CN1309551C - 用于搭接焊接平面的塑料材料的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于搭接焊接平面的塑料材料的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1309551C
CN1309551C CNB03152642XA CN03152642A CN1309551C CN 1309551 C CN1309551 C CN 1309551C CN B03152642X A CNB03152642X A CN B03152642XA CN 03152642 A CN03152642 A CN 03152642A CN 1309551 C CN1309551 C CN 1309551C
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wedge shape
material web
shape part
heating wedge
welding
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CN1535809A (zh
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W·楚尔米勒
P·齐默利
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Leister Technologies AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B29C65/2053Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position
    • B29C65/2061Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position by sliding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/865Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels
    • B29C66/8652Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling
    • B29C66/86531Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling being guided
    • B29C66/86533Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling being guided by rails
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7835Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by using stops
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7888Means for handling of moving sheets or webs
    • B29C65/7894Means for handling of moving sheets or webs of continuously moving sheets or webs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8221Scissor or lever mechanisms, i.e. involving a pivot point
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8223Worm or spindle mechanisms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/17Surface bonding means and/or assemblymeans with work feeding or handling means
    • Y10T156/1702For plural parts or plural areas of single part
    • Y10T156/1712Indefinite or running length work
    • Y10T156/1715Means joining indefinite length work edge to edge
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T156/1788Work traversing type and/or means applying work to wall or static structure

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Abstract

本发明主要涉及借助于一种加热楔形件对幅面、薄膜或类似形式的塑料材料进行焊接,其中不在焊接的材料幅面下应用第二个压紧装置滚轮来进行焊接。为此将加热楔形件置于下部材料幅面上并在压力作用下通过此材料幅面而运动。压力通过一个具有一个压紧装置滚轮的压紧装置而产生,压紧装置就压在上部材料幅面上和加热楔形件上。通过一种浮动的支承就可以通过加热棒补偿下部材料幅面下面的微小不平度。

Description

用于搭接焊接平面的塑料材料的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种借助于一种加热棒来搭接焊接平面的塑料材料的方法。这种加热楔形件在上部材料幅面和下部材料幅面之间运动并对材料加热,其中材料幅面在加热和熔焊之后就结合在一起并相互挤压。本发明还涉及一种用于搭接焊接平面的塑料材料的焊接器具,它有一个由滚轮支承和驱动的底架,其中至少有一个滚轮设计作为压紧装置滚轮以用于压合加热的相互接触的材料,以及一个可置于材料幅面之间并使材料幅面在相互指向的面上在接触时熔化的加热装置,以及一种应用于这种焊接器具的导向轨。
背景技术
为了焊接由PVC-P(聚氨乙烯板),PE(聚乙烯)、ECB(乙烯共聚与沥青混合物)、CSPE(氯磺化聚乙烯树脂)、EPDM(三无乙丙橡胶)、PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)等等材料制成的涂层织物、薄膜和密封幅面以及涂有PE的带式织物所组成的用于载重卡车、帐篷、农业用覆盖物、生物小区、游泳池、遮阳篷、船用篷盖、可充气船、广告篷布等等的覆盖物而应用了开头所述的方法并使用了这类焊接器具。在地下工程、顶盖建筑中或者在地板方面都出现有其它类似的材料。以下就将上面所述的塑料材料一般称为材料幅面。为了焊接,材料幅面搭接地布置,因而这二个材料幅面在一个搭接部位置上下叠置并称为一个上材料幅面和一个下材料幅面。也可以使相互待焊接的材料幅面对接布置并用一个条带在一个搭接部位里盖住这二个下面的层并与各自下面的材料幅面焊接。
焊接器具可以有一个作为加热装置的加热楔形件,它通常为直接电加热的,或者有一个要布置在材料层之间的用热风加热的加热喷嘴。尤其是对于加热楔形件焊接器具和同时应用的方法来说,必需将待焊接的材料抬起,以便借助于压紧装置滚轮在材料幅面焊接之后在两侧将待焊接材料压合一起。这种类型的机器的实例和所用的方法可由DE 4230882 C2或者US 5 865 942 A1查知。这种方法和为此所采用的焊接器具的缺点是:由于抬起材料幅面一方面它会形成折痕,这就会损害焊缝,另外也存在有使材料幅面扭曲的危险。另外由于材料幅面局部相对较厚和坚硬,因而在抬起材料幅面对焊接器具的操作就更困难了。
发明内容
因而本发明的任务是建议一种方法和一种装置,借此就改善了这类材料幅面的焊接并使操作更容易。
为完成该项任务,本发明提出一种借助于一个加热楔形件用来对平面的塑料材料进行搭接焊接的方法,该加热楔形件在上、下材料幅面之间运动并加热这些材料,其中,待焊接的材料幅面至少在待焊接的接搭部位处铺设在一个平面的坚固的底板上;加热楔形件通过抬起上材料幅面而放在二个材料幅面之间;热的加热楔形件沿着至少一个待焊接的材料幅面的边缘运动,材料幅面在加热和熔焊后借助于压紧装置滚轮聚合在一起并向着平面的底板相互压紧,其中,加热楔形件在位于平面的坚固的底板上的下材料幅面上沿幅面运动,在下材料幅面里或下面有不平度时加热楔形件无接触损失地在垂直方向上运动。
为完成本发明的任务,本发明还提出一种用于对平面的塑料材料进行搭接焊接的焊接器具,它有一个由滚轮支承和驱动的底架,其中至少有一个滚轮设计成压紧装置滚轮用于将热的相互接触的材料幅面压合在一起;还有一个加热装置,它可以放在二个材料幅面之间,并使材料幅面在相互对着的面上在接触时熔化,其中,一种用于支承和移动加热楔形件形式的加热装置的装置,是从一个离开压紧装置滚轮的备用位置移动至一个靠近压紧装置滚轮并位于下材料幅面上的焊接位置;还在于一个用于将加热楔形件在焊接位置上时弹性地压在下材料幅面上的装置。
按照本发明的方法待焊接的材料幅面至少在待焊接的搭接部位处都铺设在一个平面的坚固的底板上。这平面的坚固的底板可以是一个工作台、地板或者其它适合的不让缩的底板。当然它也可以有斜面。加热楔形件通过抬起上材料幅面而置于材料幅面之间并沿着至少一个待焊接的材料幅面边缘运动。此时加热楔形件在位于平坦底板上的下材料幅面上沿其运动并使连接起来的材料幅面借助于一个压紧装置滚轮而对着平坦底板压合。
在按本发明的方法中因此就不需要使二个材料幅面都抬起了。通过抬起上材料幅面主要只是使加热楔形件能够进入材料幅面之间,抬起高度远小于以前所用的方法和装置时的高度。因而就能制成一种大大改善的无折痕的焊缝。由于抬起高度小就不再有材料幅面产生扭曲的危险了。更令人惊奇的是用这种方法可以通过加热楔形件在下材料幅面上的运动也在此处达到足够的熔化并与之相连形成二个材料幅面之间的坚固连接。
原则上来说平面的坚固的底板可以不完全是平的,而是可以有不同的平面水平高度,或者,尽管十分细心,在这底板上没有局部一点一点的不平度。为了准确地解决这个问题已经应用了现有技术所已知的方法并采用了相应的焊接器具。因此按照一种优选设计的方法使加热楔形件在下部材料幅面之上运动时若在这材料幅面下有不平度那就无接触损失地在垂直方向上运动。通过一种浮动支承就可以通过加热楔形件来补偿下部材料幅面下的这种微小不平度。另外还通过一个弹性支承的,将上部材料幅压向加热楔形件的顶面的压紧装置滚轮使加热楔形件压在下部材料幅面上。因而保证了:二个材料幅面充分地与加热楔形件接触并因此而加热,而且同时能够自动地对底板的变化作出反应。
为了实施本方法更为有利地是使加热楔形件从备用位置调整到一个焊接位置。在焊接位置上这加热楔形件以其尖部在材料幅面之间移近压紧装置滚轮并保持在下部材料幅面上。因而就在这些材料幅刚刚聚集一起之后用一个压紧装置滚轮将这些材料幅面对着底板压紧一起,从而遵守了对于在材料幅面之间的连接过程所必需的参数。
更为有利的是这样来进行:使加热楔形件从通常已经在此加热了的,但尚未保持于焊接位置处的备用位置进入靠近在下部材料幅面上的第一个中间位置。然后将上部材料幅面抬起并将焊接楔形件在第二个中间位置上无压力地移动到位于上部和下部材料幅面之间的下部材料幅面上。接着使加热楔形件在加热楔形件纵向方向上进入上面所述的焊接位置。在这个位置上部和下部材料幅面就与加热楔形件的顶面和底面产生完全接触。
按照另外一种优选设计的方法在到达焊接位置时焊接过程就自动地开始,而且加热楔形件就沿着待焊接的材料幅面导向。对应地就反向来结束加热楔形件相对于材料幅面的运动并因此在加热楔形件从焊接位置移动出来时就使焊接过程终止了。备用位置上的加热楔形件通常通过操作者手动地移动至焊接位置,但也可以设有一个相应的电机驱动。
实践中通常为了避免加热单元推动材料就将这些材料定位搭焊住或者用一种双绝缘带事先相互粘结起来。按照另外一种优选的设计方案这些材料幅面只是在焊接过程中在加热楔形件周围的部位处固定,而这些材料在正好不进行焊接的部位处并不固定。最好用一个铺在上部材料幅面上的可以加长的轨道来进行,这个轨道正好在焊接过程中在加热楔形件部位处被压下。是在距待焊接的材料幅面边缘某个距离处压下,并且是在加热楔形件前面或后面的某个长度上。由于轨道可以加长,例如用第二根轨道就可以通过不断重复地加接刚拆下的轨道而达到连续不断地经过整个材料幅面。
按本发明的焊接器具包括有一个装置,它用于支承和移动一种加热楔形件形式的加热装置从一个远离压紧装置滚轮的备用位置至一个靠近压紧装置滚轮并位于下部材料幅面上的焊接位置,还有一个用于弹性地将焊接位置中的加热楔形件压在下部材料幅面上的装置。用于支承和移动加热楔形件的装置可以由不同的结构组成,这根据底架的构造而定,这些结构可以使加热楔形件从备用位置移到焊接位置。用于弹性压住加热楔形件的装置可以直接地或者间接地通过上部材料幅面将加热楔形件压到下材料幅面上。
按照一种优选设计方案的用于支承和移动加热楔形件的装置具有这些机构,以便使加热楔形件既能在加热楔形件纵向方向上也能在横交于此的方向上运动。因此在加热楔形件从备用位置移动到焊接位置时这些机构就在在纵向方向移动的同时也引起有目的的横向移动。
按照此焊接器具的一种优选的设计方案此用于支承和移动加热楔形件的装置具有一个支承臂,加热楔形件就布置在这支承臂的正面端部上。按照另外一种有利的设计方案这个支承臂有一个导向槽,导向销就啮合作用在该槽中。导向槽通入一个具有导向棱边的导向孔里,因而导向销在进入导向孔里去时使支承臂产生横交于加热楔形件的纵向方向的运动。对应于所设计的在导向孔里的导向边棱引起了安装在支承臂端部上的导向楔形件在不同位置上的所希望的移动。
此外更为合理的是在支承臂上还设置一个用于使焊接器具开始向前移动的装置。当加热楔形件离开焊接位置时,上述装置也使焊接器具停止工作。
按照本发明的一种特别优选的设计方案用于将加热楔形件弹性地压住在下材料幅面上的装置具有一个用于将上材料幅面压紧在加热楔形件上的压紧装置。此时压紧装置最好设计成一个在垂直方向上弹性可调定的压紧装置滚轮,该滚轮同时通过上材料幅面也将加热楔形件压向下材料幅面。加热楔形件的轴承元件允许加热楔形件在垂直方向上有一个有限制的运动,以便因而能对下材料幅面下的不平度作出反应。加热楔形件在垂直方向上的运动能使加热楔形件或者尖部降低或者抬起,或者造成一种侧向摆动。
为了保证与材料幅面的充分接触,加热楔形件的上部加热接触面是弧形的,而下部加热接触面是平面的。优选使下部加热接触面比上部长,以便在下材料幅面的某个范围里引起加热接触面可能有短时间分离开的不平度时在加热段的长度上仍保证充分的熔化。
按照另外一种有利的设计方案加热器具具有一个导向装置,该导向装置压住在一个位于材料幅面上的导轨上。该导向装置和附属的导轨当然不仅可以使用在具有加热楔形件的焊接器具上,而且也可以使用在具有热风装置和焊接烧嘴的焊接器具上。这种导轨,例如长度最大为2m,可以这样设计,从而通过二个这样的导轨的排列成行可以使焊接器具沿着材料幅面连续不断地移动运行。由于焊接器具的重量使导轨正好在加热楔形件所处的范围内压住在材料幅面上,因而此处不可能有扭曲或者形成折痕。因而导向装置最好布置在底架对置于加热装置的一侧,并且具有适合的压住在导轨上的滚轮。
因而此项任务也通过用一种对平面的塑料材料进行搭接焊接时专门应用的导向轨来解决,其具有由滚轮支承和驱动的底架和加热元件用于在焊接过程中固定住材料幅面以防止主要是在围绕加热元件的部位处由于底架的重量在焊接过程中通过压低产生的扭曲。
因而通过本发明就可以实现比以往更好质量的焊接。此外焊接过程所花费的能耗较少。
附图说明
以下根据一个实施例结合附图对本发明进行详细的叙述。附图所示为:
图1:具有支承臂和焊接楔形件的一个焊接器具在备用位置时的立体图;
图2:备用位置时焊接器具的俯视图。
图3:具有支承臂和焊接楔形件的器具无外壳时在备用位置时的第二个立体图;
图4:在第一个中间位置时具有支承臂和加热楔形件的器具无外壳时的侧视图。
图5:第一个中间位置时支承臂和加热楔形件的俯视图;
图6:第二个中间位置时具有支承臂和加热楔形件的器具无外壳时的侧视图;
图7:第二个中间位置时支承臂和加热楔形件的俯视图;
图8:按图1所示的具有支承臂和加热楔形件的器具在焊接位置时的视图;
图9:具有支承臂和加热楔形件的焊接器具在焊接位置时的侧视图;
图10:具有支承臂和加热楔形件的焊接器具在焊接位置时的俯视图;
图11:从加热楔形件对面看焊接器具的立体视图,该器具有导向装置和放置于薄片上的导轨;和
图12:具有支板的一个加热楔形件的放大侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1表示了具有外壳2和同时也是驱动滚轮的压紧装置滚轮3的焊接器具1。这样的焊接器具的基本构造一般是众所周知的,因而以下也不进一步描述了。在外壳2上设有一个支承臂4,它在其一端通过支板5支承住加热楔形件6。加热楔形件6以通常的种类和方式进行电加热,为此包含有必要的馈电引线和装置,这些对于本领域技术人员来说是众所周知的,因而就不继续加以讨论了。加热楔形件6(图12)通过销17支承在支板5的长的垂直的耳孔18里,以便能够在垂直方向上根据不平度而实现有控制的运动。加热楔形件6具有一个弧形的上部加热接触面22和一个下部的平面的加热接触面23。后者比上部加热接触面22要更长些。
图1和图2、图3表示了在备用位置上的支承臂4,因而加热楔形件6的位置脱离开压紧装置滚轮3。在备用位置时加热楔形件6一侧位于上材料幅面15之上。如图可见,在该实施例中加热楔形件6相对于支承臂偏转一个角度。在支承臂4里有一个具有边棱8的孔7,该边棱用于在通过一个在图3中所示的具有一个变细段20的刚性的导向销9使支承臂4运动时进行导向。导向销9啮合入一个布置于支承臂4里的导向槽19里并通过此槽导向。若导向销9位于孔7的部位21处,那么由于导向销9的变细段20,导向销9就不能离开外壳的靠近位置,而且还使支承臂4降下,这是由于该支承臂通过变细段20而进行导向。
用操作杆30通过一个齿条29在该实施例中手动使支承臂4运动至各个以后所描述的其它装置。在焊接位置上齿条29则在一个位置上停住,在这位置上它压向外壳2上的开关31并因而通过压紧装置滚轮进行推进或者反向。
用标号15和16表示上材料幅面或下材料幅面。在压紧装置滚轮3附近有一个压紧装置滚轮10,它通过一个弹性支承住的压紧装置11压在上材料幅面15上。压紧装置11有一个用于调定位置的上部螺钉12和一个用于调定弹簧14上的压紧力的下部螺钉13。
图4和5表示了在第一个中间位置时具有加热楔形件6的支承臂4。在这中间位置时加热楔形件6靠近在上材料幅面16上,但并不碰到它,并很大程度上是在上材料幅面15侧旁。导向销9在这位置时是在孔7前的导向槽19的端部处。
在图6和7里导向销9以其全长穿过孔7,因而具有加热楔形件6的支承臂4在外壳2方向上运动并通过变细段20已经降低。图6和7表示了第二个中间位置,此时加热楔形件6位于上材料幅面15和下材料幅面16之间,而并未使上材料幅面15已压到加热楔形件6的顶面上。加热楔形件6已置于上材料幅面16上。压紧装置滚轮10尚未调定到加热楔形件6上,因而上材料幅面15尚由加热楔形件6的上部加热接触面22提升起来。
最后在图8至10中具有尽可能小的位于加热楔形件6和压紧装置滚轮3之间的间隙的加热楔形件6位于靠近在压紧装置滚轮3处。压紧装置滚轮10将上材料幅面15压在加热楔形件6的上面上并因而将其压向下材料幅面16。导向销9则处于部位21的端部。随着到达这端部位置也通过齿条29操作开关31,并通过一个未表示出的控制/调节装置使外壳2推进来接通驱动装置。导向棱边8使加热楔形件6的所希望的轨迹在这部位里。控制/调节装置以众所周知的和通常的种类和方式调节加热楔形件的温度和其它对于焊接过程所必需的参数。
在支板5的耳孔18里的销17可以向上运动,以便根据不平度提供一个间隙,在这间隙里加热楔形件6可以接触下材料幅面16而使自己适应。同时它也可以在侧向或者纵向方向上略有偏转。
图11表示了布置在外壳另一侧的导向滚轮24和25,它们在一个导向轨26上沿轨移动,该导向轨26置于上材料幅面15上(此处未示出)。在该实施例中导向滚轮24和25并不是主动的。它们有一个边缘27,该边缘阻止了从导向轨26上滑脱。在该实施例中导向滚轮24和25在一个具有侧向连接着支承面的长方体形导向轨26上移动。也完全可以使导向轨具有一个或多或少下凹的滚道,导向滚轮就在这滚道里滚动。

Claims (17)

1.借助于一个加热楔形件(6)用来对平面的塑料材料进行搭接焊接的方法,该加热楔形件(6)在上、下材料幅面(15,16)之间运动并加热这些材料,其中,待焊接的材料幅面(15,16)至少在待焊接的接搭部位处铺设在一个平面的坚固的底板上;加热楔形件(6)通过抬起上材料幅面(15)而放在二个材料幅面之间;热的加热楔形件(6)沿着至少一个待焊接的材料幅面(15,16)的边缘运动,材料幅面(15,16)在加热和熔焊后借助于压紧装置滚轮(3)聚合在一起并向着平面的底板相互压紧,其特征在于,加热楔形件(6)在位于平面的坚固的底板上的下材料幅面(16)上沿幅面运动,在下材料幅面(16)里或下面有不平度时加热楔形件(6)无接触损失地在垂直方向上运动。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,加热楔形件(6)通过一个弹性支承的压紧装置滚轮(10)压在下材料幅面(16)上,该滚轮将上材料幅面(15)压向加热楔形件(6)的顶面(22)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,加热楔形件(6)从一个备用位置调整到一个焊接位置,其中加热楔形件(6)用其在二个材料幅面(15,16)之间的尖部移动靠近压紧装置滚轮(3)并保持住在下材料幅面(16)上。
4.按权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,使加热楔形件(6)从备用位置进入第一个中间位置靠近在下材料幅面(16)上,然后使上材料幅面(19)抬起并使焊接楔形件(6)在第二个中间位置时无压力地移动到位于上、下材料幅面之间的下材料幅面(16)上,并接着在加热楔形件纵向方向上进入焊接位置。
5.按权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,当到达焊接位置时用加热楔形件(6)沿着材料幅面(15,16)的运动使焊接过程开始或者反向使之停止。
6.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在焊接过程中使材料幅面(15,16)固定住以防止扭曲。
7.按权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于一个铺设在上材料幅面上的,可加长的导轨(26)进行固定,在焊接过程中通过一个实施此焊接过程的焊接器具(1)将此导轨压下。
8.用于对平面的塑料材料进行搭接焊接的焊接器具,它有一个由滚轮支承和驱动的底架(2),其中至少有一个滚轮设计成压紧装置滚轮(3)用于将热的相互接触的材料幅面(15,16)压合在一起;还有一个加热楔形件(6),它可以放在二个材料幅面(15,16)之间,并使材料幅面在相互对着的面上在接触时熔化,其特征在于,一种用于支承和移动加热楔形件(6)的装置(4,5,7,8,9,19,20),是从一个离开压紧装置滚轮(3)的备用位置移动至一个靠近压紧装置滚轮(3)并位于下材料幅面(16)上的焊接位置;还在于一个用于将加热楔形件(6)在焊接位置上时弹性地压在下材料幅面(16)上的装置(10,11,14)。
9.按权利要求8所述的焊接器具,其特征在于,用于支承和移动加热楔形件(6)的装置具有用来使加热楔形件在加热楔形件纵向方向上和横交于此的方向上运动的机构。
10.按权利要求8或9所述的焊接器具,其特征在于,用于支承和移动加热楔形件的装置具有一个支承臂(4),在这支承臂的正面端部布置了加热楔形件(6)。
11.按权利要求10所述的焊接器具,其特征在于,在支承臂(3)里布置有一个导向槽(19),具有导向边棱(8)的一个导向孔(7)通入此导向槽内,而且有一个导向销(9)啮合入这导向槽(19)内。
12.按权利要求8或9所述的焊接器具,其特征在于,在支承臂(3)上布置了一个用于在达到焊接位置时使焊接器具(1)开始向前运动,或者反向的装置。
13.按权利要求8所述的焊接器具,其特征在于,用于将加热楔形件(6)弹性地压在下材料幅面(16)上的装置具有一个用来将上材料幅面(15)压紧在加热楔形件(6)上的压紧装置,其中该压紧装置同时通过上材料幅面(15)也将加热楔形件(6)压向下材料幅面(15)并允许支承元件(17,18)在垂直方向上运动。
14.按权利要求8所述的焊接器具,其特征在于,加热楔形件(6)包括一个弧形的上部加热接触面(22)和一个下部的平面的加热接触面(23)。
15.按权利要求14所述的焊接器具,其特征在于,下部加热接触面(23)比上部加热接触面(22)的更长些。
16.按权利要求8所述的焊接器具,其特征在于,压住在一个置于材料幅面(15,16)上的导向轨(27)上的导向装置(24,25)布置在底架(2)上。
17.一种导向轨(27)在搭接焊接平面的塑料材料时的应用,其具有一个由滚轮支承和驱动的底架(2)和一个加热楔形件(6)用于在焊接过程中固定住材料幅面(15,16)以防止在焊接过程中由于底架(2)的重量而压低加热楔形件(6)所产生的材料幅面(15,16)的扭曲。
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