CN1339664A - 以发光二极管的发光为基础的发光设备 - Google Patents

以发光二极管的发光为基础的发光设备 Download PDF

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CN1339664A
CN1339664A CN01135741A CN01135741A CN1339664A CN 1339664 A CN1339664 A CN 1339664A CN 01135741 A CN01135741 A CN 01135741A CN 01135741 A CN01135741 A CN 01135741A CN 1339664 A CN1339664 A CN 1339664A
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C·巴莱斯特里罗
M·O·弗莱西耶
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种发光设备,它包括:外壳(1),外壳限定一个内部空间,内部空间中包含由LED(2)构成的光源;和光学装置(4),用于把LED(2)发射的光导引至外壳之外。LED(2)安装在连接到外壳(1)的支架(3)上,光学装置(4)固定在连接到外壳(1)的紧固件(10)与LED(2)的支架(3)之间。由此实现的安装包括光学装置(4)放置在LED(2)的支架(3)上和使用连接到外壳(1)的紧固件(10)使其固定。这种安装的优点是不需要精确操作LED(2),因为LED(2)已预先安装在它的支架(3)上,因此安装很快并且容易实现自动化安装。

Description

以发光二极管的发光为基础的发光设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发光设备，它包括：外壳，外壳限定一个内部空间，内部空间中包含至少一个用发光二极管(LED)构成的光源；和光学装置，用于把LED发射的光导引至外壳之外。
背景技术
这种发光设备可从文献WO98/33007中得知。这种用于街道照明的发光设备利用LED发射的光：所用的光导引装置一方面保证LED产生的发光强度聚集成光束，另一方面保证光束的规定方向。
LED的发射特性具有特定的形状。按物理光学原理工作的光学装置具有的几何形状使得可以获得最佳性能，如果光学装置相对于LED的发射(光)特性占据准确不变的位置的话。由于发光设备首先要运输，然后要安装，因此，如果发光设备要保持厂商要求的性能，必须保证光学装置相对于LED的稳固安装。
在文献WO98/33007中，LED固定在光学装置内，后者固定到外壳上。要获得该结构，必须准确操作LED。但是，LED对机械操作极其敏感：它们的工作寿命和发光性能与操作的仔细程度密切相关，特别是它们安装于开头段落中所述的发光设备内时更是如此。除此之外，不能将主要的力加到LED的易碎的顶上。因此，应该避免如文献WO98/33007中提出的那样的精确安装操作。此外，这种安装很费时而且自动化操作所需费用很高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在很大程度上解决发光设备内光学装置相对于LED的安装问题。
按本发明，为了实现上述目的，开头段落中所述的发光设备的特征是：LED安装在连接到外壳上的支架上，光学装置固定在连接到外壳的紧固件和LED支架之间。
由此实现的安装包括光学装置放置在LED的支架上和使用连接到外壳的紧固件使其固定。这种安装的优点是不需要精确操作LED，因为LED已预先安装在它的支架上，因此安装很快并且容易实现自动化安装。
在本发明的一个实施例中，光学装置用弹性固位(retention)装置弹性地固定在连接到外壳的紧固(retaining)件与LED支架之间。所述的弹性固位装置和连接到外壳的紧固件配合给光学装置施加压力。结果，光学装置对LED支架施加压力。因此消除了连接到外壳的紧固件和光学装置之间以及光学装置和LED支架之间可能存在的任何机械移动，这防止了光学装置与LED支架之间的相对移动。光学装置的形状和LED支架的形状最好适于：在压力作用下，光学装置与LED支架的接触能用于确保准确不变的位置，使组件有最佳性能。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，光学装置的弹性固位装置是以弹性材料块的形式构成的，弹性材料块放置在连接到外壳的紧固件和光学装置之间受到挤压的位置中。所述弹性材料实际上是多种发泡材料中的任何一种。这种解决方案的优点是实施简单，并且通过选择所用弹性材料的特性可控制光学装置施加给LED支架的压力。
在本发明的一个有益实施例中，在光学装置和连接到外壳的紧固件之间放置粘接系数低的材料。该材料实现了光学装置与光学装置的紧固件或弹性固位装置之间的接触。这种低粘接系数的材料可以是聚乙烯，其作用是有助于光学装置与连接到外壳的紧固件或弹性固位装置之间在接触平面上的相对平移。连接到外壳的紧固件或弹性固位装置相对于其上固定有LCD支架的外壳的平移实际上是光学装置随着它们移动，在这种情况下，光学装置相对于LED的发射特性从其最佳性能的位置偏移。造成物体之间在接触平面上偏移的所述平移可能是由不同材料之间的热膨胀不同引起的外部机械应力造成的。在存在由不同材料制成的所述物体并且温度明显变化的情况下，热膨胀差异是造成有些物体之间的相对移动的根源，这种移动不能忽略不计。
在本发明的一个有益实施例中，用粘接装置把连接到外壳的紧固件连接到外壳。这种解决方案避免了使用螺钉。在发光设备领域中螺钉是常用的，但是不同的材料连接在一起时，由于材料的热膨胀不同会出现相关的问题，如开头段落中所述的发光设备通常就会出现这种情况。另一优点是，用粘接装置比用螺钉使得发光设备更加小型化，其原因是，粘接装置需要一定的表面积但基本上不占据材料的体积。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中，用粘接带构成粘接装置。
在本发明的一个特别有益的实施例中，连接到外壳的紧固件是透光板。当透光板放在光学装置上面时，该配置是优选的，因为在这种情况下它有两种功能：它保护通常是易碎的光学装置，并且它能使所述光学装置保持就位。
附图说明
通过参见附图以举例的方式对多个实施例的以下说明，将会更好地理解本发明，附图中：
图1是按本发明的发光设备的一个实例的横截面图；
图2是实现本发明的发光设备的另一个实例的分解透视图；
图3是图2所示发光设备的改进例的俯视图；
图4是图2和3所示类型的本发明具体实施中用的机械运动调节件的透视图。
优选实施例说明
图1示出了本发明优选实施例的发光设备的一部分。该图展示的只是一个实施例。
该发光设备包括外壳1，外壳1中包含由发光二极管(LED)2构成的光源，光源安装在固定到外壳1的支架3上。LED的支架3可以是例如印刷电路板，并且可以例如用粘接装置固定支架3。用粘接装置如粘接带的优点是它参与有效的散热。粘接装置实际上有好的导热性，并能允许支架3和外壳1之间有最大的接触表面积。在这里所述的实施例中，支架3是平的，但这不排除支架3有其它的几何形状。
这里的光学装置包括例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的透光和耐热的固体材料形成的准直仪(平行光管)4。这里的光学装置用“整体的”准直仪4构成，但也可以用例如圆锥形凹面反射镜构成。准直仪4有以旋转的抛物体或圆锥体为基础的对称的侧表面5、平的前表面6和与前表面6相对的底表面7。这里，底表面7是平的，但该特征并不排除还有其它几何形状。准直仪4的侧表面5使LED2发射的光聚集成一个光束。这里获得的光束是平行光线组成的定向光束。前表面6使该光束离开准直仪4，所述光束垂直于前表面6限定的平面。包括LED 2和准直仪4的系统的发射特性具有最大发射方向，在本例中最大发射方向垂直于准直仪4的前表面6限定的平面。
此外，准直仪4还包括设在其底表面7中的用于内装LED2的空腔8。准直仪4放在LED2上面。由于LED对加于它的顶9上的压力敏感，因此使LED2和准直仪4之间可能产生的接触最小，即，使空腔8内的尺寸过大，并使准直仪4的底表面7位于安装LED2的支架3上。
通过使准直仪4相对于LED2的发射特性情确定位，能得到准直仪4的最佳发光性能，即能控制光束结构和光束的功率。准直仪4的底表面7相对于LED2的移动引起的横移大于LED的直径的4％以上，会导致效率下降10％以上。因此，准直仪4的底表面7和空腔8的尺寸误差可以这样计算：使准直仪4相对于LED的横移保持足够小，以确证准直仪4的输出的良好发光特性。这些尺寸还应考虑到必须不给LED2加主要的横向应力。
准直仪4放在LED2的支架3上，使其可以用连接到外壳1的紧固件保证它的最初定位。本例中的该紧固件是透光板10：透光板10放在准直仪4上并按压弹性材料块11。用双面粘接带12把透光板10连接到外壳1。作为易碎的光学仪器的准直仪4由此得到透光板10保护，防止出现会损坏或降低它的光学性能的负面影响。而且，用例如粘接带12的粘接装置还有帮助发光设备密封的优点。假如实际上外壳1和透光板10是用不同材料制成的并且因此它们的热膨胀不同，那么用如粘接带12的粘接装置并且适当地选择其耐剪切性能，还能解决允许外壳1和透光板10相对移动的问题。
本例中，弹性材料块11放在准直仪4的前表面6上。可按使准直仪4保持就位所加的压力强度，从有不同密度和不同形状的多种发泡材料中选取合适的弹性材料。在本实施例中，弹性材料块11例如用单面粘接的密度为225kg/m3、6mm厚、3mm宽的乙烯基发泡材料制成。本发明的众多改进可能涉及光学装置的弹性固位以及弹性固位装置相对于发光设备的其它零部件的定位：例如，可用弹簧；并且弹性固位装置放置在LED支架和外壳本身的表面形成部分之间，而表面形成部分构成连接到外壳的紧固件，这是按本发明的另一种可能的方案。
这里，准直仪4的结构使得当它与LED2的支架3的接触面为平面时能取得最佳的效率。围绕垂直于包括LED2和准直仪4的系统的发射特性的最大发射方向的一系列轴的旋转，会引起准直仪4与LED2的支架3之间的平面接触的破坏。在这里所述的情况下，准直仪4绕这些轴中的一个轴的旋转在3°以上将导致最大强度减小10％。只有在各元件如LED支架3、准直仪4和透光板4之间，有在靠近包括LED2和准直仪4的系统的最大发射方向的方向上的移动时，才可能出现这些旋转。弹性材料11，即，弹性固位装置对准直仪4施压，由此迫使准直仪4与LED支架3进行平面接触。用该方式准直仪的弹性固位装置能防止所述移动，从而防止出现所述的旋转。
弹性材料块11构成的弹性固位装置与准直仪4构成的光学装置之间插入低粘接系数的材料聚乙烯条13，允许不同材料制成的各种元件之间的热膨胀不同引起的平移。特别是，如果没有所述的低粘接系数材料，弹性材料块11加到准直仪4上的压力会阻止所述的平移，并且由此可能产生准直仪随连接到外壳的透光板10一起移位。低粘接系数材料即聚乙烯条13的存在，可使弹性材料11的平移与准直仪分离，由此避免准直仪相对于LED2的支架3的移动。
最好用导热材料，如阳极化铝制成外壳，并且它的外表面有波纹形表面14。LED2在工作中发热。如果LED的最佳性能主要是要获得光通量，那么，必须控制温度：必须除去LED2产生的热。构成外壳用的导热材料可使热散到外部，波纹形表面可提高热辐射效率。
图2是本发明的发光设备的实施例，其中包括多个LED，LED的光学装置根据本发明来固定。增加LED的数量会使发光设备的长度增大，结果，不同材料之间的热膨胀不同造成的移动更大。本发明发现了在这种情况下的特别有趣的应用。
载有多个LED22的支架21固定在外壳20中。准直仪23对准每个LED22并放在每个LED22的支架21上。在本发明的一个特别实施例中，几个准直仪23交替设在放在支架21上的单个元件中，使每个准直仪在一个LED22上对中。透光板24放在一组准直仪23的顶上，按压两个弹性材料条25a和25b。用两条双面粘接带26a和26b把透光板24连接到外壳20。准直仪23和弹性材料条25a及25b之间插入两个聚乙烯条，即低粘接系数材料条27a和27b，由此允许由不同材料制成的各种元件如透光板24和外壳20之间有因热膨胀不同引起的平移。
在本例中，使用由LED及其光学装置构成的几个组件，这要求由LED及其光学装置构成的这些组件的光强输出均匀。各单个组件之间不同的光强输出会有损美观和/或总的性能效率。光学装置固定在相对于LED的发射特性最佳的位置，对维护由LED及其光学装置构成的每个组件的光输出的均匀性特别重要。通过维护光学装置相对于每个LED的发射特性的最佳的各个位置，本发明提供了在多个LED发光的基础上形成各种形状的均匀照明装置的方法。
在本例中，准直仪23具有矩形的、加宽的前表面28，其宽度超过了光束的实际输出表面。该加宽的前表面28用作放在前表面28的边缘28a和28b上的两个弹性材料条25a和25b的支承表面，以便它们不会降低光通量。
由于前表面28是矩形，准直仪不是旋转对称的。为了美观起见，希望防止绕垂直于由准直仪23前表面28限定的平面的轴旋转。如果为了提供也不旋转对称的输出光束光学装置不是旋转对称的，这种旋转就更不受欢迎：因为所述旋转相应地影响发光设备的光度测量性能。用设在外壳20上的台肩29a和29b限制该旋转。不过，在图2所示实施例中，很难控制外壳20中准直仪23与台肩29a和29b之间的移动，从制造该外壳的工业方法角度讲，外壳用铝挤压制成。因此所述旋转也只能是大致上得到限制。
图3是图2所示发光设备的改进实施例的一部分的底视图，与图2中相同的元件用相同的参考数字指示。改进包括限制了准直仪23相对于垂直于由准直仪23的前表面28限定的平面的轴的旋转程度。为此，在准直仪23的各个前表面28之间插入刚性件30。这些刚性件30的尺寸是这样计算的：使所述刚性件30与准直仪23之间有一个间隙。所述刚性件30的存在使得在准直仪23的组件不做成刚性的情况下，也可以限制准直仪23的旋转程度，使后者维持各自的独立性，不对LED22产生应力。本例中，这些刚性件30最好采用平行六面体形状，它可以填充两个准直仪23的两个前表面28之间的空间，但该形状并不是唯一的，它可按多种方式变化以适应发光装置的几何形状和/或光学装置的几何形状。所述刚性件30可与本发明结合使用或者单独使用。
每个刚性件30上最好有两个凸台31a和31b，用于邻接弹性材料条25a和25b以及聚乙烯条26a和26b，如图2所示。这可防止这些元件覆盖准直仪23的前表面28中光束穿过而向外发射的部分。在另一实施例中，所述凸台31a和31b设在准直仪23的前表面28上。
图4展示出刚性件30的实施例的一个具体例子。所述平行六面体形状的刚性件30插在准直仪23的各个前表面28之间，这里，刚性件30成组地连在一起，例如，每次用连接件32按两个接两个的方式构成单个的移动调节件33，连接件32和两个平行六面体形状的刚性件30构成一个整体。例如，可用任何一种刚性材料经模压和/或注模制成所述移动调节件33。模压和注模法很容易制成凸台31，因此特别适用。
移动调节件33的这个例子的具体形状使其可以限制在单独的刚性件30的情况下可能出现的刚性件30在准直仪23之间的移动。

Claims (7)

1、一种发光设备，包括：外壳，外壳限定一个内部空间，内部空间中包含发光二极管(LED)构成的至少一个光源；和光学装置，用于把LED发射的光引导到外壳之外，其特征是：LED安装在一个连接到外壳的支架上，并且光学装置固定在连接到外壳的紧固件与LED支架之间。
2、按权利要求1的发光设备，其特征是：光学装置用弹性固位装置弹性地固定在连接到外壳的紧固件与LED支架之间。
3、按权利要求2的发光设备，其特征是：光学装置的弹性固位装置是以弹性材料块的形式构成的，弹性材料块放置在这样的位置中：它在连接到外壳的紧固件与光学装置之间受到挤压。
4、按权利要求1至3的发光设备，其特征是：光学装置与连接到外壳的紧固件之间放置有低粘接系数的材料。
5、按权利要求1至4的发光设备，其特征是：用粘接装置把紧固件连接到外壳。
6、按权利要求5的发光装置，其特征是：粘接装置用粘接带构成。
7、按权利要求1至6的发光装置，其特征是：连接到外壳的紧固件是一个透光板。
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US20020044456A1 (en) 2002-04-18
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US6561690B2 (en) 2003-05-13

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