CN1341157A - 在由钢组成的构件上产生耐磨表面的方法以及带有至少一个这种构件的机器 - Google Patents

在由钢组成的构件上产生耐磨表面的方法以及带有至少一个这种构件的机器 Download PDF

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CN1341157A
CN1341157A CN00804260A CN00804260A CN1341157A CN 1341157 A CN1341157 A CN 1341157A CN 00804260 A CN00804260 A CN 00804260A CN 00804260 A CN00804260 A CN 00804260A CN 1341157 A CN1341157 A CN 1341157A
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莱赫·莫丘尔斯基
埃林·B·安德森
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Abstract

根据本发明,由钢组成的构件配备一具有比钢硬的中间层和更硬的外层的保护层(6),保护层用将由铝青铜组成的覆盖层(8,9)连续地熔化在基体材料(7)上获得。

Description

在由钢组成的构件上产生耐磨表面的方法 以及带有至少一个这种构件的机器
本发明按第一种发明构想涉及一种用来在由钢组成的构件上产生耐磨表面的方法，和按另一个发明构想涉及一种带有至少一个由钢组成的，至少局部配备耐磨表面的构件的机器。
众所周知，由钢组成的构件表面淬硬，以形成一坚硬的表面。但是这需要费用高的且要求许多经验的热处理。此外这时所能达到的硬度常常不够。另一个缺点是，在表面淬硬时只能达到比较小的淬硬深度，而且存在很大的开裂危险。因此只能达到比较小的耐用度。
因此由此出发本发明的目的是，用简单和成本低廉的措施这样地改进上述类型的方法和机器，使得不仅保证耐磨区大的硬度和厚度，而且也保证可靠的保持性以及方便的可制造性。
在关于这一类型的方法方面这个目的通过这样的方法来实现，使得在由钢组成的基体材料上先后熔化上许多相互覆盖的铝青铜层，以形成一比钢硬的中间层和更硬的外层，在有关这种类型的机器方面通过这样的方法来解决，即设置一保护层以形成耐磨表面，保护层由许多尤其是两层相互覆盖的，熔化在由钢组成的基体材料上的铝青铜层组成。
尤其是通过焊接方法熔化上去的铝青铜令人惊讶地证实，在外层比在内层硬。在用两层相互堆焊上去的层进行的试验中在内层达到300-400HV的硬度，在外层达到与此相比高得多的500-600HV的硬度。因此有利地自动得到比较硬的外层和与此相比较软，但是与钢相比总是更硬的，覆盖在由钢组成的、具有100-200HV硬度的基体层上的中间层。由此确保，基体材料和耐磨外层之间的硬度差不是在一级，而是许多级中形成。这以有利的方式保证作用在表面上的平行于表面的剪切力和垂直于表面的横向力良好地传递到基体材料上，由此有利地达到高的防开裂性，使得完全可以起到由外层的高硬度保证的、长的使用寿命的作用。因此按本发明的措施有利地保证高的总体经济性。
总的措施的优良结构方案和适宜的改进在从属权利要求中给定。如果基体材料在熔化上铝青铜层之前尤其是在炉子中预热的话，证明是特别合适的。通过预热可以提高下层和上层的硬度值。因此得到一种方便的使所希望的硬度等级与个别情况单独地匹配的可能性。
实际证明350℃的预热温度是特别值得优先选择的。这时可以达到最佳硬度值，而不改变基体材料的组织。
使可以达到的硬度等级与个别情况相互匹配的另一种可能性有利地在于所采用的铝青铜的化学成份配方，如果想要达到特别高的硬度，可以适宜的采用具有13％-16％铝，4％-5％铁，0.2％-0.8％硅，1％-2％锰，最多0.20％碳，其余为铜的铝青铜。通过采用具有8％-11％铝，4％-6％镍，3％-5％铁，1％-2％锰和其余为铜的铝青铜可以达到较小的硬度。用这种方法可以使外层和/或底层的硬度与个别的需求相匹配。
在大多数情况下，如果全部构成保护层的层由同一种铝青铜组成的话，证明是合适的。这使制造方便，并得到相互衔接的层之间的特别和谐的结合。
另一个有利的措施可以是；在外面的、由铝青铜组成的耐磨层上涂上一层迅速磨损的层，例如由二硫化钼组成的层，以达到良好的跑合性能，这种在跑合阶段内自动消失的跑合层确保，通过外面的、由铝青铜组成的层构成的坚硬承载层只有在一定的跑合时间以后才外露出来并开始起作用，这对达到长的使用寿命起有利的作用。
总体措施的其他优良结构和合适的改进方案在其余的从属 中给定，并可以由借助于附图的对实施例的以下说明中看出。
在以下叙述的附图中表示
图1一两冲程大型柴油机的十字头导轨的局部视图，和
图2按图1的装置配备保护层的局部放大图。
本发明可以用在由钢组成的构件其表面上需要具有超过硬度为100-200HV的钢的硬度的保护层的所有场合。例如在具有不同的、要求高的滑动面的发动机构件，如活塞坏，十字头导轨等等时就是这种情况。用比基体材料硬的保护层应该减小磨损速度，从而提高使用寿命。因此力求达到受力表面层可能高的硬度以及与基体材料尽可能好的结合。
作为图1基础的两冲程大型柴油机机座的局部包含两个在一十字头1两侧的机架侧壁2。十字头1具有侧面滑块3，它们在其末端上设有具有相互背对背的支承面的导轨板4。它们在设在机座一侧的，具有相互面对面的滑动面的导轨5上运动。
导轨板4和导轨5由作为基体材料的普通钢组成，并在其相互面对面的滑动面区域内设有保护层6。它具有比钢高的硬度，因此保证长的使用寿命。当然这种保护层也可设置在其他类似的承载钢构件，如轴承套，活塞环等等上。
保护层6由铝青铜组成，并由图2可最清楚地看出，它由两层在由钢组成的基体材料7上先后合适地通过焊接熔化在上面的、相互覆盖的层8，9制成。钢的硬度通常为100-200HV。铝青铜的硬度通常大致为200HV。最先熔化在由钢组成的基体材料7上的下层8令人惊讶地已经具有约300-400HV的硬度。在第二层外层9内令人惊讶地得到更加高得多的约500-600HV的硬度。因此外层9特别好地适合于作为耐磨的承载层，它即使在恶劣的运行条件下也保证长的使用寿命。
如果非常硬的承载层只有在经过一定的跑合阶层以后才起作用，常常可能是合适的。在这种情况下在外层9上涂上一层由一种磨损比较快的材料，例如二硫化钼组成的跑合层10，它在跑合阶层内自动消失，使得接着外部的、由铝青铜组成的、具有高硬度的层9起作用，如图2的右部所示。
下面的具有较低硬度的层8实际上用作非常硬的外层9和与之相比比较软的基体，材料7之间的中等硬度结合层。由此得到外层9和基体材料7之间硬度的阶梯形匹配。同时由于其较低的硬度内层8具有较高的韧性和冲击强度，因此可以很好地承受由箭头11，12表示的、平行于表面的剪切力和垂直于表面的横向力并传递到基体材料7上。在所示例子中先后焊接在上面的层8，9的厚度相同。该厚度可以是约1.5mm。当然层8，9可以有其他厚度或相互间有不同的厚度。同样也可以设想，先后堆焊两层以上，尽管以所示例子为基础的具有两层先后堆焊的层8，9的结构证明是特别值得优先选用的。
在制造层8，9时适宜于采用这样的铝青铜，它含有8％-25％铝，至少各0.2％-10％的成份锑，钴，铍，铬，锡，锰，硅，镉，锌，铁，镍，铅和碳，其余为铜。如果一个和/或另一个层8，9希望有特别高的硬度值，那么可以采用这样的铝青铜，它含有13％-16％铝，4％-5％铁，0.2％-0.8％硅，1％-2％锰，最多0.2％碳，其余为铜。如果一个和/或另一个层8，9希望有略为低一些的硬度，那么可以采用具有8％-11铝，4％-6％镍，3％-5％铁，1％-2％锰和其余为铜的铝青铜。根据具体情况的不同一种或另一种铝青铜可以用于一个或另一个层8，9。但是通常对于两个层8，9适宜于采用同样的铝青铜。
如上所述，层8，9可以通过焊接过程涂覆。这里可以采用电弧或激光束或火焰。
为了提高可以达到的硬度基体工件在每次涂覆铝层之前，也就是说基体材料7在涂覆底层8之前和这样涂覆过的中间产品在涂覆第二层9之前，进行预热。预热适宜于在一炉子中进行，在那里约350℃的预热温度是最适宜的。

Claims (12)

1.在由钢组成的构件上产生耐磨表面的方法，其特征为：在由钢组成的基体材料(7)上先后熔化多层相互覆盖的由铝青铜组成的层(8，9)，以形成具有比钢硬的中间层和更硬的外层的保护层(6)。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其特征为：熔化两层铝青铜层(8，9)。
3.按上述权利要求之任一项的方法，其特征为：堆焊构成保护层(6)的层(8，9)。
4.按上述权利要求之任一项的方法，其特征为：在涂覆保护层(6)的每一层(8或9)之前各基体材料最好在炉子中预热。
5.按权利要求4的方法，其特征为：预热到约350℃。
6.按上述权利要求之任一项的方法，其特征为：构成保护层(6)的层(8，9)具有相同的化学成份。
7.按上述权利要求之任一项的方法，其特征为：构成保护层(6)的层(8，9)由具有8％-25％铝，各0.2％-10％的成分锑，钴，铍，铬，锡，锰，硅，镉，锌，铁，镍，铅和碳中的至少一种和其余为铜的铝青铜组成。
8.按权利要求7的方法，其特征为：保护层(6)的至少一层(8，9)由具有13％-16％铝，4％-5％铁，0.2％-0.8％硅，1％-2％锰，少于0.2％碳和其余为铜的铝青铜组成。
9.按权利要求6或7的方法，其特征为：保护层(6)的至少一层(8，9)由具有8％-11％铝，4％-6％镍，3％-5％铁，1％-2％锰和其余为铜的铝青铜组成。
10.具有至少一个由钢组成的，至少局部设有耐磨表面的构件的机器，其特征为：为了形成耐磨表面设置一保护层(6)，它由许多，尤其是两层，相互覆盖地堆焊在由钢组成的基体材料(7)上的铝青铜层(8，9)组成。
11.按权利要求10的机器，其特征为：靠近基体材料的层(8)的硬度为300-400HV，表面一侧的层(9)的硬度为500-600HV。
12.按权利要求10或11的机器，其特征为：在新的状态下在外部的，由铝青铜组成的层(9)上涂覆一层由很快磨损的材料组成的跑合层(10)。
CNB008042608A 1999-02-25 2000-02-11 在由钢组成的构件上产生耐磨表面的方法以及带有至少一个这种构件的机器 Expired - Fee Related CN1152975C (zh)

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CN103556097A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2014-02-05 苏舍美特科公司 无锌喷涂粉末、含铜热喷涂层以及含铜热喷涂层的制备方法
CN105473760A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2016-04-06 三菱综合材料株式会社 保护膜形成用溅射靶及层叠配线膜
US9543128B2 (en) 2013-02-14 2017-01-10 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Sputtering target for forming protective film and laminated wiring film
CN109296643A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-02-01 上海交通大学 一种应用于滑动轴承的双层金属复合材料及其制备方法
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CN103556097A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2014-02-05 苏舍美特科公司 无锌喷涂粉末、含铜热喷涂层以及含铜热喷涂层的制备方法
US9885382B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-02-06 Oerlikon Metco Ag, Wohlen Zinc-free spray powder, copper-containing thermal spray layer, as well as method of manufacturing a copper-containing thermal spray layer
US9543128B2 (en) 2013-02-14 2017-01-10 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Sputtering target for forming protective film and laminated wiring film
CN103194640A (zh) * 2013-04-07 2013-07-10 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 铝青铜及其制备方法
CN103194640B (zh) * 2013-04-07 2015-08-26 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 铝青铜及其制备方法
CN105473760A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2016-04-06 三菱综合材料株式会社 保护膜形成用溅射靶及层叠配线膜
CN105473760B (zh) * 2013-11-06 2017-09-01 三菱综合材料株式会社 保护膜形成用溅射靶及层叠配线膜
US10443113B2 (en) 2013-11-06 2019-10-15 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Sputtering target for forming protective film and multilayer wiring film
CN109296643A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-02-01 上海交通大学 一种应用于滑动轴承的双层金属复合材料及其制备方法
CN109296643B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2020-07-14 上海交通大学 一种应用于滑动轴承的双层金属复合材料及其制备方法
CN113046739A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2021-06-29 山东省科学院激光研究所 一种耐磨机床导轨板制备方法

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KR100440426B1 (ko) 2004-07-14
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RU2239000C2 (ru) 2004-10-27
PL349466A1 (en) 2002-07-29
WO2000050660A1 (de) 2000-08-31
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NO20013876D0 (no) 2001-08-08
DE50000452D1 (de) 2002-10-10
NO332021B1 (no) 2012-05-29
EP1157142A1 (de) 2001-11-28
EP1157142B1 (de) 2002-09-04
KR20010113710A (ko) 2001-12-28
JP3859970B2 (ja) 2006-12-20
CN1152975C (zh) 2004-06-09
DE19908107C2 (de) 2003-04-10
AU3280100A (en) 2000-09-14
JP2002538016A (ja) 2002-11-12
DE19908107A1 (de) 2000-08-31
ATE223512T1 (de) 2002-09-15

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