因转化的植物细胞及植株 |
CN101006176B (zh) * | 2004-08-20 | 2012-03-21 | 三得利控股株式会社 | 具有ω3脂肪酸去饱和活性的多肽及编码其多肽的多核苷酸及其利用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2001016362A2 (de) | 2001-03-08 |
DK1208216T3 (da) | 2006-11-27 |
RU2002108174A (ru) | 2004-03-10 |
NO20020949D0 (no) | 2002-02-27 |
BR0013687A (pt) | 2002-05-07 |
EP1208216A2 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
AU778297B2 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
DE19941609A1 (de) | 2001-03-08 |
ES2269172T3 (es) | 2007-04-01 |
CZ2002758A3 (cs) | 2002-06-12 |
HUP0202526A3 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
RU2274657C2 (ru) | 2006-04-20 |
JP2003508061A (ja) | 2003-03-04 |
NO20020949L (no) | 2002-02-27 |
AU6840500A (en) | 2001-03-26 |
HUP0202526A2 (hu) | 2002-12-28 |
IL148011A0 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
DE50013239D1 (de) | 2006-09-07 |
CA2382845A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
WO2001016362A3 (de) | 2001-09-07 |
EP1208216B1 (de) | 2006-07-26 |
EE200200115A (et) | 2003-04-15 |
NZ517190A (en) | 2003-11-28 |
PL354408A1 (en) | 2004-01-12 |
ATE334214T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
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