CN1380422A - 确定参与粘附的分子的方法及含有以此方法鉴别的致免疫肽的疫苗 - Google Patents
确定参与粘附的分子的方法及含有以此方法鉴别的致免疫肽的疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种确定参与粘附的分子的方法,包括:(a)制备粘附性或非粘附性微生物变种的细胞壁或细胞膜提取物;和(b)比较(a)步骤的提取物以确定存在于粘附性变种但不存在于非粘附性变种的分子,以及含有按此方法鉴别的致免疫肽的一种疫苗。
Description
技术领域
本申请系于1994年11月4日提交的94194775.0(PCT/US94/12752)一案的分案申请。
本发明提供了确定微生物粘附机制的方法。构成微生物粘附基础的机制是鉴别造成粘附的微生物分子,因而可设计用于预防或减少微生物粘附于细胞、医疗器械、假体等的疫苗。因此本发明属于免疫学和微生物学领域。
背景技术
各种细菌和其它微生物粘附于特定的细胞类型以及植入器械例如假体、可植入去纤颤器、心脏起搏器、人工关节等,构成了治疗这类感染的主要临床障碍,许多这类粘附性生物的抗菌素或抗真菌剂抗药性使这一问题更加混乱。
本发明包括通过评价粘附性微生物和非粘附性微生物间细胞表面的差异来确定微生物粘附性质的方法。通过使用上述确定金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)类粘附于牛乳房上皮细胞(引起牛乳腺炎)的性质来说明本发明的可操作性和合乎需要性。本发明的乳腺炎疫苗(本发明的一个优选实施方案)是本发明疫苗的例证,它们是根据本发明的方法生产的。
已知有许多种革兰氏阳性菌引起乳腺炎。革兰氏阳性菌、例如链球菌(Streptococci)、葡萄球菌(Staphylococci)和棒状杆菌(Coryhebacteria)属常作为乳腺炎的引发剂。微生物引起乳腺炎的倾向与微生物粘附于牛乳房的易变形(ductile)上皮细胞的能力相关。A.J.Frost,Infection anol Immunity,12:1554-1556(1975)。
发明内容
本发明的乳腺炎疫苗利用了微生物粘附于牛乳房易变形上皮细胞的能力与由此产生的发病机理间的相互关系。制备并提取细菌细胞壁,以确定粘附于易变形上皮细胞的细菌和对易变形上皮细胞缺乏粘附能力的细菌中特异蛋白的存在。然后利用存在于粘附性细菌但不存在于非粘附性细菌的蛋白产生肽的亚碎片,该碎片是本发明列举的乳腺炎疫苗的基础。
本发明提供了疫苗设计方法,通过制备细胞壁或细胞膜提取物,通过比较粘附与非粘附性微生物来确定粘附相关分子,对于粘附相关分子进行生化特性测定,使用这些信息合理设计疫苗,该疫苗引发免疫反应,而后干扰微生物的粘附能力。
本发明的一个优选实施方案提供了与细菌粘附于易变形的上皮细胞相关蛋白的肽亚碎片以及其式I的衍生形式:
式IR1-R2-R3-R4-R5-R6-R7-R8-Gly-R10-Gly-R12-R13-Gly-R15-R16-Ala-R18-Arg-Ala-R21-Gln-Gly-R24其中R1是氢或C1-C16氢酸
R2是Ala,Gly,Ser或丙酸;
R3是Val,Ile,Leu或D-Val;
R4是Lys或Arg;
R5是Val,Ile或Leu;
R6是Ala,Gly或Ser;
R7是Ile,Leu或Val;
R8是Asp,Asn或Glu;
R10是Phe,Tyr或Trp;
R12是Arg,Asn,Lys或His;
R13是Ile,Leu或Val;
R15是Arg,Asn,Lys或His;
R16是Leu,Ala,Ile或Val;
R18是Phe,Asn,Lys或His;
R21是Ile,Ala,Val或Leu;
R24是OH,Ala或Ser.
本发明还提供了式II的多抗原递呈肽:
式II其中肽1、肽2、肽3、肽4独立地选自式I化合物。
本发明还提供了制剂中的肽和多抗原肽,该制剂适于对所述肽和多抗原递呈肽引发最强免疫反应。
有效控制牛乳腺炎是重要的。患乳腺炎的产乳动物须用抗生素治疗,使用抗生素治疗产乳动物导致牛奶中的抗生素浓度超出日前常规基准。因此,开发对牛乳腺炎有效的疫苗具有重要的商业意义并且为兽医管理中消除抗生素治疗畜类乳腺炎的需要提供了可能。式I化合物R1-R2-R3-R4-R5-R6-R7-R8-Gly-R10-Gly-R12-R13-Gly-R15-R16-Ala-R18-Arg-Ala-R21-Gln-Gly-R24其中R1是羟基或C1-C16羧酸;R2是Ala,Gly,Ser或丙酸;R3是Val,Ile,Leu或D-Val;R4是Lys或Arg;R5是Val,Ile或Leu;R6是Ala,Gly或Ser;R7是Ile,Leu或Val;R8是Asp,Asn或Glu;R10是Phe,Tyr或Trp;R12是Arg,Asn,Lys或His;R13是Ile,Leu或Val;R15是Arg,Asn,Lys或His;R16是Leu,Ala,Ile或Val;R18是Phe,Asn,Lys或His;R21是Ile,Ala,Val或Leu;R24是OH,Ala或Ser;是在确定乳牛的乳腺炎病原剂粘附于乳房易变形上皮细胞的机理的广泛研究中得到的,比较金黄色葡萄球菌菌株粘附于乳房易变形上皮组织的能力,然后再将它们分入粘附菌株与非粘附菌株组。从粘附和非粘附金黄色葡萄球菌中提取外膜制品并比较,发现存在于粘附菌株但不存在于非粘附菌株的蛋白。有三种蛋白存在于粘附菌株中但不存于非粘附菌株中。这些蛋白的分子量为36KD、47KD和65KD。测定蛋白的生化特性并选择36KD蛋白为最有希望作为制备乳腺炎预防性疫苗的候选者。最终选择相应于36KD蛋白氨基端的22氨基酸肽为乳腺炎疫苗生产的最适致免疫的。为制备疫苗,优选22氨基酸N末端的天然序列。因此,式I中优选的氨基酸取代基如下:R1是氢;R2是Ala;R3是Val;R4是Lys;R5是Val;R6是Ala;R7是Ile;R8是Asp;R9是Gly;R10是Phe;R11是Gly;R12是Ary;R13是Ile;R15是Arg;R16是Leu;R18是Phe;R21是Ile;及R24是羟基。式I的其它可能的取代基可根据的具有相似功能基团的氨基酸的已知生化和免疫学性质来选择。本发明还包括式I化合物的致免疫的亚片段。式II的多抗原递呈肽允许表示式I的多种致免疫的肽,因而可提供了能更有效地引发免疫应答的致免疫的亚单位的较大分子。在式II的多抗原递呈肽上表示的式I肽,可以是相同的或式I肽的任意组合。
使用如本领域公知的固相蛋白合成法可容易地合成式I的肽。本发明的固相蛋白合成方案使用普通保护基团和脱保护方案。无论目前本领域前沿的固相肽合成法的常规性质如何,本发明者推荐三篇有关固相合成的文献以便于本发明的实践。如果技术人员不能设计出优选的条件及合成方案,G.Barany等International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research,30:705-739(1987);J.M.Stewart和J.D.Young,SOLID PHASEPEPTIDE SYNTHESE,Pierce Chemical Company,Rockford,Illinois(1984);和P.D.Bailey,AN INTRODUCTION TO PEPTIDE CHEMISTRY,John Wiley & Sons:New York(1992)可用于查阅常规保护基团和使用它们的反应条件、脱保护试剂和方案,裂解试剂和推荐的使用它们的条件等。本发明者使用Applied Biosystems自动肽合成仪,它可完全由制造商增补推荐方案、溶剂、试剂等。实施例中详述了在固相合成中采用的特定方案。
为确保充分理解,现定义本说明书中使用的某些术语和缩略语。术语“Boc”指叔丁氧羰基。术语(tosyl)甲苯磺酰基是对甲苯磺酰基的缩写。术语“Chxl”是环己基的缩写。术语“2Cl-Z”是2氯苄氧羰基的缩写。术语“C1-C16羧酸”指除“氨基端”羧酸外具有1-16个碳的无支链烃。适宜的式I C1-C16羧酸基团仅是氨基端基团。因此,出现于C1-C16羧酸中的饱和度和取代度是重要的。适宜的无环一元羧酸的例子包括:乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷羧酸、十二烷羧酸。如上面讨论的那样,也可以使用不饱和无环一元羧酸及取代的饱和的和不饱和的无环一元羧酸。技术人员应认识到任意结构部分固有的伸展性,它的唯一功能是提供末端。因此本发明包括C1-C16羧酸和上面讨论的变化。
式II的LYS是赖氨酸的缩写。式I化合物的亚单位(R2-R24)除R4位丙酸和R3位D-Val外,通常地是L-氨基酸。因此亚单位之间的键是太键。将式I和式II肽的终端(R1-R24)定义为氢或羟基,如果加入另一种氨基酸,它们会消除肽键的形成。所以,当R1是H时,该H不是附加的H,它是各个氨基酸或R2丙酸的H。同样,当R24是OH时,该OH不是附加的OH,而是R23的各个氨基酸的OH。当R24是Ala或Ser时,存在完整的氨基酸,如果式II化合物合乎要求则羧基端羧酸可用于酰胺键形成。R2上的丙酸基可以是正丙酸或异丙酸。
优选通过基因工程技术表达式I的肽,该肽由L氨基酸组成。利用氨基酸序列和已知的简并遗传密码通过基团工程技术构成表达载体,能以低成本表达大量的肽,从而有效地生产仅含天然氨基酸的式I的肽。无需浏览分子生物学的进层状态有关可购得的常规DNA序列和用于细菌、酵母和哺乳动物细胞的表达载体的长篇大论。欲实践基因工程生产本发明肽的技术人员可参阅J.Samrook等,MOLECULAR CLONING:A LABORATORY MANUAL,(第二版,1989)和F.M.Ausubel等,CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,(1989)。上述文献对所有基因工程论述提供了极好的技术补充。
适于引发免疫反应的制品是本领域熟知的。完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)或许是最熟知的引发理想免疫应答的佐剂。然而,在完全弗氏佐剂中分枝杆菌的存在和重复施用CFA引起的炎症反应局限了该佐剂在治疗产乳动物中的应用。可利用许多其它的天然和合成的油基佐剂,也易于符合本发明的目的。下面简要讨论佐剂。
佐剂被定义为当与抗原同时施用时增强对抗原的免疫应答的任何制品。抗原是干扰宿主免疫系统并导致对侵入物质(抗原)的免疫应答的物质。
免疫佐剂的作用机理尚不完全清楚,据信它们可吸引免疫反应性淋巴细胞到抗原沉积部位,将抗原固定于炎症部位(储库作用),延迟抗原的分解代谢,激活反应性细胞的代谢并刺激淋巴细胞相互作用。
佐剂也可以通过几种其它的机理起作用,例如与自体抗原结合并修饰它们,又如弗氏佐剂在水油界面简单地改变它们的构型,或者通过对T或B淋巴细胞的非特异性刺激。
如果不与特异性抗原一起施用,许多佐剂也会非特异性地增强免疫反应性。有效的佐剂包括油、天然盐、双链核酸、微生物产物及许多其它试剂。
最为广为人知的油基佐剂是上面简述的完全弗氏佐剂和非完全弗氏佐剂的变型。这些佐剂由油(或蜡)包水或盐水乳液构成。典型地是将可溶性抗原溶于盐水并在等份油中乳化,所述油例如Bayol FTM(42.5%石蜡,31.4%单环萘和26.1%多环萘)或Arlacel(mannite monolate)。灭活分枝杆菌的加入大大增强了佐剂活性,这类佐剂被称为完全佐剂。这是相对于不完全佐剂而言的,不完全佐剂没有分枝杆菌。其它微生物产物包括脂蛋白提取物可以替代分枝杆菌。当使用完全佐剂时,已确定分枝杆菌的糖脂类和粘肽部分(wax D)是所见的增强的佐剂作用的主要原因。
当皮内或皮下注射时,使用单层乳液佐剂系统的疫苗最为有效。双层乳液(水包油包水)是更自由流动的乳液,故可获得更广泛的施用途径。
天然盐是另一种增强致免疫的性的方法,因而使疫苗有效。用天然盐,例如磷酸钙、硅石、明矾(硫酸铝钾或磷酸铝)或矾土霜沉淀的抗原溶液在注射部位及排流注射面积的淋巴结部位产生肉芽肿。该免疫肉芽肿所起的作用与用弗氏佐剂产生的相同。对人使用明矾沉淀的抗原增强了对于抗原例如,白喉类毒素预防接种的免疫应答程度。
不溶性胶性载体是另一类佐剂。除明矾沉淀外,其它胶性载体可以单独使用或和微生物产物或提取物组合与抗原组成佐剂。已经证明血炭(Blood charcol)在刺激产生抗被吸附抗原的抗体中有用。可控的聚合物长度的藻酸钙或钠具有佐剂特性。据证明对少量被捕获抗原聚丙烯酰胺凝胶能有效地刺激抗体产生。皂土也被成功地用作佐剂。
当与负电荷的抗原、DNA或多核苷酸混合产生沉淀时,甲基化牛血清白蛋白和其它正电荷蛋白作为佐剂十分有效。
由于它们在佐剂中的用途,简单提及一下微生物提取物。内毒素,例如革兰氏阴性细菌的胞内脂多糖可有效地增强免疫反应。内毒素系统地施用时起佐剂作用,但当它单独与抗原注射时则更为有效。许多内毒素能刺激抗体合成和B细胞增殖,还能提高巨噬细胞的吞噬活性。优选的内毒素包括大肠杆菌0111:B4鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhimurim)多种类型、肠炎沙门氏菌(S.enteriditis)和明尼苏达沙门氏菌(S.minnesota)中的内毒素。分枝杆菌和一些真菌的细胞壁亦可提高免疫反应性。这些物质似乎能吸引和激活巨噬细胞,由此增强抗原诱导的炎症部位的吞噬作用,而后通过辅助细胞增强抗原的显示,接下来促进抗原反应性B淋巴细胞的激活并增强细胞介导的(T细胞)作用。
多核苷酸,尤其是双链多核苷酸,例如聚肌胞(poly(IC))或聚腺尿(poly(AU))是有效的佐剂和免疫刺激剂。它们似乎是通过激活抗原反应性T细胞而起作用。多核苷酸也激活百噬细胞。
卡介菌(BLG)(Bacillus calmette guerin)、小棒杆菌(corynebacteria parvum)单核细胞增生利斯特氏菌(Listeriamonocytogenes)、百日咳博得特氏菌(Bordetella pertussis)或这些细菌的提取物都被用作佐剂。左旋四咪唑,一种驰虫药也可用作佐剂、假设这是通过它能激活T细胞、提高补体水平和激活巨噬细胞起作用。
佐剂的选择或佐剂的组合完全在普通免疫学技术人员的技术范围之内。上述讨论的佐剂包括用于实验的佐剂和潜在的应用于兽类的佐剂。本发明的乳腺炎疫苗可使用任意上述的佐剂进行配制,还应考虑到佐剂与本发明的肽的任意组合,或佐剂与本发明的肽的任意结合的使用都在本发明的范围之内。
据证明,本发明的乳腺炎疫苗能有效地引发包含抗体的体液应答它阻断其它的粘附性细菌结合到培养的乳房上皮细胞上。实施例中提供了免疫接种和牛乳房上皮细胞/细菌粘附鉴别的方案和具体细节。表I表示的数据表明了本发明的乳腺炎疫苗引发体液反应的有效性,该反应抑制金黄色葡萄球菌附着于乳类动物的易变形上皮细胞。
表1
结合抑制百分率对照奶牛 接种前 接种后 加强接种后
1 0 8 34
2 11 20 28
3 12 17 39
平均值 8 15 34实验奶牛
1 10 35 58
2 21 52 63
3 0 41 58
4 5 54 57
5 10 38 51
6 5 36 58
7 2 46 55
8 12 40 57
9 12 36 59
10 3 32 52
11 0 55 54
12 0 30 53
13 12 45 57
14 31 36 55
15 17 46 51平均值 9 41 56
术语“PRE”(接种前)是指标准化的免疫接种前动物血清阻断粘附的能力。“POST”反映免疫接种后的水平。BOOST值是如实施例中所述施行佐剂加强免疫接种后观察到的值。实施例6提供了用于产生表I数据的方法。
本发明的疫苗在乳牛乳腺炎的兽医学管理中特别有用。在乳腺炎疾病状态下细菌对易变形上皮细胞的粘附性特别易受本发明疫苗的影响,因为本发明疫苗阻断细菌粘附的能力会导致细菌在正常挤奶过程中流出。
将上面的讨论及数据主要指向本发明的优选实施方案,该方案是用本发明方法来设计本发明乳腺炎疫苗的用途。技术人员将认识到可将本领域各方面推知到许多其它与细菌粘附相关的领域,因而也应想到本发明的其它应用,并且这些都在本发明的范围之内。
具体实施方式
下面描述的本发明具体实施方案的实施例旨在进一步说明本发明,而不暗示对本发明的范围构成任何限制。
实施例1
AVKVAIDGFGRIGRLAFRAIQG-OH的合成
使用具有下列侧链保护基:Arg(Tosyl)、Asp(Chxl)和Lys(2-Cl-z)的Boc氨基酸。将328(0.25mM)Boc GlyOCH2PAM树脂(Applied Biosystems)通过双偶合循环装载到通过Applied Biosystems 430A肽合成仪上。
经TEA脱保护循环从完全的肽基树脂上脱除N-末端Boc基,然后将树脂转移到HF反应容器中,除去过量溶剂并真空。干燥该树脂,得1.03g。加入1ml间甲酚,将该容器连于HF装置HF apparatus(PennisulaLabs),冷至-78℃,并抽取进约15ml液态氟化氢。在冰浴中搅拌该反应1小时,而后真空除去HF,残留物悬于200ml乙醚。使该固体物质通过60ml玻璃多孔过滤漏斗,用乙醚洗2次。通过将收集物用15ml 50%乙酸水溶液(aq HOAc)洗涤两次,用15ml 10%aq HOAc洗涤两次和15ml水洗一次来增溶肽并使之与树脂分离。合并水性滤液,冻结并冻干。
将冻干物再溶于15ml 50%aq HOAc、10ml 10%aq HOAc和3ml CHCN中。取出5μl该溶液,用0.1%TFA稀释到500μl,将25μl注射到0.46×15cmVydac C18柱,使用FPLC(Pharmacia)系统分析。流速采用0.5ml/分。室温下进行层析。使用带有214nm滤片的UV检测器和设置于FPLC’S检测器(Pharmacia)的0.2A规格检测分离。层析溶液A为0.1%TFA。层析溶液B是0.1%TFA/50%CH3CN;使用的梯度为50%B、5%B、1%B、40%B、0%B和5%B。
在FPLC上,将剩余溶液上2.2×25cm Vydac C18柱进行制备性提纯。使用梯度为25%B50分钟,然后在450分钟里用25-65%B。收集5分钟(250ml)馏份。使用规格设定为0.2A的FPLC检测器在214nm检测UV吸收。用0.1%TFA以1∶10比例稀释第60-74各馏份的40μl样品,用HPLC分析20μl每份的样品。合并第64-68馏份,冻结并冻干,得到112mg。随后对该产物样品进行氨基酸分析和质谱分析。氨基酸摩尔比征实了得到的是目的产物。
快速原子轰击质谱数据表明除目的产物(2315.75)外还有2种较高分子量的组份(2375.0和2357.4)。该产物的HPLC分析表明纯度高于90%。
实施例2
AVKVAIDGFGRIGRLAFRAZQG-OH的大规模合成
合成、断裂和纯化基本按实施例1的教导进行。在AVKVAIDGFGRIGRLAFRAIQG-OH的合成中使用0.65g(0.5mM)BocGlyOCH2PAM树脂,得到2.1g完全的肽基树脂(得到理论重量的98%)。在断裂中使用1.5ml间甲酚和20ml HF,冻干所收集固体的水洗液得到1.06g粗产物。该产物的HPLC分析表明纯度为约75%,氨基酸分析表明存在所有预示的残基。氨基酸比例在所期望的粗肽制品的范围之内,但比例的变化性较理想的高一些。质谱分析未测到质量为2315.75的产物。缺乏2315.75MW产物是由于7和8位上Asp-Gly的存在以及HF断裂。
实施例3
AVKVAIEGFGAIGRLAFRAIQG-OH的合成
合成、断裂和纯化基本上按实施例1进行。该合成中的7和8位与实施例2的反应产物的相应位置不同。选择该肽的7和8位与HF断裂方法具有相容性。将650mg(0.5mM)Boc GlyOCH2PAM树脂通过目的合成反应装载,该反应中对Glu7侧链保护使用Chxl。如实施例1在ABI 430A肽合成仪上进行双偶合。干燥后得到2.08(97%)肽基树脂。基本按实施例2的方法进行HF断裂对所收集固体的水洗液进行HPLC分析,并且经制备层析纯化剩余的100ml水溶液。
合并馏份90-107,冷冻并冻干,得到400mg。HPLC分析表明其纯度为约95%+。氨基酸比例与理论值一致,质谱分析数据证实了目的分子量(2329.78)产物的存在。
实施例4
多抗原表示的乳腺炎肽:
(AVKVAIDGFGRIGRLAFRAIQG)4MAPS 4-分支的合成
如实施例1在ABI 430A肽合成仪上使用Boc氨基酸进行双偶联,用1克(0.5mM)MAP 4-分支t-Boc树脂进行同样的固相合成。得到2.7g干燥的肽基树脂,在断裂中使用2ml间甲酚和25ml液态HF。除去HF后用乙醚沉淀,过滤固体,用醚洗涤,通过用50%aq HOAc、10%aq HOAc和水洗涤来从所收集固体中提取肽。将合并的水洗液冷冻并冻干,得到830mg。高压液相层析(HPLC)分析表明仅有一宽峰,氨基酸分析得到的比例在理论值的68%-127%范围内。发现蛋白含量为36%。使用该产物而进行免疫接种无需进行另外的纯化/特征鉴别。
实施例5
疫苗的配制
将本发明优选的疫苗制成双层乳液(水包油包水)。把所需量的优选肽溶于含0.5%CaCl2的无菌磷酸缓冲盐水(PBS)中,并用带微量附属装置Microattachment的Omni Corp混合器在等体积的CFA(Difco)中进行乳化。使用冰浴以防止对肽的热损伤。一种可选择性的乳化方法是使用两支玻璃注射器和一个Leur锁阀,在两支注射器之间重复转移乳液。无论何种方式进行乳化,都应测试乳液抵抗分散到水性介质中的能力。通过将一滴乳液放在水中并观察该乳液的分散来进行测试。如果乳滴在水中稳定数分钟就足够了。
将在油(CFA)中乳化的PBS的(最初的水相)中的肽而后在等体积的2%TWEENTM 80(Sigma)中,用具有微量附属装置的混合器进行乳化。带有Leur锁阀的注射器将乳化得同样好。
实施例6
免疫接种方法牛的研究
在免疫接种开始前,从每只动物获取少量血样。表I中提供了作为研究中每只动物的前血值的PRE。所有的免疫接种由1ml指定注射剂组成并且所有注射均是皮下的。对照组动物每次接受1ml PBS,实验组则接受疫苗。最初的免疫接种由如实施例5详述的在修饰的完全弗氏佐剂中乳化的50mg优选的肽组成。初始注射后7天,每只“实验动物”接受第二次修饰的不完全弗氏佐剂(总体积1ml)中的75mg皮下注射。实验动物接受修饰的不完全弗氏佐剂中的100mg优选肽。初始免疫接种7周后,所有实验动物接受100μg修饰的不完全弗氏佐剂进行强化免疫接种。采血样并评估可阻断细菌粘附于易变形上皮细胞的抗体的存在。羊的研究
对牛进行的研究花费了昂贵的费用,因而在羊中只进行了证明血清转化(对抗本发明的优选太致免疫的的抗体产生)的初步实验。下面给出了免疫接种方法、放血时间和由此得到的结果。
周 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 10
注射疫苗 X X X X X
采集血样 X X X X X X
细胞分析 8.8 31 37 46 55 56 52
中百分抑
制率
实施例7
牛乳房上皮细胞的制备A.组织获取
选择具有正常乳房活性,即没有疾病或外伤的动物。使用捕获栓施行安死术,取下整个乳房。室温下用无菌0.85%盐水对该乳房进行全面洗涤。将乳房沿平行于中央韧带对切。获取健康组织。对健康组织的识别需要对该类型组织有一定的熟悉。实际上,实践该方法的技术人员不一定具有这方面的技术,本发明者建议只获取外观是颗粒状的组织。将获取的组织样品切成小片直至组织碎片能通过20号(gauge)针头。将组织碎片放在盛有汉氏平衡盐溶液(HBSS)、(GIBCO)的无菌容器中,它补加有庆大霉素和两性霉素B。HBSS可以有两种不同形式,一种含有Mg和Ca,不含Mg和Ca的HBSS本文称为HBSS-。熟练技术人员将认识到对获取的样品用含有有效抗生素和抗真菌剂的生理可接受溶液进行外科手术式洗涤是必要的,以减少原代培养中的污染。也可以使用其它盐溶液、抗生素和抗真菌剂,这纯粹是选择方式问题。B.组织制备
将A步骤中制备的约100g组织放在约400ml新鲜冰冷的HBSS中。在随后的过程中使该组织尽可能地置于冰上并尽快完成这些过程。取小片组织样品放到无菌皿中,剪碎成均匀糊状。合并剪碎的样品并用冷HBSS洗,直至上清液外观不再呈乳状。C.消化过程
制备酶“鸡尾酒”来消化细胞内基质,以游离出单个细胞。将下列组份溶于含有庆大霉素和两性霉素B的400mlHBSS中来制备酶溶液,胶原酶-1.38g;2-糜蛋白酶-1g;弹性蛋白酶-20mg;透明质酸酶-1g;大豆胰蛋白酸抑制剂-50mg和牛血清白蛋白-10g。上述试剂可从许多生化试剂供应商购得。SigmaChemical Company和Worthington Biochemical是优选的厂商。
将上面制备的酶鸡尾酒进行无菌过滤并用来消化约100g组织。消化过程在约37℃进行约45分钟。确切时间根据温度、混合情况、组织碎片大小、酶活性等而变化。本发明建议按一定时间间隔取出等份的消化混合物并观察到含有多于约100个细胞的团块存在。显微镜和血细胞计数仪(hemocytometer)可充分满足此目的。
将消化容器从37℃水浴或孵箱中取出(水浴是优选的,因为相对于孵箱而言它可快速达到热平衡),使用20目筛过滤该液体并将其倾入无菌杯中。如果有含有多于约200个细胞的残余团块,使用橡胶淀帚(也可以用带有橡胶底的注射器柱塞代替)进行部分破碎将消化液重新放入水浴中,仔细检测,得到50-100个细胞每个团块的腺泡(acini)制品。避免过度消化对于制品的存活性及因此的利用性而言是必要的。
将烧杯从水浴中取出并使液体通过无菌CELLECTORTM筛(20目),如果需要使用淀帚来破碎不能过筛的残余团块。抛弃筛网土剩余组织并将该细胞制品放在离心管中。经离心细胞被沉淀,用HBSS洗两次并再悬浮于Media 199加Earl’s盐(GIBCO),它含有20%胎牛血清和10%二甲亚砜,细胞浓度为约6×106个细胞/ml。D.组织储存
将C步骤的细胞制品分成1ml等份溶液并装入2ml塑料冷冻管(Sarstedt,W.Germany)。该管在-70℃冰箱中预冻24小时,然后转入液氮中最终储存。
实施例8
结合抑制分析A.乳房上皮细胞
合并三个冷冻管的乳房上皮细胞并在25℃用PH7.2的40ml PHS洗三次。B.细菌生长
将一接种环金黄色葡萄球菌株转移到无菌胰酶解酪蛋白大豆肉汤培基中于39℃培养24小时该菌株已被预先确定粘附于乳房上皮细胞。该细胞通过离心收获并用等体积PBS洗一次。洗后,将该细胞以106个细胞/ml悬浮于PBS中。C.细菌粘附分析
将洗过的乳房上皮细胞(0.5ml的104个细胞/ml悬浮液)与B步骤中制备的0.5ml细菌细胞悬浮液在12×75mM玻璃试管中混合,并在水浴摇床上于39℃孵育30分钟。孵育后细胞混合物用PBS洗四次并除去任何非粘附细菌。涂片,空气干燥,用革兰氏结晶紫染色15秒。通过计数多块涂片上粘附于25个乳房细胞的金黄色葡萄球菌数测定粘附于100个上皮细胞上的细菌数。
本发明疫苗的有效率部分地通过滴定免疫接种动物血清和相关于稀释品抑制粘附的能力来测定。第7页表1概括了这些研究数据。
Claims (4)
1.一种确定参与粘附的分子的方法,包括:
(a)制备粘附性或非粘附性微生物变种的细胞壁或细胞膜提取物;和
(b)比较(a)步骤的提取物以确定存在于粘附性变种但不存在于非粘附性变种的分子。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中微生物是革兰氏阳性菌。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中革兰氏阳性菌是一种与乳腺炎有关的细菌。
4.一种疫苗,它包含按权利要求1的方法鉴别的致免疫肽。
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BR (1) | BR9407988A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2175708A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ128896A3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI961869A (zh) |
HU (1) | HUT75556A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO961808L (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ276290A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL314303A1 (zh) |
RO (1) | RO116045B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2143920C1 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG49830A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW448185B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA42741C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1995012410A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA948590B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2333750A1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-29 | Dale T. Umetsu | Adjuvant therapy |
JP2003171291A (ja) * | 1999-10-29 | 2003-06-17 | Takeda Schering-Plough Animal Health Kk | 乳房炎用粘膜予防剤 |
US6984381B2 (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2006-01-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Vaccine for the prevention of bacterial infection of the bovine mammary gland |
GB0219524D0 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2002-10-02 | Queen Mary & Westfield College | Therapeutic uses of monoclonal antibodies to the angiotensin-II type-1 receptor |
GB0802931D0 (en) | 2008-02-18 | 2008-03-26 | Queen Mary & Westfield College | Synthetic scFv analogue to the 6313/G2 (anti angiotensin II type 1 receptor) monoclonal anitbody variable regions |
CN102716475A (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-10 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | 一种奶牛乳房炎疫苗的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0672123A1 (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1995-09-20 | The Rockefeller University | Multifunctional surface protein of streptococci |
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1994
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- 1994-11-01 ZA ZA948590A patent/ZA948590B/xx unknown
- 1994-11-04 CN CN94194775A patent/CN1087953C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-04 CA CA002175708A patent/CA2175708A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-11-04 HU HU9601191A patent/HUT75556A/hu unknown
- 1994-11-04 BR BR9407988A patent/BR9407988A/pt active IP Right Grant
- 1994-11-04 UA UA96051776A patent/UA42741C2/uk unknown
- 1994-11-04 EP EP95901154A patent/EP0726774A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-11-04 CZ CZ961288A patent/CZ128896A3/cs unknown
- 1994-11-04 WO PCT/US1994/012752 patent/WO1995012410A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-04 RO RO96-00919A patent/RO116045B1/ro unknown
- 1994-11-04 RU RU96112189A patent/RU2143920C1/ru active
- 1994-11-04 SG SG1996007162A patent/SG49830A1/en unknown
- 1994-11-04 AU AU10505/95A patent/AU1050595A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-11-04 PL PL94314303A patent/PL314303A1/xx unknown
- 1994-11-04 KR KR1019960702306A patent/KR960705582A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1994-11-04 JP JP7513446A patent/JPH09505039A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-05-02 FI FI961869A patent/FI961869A/fi unknown
- 1996-05-03 NO NO961808A patent/NO961808L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-03 US US08/678,444 patent/US5679349A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-04 NZ NZ276290A patent/NZ276290A/en unknown
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2002
- 2002-03-11 CN CN02107123A patent/CN1380422A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO961808D0 (no) | 1996-05-03 |
FI961869A0 (fi) | 1996-05-02 |
HU9601191D0 (en) | 1996-06-28 |
AU1050595A (en) | 1995-05-23 |
PL314303A1 (en) | 1996-09-02 |
EP0726774A1 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
ZA948590B (en) | 1996-05-02 |
HUT75556A (en) | 1997-05-28 |
BR9407988A (pt) | 1996-12-03 |
UA42741C2 (uk) | 2001-11-15 |
TW448185B (en) | 2001-08-01 |
CA2175708A1 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
US5679349A (en) | 1997-10-21 |
NZ276290A (en) | 1997-11-24 |
FI961869A (fi) | 1996-05-02 |
WO1995012410A1 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
EP0726774A4 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
CN1141000A (zh) | 1997-01-22 |
SG49830A1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
CZ128896A3 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
RO116045B1 (ro) | 2000-10-30 |
CN1087953C (zh) | 2002-07-24 |
NO961808L (no) | 1996-06-27 |
RU2143920C1 (ru) | 2000-01-10 |
KR960705582A (ko) | 1996-11-08 |
JPH09505039A (ja) | 1997-05-20 |
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