CN1368846A - 土壤施用的含苗后除草剂的除草组合物 - Google Patents

土壤施用的含苗后除草剂的除草组合物 Download PDF

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CN1368846A
CN1368846A CN00811391A CN00811391A CN1368846A CN 1368846 A CN1368846 A CN 1368846A CN 00811391 A CN00811391 A CN 00811391A CN 00811391 A CN00811391 A CN 00811391A CN 1368846 A CN1368846 A CN 1368846A
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U·比克斯
G·弗里施
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Abstract

含苗后除草剂、载体物质和必要时其他添加剂的除草组合物,所述载体来自漂白土、气凝胶、高分子量聚乙二醇和基于丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其共聚物的聚合物,所述除草组合物可在苗前使用防治不需要的有害植物。

Description

土壤施用的含苗后除草剂的除草组合物
本发明涉及除草剂领域，特别是土壤施用的除草剂。
为防治不需要的有害植物，使用者可根据除草剂的生物性能，欲防治的有害植物类型和有用植物的类型自大量除草剂中挑选。在本文中，还应考虑由于固有的作用机制而导致许多除草剂只能通过苗前方法或苗后方法使用。上述两种方法和用于这些方法的除草剂具有某些优点和缺点。苗后方法，例如在该方法中使用具叶面作用的除草剂如双丙氨酰膦、敌草快、草铵膦、草甘膦和百草枯，的缺点是例如：
·由于过量使用对有益植物的损伤
·根据所用植物的种类、预防治的有害植物和/或所讨论的有益植物，需要重复施用多次。
最后提到的缺点是很严重的，特别是从节时耕种的角度来说。
另一方面，许多可通过苗后方法使用的除草剂具有相当多的优点，尤其是从生态学的观点来看，因为在许多情况下上述除草剂比苗前方法施用的除草剂具有更好的毒理学和生态毒理学性能。因此根据具体的施用情形，在许多情况下使用者希望能在苗前施用的条件下使用苗后除草剂，即在植物出苗前使用或必要时与有益植物的播种同时进行。然而，迄今为止，由于这些除草剂的作用机制，这种施用还是不可能的，特别是在具叶面作用的除草剂情况下，因为例如现有技术的除草组合物形式的具叶面作用的除草剂由于其可淋溶性或在土壤中的降解行为而只能经由植物的绿色部分被吸收。例如已知可用作具叶面作用的除草剂的草铵膦(2-氨基-4-(羟甲基氧膦基)丁酸)易于在土壤中分解，因此不能显示出任何除草作用(G.Hoerlein在“《环境污染和毒理学评论》(Reviews ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology)”，第138卷，Springer-Verlag；“农药手册”，第11版，1997，英国植保学会)。已知同样具有叶面作用的除草剂草甘膦能被土壤大量吸收并在其中降解，因此不能足量地被植物利用(L.Torstensson“除草剂草甘膦”，Butterworths，第137-150页)。
在下文中，根据上下文术语“除草剂”应理解为表示纯的除草活性化合物或制剂形式的除草活性化合物即除草组合物。在本文中术语“苗前”和“苗后”应理解为指有害植物出苗的时间，即用苗前方法的处理表示在有害植物出苗前用除草剂处理，从而先于植物绿色部分的形成。类似地，用苗后方法的处理表示在有害植物出苗后用除草剂处理。
因此，在植物保护领域中以及在防治有害植物的领域中，已尝试多次例如通过改良的制剂或施用方法增强特定活性化合物的使用性能，例如其作用谱、其持效性或必需的用量。因此，杂草研究，1997，37，19-26，检验了通过使用控释制剂是否能增强除草剂氯磺隆的活性和降低其淋溶的倾向。US5674519公开了某些植物保护剂包括除草剂在土壤中淋溶的趋势能通过使用含微胶囊形式活性化合物的制剂得以降低。WO98/05205也描述了一种特殊形式的胶囊包封的植物保护剂，该形式能增强活性并降低雨水淋溶的敏感性。
此外，WO99/26474和WO99/26743描述了使用环糊精或碳水化合物释放活性化合物的方法。
然而，上述出版物均未指出可采用适宜的手段在苗前使用苗后除草剂。
因此，本发明的目的是使通过苗前方法使用苗后除草剂成为可能。此目的可通过含有效量的一种或多种苗后除草剂和一定量的载体物质的除草组合物得以实现，所述载体物质选自漂白土、气凝胶、高分子量聚乙二醇和基于丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其共聚物的聚合物。
在本文中，本发明的组合物应仅包含现有技术中除草组合物形式的苗后除草剂，该除草剂专用于苗后方法使用，即在不需要的有害植物出苗后使用。
令人惊讶的是与上述载体物质结合的苗后除草剂当用苗前方法使用时，即当在有害植物出苗前施用该除草组合物时，能对不需要的有害植物显示出除草活性。
通常，本发明的组合物包含：
a)0.001-48％重量的一种或多种苗后除草剂，
b)2-90％重量的载体物质和
c)0-97％重量的溶剂。
特别适宜的苗后除草剂是具叶面作用的除草剂。优选的除草剂是双丙氨酰膦、敌草快、草铵膦、草甘膦和百草枯。特别优选的草铵膦。上述除草剂已知于例如“农药手册”，第11版，1997，英国植保学会。当然所述的除草剂也可采用商品化的盐形式，例如“农药手册”中已知的。
本发明组合物的另一优点是该组合物以固体形式存在并且可以例如颗粒剂的形式使用。使用者可将此固体形式直接施加到被处理的区域，即不必制备喷雾液。为此，根据有益植物的类型和需防治的预期有害植物的类型，可将其施用到需处理的土壤上、耕入(work into)土壤中或通过旁施施用。
旁施表示将除草剂施用到土壤中种子下方。在本文中，特别有益的是还可以在播种作物操作的同时施用除草组合物，从而降低被处理土壤的机械应力。
可用于本发明组合物的除草剂可以纯活性化合物的形式或连同载体物质和必要时与附加物质一起的常规商品制剂的形式，以下文所述的方式加工成本发明的组合物。本发明组合物的一个特殊优点是其良好的环境相容性。由于与常规的施用方法相反，本发明除草剂不是以液体形式喷雾，而是以固体形式施用，因此不会有喷雾不受控制地漂移到使用者和邻近区域与植物上的危险。此外，使用环境相容的制剂助剂，因为其或者-如高分子量聚乙二醇和丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其共聚物的聚合物-可生物降解成非有害的物质或-如漂白土-显示出环境中性的特点。
制备除草组合物可根据本领域技术人员已知的方法混和活性化合物、载体物质和必要时其他所述添加剂。例如颗粒剂可按照EP-A-0413267所述的方法制备。根据载体物质的类型，所述的物质可以固体或液体或溶解的形式存在。在颗粒剂的制备中，欲混和的活性化合物和添加剂以液体或溶解的形式存在是有利的。在本文中，这些物质可以已知的方式，例如通过喷雾、浇淋、滴加、在流化床中处理、混凝土混和机、滚筒混合器等均匀地施用。也可以用所述活性化合物和添加剂的溶液过饱和这些载体物质或通过干燥除去过量的水形成例如凝胶。在制备熔融颗粒剂例如基于聚乙二醇的熔融颗粒剂的情况下，优选将活性化合物和添加剂以固体形式混和并挤出。还可以压片、制粒、制备薄片并通过轧碎或研磨粉碎成粉末。在所有的制备过程中，均可通过粉碎进行后处理。还可以使用适合的添加剂紧实极细的颗粒避免形成粉尘。此外必要时还可添加添加剂以改善例如颗粒剂的可流动性或其可润湿性。
根据预定的目的，除草组合物还可含其他可用于植物保护的物质，如苗前除草剂、植物生长调节剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、安全剂((除草剂的)解毒剂)、营养物、防腐剂、包衣剂和肥料。必要时根据有益植物的类型和需防治的预期的有害植物、真菌、昆虫和取食害虫的类型选择需添加的苗前除草剂、植物生长调节剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和包衣剂。原则上可使用所有通常用于植物保护的商品物质。适宜的营养物和肥料尤其是硝酸铵/尿素水溶液和NPK溶液如12-6-8、8-8-6、5-8-10，以及硫酸铵和/或硝酸铵溶液。
优选的载体物质是气凝胶，基于丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其共聚物的聚合物，还有高分子量的聚乙二醇。
当使用本发明的组合物时，必须确保有益植物对所用的除草剂能充分地耐受。除了通过靶标基因操作获得的对除草剂充分耐受的有益植物以外，还包括即使无基因操作仍能充分耐受某些除草剂的植物如大麦。本发明的组合物用于禾谷类、玉米、大豆和油菜的有益植物中可特别有利。优选用于由于基因操作而能充分耐受所述除草剂的作物。
如其他除草组合物一样，当然本发明的组合物也可以给除草剂提供添加剂如表面活性剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、助剂、铵盐、防腐剂、着色剂、消泡剂、粘着剂、溶剂、缓冲体系和UV稳定剂并且在某些情况下是有利的。根据添加剂的类型和目的，上述添加剂可以与除草剂一起被加工成制剂或与除草剂同时给出并同除草剂分开使用。这些添加剂起到改善使用性能的作用。使用所述添加剂对增强例如除草剂的持效性是有利的。使用防腐剂以例如减缓活性化合物和/或制剂助剂的生物降解。
适宜的表面活性剂是例如含或不含亚硫酸氢钠的甲醛和苯酚和/或萘酚的缩合物，如BASF的Tamol NNO，Clariant的Rapidamin-Reserve或CFPI的Galoryl MT800或DT201；含2-40 EO和/或PO的C12-C24脂肪醇，必要时磷酸盐化和/或用链烷醇胺、碱金属或氨水中和；上述脂肪醇的二-和三苯乙烯基类似物，例如Clariant的Genapol系列，Henkel的Grafol类和Rhodia的Soprophor类；烷基醚硫酸盐如Clariant的LRO；烷基-和/或烯基磺酸盐如Clariant的Hostapur OS，木质素磺酸盐如Booregard的Ufoxane 3A和Vanisperse CB；Westvaco的Reax类型；N-甲基氨基牛磺酸盐如Clariant的Hostapon T；磺基丁二酸单酯盐如Clariant的Hoe S 1728；烷基多糖如Henkel的Plantaren APG 600；乙氧基化C12-C24-脂肪胺，如Clariant的Genamin类型。根据预期的目的，适宜的溶剂是醇类、二醇、多元醇、N-取代的吡咯烷酮、酮类、醛、醚、聚醚、石蜡、芳族化合物、杂芳族化合物、环烷酮、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃和水。用水是有利的。
适宜的防腐剂是例如Henkel的Bronidox L，Riedel de Haen的Mergal类型，ICI的Proxel，抗坏血酸衍生物，苯甲酸衍生物，甲醛，柠檬酸，Rohm & Haas的防腐剂Kathon系列和BASF的brohopol。
适宜的助剂是例如烷基多糖或月桂基醚硫酸盐。
属于高分子量聚乙二醇的适宜载体物质尤其是分子量为2000-40000(PEG2000-PEG40000)的聚乙二醇。属于气凝胶的适宜载体物质尤其是EP-A-0171722中所述的气凝胶。
添加如硫酸铵、硝酸铵和一种上述表面活性剂，尤其是属于烷基醚硫酸盐的表面活性剂是特别有利的。
通过苗前方法使用所述除草组合物是新的，并形成了本发明的部分主题。
可以通过苗前方法使用本发明的除草组合物防治不需要的有害植物。此方法是新的并且也形成了本发明的部分主题。
本发明将通过下列实施方案进行说明。
A.制剂实施例
作为实施例，本发明各种除草组合物的定性和定量(以重量％表示)组成列于表1-4中。
表1
除草剂(活性化合物)          载体物质   添加剂
编号 Basta50％(草铵膦)  Basta150g/l(草铵膦) LuquasorbAF1 Lupuasorb   AF2 气凝胶C373   水
 1  2  90   8.00
 2  2  10   88.00
 3  2  4   94.00
 4  2  2   96.00
 5  2  90   8.00
 6  2  88   10.00
 7  2  50   48.00
 8  2  10   88.00
 9  2  4   94.00
 10  2  2   96.00
 11  95  5
 12  90  10
 13  90  10
 14  95  5
 15  10  90
 16  2  90   8.00
 17  2  80   18.00
 18  2  40   58.00
 19  2  50   48.00
 20  2  65   33.00
 21  2  60   38.00
 22  2  50   48.00
Basta 150g/l：13.5％草铵膦，58.81％ Genapol LRO，10.0％ Dowanol PM，0.25％  Fluowet PL80，0.005％ Duasyn acid blue AE，加水至100％
表2
      除草剂            载体物质                                                                 添加剂
   编号 Basta 50％ Basta 99％ LupuasorbAF1 气凝胶 P88  气凝胶 C373 硝酸铵 硫酸铵  尿素 HostapurOSB Geropon SDS Genapol LRO Sipernat 22S Duasyn acidblue AE Sicolapse5020 StepanolME Dry    丙二醇  菜籽油  甘油     水
    23     2     40    58.00
    24     2     35    63.00
    25     2     30    68.00
    26     85   15
    27     95   5
    28     2     81     1   5   5   0.01     5.99
    29     2     81     1     5   0.01     5     5.99
    30     2     86     1     5   0.01     5.99
    31     2     86     5     5   0.01     1.99
    32     2   40     1   10   0.05     4     42.95
    33     2     40     1     10     10   0.05     4     39.25
    34     85     5     10
    35     85     5     10
    36     85     5     10
    37     11     84     5
    38     80     5    15.00
    39     80     5     6    9.00
    40     2     75     1     5    17.00
    41     2     75     4     5    14.00
    42     2     75     1     5    17.00
    43     2     75     4     5    14.00
    44     1     99
    45     1     1     98
表3
        除草剂(活性化合物)           载体物质                                                                                                                       添加剂
 编号 Basta 50％ Basta 150％ 百草枯200g/l Roundup360(草甘膦)g/l uquasorbAF1 uquasorbAF2 气凝胶P88 NHH4NO3 (NH4)2SO2 DeroponSDS GenapolIBO GenaminT150 KF640 Sipernate2S Proxel GIXL Bronidox L Kathon MK Kobate C  Mergal K9N duasynacidblue AE Silcolapse5020   丙二醇 SupragilWP    甘油 Hostapon T HostapurOSB     水
  46    5.5   75     5    14.50
  47     3.3   75     5    16.70
  48   7.2   75     5    12.80
  49   20   75     5
  50   2   75   1     5    0.01    16.99
  51   2   75   2     5    0.01    15.99
  52   2   40   10   10    0.01     4   33.99
  53   2   45   10    43.00
  54   2   86   1     5    0.1    0.01   5.89
  55   2   40   10   10    0.01     4     24    9.99
  56   2   40   1     10   10    0.01     4   32.99
  57   2   86   1     5    0.1    0.01   5.89
  58   2   86   1     5    0.1    0.01   5.89
  59   2   86   1     5    0.1    0.01   5.89
  60   2   86   1     5   0.1    0.01   5.89
  61   2   50   10    38.00
  62   2   50   10    38.00
  63   2   50   10    38.00
  64   2   50   10    38.00
  65   2   50   10    38.00
  66   2   50   10    38.00
  67   2   45    53.00
表4
    除草剂        载体物质                                                                                 添加剂
 编号 Basta  50％ Basta 99％ 气凝胶   P88  聚乙二醇20,000 Hostapon T GeroponSDS Dispersant SI Galoryl MT800 Supragil WP Texapon K12 ECD 1736 Genapol PF40  HostapurSAS30 PhospholanKPE GenapolO 080 Mowiol 18-88 Tylose H20 Berol 992 Soprophor 3D33 Soprophor F1 Emulsogen1860 RhodonatSGF Supragil WP Sipernat 22S Mergal K9N      水
    68     2     50     10      38.00
    69     2     50   10      38.00
    70     2     50     10      38.00
    71     2     50   10      38.00
    72     2     45   10      43.00
    73     2     45   10      43.00
    74     2     45   10      43.00
    75     2     45     10      43.00
    76     2     45   10      43.00
    77     2     45   1      52.00
    78     2     45   1      52.00
    79     2     45   10      43.00
    80     2     45   10      43.00
    81     2     45   10      43.00
    82     2     45     10      43.00
    83     2     45   10      43.00
    84     2     45   10      43.00
    85     1      88.9   5   5    0.1
    86     5      88.9     5     5    0.1
表1a-组合物
                                             除草剂     载体物质                                       添加剂
 编号   Basta 50％   Basta 99％  单-利谷隆工业级 2甲4氯丙酸工业级   西玛津工业级   敌草隆工业级 二氯-丙-对-甲胂钠工业级 2，4-d-甲胂钠盐   气凝胶 P88  聚乙二醇20,000   丙二醇 HostapurOSB   硝酸铵 Bronidox L duasyn acidblue AE 干Stepanol ME  MergalK9N
  87    2.0    40.0   46.85      1.0      0.05     10.0     0.1
  88      1.1    40.0   47.80      1.00      0.05     10.0     0.1
  89      1.05    40.0   47.85   10.0      1.00    0.05      0.05
  90      1.05   98.95
  91   0.1      1.05   98.85
  92   0.3      1.05   98.65
  93   0.5      1.05   98.45
  94   1.0      0.50   98.50
  95   1.0      1.05   97.95
  96   1.0      2.10   96.90
  97      1.2     40.0     47.25   10.0      1.0    0.5      0.05
  98    2.0      0.3     40.0     46.55      1.0      0.05     10.0     0.1
  99    2.0      0.1     40.0     46.75      1.0      0.05     10.0     0.1
  100    2.0      1.2      1.9     40.0     43.79      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  101      1.5     40.0     47.39      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  102    2.0      4.0     40.0     42.89      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  103      3.0     40.0     45.89      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  104    2.0      3.0     40.0     43.89      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  105      1.2     40.0     47.69      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  106    2.0      0.2     40.0     46.69      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  107    2.0      0.3     40.0     46.59      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  108    2.0      0.5     40.0     46.39      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.1
  109     1.2     40.0     47.74      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.05
  110    2.0     0.5     40.0     46.44      1.0      0.01     10.0     0.05
表2a-组合物
                                                       除草剂                     载体物质                                         添加剂
 编号 Basta50％ Basta99％ 2，4-甲胂钠盐  2甲4氯-甲胂钠 盐工业级 苯嗪草铜工业级 乙草胺工业级  利谷隆工业级  矮壮素  灭草松工业级 酸嘧磺隆工业级  莠去津工业级  气疑胶P88 聚乙二醇20,000 Sipernat 22S Luquasorb AF1     丙二醇 Hostapur OSB   硝酸铵 Bronidox L duasyn acid blueAE Geropon SDS Stepanol ME dry  Mergal K9N
 111    2.0   0.05   40.0     46.89   1.0  0.01  10.0    0.1
 112    2.0  0.06   40.0     46.79   1.0  0.05  10.0    0.1
 113    2.0  0.37   40.0     46.48   1.0  0.05  10.0    0.1
 114  1.22   40.0     47.63   1.0  0.05  10.0    0.1
 115   1.0   40.0     47.85   1.0  0.05  10.0    0.1
 116  1.0   40.0     47.85   1.0  0.05  10.0    0.1
 117   1.0   99.0
 118    1.0   1.0   98.0
 119    2.0   1.0   40.0     46.99   0.01   10.0
 120    2.0   0.5   5.0    86.0     6.49   0.01
 121    1.0   40.0     47.85   1.0   0.05   10.0    0.1
 122    2.0    0.05   40.0     46.80   1.0   0.05   10.0    0.1
 123    2.0    0.5   40.0     46.35   1.0   0.05   10.0    0.1
 124    1.0   40.0     47.45   10.0   1.0   0.5   0.05
 125    2.0    0.5   40.0     45.95   10.0   1.0   0.5   0.05
 126    2.0    2.0   40.0     44.45   10.0   1.0   0.5   0.05
 127    30.0    1.1   40.0     18.65   0.05   10.0    0.2
 128    1.1   40.0     48.70   10.0    0.2
 129    1.1   93.9   5.0
 130    1.7    0.10   93.2   5.0
 131    1.0   1.0   98.0
 132   1.0   99.0
 133   1.0   40.0     47.85   1.0   0.05   10.0    0.1
表3a
  除草剂  载体物质                                                                    添加剂
    编号  Basta50％  气疑胶P88   丙二醇 HostapurOSB 硝酸铵 BronidoxL   duasynacid  blueAE   GeroponSDS   StepanolME Dry   Mergalk9N 苯基丁二酸   1-萘基乙酸钠  3-吲哚基-乙酸钠  赤霉酸钠
    134     2.0     40.0    46.35     1.0     0.5     10.0     0.1     0.5
    135     2.0     40.0    44.85     1.0     0.05     10.0     0.1     2.0
    136     2.0     40.0    46.75     1.0     0.05     10.0     0.1     0.1
    137     2.0     40.0    45.85     1.0     0.05     10.0     0.1     1.0
    138     2.0     40.0    46.44   10.0     1.0    0.5     0.05    0.1
    139     2.0     40.0    46.25   10.0     1.0    0.5     0.05    0.20
    140     2.0     40.0    46.84     1.0     0.05     10.0     0.1     0.01
    141     2.0     40.0    46.65     1.0     0.05     10.0     0.1     0.2
B.生物实施例
下文所用缩写的含义：
ABUTH苘麻                       AMARE反枝苋
BRSNW蔓菁                       CHEAL白藜
GALAP猪殃殃                     HORVS大麦
LOLMU多花黑麦草
B.1比较结合聚合物载体物质的草铵磷与通过常规方法施用的草铵磷对有害植物的作用
在温室中，将根据实施例48制备的除草剂草铵磷颗粒剂以500g活性化合物/公顷(经换算的)的施用量撒施到含腐植质的壤土上，然后向土壤浇水。施用后第3天，将狗尾草(Setaria viridis)的种子播种到1cm深处。在实验的整个期间，白天温度保持22-24℃，夜间温度保持16-18℃，用钠蒸气灯(大约7000勒克斯)进行附加照明实现恒定的16小时光照长度。相对大气湿度是60-80％。播种后第35天目测评分显示对狗尾草的活性达到70％。为进行比较，在另外相同的条件下并且同样以500g活性化合物/公顷(经换算的)的施用量施用草铵磷水溶液。播种后第35天目测评分显示对狗尾草的活性为零(0％)。
B.2比较结合聚合物载体物质的草铵磷对有害植物和有益植物的作用。
在温室中，将有害植物LOLMU、AMARE和CHEAL和有益植物HORVS的种子播种到含腐植质的壤土中，在上面覆盖0.5cm的同样土壤层，然后浇水。播种后一天，将根据实施例48制备的除草剂草铵磷制剂以1000g活性化合物/公顷(换算后的)的用量撒施到土壤上。在实验的整个期间，白天温度保持22-24℃，夜间温度保持16-18℃，用钠蒸气灯(大约7000勒克斯)进行附加照明实现恒定的16小时光照长度。相对大气湿度是60-80％。播种后35天目测评分得到表5所示结果，发现与测试的三种有害植物相比，作物HORVS未受到除草剂的损害。
表5  对有害植物和有益植物的活性(％)
用根据制剂实施例编号的除草剂的处理 LOLMU  AMARE  CHEAL  HORVS
                 48   40   70   60   0
B.3结合不同的载体物质的草铵磷对有害植物的作用
在室外将有害植物GALAP、AMARE、CHEAL和LOLMU的种子播种到含腐植质的壤土上，再覆盖0.5cm的同样土壤层，然后浇水。播种后一天，将根据实施例40、45和46制备的除草剂草铵磷制剂以750g活性化合物/公顷(换算后的)的施用量撒施到土壤上。播种后35天目测评分得到表6所示结果。
表6  对有害植物的活性(％)
用根据制剂实施例编号的除草剂的处理 GALAP  AMARE  CHEAL  LOLMU
               40   80   10   15   25
               45   100   35   70   30
               56   70   40   85   25
B.4不同的肥料对结合聚合物载体物质的草铵磷效力的影响
在温室中，将有害植物ABUTH、AMARE、CHEAL和LOLMU的种子播种到含腐植质的壤土中，在上面覆盖0.5cm的同样土壤层，然后浇水。播种后一天，将根据实施例41和43制备的除草剂草铵磷制剂以750g活性化合物/公顷(换算后的)的施用量撒施到土壤上。在实验的整个期间，白天温度保持22-24℃，夜间温度保持16-18℃，用钠蒸气灯(大约7000勒克斯)进行附加照明实现恒定的16小时光照长度。相对大气湿度是60-80％。播种后35天目测评分得到表7所示结果。
表7  对有害植物和有益植物的活性(％)
用根据制剂实施例编号的除草剂的处理  ABUTH  AMARE  CHEAL  LOLMU
                41   80   90   85   15
                43   75   75   75   10
B.5不同的表面活性剂对结合聚合物载体物质的草铵磷效力的影响
在温室中，将有害植物ABUTH、AMARE、CHEAL和LOLMU的种子播种到含腐植质的壤土中，在上面覆盖0.5cm的同样土壤层，然后浇水。播种后一天，将根据实施例41和43制备的除草剂草铵磷制剂以750g活性化合物/公顷(换算后的)的施用量撒施到土壤上。在实验的整个期间，白天温度保持22-24℃，夜间温度保持16-18℃，用钠蒸气灯(大约7000勒克斯)进行附加照明实现恒定的16小时光照长度。相对大气湿度是60-80％。播种后35天目测评分所得结果显示通过向结合载体物质的草铵磷添加表面活性剂能增强除草剂的效力，参见表8。
表8  对有害植物和有益植物的活性(％)
用根据制剂实施例编号的除草剂的处理  GALAP  AMARE  CHEAL  LOLMU
         40(无表面活性剂)   80   10   15   25
         28(有表面活性剂)   98   60   98   60
         29(有表面活性剂)   90   60   90   40
B.6防腐剂对结合聚合物载体物质的草铵磷效力的影响
在温室中，将有害植物ABUTH和BRSNW的种子播种到含腐植质的壤土中，在上面覆盖0.5cm的同样土壤层，然后浇水。播种一天后，将根据实施例40、54和60制备的除草剂草铵磷制剂以750g活性化合物/公顷(换算后的)的施用量撒施到土壤上。在实验的整个期间，白天温度保持22-24℃，夜间温度保持16-18℃，用钠蒸气灯(大约7000勒克斯)进行附加照明实现恒定的16小时光照长度。相对大气湿度是60-80％。播种后35天目测评分所得结果显示通过向结合载体物质的草铵磷添加防腐剂能增强除草剂的效力，参见表9。
表9  对有害植物和有益植物的活性(％)
  用根据制剂实施例编号的除草剂的处理 ABUTH  BRSNW
             40(无防腐剂)   30   0
             54(有防腐剂)   55   10
             60(有防腐剂)   55   70

Claims (13)

1.一种除草组合物，含有效量的一种或多种苗后除草剂和一定量的载体物质，所述载体物质选自漂白土、气凝胶、高分子量聚乙二醇和基于丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其共聚物的聚合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的除草组合物，含有：
a)0.15-48％重量的一种或多种除草剂，
b)2-90％重量的载体物质，和
c)0-97％重量的溶剂。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的除草组合物，其中的除草剂选自具叶面作用的除草剂。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的除草组合物，其中的除草剂选自双丙氨酰膦、敌草快、草铵膦、草甘膦和百草枯。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的除草组合物，其中的除草剂是草铵膦。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的除草组合物，其中的载体物质选自气凝胶，高分子量聚乙二醇和基于丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其共聚物的聚合物。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的除草组合物，其中还含有至少一种选自苗前除草剂、植物生长调节剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、安全剂、营养物、包衣剂和肥料的物质。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的除草组合物，其中还含有至少一种选自表面活性剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、助剂、铵盐、防腐剂、着色剂、消泡剂、粘着剂、溶剂、缓冲体系和UV稳定剂的添加剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的除草组合物，其中的添加剂选自GenapolLRO、硫酸铵和硝酸铵。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的除草组合物在防治不需要的有害植物上的用途，包通过苗前方法施用所述组合物。
11.如权利要求10的所述除草组合物的用途，其中将组合物用于对组合物所含除草活性化合物有耐受性的有用作物。
12.如权利要求11所述除草组合物的用途，其中将组合物用于经遗传修饰的有用作物。
13.一种防治不需要的有害植物的方法，其中通过苗前方法使用如权利要求1-9任一项所述的除草组合物形式的苗后除草剂。
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US10375959B2 (en) 2015-01-22 2019-08-13 BASF Agro B.V. Ternary herbicidal combination comprising saflufenacil
US10813356B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2020-10-27 BASF Agro B.V. Herbicidal composition comprising cinmethylin and dimethenamid
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US11219215B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2022-01-11 BASF Agro B.V. Herbicidal composition comprising cinmethylin and specific inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase
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