CN1308531A - 维生素e及其酯在粘膜疾病的局部治疗中的应用 - Google Patents
维生素e及其酯在粘膜疾病的局部治疗中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
维生素E及其酯,尤其是维生素E乙酸酯在制备用于局部治疗粘膜疾病的药物中的应用,例如口腔粘膜的干燥,阴道的干燥和瘙痒,直肠、鼻和眼粘膜溃疡,口炎,舌炎,角膜结膜炎,角膜炎,角膜痛,角膜溃疡,角膜去上皮形成,包膜鼻炎,鼻前庭炎,鼻出血,萎缩性阴道炎,子宫颈外翻,滤泡性外阴炎,红斑性外阴炎,与辐射有关的外阴炎,生殖器疱疹,肛门瘙痒,大便失禁,直肠炎和溃疡性直肠炎。
Description
发明领域
本发明广义上涉及α-生育酚(d,l的外消旋形式或纯的d,l对映异构体)(也称作维生素E)及其与羧酸形成的酯,特别是乙酸维生素E在粘膜病理的治疗性处理中的应用。
背景技术
在本申请人先前的专利申请WO-A-97/45098中已知,维生素E及其衍生物由于其抗氧和自由基清除特性,业已在化妆品工业中应用于制备治疗或预防皮肤疾病的制剂中。由于这些原因,维生素E及其衍生物经常以0.5至10%的浓度存在于化妆品制剂中作为具有抗氧和抗衰老作用的“活性”成分。实际中,体内研究中未曾有限地公开过维生素E在皮肤水平上的抗氧和抗衰老作用的临床重要性。
在专利申请EP-A-0158090中报导了一种局部用组合物,该组合物含有高达20%(重量)(优选高达10%)的与其它活性成分、乳化剂和赋形剂结合的维生素E。该申请中称,该组合物可有效地治疗湿疹、皮肤炎症和刺激、皮肤过敏、过度皮肤色素沉着等,但它仅仅提供了含有8%非乳化维生素E的香膏剂在预防阳光或辐射暴露所致红斑中的应用的试验证据。
在上文引用的专利申请WO97/45098中,报导了维生素E的酯,且特别是维生素E乙酸酯作为局部用化妆品和在制备用于局部治疗皮肤病症的药物中作为唯一(活性)成分的应用。
迄今为止已针对以非稀释形式局部涂敷的生育酚酯的潜在治疗作用作了研究,并且在粘膜疾病的治疗中获得显著效果。
下文的讨论中将特别涉及生育酚乙酸酯,作为本发明化合物的一个优选实施例。
发明公开
根据本发明,生育酚乙酸酯可以“原样”作为局部粘膜用药物应用在不同类型的粘膜上皮,这归功于疏水性软膏具有保护性能的性质,其有助于不同病症所致病变上皮的上皮再形成或正常化。
其油性本质及其对生物膜的生理亲和性成为将生育酚视作等效于磷脂的理论背景。其具有一种非极性部分和一个极性部分的分子结构,实际上与磷脂的分子结构相似。因此可推测出其在粘膜水平在粘膜分泌的脂质一磷脂组成的修复和再整合中作为药物应用的创新性,在这种情况中,分泌本身由于不同的病理情况在多种粘膜(例如:口腔粘膜、鼻粘膜、眼粘膜、阴道粘膜、直肠粘膜)中出现定性和定量的缺乏,并且脂质组成严重调和。
分泌中的极性磷脂在浅表膜的形成中极其重要,它可防止水分蒸发或也能在水分极度缺乏时代替水分。
生育酚在粘膜水平作为“新脂质”的创新应用的主要优越性在于,因其对其它生物分子的绝对亲和力,它本身是正常存在于人体生物和分子膜中的生物分子,并不是外源性分子,如同目前所用其它物质(例如:矿物油、聚乙二醇、多元醇),而且由于其“极性油”的分子结构极其类似于磷脂且对其具有亲和力,所以可以被粘膜分泌的水相整合,由此在后者因多种原因受损时重新构建后者的脂质成分。
所以,粘膜上的生育酚在细胞水平和分泌水平上作为脂质组成的替代物的应用具有创新性。
另一个基本优越性在于是“膜分子”并且在生物膜上表现出两种重要的生物活性:“膜稳定化作用”和“膜调节作用”。维生素E掺入生物膜的磷脂中归功于其结构亲和性,由此提高后者对不同(抗原、炎症、化学-物理)刺激的稳定性。这种通过亲和的掺入出现在粘膜和粘膜下水平不同种类的细胞的细胞膜(例如粘膜上皮的细胞,肥大细胞、朗罕氏细胞、成纤维细胞、血管的内皮细胞),也出现在细胞内细胞器的膜(例如线粒体、光滑和粗糙内质网、核膜)。由于这种掺入,维生素E可作为“第一信使”调节若干种膜信号,激活或灭活,或影响细胞内代谢途径(第二信使),同时对其中所包含的不同种类的细胞具有不同的生物作用(例如,蛋白激酶,磷酸二酯酶和cAMP的活化;调节钙离子进入细胞内;肥大细胞脱粒;调节细胞增殖信号)。这可以部分解释在粘膜水平应用维生素E的令人惊奇的作用。
下列是可通过局部应用乙酸生育酚“原样”获得治疗效益的疾病:口腔、阴道、直肠、鼻和眼粘膜的干燥和瘙痒,口疮性溃疡、口炎、角膜结膜炎、角膜炎、角膜痛、角膜溃疡、角膜去上皮形成、包膜(encrusted)鼻炎、鼻前庭炎、萎缩性阴道炎、子宫颈外翻、滤泡性外阴炎、红斑外阴炎、与辐射有关的外阴炎、生殖器疱疹、肛门瘙痒、大便失禁、直肠脱垂和生殖器疱疹。
当生育酚及其酯,特别是生育酚乙酸酯作为局部应用时不会产生任何问题,就微生物污染和其保藏而言,其中微生物不能在纯的生育酚或生育酚衍生物中繁殖。然而,在任何国家的健康机构要求添加防腐剂和杀菌剂的情形中,这显然可以根据常规制药技术的方法来进行。
当存在微生物所致感染时,生育酚乙酸酯也可以在与抗生素或抗真菌剂合用,或与其它活性成分合用,例如甾类和非甾类抗炎药,激素等。
对于局部应用,可以将能够预冷却至冰箱温度的生育酚乙酸酯与粘膜接触,或单独或与上述活性成分一起,作为阴道或直肠栓剂应用。
通过采用含明胶和甘油的赋形剂可以制备栓剂,例如F.U.(意大利药典)Ⅷ所列的那些(水、甘油、明胶分别25%、65%和10%)。实施本发明的方式
下文是若干局部对不同类型的粘膜应用生育酚乙酸酯“原样(asis)”的实施例。口腔粘膜
在口腔中和唇部上,在不同的病理情况(包括口腔粘膜干燥)中应用生育酚乙酸酯“原样”-也就是不用其它组分稀释。所述病理情况的实例是复发性口疮溃疡、口炎和舌炎。复发性口疮溃疡
复发性口疮溃疡是口腔粘膜最常见的损害且影响着人口的10-30%。虽然人们考虑了多种可能性病因学因素,例如缺铁、叶酸缺乏、维生素B12缺乏、病毒和细菌性感染(尤其是犬血链球菌(streptococcussanguis)和轻型链球菌),但其确切原因仍不详。然而,存在重要的致病因素,例如损伤、内分泌疾病、情绪压力和变应性变态反应。在妇女中,在月经期之前数天,可出现周期性口疮溃疡。目前理论上进展认为,激素和细胞对粘膜抗原介导的免疫在决定上述损害中起重要作用。
根据它们的临床特征口疮溃疡可以分为三类:轻度,重度和疱疹样。
在不同的诊断中应想到贝切特氏综合征中的溃疡,因为它们常常出现在该综合征其它特定临床表现之前。轻度口疮溃疡
轻度口疮溃疡是最常见的临床症状。它们小(直径2-6mm),椭圆形,很疼痛,覆盖有黄白色膜(坏死组织),界限分明且周围有红斑环。它们可是单-或多发(2-6个)的,突出持续5-8天,随后逐渐痊愈,无瘢痕形成。
它们经常间隔1-5个月复发并且几乎总是影响“可动的”口腔粘膜(颊粘膜、唇部、舌、唇粘膜和颊粘膜折叠),但在硬腭和牙床中很少见。
在50例年龄在8至40岁的轻度口疮溃疡对象中应用维生素E乙酸酯。局部涂敷在有关粘膜上,每天2-4次(每次的用量0.2-0.3ml),使用若干天。对于治疗目的最为重要的应用是在夜晚(和可用药的午睡)入睡之前即时进行的那些,在这些情况中药物持续长时间与口疮接触。建议所有患者使用温度约为4℃的生育酚乙酸酯(冷藏),因为它较稠且在此温度下更易于涂敷。
在全部病例中,可观察到主观的(减轻灼烧感和疼痛感)和客观的效果,并且缩短了愈合期(3-6天而不是8-10天)。口炎
口炎是一种原因多样的口腔粘膜炎症。药物性口炎是由全身给药(例如退热剂、磺胺、抗生素、巴比妥类药物)过敏引起。与烧伤有关的口炎与灼热(例如食物、刀具、沸腾的液体)引起的或由腐蚀性化学试剂(例如在牙科处理过程中)引起的损伤有关。变应性口炎是由局部涂敷的物质(例如丙烯酸树脂和丁香酚,在牙科处理中涂敷)引起的变应性变态反应。假牙性口炎与反复局部创伤有关。化学性口炎由于与刺激物接触(例如使用浓的醇或在牙痛情况中使用乙酰水杨酸;在牙科处理中使用丁香酚和丙烯酸树脂)而引起。与辐射有关的口炎是由口腔、头和颈部的恶性肿瘤中的放射治疗导致的。与化疗有关的口炎是肿瘤化学的主要并发症。
在不同来源的50例口炎中应用生育酚乙酸酯。每天用在4℃下冷藏的生育酚乙酸酯涂敷2-3次,持续数天,因为在此温度下冷藏的生育酚乙酸酯浓稠且易于涂敷。当损害位于口腔前部时直接涂敷在损害上(每次涂敷0.2-0.3ml),或当损害位于口腔后部时用茶匙给药(每次2滴),尤其是在夜晚入睡和午睡之前可用药时。
用药产生了有益的主观(减轻疼痛)和客观效果(愈合加快)。病毒性口炎是由病毒引起;其中,从临床和流行病学的观点看最主要和有意义的是由疱疹病毒引起的那些。
后者分为原发性疱疹龈口炎、继发性疱疹口炎、疱疹唇炎(labialis)、带状疱疹和水痘。其他病毒也可以引起口炎;其中值得注意的是柯萨奇病毒和埃可病毒,它们可以引起疱疹性咽峡炎或前口腔损害。
将生育酚乙酸酯应用于50例年龄在1至10岁的儿童的病毒性口炎中。将冷却(冰箱温度,约4℃)的生育酚乙酸酯直接涂敷在口腔内的有关区域(每天2次,在低龄儿童中适宜在夜晚入睡前和午睡之前给药,每次用量0.2-0.3ml)并且用茶匙给药至位于口腔后部的有关区域(每天2滴两次)。
用药产生了主观和客观的有益效果,哭泣发作次数减少,食物摄取最多,减少儿童夜间清醒的次数,并且加快愈合。眼粘膜
将生育酚乙酸酯应用在不同病理状况的眼粘膜上,这些病理状况的特征在于缺乏或改变泪膜(流泪困难),或在于结膜或角膜上皮的去上皮形成,假设生育酚能够防止泪膜脂肪并且使结膜和角膜上皮再形成。
泪膜虽然不是角膜结构的一部分,但它与角膜结构密切相关,并且为保存上皮的解剖和机能完整性作出贡献。
它在角膜上形成光滑的眼表面,因此防止图像的可能变化;因为它与空气接触,它构成了角膜的初级氧源,而不是形成血管。此外,它含有多种具有杀菌性质的物质和由泪腺产生的生长因子,而且参与角膜修复的生理过程。最后,它冲洗眼表面,带走剥落的细胞和异物。
在约7pm厚的泪膜中,可分为3层。最内层直接与角膜表面接触,由粘膜多糖构成;中间层是水;外层是脂质。
泪膜的脂质外层主要具有两个功能:减慢下方水分的蒸发并且在眼睑在眼球上移动时起润滑作用。
角膜上皮是复合非角化扁平上皮,其由上层的扁平细胞、中间层的翼状细胞(其名称归因于其,即呈翼状伸展)和单层的基底柱状细胞构成。
直接与外部空气接触的角膜上皮不但对环境中的致病因素起屏障作用,而且必需能够快速再生,易于暴露于不同类型的损伤。在任何类型的引起角膜上皮(不包括鲍曼氏膜)不断分解的损伤后,可发生上皮再形成过程,由此在4-7天内愈合。
如果损害涉及整个角膜表面并且扩展到(角膜)缘下,不同的修复机制变得很明显:在角膜缘的基底上皮水平上干细胞的破坏促进了角膜上结膜上皮的生长,由此结膜新血管形成。
浅表结膜去上皮形成是常见的情况。大气污染、小气候、使用隐形眼镜和干眼综合征是该疾病的主要诱因。
通常,采用滴眼液或软膏形式的药物治疗结膜去上皮形成,药物应促进上皮再形成并且缓解疼痛。最常用的药物是黄蝶呤、维生素A醇、羧甲基纤维素、透明质酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸。
然而,这些物质无一具有已证实的特异性上皮再形成。
在该领域中眼科学家迫切需要寻找新的治疗成分。
生育酚乙酸酯的应用被认为是有效的,这基于假说其应用可以防止泪膜蒸发,重建其脂质组成(代替或与膜的脂质外层结合),当眼睑在眼球上移动时润滑眼睑,并且促进结膜上皮再形成。
最后,生育酚乙酸酯的行为类似于一种“人工眼泪”。
应注意,所有眼膏都略微令人不适,因为它们在眼镜睁开和闭合时暂时减少泪液的流动,并且可引起视力暂时下降。
基于这些理论上的考虑,将生育酚乙酸酯局部应用在眼睛的多种病症中,并且令人惊奇地产生了显著的主观效果(明显缓解症状)和客观效果(临床改善直至愈合)。
所述病症的实例包括:流泪困难,干性角膜结膜炎,丝状角膜结膜炎,医原性角膜结膜炎,神经麻痹性角膜炎,季节性角膜炎,复发性角膜痛,因角膜异物造成的角膜去上皮形成,化学药物引起的角膜溃疡,光折射角膜切除术中和层状角膜成形术中的去上皮形成。干性角膜结膜炎,丝状角膜结膜炎,医原性角膜结膜炎
这包括多种因眼泪生产不足或病变所致的临床病症。由于角膜表面和泪膜之间的密切关系,因眼睛干燥导致发生的浅表角膜损害可使眼泪组分之一的生产不足并且改变了角膜上皮的形态学,隐形正常泪膜的稳定性,由此眼表面干燥,上皮受损且溃疡。
将维生素E乙酸酯应用在5例单纯性干性角膜结膜炎中,在5例因眼睑划痕变化的恶化所致的上皮病(epitheliopath)中,在3例因Ⅶ脑神经麻痹引起的上皮病中,和在5例夜间眼睛干燥(其中只在夜晚用药)中,每天3-5次,每次0.2ml。
在所有这些仅仅局部使用生育酚乙酸酯的病例中均产生了疗效。在48小时内,包括疼痛、异物感、畏光和流泪、有关结膜充血和明显的眼睑痉挛在内的症状消失。裂隙灯的实验显示,仅在24-28小时后氢化荧光素阳性区域上皮再形成。由于这种疾病是慢性的,所以用药持续若干个月或两年。从治疗开始时直至结束时始终表现出临床疗效。被治疗患者无一对生育酚乙酸酯表现出变应性变态反应。因暴露在物理因素下引起的角膜炎
因暴露在物理因素下所致的角膜炎溃疡由多种有关因素引起,例如倒睫、紫外线辐射、异物和隐形眼镜。
在30例暴露性角膜炎中局部涂敷维生素E乙酸酯,每天3-4次(每次0.2ml),共3天。在所有病例中,首次用药后症状消失并且在治疗的3天内角膜炎痊愈。
在倒睫中,治疗常年延续以防止可能的复发。神经麻痹性角膜炎
在5例因Ⅴ脑神经的神经麻痹所致的角膜溃疡中,向眼局部涂敷纯的生育酚乙酸酯(每天3-4次,每次0.2ml),在7天内使溃疡完全上皮再形成。在这些病例中,维生素E乙酸酯与表面抗生素(氧氟沙星)合用直至溃疡消散;所以,将维生素E乙酸酯基于每天2-3天的基础连续局部给药,以避免复发。季节性角膜结膜盐
在5例患有角膜溃疡的季节性角膜结膜炎中,局部涂敷生育酚乙酸酯(每天3-4次,每次0.2ml),与局部皮质类固醇疗法和口服乙酰水杨酸联合应用,可获得有益效果,改善与溃疡损害有关的症状,睑痉挛和粘膜分泌稠密,并且加快溃疡损害愈合,损害仅在5天内痊愈。
上述治疗需持续至溃疡愈合3天后不变。因此推荐6个月(4月至9月)内采取下列这种方式:联合抗组胺药局部涂敷生育酚乙酸酯,每天3次共7-10天并且每天2次共20-30天,此后局部涂敷抗组胺药每天2次且在夜晚入睡之前局部涂敷1次生育酚乙酸酯。
在4例季节性角膜结膜炎中,当不存在溃疡但存在Roman扁平乳头时,局部涂敷生育酚乙酸酯(每次给药0.2ml),联合局部皮质类固醇疗法,每天3次,共15天,随后与局部抗组胺药联合以逐渐递减剂量局部涂敷生育酚乙酸酯,3个病例中的乳头明显减少并且在6-7月份间1例完全消失。
上述治疗使眼中沙样的感觉和清晨醒来时眼睛的疼痛感消失,在4-9月中的临床检查中观察到显著的主观及客观(结膜变红,Roman扁平乳头的大小)改善。复发性角膜痛
将维生素E应用在5例在病变上皮机械去上皮形成后的复发性角膜痛中。每天涂敷3次(每次涂敷0.2ml),共4天,联合局部NSAID(非甾类抗炎药)。在首次用药后主诉的疼痛症状消失,并且在治疗3天后角膜上皮再形成。此后治疗再持续5天,仅在夜晚用药。化学试剂引起的角膜溃疡
在这种眼病中局部应用维生素E乙酸酯产生令人惊奇的效果。
在5例因腐蚀性物质所致的角膜溃疡中用药(每天3-4次,每天0.2ml,5-6天且随后当出现上皮再形成时仅在夜晚用药1次,3-4天):1例因与氨水接触,2例接触硫酸,2例接触苛性钠。
首次用药后立刻减轻了强烈灼烧和“眼中沙样”的主观症状;48小时内,在与氨水和硫酸接触的3例中,去上皮形成的广大区域出现完全的上皮再形成。在苛性钠灼伤的病例中,1例(其中不包括基底膜)在4内表现出上皮再形成,而另一例,虽然症状有所改善,但在3天内没有表现出任何修复;在这个病例中,需要进行手术治疗。光折射角膜切除术和层状角膜成形术中的去上皮形成
在光折射角膜切除术中,在光烧蚀之前除去上皮:局部涂敷维生素E乙酸酯(每天4次,每次0.2ml,4-5天,随后在此后的5天内减少用药至夜晚涂敷1次,用药在常年的基础上持续进行),在3天内在5个被治疗病例中获得角膜上皮再形成。在这种眼病中,令人惊奇地缓解了主观的障碍。
在层状角膜成形术中,上皮全部再生,并且修复方法可通过需干预的原发性疾病而改进。尤其是在因化学灼烧所致血管化角膜白斑的层状角膜成形术中,局部涂敷维生素E乙酸酯(每天4次,每次0.2ml,4-5天,随后在此后的5天内减少用药至夜晚涂敷1次,用药在常年的基础上持续进行)在即时的术后期(促使更快速地上皮再形成)和较晚的术后期(因改变划痕所致的流泪)中产生意外的效果。
除了手术疾病以外,证明局部应用生育酚乙酸酯也溃疡在眼粘膜干燥和瘙痒的多种病症中产生巨大的效果。阴道粘膜和外阴粘膜-皮肤接合处
在阴道粘膜和粘膜-皮肤外阴区的水平上,将生育酚乙酸酯应用在多种病例状况中,这归因于其软化、保护和润滑特性(作为软膏),其使病变上皮(作为膜分子和抗氧剂)愈合和正常化的性质,及其使外阴-阴道pH再平衡(作为弱酸)的性能。这些疾病的实例如下所述:萎缩性阴道炎
萎缩性阴道炎仅仅存在于老年妇女中,其阴道出现因进行性激素缺乏引起的生理性退化的迹象。这降低阴道壁的弹性并且使粘膜极度脆性,变薄并且在轻度损伤时易于出血,出现点状出血。症状包括灼烧感并且阴道干燥,造成交媾困难。
因其可行的保护作用和改善阴道粘膜的营养性的性能,以及复原阴道生态系的理想酸度(在生育酚乙酸酯分子中存在乙酸使分子呈弱酸性),可将生育酚乙酸酯局部应用。
在患有萎缩性阴道炎的12名妇女中,将生育酚乙酸酯以2ml的量涂敷在阴道,每天2次(每12小时),共30-4-天。在所有被治疗的情况中,在治疗结束时观察到阴道组织的生态系复原,伴随颜色变化(由浅色变为粉色),提高了组织的弹性,并且出血点消失。
此外,所有情况中出现交媾困难(性交疼痛)减轻;然而,这只在一半病例中明显减轻,使性交过程中的疼痛完全消失。子宫颈外翻
术语“外翻”是指在外子宫颈上存在腺性子宫颈内上皮。这是生理过程,可能所由于激素因子所致,引起子宫颈内上皮的肥大和增生。
腺性上皮比覆盖在外子宫颈和阴道的扁平上皮更不易抵抗创伤和感染;因此,这种病变引起子宫颈炎。存在于阴道中的大量病菌和阴道pH的酸度导致外翻的感染。
对于5名平均年龄为22岁(18-30)且患有子宫颈外翻的年轻妇女进行研究。这些妇女全部接受阴道细胞检查,阴道棉塞试验和阴道窥器检查,排除STD和癌症前期损害。将生育酚乙酸酯以2ml的量涂布在2.5cm2由海绵状材料(Spongostan)制成的表面上,将其与子宫颈接触,每周3次,共15天,以便评价对外翻炎症方面的药理学作用。
在治疗之前和之后进行的阴道窥镜检查显示,子宫颈充血和外翻的宽度明显减小,同时早期初始外周扁平组织成形。滤泡性外阴炎
这种疾病是由毛发滤泡和滤泡周组织的炎症进程导致的。其仅仅存在于有毛外阴区,引起被正常皮肤分开的小丘疹表现。
在5个病例中局部涂敷生育酚乙酸酯(1ml,每天2次),仅在用药数次后临床上明显改善。红斑性外阴炎
该疾病的特征在于外阴区域强烈变红且水肿。这种情况易于涉及在生殖器一腿间折褶和臀间折褶周围的皮肤。症状包括瘙痒和灼烧,这最初是由创伤(骑车、骑马等)或变应性变态反应(肥皂、卫生巾、衣服(pantyhose)等)造成的。
将生育酚乙酸酯局部应用于(1ml,每天2次,数天)20例红斑外阴炎中。用药仅数次后,症状明显减轻,同时在48-72小时内临床上正常化。与辐射有关的外阴炎
在放疗期间外阴受到直接辐射后可以观察到这种疾病。辐射皮肤性损害可以不同,从简单的红斑至三度烧伤,同时溃疡。
局部应用生育酚乙酸酯(1ml,每天2次)可以提供有效的医疗辅助,因其保护、屏障、缓解和上皮再形成效果。外阴前庭炎
这也涉及微乳头外阴炎。该疾病是无临床症状的乳多孔病毒感染。小阴唇内表面的光滑表观是由于粘膜增生和肥大造成的。其症状包括瘙痒和vulvodinia。
用生育酚乙酸酯(2ml,每天2次,共两周)治疗25名妇女,局部应用到外阴前庭粘膜,大约90%受试者完全消除瘙痒和外阴痛,而其余10%显示症状未改善。
生育酚乙酸酯的屏蔽和抗氧化效果,其减轻炎症症状(水肿,发红),使前庭粘膜pH再平衡,抑制霉菌发展,因此,可以促进瘙痒和vulvodinia症状消失。直肠粘膜和肛门粘膜-皮肤接合处
将生育酚乙酸酯局部涂敷在不同病症的肛门粘膜、肛周区和直肠炎中。肛门瘙痒
7名患有肛门瘙痒的患者,其在直肠检查中没有表现出可见的器官性病因,用生育酚乙酸酯治疗(0.2-0.4ml,每天2次,30天)。
在治疗结束时,被治疗患者中4人症状完全消退,但其余3名患者显示出令人满意的症状减轻。大便失禁
大便失禁分两类:轻度(或部分或偶发性)和重度。在后一情况中,无法保留很好成形的粪便。
用生育酚乙酸酯(1-2ml,每天3次,30天)治疗10名患有轻度大便失禁的患者和5名重度大便失禁的患者。
客观检查中,炎症稳定且明显减轻,显然与保护皮肤抵抗粪便刺激的作用有关。
由患有轻度类型(大便失禁)的患者观察到的疗效尤其明显,而由患有重度类型的患者获得的结果良好。溃疡性直肠炎
溃疡性直肠炎是仅仅存在于直肠中的一种溃疡性结肠炎的变型;它也可以由性行为或电离辐射的治疗引起。
溃疡性直肠炎的特征包括轻度直肠出血,同时组织亮红色,收敛且左四分体中痉挛疼痛。
用生育酚乙酸酯治疗5名患放疗后直肠炎的患者;生育酚乙酸酯以在微栓中0.8ml的量给药,每天2次,共30天。
患者全部获得轻度至良好的疗效。内窥镜检查显示,总体方面得到改善,同时不存在腐蚀性损害和低脆性,但生长不足症状仍然存在。直肠脱垂
用维生素E乙酸酯治疗(0.6-0.8ml,每天2次)5名患直肠脱垂的患者,他们患有有关粘膜的炎症、糜烂和皲裂。
早在首个若干天内就产生了良好的主观效果,同时疼痛、灼烧和烦恼明显减轻。
客观上,15天后检查显示盐渍明显减轻且粘膜糜烂和皲裂消失。
在所有对象中持续多月(最多达2年)的治疗确保维持获得的疗效,脱垂粘膜的炎症或糜烂未复发。
最后,生育酚乙酸酯的局部应用在若干个直肠粘膜干燥和瘙痒症状中提供了显著的缓解作用。鼻粘膜和鼻前庭粘膜-皮肤接合处
在鼻粘膜的水平,显示出局部应用生育酚乙酸酯适用于多种病理状况,其中一些举例说明。包膜鼻炎
在鼻腔的许多来源和类型不同的炎症过程中,结痂分泌物或血清-血液凝块存在于自身腔体内。这些疾病包括感染性鼻炎、轻度复发性鼻出血(衄血)、增殖腺切除术后状态、轻微创伤(手指在鼻内造成的创伤,尤其是儿童)。
在50例包膜鼻炎中,局部应用生育酚乙酸酯(0.2ml,每天2-3次)2-4天,显示出疗效,促进结痂和/或凝块消失鼻腔保护鼻粘膜。伴随有皲裂的湿疹性鼻前庭炎
在伴随有皲裂的鼻前庭湿疹是极性或慢性鼻炎过程的结果,其渗出物刺激前庭的内里皮肤。
在100例前庭湿疹(几乎所有都是普通感冒的结果)中应用维生素E乙酸酯,因为其软化、保护和水平再形成作用,在48小时内皲裂小时鼻腔在3-6天内湿疹性皮肤正常化。鼻出血
鼻出血是由于不同原因使鼻粘膜血管的破裂造成的。
可能时,鼻出血溃疡利用病因疗法和适合的局部疗法治疗。
在复发的轻微鼻出血情况中,局部应用生育酚乙酸酯似乎是有效的辅助治疗,这归功于其润滑、保护和富营养化作用。
将生育酚乙酸酯(0.2ml,每天2-3次,15天)应用于20名因反复将手指插入鼻腔的恶习所致创伤引起的轻微鼻出血儿童。所有病例中鼻出血发作消失。窦位脉管曲张
窦位(Locus Valsalvae)的脉管曲张是鼻出血的常见原因,尤其是儿童。这些脉管曲张烧灼术在幼儿中不常进行,因为存在式鼻隔医原性穿孔的危险。
将生育酚乙酸酯局部涂敷在60名(年龄在2至6岁间)患有窦位脉管曲张和复发性鼻出血的儿童的鼻隔粘膜上6个月(0.2ml,每天2-3次)。在所有病例中,在治疗期间鼻出血发作减少,最佳为消失,鼻腔临床检查显示鼻粘膜的生态系和目测的脉管本身都得以改善。
当局部应用时,生育酚乙酸酯似乎对鼻粘膜的水平产生富营养化和保护作用,这对于预防在静脉曲张病变存在中可导致划痕和鼻出血的刺激(尤其是在儿童中)特别重要。所述富营养化和保护作用在那些特征为鼻粘膜干燥和瘙痒的病症中也证明有效。局部异物所致鼻粘膜溃疡
儿童常常使不同来源的异物进入其鼻内,它们引起鼻粘膜溃疡性损害。
将生育酚乙酸酯(0.2ml,每天2-3次)局部涂敷在15名患有异物所致鼻溃疡的儿童,共7天。在所有病例中,在治疗7天后对照发现溃疡消失。
局部营养生育酚乙酸酯的效果在生殖器疱疹的病例中也很明显。生殖器疱疹
将维生素E局部涂敷在20名(10名男子和10名女子)患有生殖器疱疹的患者(年龄在16-45岁间)。
在17例中,以每天至少3次,每次0.2-0.4ml的量营养维生素E乙酸酯获得显著的改善。
当维生素E乙酸酯应用于疾病的最先症状时(瘙痒、感觉异常或灼烧,初始小水疱),发现未出现水庖(如果开始不存在),或它们自1-3天内发展为结痂阶段(如果开始时存在水庖),同时确定地加快了复原。
当将维生素E乙酸酯应用于已经建立成熟(多个水庖已存在1-2天)的疱疹性疾病时,不会再有新水庖出现并且现存的损害停止生长,同时加快向结痂阶段发展(1或2天)。
此外,用药后与疱疹表观有关的灼烧和/或瘙痒的主观症状立刻消失。
仅在1个病例中,维生素E乙酸酯的用药没有改变疱疹表观的正常过程,并且没有使有关主观症状减弱。
在2个病例中,对维生素E乙酸酯用药的缺乏临床反应似乎与给药次数不够有关,因为当在数天内增加给药次数时,迅速复原。
Claims (23)
1.选自维生素E及其酯的化合物在制备用于局部治疗粘膜疾病的药物中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述化合物是维生素E与式R-COOH的羧酸形成的酯,其中R是含有1-19个碳原子的烷基、烯基或炔基残基。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其中所述羧酸选自乙酸、正丙酸、琥珀酸和亚油酸。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其中所述化合物是维生素E乙酸酯。
5.按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的应用,其中所述疾病感染口腔粘膜。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其中所述疾病包括口疮性溃疡、口炎、舌炎和口腔粘膜的干燥和瘙痒。
7.按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的应用,其中所述疾病感染眼粘膜。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其中所述疾病包括流泪困难、角膜结膜炎、角膜炎、角膜痛、角膜溃疡、角膜去上皮形成,眼粘膜干燥和瘙痒。
9.按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的应用,其中所述疾病涉及阴道粘膜。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其中所述疾病包括萎缩性阴道炎、子宫颈外翻、阴道粘膜的干燥和瘙痒。
11.按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的应用,其中所述疾病感染外阴粘膜-皮肤接合处并且包括滤泡性外阴炎、红斑外阴炎、与辐射有关的外阴炎。
12.按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的应用,其中所述疾病感染鼻粘膜和鼻前庭粘膜-皮肤接合处,并且包括包膜鼻炎、鼻前庭炎、鼻出血、窦位脉管曲张,鼻粘膜的干燥和瘙痒。
13.按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的应用,其中所述疾病感染直肠粘膜和肛门粘膜-皮肤接合处,并且包括肛门瘙痒、大便失禁、直肠炎、溃疡性直肠炎、直肠脱垂、直肠粘膜的干燥和瘙痒。
14.按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的应用,其中所述疾病包括生殖器疱疹。
15.按照权利要求1-14任一项所述的应用,其中所述化合物是所述药物的制备中所用的唯一活性物质。
16.如权利要求15所述的应用,其中所述化合物是在所述药物的制备中所用的唯一成分。
17.按照权利要求1-14任一项所述的应用,其中在所述药物的制备中,除了所述化合物以外还采用至少一种其它活性物质。
18.一种用于局部治疗粘膜疾病的药物组合物,该组合物是由选自维生素E及其酯的化合物和至少一种选自甾类和非甾类抗炎剂、抗生素、抗真菌剂和激素的活性物质组成。
19.如权利要求18所述的药物组合物,其中所述粘膜是眼粘膜、直肠粘膜、阴道粘膜、鼻粘膜和口腔粘膜。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的组合物,其中所述化合物是维生素E乙酸酯。
21.一种用于治疗粘膜疾病的药物组合物,该组合物含有可药用载体,一种选自维生素E及其酯的化合物,和任选的至少一种选自甾类和非甾类抗炎剂、抗生素、抗真菌剂和激素的活性物质。
22.如权利要求21所述的药物组合物,其中所述化合物是维生素E乙酸酯。
23.按照权利要求21和22任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于是栓剂形式。
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IT98MI001586A ITMI981586A1 (it) | 1998-07-10 | 1998-07-10 | Vitamina e e suoi esteri per l'uso nel trattamento topico di patologie delle mucose |
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AU (1) | AU762860B2 (zh) |
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ES (1) | ES2196813T3 (zh) |
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NO (1) | NO20006719L (zh) |
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PT (1) | PT1094807E (zh) |
RU (2) | RU2221561C2 (zh) |
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CN102238949A (zh) * | 2008-10-09 | 2011-11-09 | 拉姆斯科股份有限公司 | 治疗干眼综合征的组合物和方法 |
CN107468648A (zh) * | 2008-10-09 | 2017-12-15 | 拉姆斯科股份有限公司 | 治疗干眼综合征的组合物和方法 |
CN107438429A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2017-12-05 | 拜洛嘉有限责任公司 | 用于增加鼻粘膜的营养作用的药物组合物 |
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DE69907193T2 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
ES2196813T3 (es) | 2003-12-16 |
NO20006719L (no) | 2001-02-16 |
CZ200136A3 (cs) | 2001-08-15 |
EP1094807A1 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
RU2003128023A (ru) | 2005-04-10 |
EP1094807B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
ITMI981586A0 (it) | 1998-07-10 |
BR9911945A (pt) | 2001-03-27 |
HU228921B1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
DE69907193D1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
ITMI981586A1 (it) | 2000-01-10 |
TR200100014T2 (tr) | 2001-06-21 |
RU2221561C2 (ru) | 2004-01-20 |
NO20006719D0 (no) | 2000-12-29 |
SK352001A3 (en) | 2001-06-11 |
NZ509129A (en) | 2003-10-31 |
JP2002520281A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
DK1094807T3 (da) | 2003-08-11 |
IL140759A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
AU4385899A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
ATE238051T1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
AU762860B2 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
CZ301019B6 (cs) | 2009-10-14 |
SK284464B6 (sk) | 2005-04-01 |
WO2000002554A1 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
HUP0102781A3 (en) | 2002-04-29 |
CA2336990A1 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
PT1094807E (pt) | 2003-08-29 |
TR200103710T2 (tr) | 2002-06-21 |
HUP0102781A2 (hu) | 2001-12-28 |
CN1135975C (zh) | 2004-01-28 |
PL345500A1 (en) | 2001-12-17 |
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