CN1153313C - 用于移动终端的微型印刷螺旋天线 - Google Patents
用于移动终端的微型印刷螺旋天线 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
- H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
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Abstract
提供一种机内天线,其包括通过一个基片连接到移动终端印刷电路的一个印刷的金属带。天线的匹配用一个匹配电桥来实现,该匹配电桥放置在馈电引线和接地端之间,通过调节该匹配电桥的长度能改变该天线的匹配情况。在一个替代实施例中,附加一个负载电阻到匹配电桥以提高该天线的带宽。本发明的这种天线的大小可以是普通PIFA天线的20-30%(即小于工作频率的波长的1/10)。结果该天线可以在很小型的机壳中使用。
Description
背景
本发明一般涉及无线电通信系统,特别涉及能插入到一个便携式终端中的微型印刷螺旋天线。
在美国以及世界其他地方,蜂窝电话工业在商业运作方面已经有了显著的进展,在主要大城市地区的增长已远超期望值并很快超出系统的容量。如果这种趋势继续,这种工业增长的效果将很快到达甚至最小的市场。要求改革方案符合增加容量的需求,同时保持高质量的服务和避免价格提升。
统观全球,在改进无线电通信系统方面的一个重要步骤是将模拟传输改为数字传输,同等重要的是选择实施下一代技术-例如时分多址接入(TDMA)或码分多址接入(CDMA)的有效的数字传输方案。此外,可以深信,低价位、袖珍式的第一代个人通信网络(PCN),方便携带的并用来在家、办公室、街道、车辆等场合发出或接收呼叫的无绳电话将由例如使用下一代数字蜂窝系统基础结构的蜂窝载体来提供。
为提供可接受的设备兼容性等级,在世界各个地区已建立起标准。例如,已经颁布了例如AMPS(先进的移动电话系统),NMT(北欧移动电话)和ETACS这样的模拟标准,以及例如D-AMPS(例如,在EIA/TIA-IS-54-B和IS-136中指定的)和GSM(由ETSI采用的移动通信全球系统)这样的数字标准,以便标准化无线电通信系统的设计规范。一旦建立起标准,则试图再按相同的或类似的方式使用这些标准以规定附加的系统。例如,除最初的GSM系统外,还存在DCS1800(由ETSI指定)和PCS1900(由J-STD-007中JTC指定),两者均基于GSM。
然而,目前在蜂窝通信业务方面的多数进展包括采用附加频带于人工操作移动通信之中,例如对于个人通信业务(PCS)的业务中。取U.S.作为例子,蜂窝超频带(Cellular hyperband)被分成两个频带(一般指A频带和B频带),用于在800MHz范围中传送和控制通信。另一方面,在美国PCS超频带被指定包括在1900MHz范围中的六个不同的频带(A,B,C,D,E和F)。这样,在U.S.的任一给定的服务区为简化通信业务现在可利用八个频带。对PCS超频带(例如,PCS1900(J-STD-007))已审定了某些标准,而对蜂窝超频带(例如,D-AMPS(IS-136))已审定了另外一些标准。
每个指定用于蜂窝和PCS超频带的频带被配置多个业务信道和至少一个接入或控制信道。控制信道通过发射到移动站和从其接收的信息去控制或监视移动站的操作。这样的信息可以包括入局呼叫信号,出局呼叫信号,寻呼信号,寻呼响应信号,位置登记信号,话音信道分配,保持指令,越区切换,和作为一个移动站传播出一个网孔的无线电可达范围和传播入另一个网孔的无线电可达范围的网孔选择或再选择指令。控制和话音信道可以用模拟调制或数字调制进行操作。
由下行链路中的一个基站在业务和控制信道上发送的信号由移动或便携式终端接收,每个终端具有至少一个天线。历史地,便携式终端已应用过若干不同类型的天线在空气界面上接收和发送信号。例如,已发现垂直于一个导体表面的单极天线提供良好的辐射特性,合乎要求的驱动点阻抗和相对简单的结构。可以用各种物理形状来建造单极天线。例如,杆状或鞭状天线已频繁地使用并同便携式终端相结合。对于天线长度最小化的高频应用场合,另外的选择是螺旋天线。
目前,用于通信设备例如移动电话的天线都直接安装在电话的机壳上。然而,当便携式终端的大小和重量继续减小时,上述天线因其体积而不再具有优越性。结果,对于这些未来紧凑的便携式终端将需要机内天线,而这些终端能工作在300MHz-3000MHz的频率范围。
目前应用在移动电话中的普通机内天线包括微带补片天线和平面倒F型天线。微带天线体积小重量轻。平面倒F型天线(PIFA)已经实施在移动电话手持机中,由K.Qassim在下例文献中描述过:“Inverted-F Antenna for Portable Handsets”IEE Colloqium OnMicroware Filters and Antennas for Personal Communi cationSystems,pp.3/1-3/6,Feb.1994,London,UK。最近,Lai等公布了一种弯曲的倒F型天线(WO 96/27219)。这些天线的大小大约是普通PIFA天线的40%。
图1A和1B说明普通平面补片天线同Lai等描述的弯曲倒F型天线作比较。例如图1A的补片天线的大小和长度等于天线谐振频率的四分之一波长。普通平面补片天线的宽度也为W。在图1B中说明的弯曲倒F天线的长度也等于谐振频率的四分之一波长,并且宽度也为W;但是弯曲倒F天线的大小约为普通平面补片天线的40%。
当移动电话变得越来越小时,普通微带补片和PIFA天线都仍然显得过大而不适应未来的小的电话机壳。当用于蜂窝,无线局域网络,GPS和分集的下一代电话需要多个天线时,这个问题更为特别。
概述
本发明通过提供一种机内印刷螺旋天线探索技术中的上述缺陷,该种螺旋天线小且能充分满足未来小型移动终端的需要。根据示例性实施例,提供了一种机内天线,其包括通过基片连接到移动终端的印刷电路板的印刷的螺旋金属带。天线的匹配是通过放置在馈电引线和接地端之间位置上的一个匹配电桥实现的。通过调节该匹配电桥的长度就能改变该天线的匹配状态。在一个替换实施例中,向匹配电桥附加一个负载电阻以提高天线的带宽。本发明的这种天线的大小可以是普通PIFA天线的20-30%(即小于工作频率的波长的1/10)。结果该天线可以在很小型的机壳中使用。
附图简述
根据以下参照附图对优选实施例的说明,本发明的上述目的和特征将更加显而易见,其中:
图1A和1B说明普通平面补片天线对普通弯曲倒F天线作比较;
图2说明一种无线电通信设备,其中可以实施本发明的天线;
图3说明按本发明第一实施例的机内天线;
图4说明本发明的机内螺旋天线的顶视图;
图5说明按本发明第二实施例的机内天线;
图6说明设计来用于W-Lan应用的本发明的小型印刷螺旋天线的VSWR性能;
图7说明设计来用于工作在GSM频段的本发明的小型印刷螺旋天线的VSWR性能;以及
图8说明实施本发明的电阻提升技术的图7的小型印刷螺旋天线的VSWR性能。
详细说明
图2说明一种无线电通信设备200,其中可实施本发明的机内天线。通信设备200包括一个机壳210,在其上面有一个麦克风口220和扬声器230,分别定位在靠近用户的嘴和耳朵位置。键盘240使用户同通信设备相互作用,例如,通过输入拨打的电话号码。通信设备200还包括一个机内天线装置250,其细节将在下面描述。
图3说明按本发明的一个示例性实施例的机内天线装置。按本发明的机内天线包括一个印刷金属带315,以内螺旋形式(innerspiral shape)的结构通过介质基片320附加到通信设备的印刷电路板(PCB)310。内螺旋形状使天线在尺寸上减小而优于普通平面补片和弯曲倒F天线。通过按内螺旋形状形成印刷金属带使本发明天线的大小约能减小到普通平面补片天线的20%,同时保持1/4波长的长度。本专业技术人员将理解,本发明的印刷金属带的长度并不限于1/4波长,可以选用其他的长度,例如1/2波长。
印刷螺旋金属带315由天线馈电引线325在螺旋的外圈端馈电。本专业技术人员将理解,螺旋金属带315上的电流从馈电点325到金属带另一端衰减。结果,当电流大多数分布在天线外缘时,天线具有较高的辐射效率。
如在图3中和在图4显示的天线的顶视图中所说明的,机内天线还包括一个处在馈电引线325和接地端335之间的匹配电桥330。匹配电桥330起调谐天线的作用,并在馈电引线325和接地端之间构成一个小的环形天线。天线的调谐意旨匹配在天线的输入端向天线边观察的阻抗,使输入阻抗被看作一个纯阻,即,它将不具有明显的电抗分量。本发明天线系统的调谐是通过测量和估算与天线相关的输入阻抗和提供一个合适的匹配电路(即,匹配电桥)来实现的。根据本发明,天线的匹配可以通过改变该匹配电桥330的长度来进行调整。对此,由简单地改变接地点335的位置来完成。匹配电桥的长度一般在0.01λ-0.1λ量级。
如据图3所显见的是,印刷螺旋天线放置在PCB上,并且在螺旋金属带315和PCB 310之间形成一个螺旋缝隙。本专业技术人员将理解正是这个螺旋缝隙形成本发明天线系统的主辐射器(或传感元件)。
本发明的机内天线的谐振频率和带宽取决于介质基片的面积和厚度,所选介质的类型(即介电常数),金属带的螺旋长度和该螺旋的长宽比率。一般地,选择印刷螺旋金属带的长度为近似天线调谐到的频段的1/4波长。但是,本专业技术人员将理解,也可选择其他的长度,例如1/2波长。本专业技术人员将还理解,介质基片的面积或厚度或螺旋的紧密度(即,螺旋的长宽比率)的增加,或介电常数值的减小都将导致增加能够得到的带宽。
如据图3所明显的是,本发明的螺旋天线可以安装在PCB的边缘处,其可以提供更好的辐射效率和带宽。此外,由于天线尺寸小,用于螺旋天线的PCB空间要求最小。
本发明的天线装置工作起来如像一个磁天线。结果,当适当选择螺旋长宽比率时,螺旋金属带产生接近园极化的波(这与由以上关于图1A和图1B描述的普通天线得到的线性极化波相反)。在多路径环境,例如移动无线电通信和卫星通信(例如GPS)中这是有利的,对于这些环境通常使用园极化信号。此外,像一个磁天线那样,来自人体的干扰比较小。
图5说明按本发明第二实施例的机内螺旋天线。本专业技术人员将理解,在一个接地平面上的印刷天线的带宽比在先描述的普通单极或双极天线的带宽更窄。这种印刷天线的带宽可以通过引入系统某些损耗而提高。根据损耗总是指示低Q-因素,而由此指示一个更宽的带宽这个事实使得以上措施是显而易见的。下列方程说明Q-因素和可达到的带宽之间的关系:
Q=f0/BW这里f0是中心频率,而BW是带宽。
按本发明的一个示例性实施例,将负载电阻560串联连接到匹配电桥330,以引入损耗于该系统中。作为替换,相同的结果通过将电阻560并联连接到接地端335而获得。本发明的电阻可以是芯片电阻或一个电阻膜片。电阻引入损耗于天线的辐射功率之中从而导致了带宽的增加。
可以选择电阻值以满足具体的设计要求。在需要高效率的场合(即保持小的损耗),应使用小阻值电阻。但是对于带宽是关键的场合,应使用较大阻值的电阻。
为说明本发明的效率,图6-8陈述了示例性机内螺旋天线的模拟结果。模拟天线通过介质基片安装在一个印刷电路板上。对于第一模拟实验其结果在图6中说明,说明的是对W-LAN应用的设计。印刷螺旋天线的长度是0.082波长,宽度0.08波长,高度0.04波长。对于VSWR小于2.5∶1的天线带宽为5.3%。图6说明本发明第一模拟的天线的VSWR。根据图6显见的是对于2.45GHz频段天线达到接近130MHz的带度,它满足W-LAN应用的要求。
对于第二模拟实验,天线设计用于在GSM频段。印刷螺旋天线长度为0.073波长(22mm),宽度为0.067波长(20mm)和高度为0.04波长(12mm)。对于VSWR小于2.5∶1的天线的带宽为4.2%。对该模拟,天线对GSM频段带宽达约40MHz,这不满足GSM应用的要求。图7表示对于这种设计的VSWR。
对于第三模拟实验,通过附加1欧姆的芯片电阻到天线的匹配电桥就对上述GSM频段天线引起了带宽的增加。结果,天线的带宽增加到9.3%(约88MHz)。在图8中说明对该模拟的VSWR性能。这种带宽增强了的天线的性能,满足GSM应用的要求;然而天线增益约降低3dB。
以上说明已描述了本发明的原理,优选实施例和工作模式。然而,本发明不应局限于以上讨论的具体实施例。例如,当已讨论的本发明的天线首先作为一个辐射器时,本专业技术人员将理解印刷的小型螺旋天线也可用作在特定频率接收信息的传感器。这样,上述实施例应看作是说明而不是限制,而且应当理解,可以按这些实施例由本专业技术人员作出多种变型而不脱离由以下权利要求定义的本发明的范围。
Claims (20)
1.一种用在无线电通信系统中的移动终端,所说移动终端包括:
一个麦克风口,用于允许移动终端从用户接收听觉信息;
一个扬声器口,用于允许移动终端发送听觉信息到所说用户;
一个键盘;
一个天线,包括一个印刷螺旋金属带;
其中所说天线包括一个馈电点和一个接地端,其中一个匹配电桥定位在该馈电点和接地端之间;以及
其中所说天线是一个机内天线。
2.如权利要求1的移动终端,其中该匹配电桥用于匹配所说天线的输入阻抗。
3.如权利要求2的移动终端,其中所说天线匹配是通过改变匹配电桥长度调整的。
4.如权利要求1的移动终端,其中所说印刷螺旋金属带在所说螺旋的外圈的一端被馈入电流。
5.如权利要求1的移动终端,还包括一个印刷电路板,在其上安装所说机内天线。
6.如权利要求1的移动终端,其中所说印刷金属带的长度选择约为天线调谐的频段的1/4波长。
7.如权利要求2的移动终端,还包括一个附加到所说匹配电桥的一个负载电阻,用于提高所说天线的带宽。
8.一种用在无线电通信系统中的移动终端,所说移动终端包括:
一个印刷电路板,安装在所说移动终端的机壳上;
一个基片,附加到所说印刷电路板;以及
一个天线,安装在所说基片上,并包括一个印刷螺旋金属带;一个馈电点和接地端,其中接地端位于天线的一端并通过馈电点连接到天线的剩余部分;以及
其中所说天线是一个机内天线。
9.如权利要求8的移动终端,还包括一个匹配电桥,用于匹配所说天线的输入阻抗,并定位在所述馈电点和接地端之间。
10.如权利要求9的移动终端,其中所说天线的匹配是通过改变匹配电桥的长度调整的。
11.如权利要求8的移动终端,其中所说印刷螺旋金属带的长度选择约为天线调谐的频段的1/4波长。
12.如权利要求9的移动终端,还包括附加到所说匹配电桥的一个负载电阻,用于提高所说天线的带宽。
13.如权利要求8的通信系统,其中所说天线的带宽取决于所说印刷螺旋金属带的尺寸和所说基片的厚度和介质常数。
14.如权利要求9的移动终端,其中所说匹配电桥在所说馈电点和所说接地端之间形成环状天线。
15.一种用于无线电移动终端的天线,所说天线包括:
一个印刷螺旋金属带;
一个匹配电桥,用于匹配所说天线的输入阻抗;以及
一个负载电阻,附加到所说匹配电桥;
其中所说天线是一个机内天线,该天线包括一个馈电点和接地端,其中该匹配电桥位于所述馈电点和接地端之间。
16.如权利要求15的天线,其中所说天线的带宽取决于所说负载电阻的值。
17.如权利要求15的天线,其中所说天线的匹配是通过改变匹配电桥的长度调整的。
18.如权利要求15的天线,其中所说印刷螺旋金属带是通过基片连接到所说移动终端的一个印刷电路板上。
19.如权利要求15的天线,其中在所说印刷螺旋金属带中的电流是在所说螺旋的外圈的一端馈送的。
20.如权利要求15的天线,其中所说印刷螺旋金属带的长度选择约为天线调谐的频段的1/4波长。
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CN1153313C true CN1153313C (zh) | 2004-06-09 |
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CNB998084123A Expired - Fee Related CN1153313C (zh) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-07-09 | 用于移动终端的微型印刷螺旋天线 |
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US (1) | US6353443B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1095423A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2002520936A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100612798B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1153313C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU5389099A (zh) |
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-
1998
- 1998-07-09 US US09/112,366 patent/US6353443B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-07-09 IL IL14062099A patent/IL140620A0/xx unknown
- 1999-07-09 WO PCT/SE1999/001251 patent/WO2000003453A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-09 CN CNB998084123A patent/CN1153313C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-09 JP JP2000559612A patent/JP2002520936A/ja active Pending
- 1999-07-09 AU AU53890/99A patent/AU5389099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-09 KR KR1020017000246A patent/KR100612798B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-09 EP EP99939634A patent/EP1095423A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-16 TW TW088112066A patent/TW465143B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102361155A (zh) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-02-22 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | 一种手持终端的天线装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20010053422A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
IL140620A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
AU5389099A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
TW465143B (en) | 2001-11-21 |
EP1095423A1 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
US6353443B1 (en) | 2002-03-05 |
WO2000003453A1 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
JP2002520936A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
CN1308782A (zh) | 2001-08-15 |
KR100612798B1 (ko) | 2006-08-18 |
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