CN1328341C - 用于流化床薄层涂布的聚酰胺流化床涂布粉末 - Google Patents
用于流化床薄层涂布的聚酰胺流化床涂布粉末 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
描述一种按流化床涂布以聚酰胺粉末对管材进行无铬酸盐涂布的方法。
Description
技术领域
基于尼龙-11和尼龙-12并专门为流化床涂布方法开发的聚酰胺粉末通常具有介于95~120μm的按照DIN EN ISO 4610的中值颗粒直径d50。
背景技术
它们通常具有400~600g/L按照DIN 53 466的堆积密度。
该粉末是以由对应粒状聚酰胺制成的沉淀法或研磨法粉末形式供应的。研磨法粉末是在磨中通过研磨制备的;而沉淀法粉末则是通过粒状材料溶解在溶剂中并进行沉淀而制成的,正如DE 29 06 647 B1中的那样。后一种方法生产的聚酰胺粉末具有圆颗粒形状,此乃沉淀法加工使然。不同于沉淀法粉末,研磨法粉末具有带锐边的颗粒。
沉淀法尼龙-12粉末的例子是VESTOSINT1101、1111、1121、1141和1161(Degussa公司);而适用于流化床涂布的研磨法尼龙-11粉末的例子是Rilsan7050白、T7280灰和PT7050白(Atofina)。
在流化床涂布方法中,热金属零件浸没在装有流态化的聚合物粉末的贮漆盘中。粉末在其中烧结到热金属表面上并附聚而成均一涂层。实现这一点的先决条件是金属表面具有高于聚合物粉末熔点的温度。
在典型情况下,流化床涂布方法中的聚酰胺涂层具有介于200~500μm的层厚,或者在特殊情况下甚至高达约1000μm。比大约200μm更薄的层,要采用传统流化床涂布粉末按流化床涂布方法生产则是不可能的或是非常困难的。
在涂布技术领域,经验使人们公认,当采用在市场上通常遇到的聚酰胺流化床涂布粉末时,一种光滑内聚性漆膜的厚度必须至少是粉末d50的2倍。鉴于市售供应的流化床涂布粉末的d50数值介于95~120微米,故所形成的涂层下限为约200μm。
在下限膜厚上遇到的困难是浸没时间和物体温度造成的:
一方面,热物体仅能短暂浸没才能在表面不造成层厚的过度生长,但另一方面,粉末需要在浴中停留某一最短浸没时间,才能使特定物体的所有边和角都被覆盖,以便消除未涂布的缺陷区域。
因而在50~200μm的薄涂层情况下,常常需要采用非流化床涂布的方法,例如,采用ES喷涂、高温喷涂、摩擦静电喷涂和微型涂布(minicoating)。
微型涂布是非常类似于流化床涂布的方法。这里,热金属零件沉入到聚酰胺粉末床层中,但是该床层不转变为流态化状态。只要有足够能量熔融聚合物,金属零件就能粘附起所有粉末。起初形成粗涂层,因为该零部件尚不具备足以使略微烧结的粉末附聚生成均一层的热量。如果要求光滑均一表面,则可通过在烘炉内实施后加热或者以热源辐照来达到。
该方法一直专门用于轻小金属零件,例如,胸针(corsetryclips)。典型微型涂布粉末的例子是VESTOSINT1164、1174和2157(Degussa)和Rilsan1452 MAC(Atofina)。这些粉末的中值粒度median grain size d50一般介于20~70μm。
微型涂布粉末的堆积密度大多略低于流化床涂布粉末。它一般高于300~350g/L。
典型微型涂布粉末的流化性能比专门的流化床涂布粉末差得多,因为它们的堆积密度较低和它们的颗粒较细。市售供应的细粉末和微型涂布粉末在典型流化床涂布方法中的用途有限。
然而,最近对旨在利用流化床涂布方法获得50~200μm范围薄层用的聚酰胺粉末的需求有所增长。
此种类型用途的例子是汽车工业中用于防腐的金属管材的无铬涂层,例如US 6,276,400 B1中描述的。用于如US 6,276,400 B1中的连续管材涂布,传统微型涂布方法不适合。该方法要求一种流化床涂布贮漆盘,通过它管材被连续拉出。在这样的方法中,管材被局部加热到超过聚合物熔点的温度,优选通过感应加热。
此种类型汽车工业用管的涂布对层厚和涂层均一性都有严格要求。一方面,层厚应尽可能小以减轻重量,而另一方面,该聚酰胺层作为一种对安全至关重要的零件(刹车管、燃料管)的防腐保护层,势必要求绝对没有缺陷或机械性能上的波动。
发明内容
因此,一个目的是开发一种聚酰胺流化床涂布粉末,用于薄层流化床涂布和能够生产非常均一的薄涂层。
令人惊奇的是,现已发现,采用本发明聚酰胺粉末按传统流化床涂布方法能产生50~200μm非常均一的层厚。
不同于市售供应的聚酰胺流化床涂布粉末,本发明聚酰胺粉末具有细颗粒,其粒度近似于微型涂布粉末的。本发明粉末的中值颗粒直径d50介于20~90μm。粒度上限是125μm。此种比较小的粒度容许生产低于200μm的薄且均一的涂层。
为使该粉末仍然具有良好流化性能,本发明粉末具有一定的特征。不同于传统微型涂布粉末和涂布工业用细粉末,本发明粉末不含极端细的颗粒,其小于5μm的含量远低于1%。
本发明粉末另一个特征是特别圆的颗粒形状,这将显著改善流化性能。
本发明粉末含有大于75%的基本上球形的颗粒,其中颗粒的所有3个空间轴线x、y和z具有相同尺寸,精确到±10%。
本发明粉末优选含大于80%的基本上球形的颗粒,其中颗粒的所有3个空间轴线x、y和z具有相同尺寸,精确到±10%。
该粒度分布按照DIN EN ISO 4610、采用激光衍射(Malvern)测定;且颗粒形状通过现代图像评估系统和扫描电子显微镜来确定。
本发明粉末优选由沉淀法粉末生产,如同DE 29 06 647 B1那样。该方法提供的原料本质上比传统研磨法粉末更圆。本发明粉末的这一特殊特征是它接受的机械后处理,其中存在的边和角按要求被磨圆,典型地在缓慢运转的磨或特定冲击设备中,避免将颗粒完全粉碎/破碎,而是去掉或磨圆边和角。
优选使用低粘度聚酰胺粉末以便粉末附聚进行得特别容易和均一。本发明粉末的相对溶液粘度(ηrel),按照EN ISO 307,介于1.30~1.65,优选1.40~1.63。
为改善薄层流化床粉末熔融时的流动行为,可加入含氨端基和/或含羧基基团的调节剂,以延缓后缩合。这些调节剂例如可以是二羧酸或二胺。视调节剂而定,氨端基基团与羧端基基团之间的优选比例为小于或等于1∶3,或大于或等于3∶1。
本发明粉末的流动性或可流化性可通过添加剂来优化。这些添加剂可以是精细分散的无机添加剂。市售供应的例子是二氧化钛、氧化铝和细颗粒二氧化硅。
本发明聚酰胺粉末尤其可用于薄层流化床涂布方法中。下面描述一种用于涂布金属管的典型系统。
本发明聚酰胺粉末可采用任何已知的流化床涂布方法施涂。下面所描述的系统特别适合按流化床涂布方法的无铬酸盐涂布。该系统自动操作并用于通过流化床涂布进行管材外涂布。它由以下部分组成:
1)管材清洁用预处理系统,因为大多数供应的管材都带有油脂;
2)底漆(增粘剂)贮漆盘,用于在钢表面与聚合物层(喷涂系统或浸涂系统)之间提供增粘剂;
3)中频感应线圈1,用于烘烤底漆以及,若采用含溶剂底漆,蒸发溶剂;
4)径向风扇,用于加快蒸发出的溶剂的消散;
5)中频感应线圈2,用于预热管材;
6)流化床涂布贮漆盘,带有一体化中频感应线圈3,用于施涂涂料。涂料的介电损耗系数太低,以致它不容易变热,而预热的钢管在通过该系统时却非常迅速加热到要求的温度。流化床涂布期间控制层厚的决定因素是预热温度和浸没时间。在管材穿系统而过的情况下,这意味着,层厚可通过发生器功率和管材的前进速度来控制。这两个因素可从控制台彼此独立地进行控制;
7)流化床涂布贮漆盘内的内部构件,由管材上方用于消除粉末积聚的空气吹洗系统和管材下面用于消除管材底侧的粉末疵点和所造成的孔隙的金属导流板组成。均一的层厚,包括径向和轴向,可以仅通过采用此种特殊内部构件才能保证;
8)中频感应线圈4,用于使未完全熔融的聚酰胺涂层变光滑;
9)熔融段,为彻底熔融且在管材从中频感应线圈4出来以后使附着的聚酰胺沉积物变光滑所需。穿过该系统期间,该层依然是热和软的,因此可容易损坏。故而,在该阶段,管材不允许放在导辊上送过;
10)用于初步冷却管材表面的空气吹洗系统。这将管材表面温度控制在低于聚酰胺的熔点;
11)水基冷却系统。管材进入水槽中,在水槽中涂层受到进一步冷却和硬化,于是此时才有可能重新在导辊上运行。
视所要求的层厚而定,采用5、6和8的感应线圈。这里,感应线圈的使用可能性是:
5和8,
5和6,
5、6和8,
6,
6和8。
管材都用中频感应加热。采用本发明方法,有可能将具有任何要求长度的管段偶联在一起成为连续管线,并采用包括使它们沿水平方向通过该系统的方法以聚合物粉末涂布它们的外部。管材外涂层层厚的均一分布介于120~180μm,优选150μm。市售供应的增粘剂(例如,VESTOSINT增粘剂WS5)首先施涂到管材表面。气干后底漆的层厚介于5~8μm。增粘剂的固体含量为约8%。
本发明方法生产的管材特别适合作为液压接管或刹车接管,例如,用于汽车工业。
附图说明
图1是一种图示说明,其中显示了通过流化床涂布进行管材的外部涂布的自动系统。
下面的例子提供对本发明粉末及其生产和应用的更详细的描述,但本发明不限于这些实施例。
具体实施方式
实例1:
本发明粉末A的制备:
采用二羧酸调节并具有40mmol/L氨端基含量和180μmol羧端基含量且ηrel等于1.55的粒状尼龙-12,按照DE 29 06 647的方法从热乙醇中进行沉淀。沉淀出的粉末的中值粒度d50等于61μm,并含有比例约70%的球形颗粒,其中此种颗粒的所有3个空间轴线x、y和z具有相同尺寸,精确到±10%。
获得的粗粉末与典型市售供应的聚酰胺细粉末诸如VESTOSINT2157大致可比。
在进一步操作中,粗粉末首先过筛以除掉大于125μm的粗颗粒,然后在冲击圆盘磨(Hybridizer,NARA)中后处理10min。获得的处理粉末随后在风力分级器中除掉极端细的颗粒。小于5μm的比例为0.1%。
获得的粉末的中值粒度d50等于52μm,并具有比例为84%的球形颗粒,其中此种颗粒的所有3个空间轴线x、y和z具有相同尺寸,精确到±10%。该粉末的堆积密度等于380g/L。该粉末以每100份聚酰胺粉末1.0份火焰法碳黑和0.05份细颗粒二氧化硅(Aerosil 200)进行处理。
涂布试验
来自实例1的本发明粉末在上面所描述的用于涂布金属管的试验系统中借助感应加热进行加工。为进行比较,又使用了多种市售供应的聚酰胺粉末(Deggussa公司)。这些是VESTOSINT 1111黑,一种市售供应的流化床涂布粉末;VESTOSINT 1174白,一种包含二氧化钛的微型涂布粉末;以及VESTOSINT 2157黑,一种所用细粉末,特别用于线圈涂布。结果载于表1。
所有管材均以VESTOSINT增粘剂WS5(Degussa)预处理,层厚约5μm。
表1
涂布试验
产品 | d50[μm] | <5%[%] | 球形颗粒比例[%] | 达到的管层厚[μm] | 最大径向层厚差[μm] | 扬灰[秒] | 溶态化[等级] |
聚酰胺粉末AVESTOSINT2157VESTOSINT1111VESTOSINT1174 | 525710040 | 0.10.50.18 | 84~70~65~70 | 120120200130 | <510<520 | <510<5>15 | 1-2315 |
本发明聚酰胺粉末在金属管上产生非常均一的涂层,涂层质量达到传统流化床涂布粉末的质量。按扬尘和流态化衡量,该粉末表现出基本可比拟好的加工性能。本发明聚酰胺粉末可达到低于200μm的要求层厚。120μm满意的层厚在试验中可重复地达到,没有疵点。
相反,采用市售供应的流化床涂布粉末能达到可比质量的层厚仅有200μm及更高。
相比之下,传统市售供应微型涂布粉末和传统市售供应细粉末表现出明显较差的流化性能,并在流化贮漆盘中产生较多扬灰。
尽管在该试验系统中可获得120~130μm内聚性的层,但它们表现出明显较大的涂层不均一性,主要归咎于流化性能较差。径向层厚差是通过断面照片的评估确定的。
Claims (6)
1.一种按薄层流化床涂布方法涂布金属表面的方法,其特征在于,
使用一种聚酰胺粉末,其中
-该粉末的中值粒度d50介于20~90μm,
-小于5微米的细颗粒含量低于1%,以及
-粉末含有至少75%的球形颗粒,其中
-此种颗粒的所有3个空间轴线x、y和z具有相同尺寸,精确到±10%,
从而设置介于50-200μm之间的均一的层厚。
2.权利要求1的方法,
其特征在于,
粉末具有至少80%的球形颗粒,其中此种颗粒的所有3个空间轴线x、y和z具有相同尺寸,精确到±10%。
3.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,
所述粉末包含选自尼龙-11和尼龙-12的聚酰胺。
4.权利要求1至3中任何一项的方法,其特征在于,
所述聚酰胺粉末具有介于1.30~1.65的ηrel。
5.权利要求1至3中任何一项的方法,其特征在于,
所述聚酰胺粉末具有介于1.40~1.63的ηrel。
6.权利要求1至3中任何一项的方法,其特征在于,
所述聚酰胺粉末经过调节并具有大于或等于3∶1或小于或等于1∶3的氨端基基团与羧端基基团之间的比例。
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DE2002133344 DE10233344A1 (de) | 2002-07-23 | 2002-07-23 | Polyamid-Wirbelsinterpulver für das Dünnschichtwirbelsintern |
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DE202004018390U1 (de) * | 2004-11-27 | 2005-02-17 | Degussa Ag | Thermoplastische Kunststoffpulverformulierung für Beschichtungen mit einem metallischen, insbesondere edelstahlähnlichen Farbeindruck |
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CN111491747A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-08-04 | 圣三一海湾设备控股有限公司 | 用于加热和复圆可卷绕管的系统和方法 |
CN111121519A (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-08 | 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司 | 金属管制造方法及采用该方法的制冷设备 |
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CA2435689A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
DE10233344A1 (de) | 2004-02-12 |
EP1384759A1 (de) | 2004-01-28 |
ES2282543T3 (es) | 2007-10-16 |
US20070166451A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
US20080286567A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
EP1384759B1 (de) | 2007-02-28 |
ATE355337T1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
TW200404872A (en) | 2004-04-01 |
AU2003220709B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
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US20050170116A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
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