CN1315064A - 印刷双螺旋双频段天线 - Google Patents

印刷双螺旋双频段天线 Download PDF

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CN1315064A
CN1315064A CN99810119A CN99810119A CN1315064A CN 1315064 A CN1315064 A CN 1315064A CN 99810119 A CN99810119 A CN 99810119A CN 99810119 A CN99810119 A CN 99810119A CN 1315064 A CN1315064 A CN 1315064A
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antenna
communication equipment
arm
frequency
spiral
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CN1153314C (zh
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Z·应
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
    • H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明通过提供一个小型的,机内的双频段天线克服在技术中发现的缺陷,该天线适合使用在未来的小型的移动终端中。按示例性实施例,提供一个机内天线,其包括两个不同长度和能调谐到不同频段的螺旋导体臂。该螺旋的臂通过一个基片安装在移动终端的印刷电路板上。天线的匹配是由一个匹配电桥完成的,该电桥放置在馈电引线和接地端间,调整该匹配电桥的长度就能改变天线的匹配状况,在另一实施例中,一个负载电阻附加到该匹配电桥的提高天线的带宽。

Description

印刷双螺旋双频段天线
背景
本发明一般涉及无线电通信系统，特别涉及能插入到一个便携式终端中的机内天线，并允许该便携式终端在不同的频段中进行通信。
在美国以及世界其他地方，蜂窝电话工业在商业运作方面已经有了显著的进展，在主要大城市地区的增长已远超期望值并很快超出系统的容量。如果这种趋势继续，这种工业增长的效果将很快到达甚至最小的市场。要求改革方案符合增加容量的需求，同时保持高质量的服务和避免价格提升。
统观全球，在改进无线电通信系统方面的一个重要步骤是将模拟传输改为数字传输，同等重要的是选择实施下一代技术-例如时分多路存取(TDMA)或码分多路存取(CDMA)的有效的数字传输方案。此外，可以深信，低价位、袖珍式的第一代个人通信网络(PCN)，方便携带的并用来在家、办公室、街道、车辆等场合发出或接收呼叫的无绳电话将由例如使用下一代数字蜂窝系统基础结构的蜂窝载体来提供。
为提供可接受的设备兼容性等级，在世界各个地区已建立起标准，例如，已经颁布了例如AMPS(先进的移动电话系统)，NMT(北欧移动电话)和ETACS这样的模拟标准，以及例如D-AMPS(例如，在EIA/TIA-IS-54-B和IS-136中指定的)和GSM(由ETSI采用的移动通信全球系统)这样的数字标准，以便标准化无线电通信系统的设计规范。一旦建立起标准，则希望按相同的或类似的方式再使用这些标准以规定另外的系统。例如，除最初的GSM系统外，还存在DCS1800(由ETSI指定)和PCS1900(由J-STD-007中JTC指定)，两者均基于GSM。
然而，目前在蜂窝通信业务方面的多数进展包括采用附加频带于手持操作移动通信之中，例如对于个人通信业务(PCS)的业务中。取U.S.作为例子，蜂窝超频带(Cellular hyperband)被分成两个频带(一般指A频带和B频带)，用于在800MHz范围中传送和控制通信。另一方面，在美国PCS超频带被指定包括在1900MHz范围中的六个不同的频带(A,B,C,D,E和F)。这样，在U.S.的任一给定的服务区为简化通信业务现在可利用八个频带。对PCS超频带(例如，PCS1900(J-STD-007))已审定了某些标准，而对蜂窝超频带(例如，D-AMPS(IS-136))已审定了另外一些标准。
每个指定用于蜂窝和PCS超频带的频带被配置多个业务信道和至少一个存取或控制信道。控制信道通过发射到移动站和从其接收的信息去控制或监视移动站的操作。这样的信息可以包括八局呼叫信号，出局呼叫信号，页面信号，页面响应信号，位置登记信号，语音信道分配，保持指令，传送，和作为一个移动站传播出一个网孔的无线电可达范围和传播入另一个网孔的无线电可达范围的网孔选择或再选择指令。控制和话音信道可以用模拟调制或数字调制进行操作。
由下行链路中的一个基站在业务和控制信道上发送的信号由移动或便携式终端接收，每个终端具有至少一个天线。历史地，便携式终端已应用过若干不同类型的天线在空气界面上接收和发送信号。例如，已发现垂直于一个导体表面的单极天线提供良好的辐射特性，合乎要求的驱动点阻抗和相对简单的结构。可以用各种物理形状来构造单极天线。例如，杆状或鞭状天线已频繁地结合便携式终端使用。对于天线长度最小化的高频应用场合，另外的选择是螺旋天线。
如上所述，商业上将期待提供能工作在不同频段的便携式终端，即工作在900MHz范围和1800Hz范围频段内的便携式终端。因此，在两个频段提供合适增益和带宽的天线将需要应用在不久将来的便携式终端中。已进行若干生产这样的双频段天线的试图。
例如，授于Phillips等的美国专利U.S.4,571,595描述了一种锯齿形导体单元的双频段天线。该双频段天线能调谐到两个靠近的但空间分开的频段之一个(例如中心在915MHz和960Hz)。但是该天线设计是相当低效率的，因为实际上它过份地靠近移动电话的机壳。
日本专利JP6-37531公开了一种包含一个内无源金属杆的螺旋。在该专利中，天线可以通过调整金属杆的位置调谐到双谐振频率。不幸的是这样设计的带宽对用在蜂窝通信中太窄。
双频段印刷单极天线是人们熟悉的，其中双谐振是通过附加一个无源带紧靠印刷单极天线来实现。虽然这种天线具有足够的带宽用于蜂窝通信，但它却要求附加无源带。瑞典的Moteco AB已设计了一种线圈匹配的双频段鞭状天线和线圈天线，其中双谐振是通过调整线圈匹配元件(900MHz的1/4λ和1800MHz的1/2λ)来实现的。该天线具有相对良好的带宽和辐射特性以及长度约为40mm。在未决的，共同转让的专利申请号08/725,507中公开一种其尺寸相对小的非均匀螺旋双频段天线，其标题为“Multip Band Non-Uniform HelicalAntennas”。
目前，用于通信设备例如移动电话的天线都直接安装在电话的机壳上。然而，当便携式终端的大小和重量继续减小时，上述天线因其体积而不再具有优越性。此外，当这些未来的小型便携式终端的功能增加时，对能谐振在多个频段的机内小型天线的需求增加。
目前应用在移动电话中的普通机内天线包括微带天线和平面倒F型天线。微带天线体积小重量轻。平面倒F型天线(PIFA)已经实施在移动电话手持机中，由K.Qassim在下例文献中描述过：“Inverted-F Antenna for Portable Handsets”IEE Colloqium OnMicroware Filters and Antennas for Personal CommunecationSystems,pp.3/1-3/6,Feb.1994,London,UK。最近，Lai等公布了一种弯曲的倒F型天线(WO 96/27219)。这些天线的大小大约是普通PIFA天线的40％。
图1A和1B说明普通平面补片天线同Lai等描述的弯曲倒F型天线作比较。例如图1A的普通平面补片天线的大小和长度等于天线谐振频率的四分之一波长。普通平面补片天线的宽度也为W。在图1B中说明的弯曲倒F天线的长度也等于谐振频率的四分之一波长，并且宽度也为W；但是弯曲倒F天线的大小约为普通平面补片天线的40％。
然而，当移动电话变得越来越小时，普通微带补片和PIFA天线都仍然显得过大而不适应未来的小型的电话机壳。此外，这些机内天线不能调谐到双频段。这种能力对于用于蜂窝，无线电局域网络，GPS和分集的需要多天线的下一代电话将是需要的。
概述
本发明通过提供一个小型的，机内的双频段天线克服在技术中发现的缺陷，该天线适合使用在未来的小型的移动终端中，按示例性实施例，提供一个机内天线，其包括两个不同长度和能调谐到不同频段的螺旋导体臂。该印刷的臂通过一个基片安装在移动终端的印刷电路板上。天线的匹配是由一个匹配电桥完成的，该电桥放置在馈电引线和接地端间，调整该匹配电桥的长度就能改变天线的匹配状况，在另一实施例中，一个负载电阻附加到该匹配电桥以提高天线的带宽。本发明的天线设计成印刷的双螺旋状的，尺寸很小(其尺寸小于工作频率的1/10波长，这导至天线为普通PIFA天线的20-30％)，双频段，和表面可安装。
附图的简要说明
根据以下参照附图对优选实施例的说明，本发明的上述目的和特征将更显而易见。
图1A和1B说明普通平面补片天线对普通弯曲倒F天线作比较；
图2说明一种无线电通信设备，其中可以实施本发明的天线；
图3说明按本发明第一实施例的机内多频段螺旋天线；
图4说明本发明的机内多频段螺旋天线的顶视图；
图5说明按本发明的第二实施例的机内多频段螺旋天线；
图6说明本发明的一个GPS/ISM链路双频段天线的模拟结果；以及
图7说明本发明的一个GSM/DCS双频段天线的模拟结果。
详细说明
图2说明一种无线电通信设备200，其中可实施本发明的机内多频段天线。通信设备200包括一个机壳210，在其上面有一个麦克风口220和扬声器230，分别定位在靠近用户的嘴和耳朵位置。键盘240使用户同通信设备相互作用，例如，通过输入拨打的电话号码。通信设备200还包括一个机内天线装置250，其细节将在下面描述。
图3说明本发明的一个示例性实施例的机内天线装置。按本发明的这种机内天线装置包括两个导体臂305和310，其每一个按内螺旋形状配置。两个导体臂305和310通过介质基片320附加到印刷电路板(PCB)315上，并在接合连接点连接到馈电引线325。螺旋导体臂被放置在PCB315上，并在该导体臂和PCB315之间形成缝隙。本专业技术人员将理解，正是这个螺旋缝隙形成本发明天线系统的主辐射器(或传感元件)。
如据图3所显见的和在图4的顶视图中所更清晰地表明的，导体臂305和310是在螺旋的外圈端由馈电引线325馈电。本专业技术人员将理解导体臂中的电流当其从馈电引线流向导体臂另一端时将受到衰减。结果当该电流大多数分布在该导体臂的外缘时，天线具有较高的辐射效率。
机内天线还包括放置在馈电引线325和接地端335之间的一个匹配电桥330。匹配电桥330起调谐天线作用并在馈电引线325和接地端335之间形成一个小的环形天线。天线的调谐意旨匹配在天线的输入端向天线观察的阻抗，使输入阻抗被看作一个纯阻，即，它将不具有明显的电抗分量。本发明天线系统的调谐是通过测量和估算与天线相关的输入阻抗和提供一个合适的阻抗匹配电路(即，匹配电桥)来实现的。根据本发明，天线的匹配可以通过改变该匹配电桥330的长度来进行调整。对此，由简单地改变接地点335的位置来完成。匹配电桥的长度一般在0.01λ-0.1λ量级。
如据图3和图4所显见的是，天线系统的两个导体臂305和310的长度不相同。如下面将更详细描述的那样，这使得天线系统能工作在多个频段。通过控制导体臂的长度，天线能够被调谐到不同的频率。多频段天线305的第一臂具有的长度(一般为该臂被调谐到的频段的1/4波长)和结构使其谐振在第一较低频段的频率，而第二臂310具有的长度和结构使其谐振在第二较高频段的频率。这两个臂可谐振在任何频率。
例如，第一频段可以是GSM频段，而第二频段可以是DCS频段。这样，第一臂接近GSM信号(即，900MHz)的1/4波长，而第二臂接近DCS信号(即，1800MHz)的1/4波长。从而使天线容易调谐到双谐振。虽然本发明例子陈述第一和第二频段分别是GSM和DCS频段，本专业技术人员将理解也可实施频段的其他组合而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。例如，低和高频段的其他可能组合包括GSM+PCS,GSM+WCDMA,DCS+WCDMA,GSM+GPS,GSM+ISM，或更低和更高频段的其他组合。
多频段天线可以制造成印刷金属片，导线结构或刻蚀在塑胶架上。虽然导体臂表示成按内螺旋形状配置，本专业技术人员将理解也可另外选择其他形状，例如弯曲的或外螺旋形状的。但是，内螺旋配置不仅提供总尺寸减小的天线(其尺寸约为普通平面补片天线的20％)，而且，如上所述，其具有较高的效率。
本发明的机内多频段天线的谐振频率和带宽取决于介质基片的面积和厚度，所选介质材料的类型(即，介电常数)，螺旋长度和螺旋的长宽比率(rate of expansion)。本专业技术人员将理解，介质基片的面积或厚度或螺旋紧密的增加，或介电常数的减小将导至增加能够得到的带宽。
如图3所显见的是，本发明的机内多频段天线可以安装在PCB的边缘处，其可以提供更好的辐射效率和带宽。此外，由于天线尺寸小，用于机内多频段天线的PCB空间要求最小。
本发明的天线装置工作如像一个磁天线。结果，当适当选择螺旋长宽比率时(即螺旋的紧密度)，螺旋金属带产生接近园极化的波(这与由以上关于图1A和图1B描述的普通天线得到的线性极化波相反)。在多路径环境，例如移动无线电通信和卫星通信(例如GPS)中这是有利的，对于这些环境通常使用园极化信号。此外，像一个磁天线那样，来自人体的干扰比较小。
图5说明按本发明第二实施例的机内螺旋天线。本专业技术人员将理解，在一个接地平面上的印刷天线的带宽比在先描述的普通单极或双极天线的带宽更窄。这种印刷天线的带宽可以通过引入系统某些损耗而提高。根据损耗总是指示低Q-因素，而由此指示一个更宽的带宽这个事实使得以上措施是显而易见的。下列方程说明Q-因素和可达到的带宽之间的关系：
                      Q=fo/BW
这里fo是中心频率而BW是带宽。
按本发明的一个示例性实施例，将负载电阻560串联连接到匹配电桥330，以引入损耗该系统中。作为替换，相同的结果通过将电阻560并联连接到接地端335而获得。本发明的电阻可以是芯片电阻或一个电阻膜片。电阻引入损耗于天线的辐射功率之中从而导致了带宽的增加。
可以选择电阻值以满足具体的设计要求，在需要高效率的场合(即保持小的损耗)，应使用小阻值电阻。但是对于带宽是关键的场合，应使用较大阻值的电阻。
为说明本发明的效率，图6和7陈述了示例性双频段天线的模拟结果。两个模拟天线都通过介质基片安装在一块印刷电路板上。对第一模拟实验，其结果在图6中说明，该双频带，双螺旋天线的长度是0.1波长，宽度是0.05波长，和高度是0.04波长。设计天线臂谐振在GPS和ISM频段。对于VSWR小于2.5∶1，在GPS频段天线带宽为6.8％(即，约107MHz)和在ISM频段为4.5％(即，约110MHz)。图6说明本发明第一模拟实验的天线VSWR特性，据图6显见的是，由于GPS要求窄频带，所以甚至有可能提供一个比用在该模拟实验中更小的天线。
对于第二模拟实验，设计天线导体臂谐振在GSM和DCS频段。该双频带，双螺旋天线的长度为0.1波长，宽度为0.07波长和高度为0.04波长。在该模拟实验中，附加一欧姆的芯片电阻到匹配电桥以提高天线的带宽。对于VSWR小于2.5∶1，在GSM频段带宽为8.7％(即，约80MHz)和在DCS频段为8.8％(即，约160MHz)。图7说明本发明第二模拟实验的天线的VSWR特性。
以上说明已描述了本发明的原理，优选实施例和工作模式。然而，本发明不应局限于以上讨论的具体实施例。例如，当已讨论的本发明的天线首先作为一个辐射器时，本专业技术人员将理解本发明印刷的双螺旋双频段天线也可用作在特定频率接收信息的传感器。这样，上述实施例应看作是说明而不是限制，而且应当理解，可以按这些实施例由本专业技术人员作出多种变型而不脱离由以下权利要求定义的本发明的范围。

Claims (24)

1．一种在无线电通信系统中使用的通信设备，所说设备包括：
一个麦克风口，允许通信设备从用户接收听觉信息；
一个扬声器，允许通信设备传送听觉信息到所说用户；
一个键盘；以及
一个多频段天线，包括调谐到不同频段的第一臂和第二臂。
其中所说多频段天线是一个机内天线。
2．权利要求1的通信设备，其中所说第一臂谐振在一个较低频段的频率上，而所说第二臂谐振在一个较高频段的频率上。
3．权利要求1的通信设备，其中所说第一和第二臂的形状是内螺旋，外螺旋和弯曲形状之一个形状。
4．权利要求1的通信设备，还包括一个匹配电桥，用于匹配所说天线的输入阻抗。
5．权利要求4的通信设备，其中所说天线的匹配是通过改变匹配电桥的长度调整的。
6．权利要求1的通信设备，其中所说第一和第二臂是内螺旋形状，以及在所说第一和第二臂中的电流是在所说螺旋外圈端馈送的。
7．权利要求1的通信设备还包括一块印刷电路板，所说机内多频段天线安装在其上面。
8．权利要求1的通信设备，其中所说臂的长度选择为该臂所调谐到的不同频段的约1/4波长。
9．权利要求4的通信设备还包括附加到所说匹配电桥用于提高所说天线带宽的一个负载电阻。
10．一种在无线电通信系统中使用的通信设备，所说设备包括：
一块印刷电路板，安装在所说通信设备的机壳上；
一个基片，附加到所说印刷电路板上并具有预定的厚度；以及
一个天线，安装在所说基片上并包括谐振在不同频率的第一和第二螺旋臂，
其中所说天线是机内天线。
11．权利要求10的通信设备，其中所说第一臂谐振在一个较低频段的频率上，而所说第二臂谐振在一个较高频段的频率上。
12．权利要求10的通信设备还包括一个匹配电桥，用于匹配所说天线的输入阻抗并定位在馈电类和接地端之间。
13．权利要求12的通信设备，其中所说天线的匹配是通过改变匹配电桥的长度调整的。
14．权利要求10的通信设备，其中所说臂的长度选择为该臂所调谐到的不同频段的约1/4波长。
15．权利要求12的通信设备还包括附加到所说匹配电桥用于提高所说天线带宽的一个负载电阻。
16．权利要求10的通信设备，其中所说天线的带宽取决于所说螺旋臂的尺寸和所说基片的厚度和介电常数。
17．一种用于在无线电通信设备的天线，所说天线包括：
两个印刷的螺旋臂，其每个调谐到不同的频段；
其中所说天线是机内天线。
18．权利要求17的天线，其中所说天线的第一臂谐振在一个较低频段的频率上，而所说天线的第二臂谐振在一个较高频段的频率上。
19．权利要求18的天线，其中所说第一臂比所说第二臂长。
20．权利要求17的天线还包括：
一个匹配电桥，用于匹配所说天线的输入阻抗，以及
一个负载电阻，附加到所说在匹配电桥，用于提高天线的带宽。
21．权利要求20的天线，其中所说天线的匹配是通过改变匹配电桥的长度调整的。
22．权利要求17的天线，其中所说印刷的螺旋臂通过基片连接到所说无线电通信设备的一块印刷电路板上。
23．权利要求22的天线，其中所说天线的带宽取决于所说印刷的螺旋臂的尺寸和所说基片的厚度和介电常数。
24．权利要求17的天线，其中在所说印刷的螺旋臂中的电流是在所说螺旋外圈端馈送的。
CNB998101192A 1998-07-09 1999-07-06 印刷双螺旋双频段天线 Expired - Lifetime CN1153314C (zh)

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