CN1305342A - 降低高半胱氨酸和c-反应蛋白水平的方法 - Google Patents
降低高半胱氨酸和c-反应蛋白水平的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1305342A CN1305342A CN99807136A CN99807136A CN1305342A CN 1305342 A CN1305342 A CN 1305342A CN 99807136 A CN99807136 A CN 99807136A CN 99807136 A CN99807136 A CN 99807136A CN 1305342 A CN1305342 A CN 1305342A
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Abstract
本发明涉及降低人体高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白水平的方法,包括将有效量式Ⅰ化合物、或其药用盐或溶剂化物给予其需要哺乳动物。
Description
本发明涉及医用化学、心血管生理学和药理学学科。具体地说,本发明涉及通过给予某些2-芳基-3-芳酰基苯并[b]噻吩来减少与高半胱氨酸和C-反应蛋白水平升高有关的心血管疾病及其它相关症状的已知危险因子。
心血管疾病在美国是主要死亡原因,对许多人来说,它还是疾病、医疗费用、经济损失的一个主要原因。心血管疾病中最普遍和具破坏性的两个方面是动脉粥样硬化的出现和血栓形成(thromboliticevent)发生。
近年来,在治疗心血管疾病中取得了很大的进展。该进展的实现不仅是因为在疾病机制中治疗干预的进步,而且还因为能对有患病危险的病人进行早期诊断。实际上,患者患病危险的鉴定和早期治疗是现代医疗实践中的重要特点。在过去的二十年中,以鉴定了各种危险因子及临床参数,这些危险因子及临床参数与当前状态或与将发生心血管疾病可能性有关。这些危险因子可包括可测量的生化或生理参数例如血清胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、纤维蛋白水平等,或者生活方式中的各种行为例如肥胖、吸烟等。(更详细的资料参阅:“老年人心血管疾病的危险因子”,Kannel W.,Coronary Artery disease,8:565-575,1997和其中引用的参考文献。)与本发明最密切相关的危险因子是高半胱氨酸和C-反应蛋白水平。
可测定参数或危险因子和疾病状态之间的内在联系并不总是清晰的。换句话说,是否危险因子本身是病因或者对疾病有作用,或者相反是疾病征兆的附属反映,这些关系并不总是很清晰。因此,作用于危险因子的治疗模式可能直接改变疾病的病理机制和它将来的病程,或者也可能间接对和疾病相关的一些影响过程有利。
另外,许多和心血管疾病相关的危险因子参与病因或者指征性作用中的其它一些病理状态。因此,在心血管疾病中某一特定危险因子改善可对其它与其相关的疾病产生其它有利影响。例如,已知几种情况都与高半胱氨酸水平异常升高有关,包括遗传缺陷、绝经、高胆固醇血症、吸烟、高血压、肾功能衰竭、以及维生素B6、B12和叶酸缺乏。
对本发明方法来说,特别重要的是减少与高半胱氨酸和C-反应蛋白水平异常升高有关的心血管危险因子。在许多临床研究中已显示,血中高半胱氨酸水平升高和心血管疾病呈正相关。而且,患有导致高半胱氨酸升高(高半胱氨酸血症)的病人,早期发生心血管疾病和其它病理状态尤其是眼疾患、骨胳和牙周异常、中枢神经系统紊乱等大大增加。
高半高氨酸也是见于谷胱甘肽、蛋氨酸及半胱氨酸氨基酸合成相关生化途径中的中间体。高半胱氨酸水平异常升高说明这些氨基酸生化合成中存在代谢紊乱,因此就预示和这些氨基酸水平异常低下有关的疾病状态。例如,已知谷胱甘肽具有生物保护性抗氧化性质,例如保护单核细胞和巨噬细胞免受氧化的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)损伤的细胞保护作用。氧化的低密度脂蛋白对单核细胞和巨噬细胞的氧化作用被认为是动脉粥样硬化损伤的病理机制。
C-反应蛋白是肝脏在应答细胞因子产生中产生的。作为人体炎性反应的一部分产生细胞因子。因此,C-反应蛋白水平是全身炎症活动的标志。慢性炎症被认为是心血管疾病中潜在而持续的病理之一。
绝经时,随着雌激素的减少,妇女心血管疾病的患病率上升。同时,心血管疾病的危险因子也增加,特别是脂类(胆固醇和甘油酯)、高半胱氨酸和C-反应蛋白的水平。当今,在绝经后妇女预防心血管疾病最普遍的方法是激素替代疗法(HRT)。但是,许多妇女对这种疗法并不适应,原因是令人不舒服的副反应如胃胀气、月经的恢复、乳房触痛、害怕患子宫和乳房癌等。另外,尽管激素替代疗法(HRT)的确降低了胆固醇和高半胱氨酸水平,但是激素替代疗法同时升高C-反应蛋白水平。一种能同时降低这几种危险因子的新的治疗剂将是有益的。
其中:
R1和R3独立为氢、甲基、苯甲酰基、取代的苯甲酰基或C(O)-(C1-C6烷基);
R2选自吡咯烷-1-基、哌啶-1-基和六亚甲基亚胺-1-基;其中所述R2基团任选为N氧化。
此外,本发明涉及抑制过量高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白引起的病症或有害作用的方法由,包括给其需要患者有效量的式Ⅰ化合物或其药用盐或溶剂化物。
本发明涉及以下发现:一组选择的2-芳基-3-芳酰基苯并[b]噻吩即式Ⅰ化合物可用于降低高半胱氨酸和C-反应蛋白水平。
本文使用的术语“有效量”是指化合物Ⅰ的量能降低高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白水平,和/或能抑制由过量高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白引起的病症和有害作用。
术语“雌激素缺乏”是指天然出现或临床引起的病症,在此情况下妇女不能产生足够的雌激素维持雌激素依赖性功能,例如月经、骨质的自身稳定、神经功能、心血管机能等。此类雌激素缺乏状态源于但不限于下述原因:绝经、外科或化学性卵巢切除,包括其同等功能如用GnRH激动剂和拮抗剂ICI182780的药物处理等。
在抑制过量高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白引起的病症和有害作用的文中的术语“抑制”包括其一般接受的意思,例如阻止、抑制、减轻、改善、减慢、阻断或逆转高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白增加的进程或严重性以及所述事件引起的病理后遗症即症状。
描述本文化合物中使用的一般术语均为其通常意思。例如“C1-C6烷基”是指1-6碳原子的直链、支链或环状脂肪族链,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异-丙基、环丙基、正-丁基、戊基、己基等。
术语“取代的苯甲酰基”指含有1-5个取代基的苯甲酰基,所述取代基选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氯基、氟基或三(氯或氟)甲基。
术语“药用”当为形容词时,是指对接受者基本上无毒和基本上无害。
“药用制剂”它还指所述载体、溶剂、赋形剂以及盐必须和所述制剂中的活性成分(式Ⅰ化合物)相容。
术语“酸加成盐”是指式Ⅰ化合物的盐是通过Ⅰ化合物和一种无机酸或有机酸反应制得。药用酸加成盐的范例参见如Berge.S.M,Bighley,L.D.,和Monkhouse,D.C.,Pharm.Sci.,66:1,1977。
术语“溶剂化物”代表一种聚集体,它包含单或多摩尔的溶质(例如式Ⅰ化合物)和单或多摩尔的药用溶剂,例如水、乙醇等。
本发明提供的方法可用于治疗和预防与高半胱氨酸水平升高有关的病理(高半胱氨酸血症)。本发明的方法可抑制的与高半胱氨酸血症有关的有害后遗症包括但不限于眼疾病(晶状体异位、近视、视网膜脱离、青光眼)、骨骼疾病(脊柱侧凸、细长指(趾)、骨质疏松症)、中枢神经系统的缺陷以及类似疾病。
本发明提供的方法对与C-反应蛋白水平升高的有关的有害后遗症的治疗和预防均有作用。因为C-反应蛋白血清浓度和细胞因子的产生及水平有关,细胞因子特别在炎症过程中产生,所以本发明的方法可用于治疗和预防炎症发生及其后遗症。这类炎性疾病包括但不限于关节炎(骨关节炎和类风湿性关节炎)、动脉和静脉慢性炎症、自身免疫性疾病如系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)等。
本发明的方法可用于治疗或预防动脉粥样硬化或血栓形成性疾病的病理后遗症。这类病症包括但不限于中风、循环功能不全、局部缺血、心肌梗塞、肺部血栓栓塞、稳定及不稳定型心绞痛、冠状动脉疾病、猝死综合征以及类似疾病。
本发明进一步考虑了联合应用式Ⅰ化合物和目前临床治疗上给予的其它有关药物以治疗在本发明中具体描述的病理状态。
此外,本发明考虑到式Ⅰ化合物的使用模式为治疗或预防性应用。
本发明的一个优选实施方案是使用式化合物的患者是女性,更优选为所述女性患者是雌激素缺乏者。
本发明另一个优选实施方案是由高半胱氨酸或C-反应蛋白水平异常升高引起的病症为心血管疾病、特别是动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成。本发明特别优选的实施方案是在雌激素缺乏的妇女使用式Ⅰ化合物,该妇女接受雌激素或激素替代疗法以减轻全身或局部炎症。
此外,本发明另一优选实施方案是使用式Ⅰ化合物的药用酸加成盐,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物中R1和R3为H,而R2为吡咯烷-1-基。更优选所述盐为盐酸盐。此更优选化合物名称为[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-吡咯烷基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮(methanone)盐酸盐。
本发明一个甚至更优选的实施方案是采用式Ⅰ化合物的药用酸加成盐,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物中R1和R3为H,R2为哌啶-1-基。更优选该盐为盐酸盐。此最优选化合物名称为[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基(piperidinyl))乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐或雷洛昔芬盐酸盐。
R和/或R3为H或甲基的式Ⅰ化合物可以根据已知方法制备,所述已知方法例如详述于美国专利第4,133,814、4,418,068和5,731,342号中的方法,每一专利内容通过引用结合到本文中。通过美国专利第5,393,763号的叙述的方法,式Ⅰ化合物的醋酸酯(R1和/或R3是C(O)-(C1-C6烷基)、苯甲酰基或取代的苯甲酰基)可以由R和/或R3为H的式Ⅰ化合物来制备,所述专利方法内容通过引用结合到本文中。
本发明的药用酸加成盐一般是使式Ⅰ化合物和等摩尔或过量的酸反应形成。所述反应物一般在一共同的溶剂中化合,例如在乙醚、四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、苯及类似溶剂中。通常所述盐在大约1小时到约10天内从溶液中沉淀析出,并可以通过过滤或其它常规方法分离。
通常用于形成酸加成盐的酸是无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、磷酸等,以及有机酸例如对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、草酸、对-溴苯磺酸、碳酸、琥珀酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸、苯甲酸、醋酸以及类似有机酸。
药用制剂可以用本领域已知的方法制备,例如载于EP公开申请670162A1(1995年9月6日公开)以及WO 97/35571(1997年10月2日公开)中的方法,两者的方法均通过引用结合到本文中。例如,式Ⅰ化合物可与普通赋形剂、稀释剂或载体配方并制成片剂、胶囊剂及类似制剂。
适合制剂的赋形剂、稀释剂和载体的实例包括如下:填充剂和补充剂例如淀粉、糖类、甘露糖醇和硅衍生物;粘合剂,例如羧甲基纤维素和其它纤维素衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;润湿剂,例如甘油;崩解剂,例如琼脂、碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠;延缓溶出剂,例如石蜡;吸收促进剂,例如季铵类化合物;表面活性剂,例如鲸蜡醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯;吸附载体,例如高岭土和皂土;润滑剂,例如滑石粉、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸镁以及固体聚乙二醇。最终的药用剂型根据使用的赋形剂类型可以为:丸剂、片剂、粉剂、锭剂、糖浆剂、气雾剂、Saches、扁囊剂、酏剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、软膏剂、栓剂、无菌注射液或无菌包装的粉剂。
此外,本化合物非常适合制成缓释剂型。所述制剂也可以配制成使得药物只在或最好在肠道的某一特定部分释放活性成分,并且尽可能持续释放一段时间。这类制剂可能涉及包衣、成膜或保护性的基质(matrice),这些都可以采用聚合物或蜡来制成。
降低高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白水平所需要的的根据本发明的式Ⅰ化合物的特定剂量将依据将治疗的病症的特定情况来决定。考虑的因素例如剂型、给药途径以及给药频率最好由主治医生来决定。一般说来,式Ⅰ化合物口服或胃肠外给药的最小有效剂量大约为1、5、10、15或20mg。有效最大剂量通常大约为800、120、60、50或40mg。每天通过口服给药途径的特别有效剂量是60mg雷洛昔芬盐酸盐(56mg游离碱)。这样的剂量以每天一到三次给予需要治疗的病人,或者根据有效降低高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白水平和/或抑制由于过量高半胱氨酸和/或C-反应蛋白引起的病症或有害作用的需要来调整给药频率。
下述制剂是为了说明本发明而不是欲以任何方式限制本发明。在这些制剂中所述活性物质占所述制剂的0.1%到99.9%(重量)。术语“活性成分”是指式Ⅰ化合物或其药用盐或溶剂化物(最好是雷洛昔芬盐酸盐)。式Ⅰ化合物甚至更优选的制剂是特定晶型、粒子粒径的雷洛昔芬盐酸盐和组合物,所述组合物说明于美国专利第5,731,327号和PCT申请WO 97/35571(1997年10月2日)中,所述各专利内容均通过引用结合到本文中。
制剂1
明胶胶囊
成分 数量(mg服囊)
活性成分 50-600
淀粉NF 0-500
可流动淀粉粉末 0-500
硅氧烷流体(350厘沲) 0-15
将上述组分混合,过45号目美国筛,并装入硬明胶胶囊即得。
制剂2
片剂
成分 数量(mg/片)
活性成分 50-600
淀粉 10-50
微晶纤维素 10-20
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 5
(为10%水溶液)
羧甲基纤维素钠 5
硬脂酸镁 1
滑石粉 1-5
将所述活性成分、淀粉和纤维素过45号目美国筛,然后充分混合。将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液与所得的粉混合,然后将其过14号目美国筛。使由此产生的颗粒在50-60℃下干燥,然后过18号目美国筛。将已过60号目美国筛的羧甲基纤维素钠、硬脂酸镁以及滑石粉加入到上述颗粒中,并充分混合。将所得物质在制片机中压制成片。
制剂3
气雾剂
成分 重量%
活性成分 0.50
乙醇 29.50
抛射剂22 70.00
(氯二氟甲烷)
将活性成分和乙醇混合,然后将混合物加入到部分抛射剂22中,冷却到-30℃,再转移至装填装置中。然后把所需要的用量送料到不锈钢容器中,用余下的抛射剂22进行稀释。最后在容器上安装阀门装置。
制剂4
悬浮剂
成分 重量/体积
活性成分 100mg
羧甲基纤维素钠 50mg
糖浆 1.25ml
苯甲酸溶液(0.1M) 0.10ml
调味剂 q.v
色素 q.v
纯化水加到 5ml
各悬浮剂每5ml剂量含100mg式Ⅰ化合物,如下制备:将活性成分通过45号目美国筛,并和羧甲基纤维素钠、糖浆混合形成均匀糊状物。然后将苯甲酸溶液、调味剂和色素水稀释液加入,并在搅拌下充分混合。加入另外的水使整个混合物达到所需的体积。
本发明的方法的下述示范是举例说明,而并非欲以任何方式限制本发明范围。
进行了一项临床研究,该研究包括390名绝经后平均10年的妇女(45-72岁)。这些患者随机接受下述治疗方案:口服雷洛昔芬盐酸盐60mg/日(参照上述制剂2)、雷洛昔芬120mg/日或HRT疗法。在治疗开始前测定高半胱氨酸和C-反应蛋白基础水平。这样的测定方法是众所周知的,而且在前面引述的参考文献中能找到。这项研究进行了六个月。在六个月结束时,将每位患者的高半胱氨酸和C-反应蛋白水平和其基础水平进行比较。结果通过方差进行分析。60mg/日雷洛昔芬治疗的患者高半胱氨酸水平降低8%(P<0.05),而C-反应蛋白水平降低4%(NS)。120mg/日雷洛昔芬治疗的高半胱氨酸水平降低5.7%(P<0.05),而C-反应蛋白水平降低-3.9%(NS)。HRT治疗的高半胱氨酸水平降低了6.6%(P<0.05),但是C-反应蛋白水平却升高了84.1%(P<0.05)。
Claims (12)
4.按照权利要求1-3中任一项的用途,其中所述人类患者为女性。
5.按照权利要求4的用途,其中所述女性患者为雌激素缺乏者。
6.按照权利要求5的用途,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物为药用酸加成盐,R1和R3为H,R2为哌啶-1基。
7.按照权利要求6的用途,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物是盐酸盐。
8.按照权利要求5的用途,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物为药用酸加成盐,R1和R3为H,R2为吡咯烷-1基。
9.按照权利要求8的用途,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物是盐酸盐。
10.按照权利要求3的用途,其中所述人类患者为雌激素缺乏的女性患者且所抑制的病症是动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成。
11.按照权利要求10的用途,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物为药用酸加成盐,R1和R3为H,R2为哌啶-1基。
12.按照权利要求11的用途,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物是盐酸盐。
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US7196093B2 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2007-03-27 | General Atomics | Reversible inhibitors of SAH hydrolase and uses thereof |
US7868011B2 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2011-01-11 | General Atomics | Use of reversible inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase for treating lupus |
US7517887B2 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2009-04-14 | General Atomics | Reversible inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and uses thereof |
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US4133814A (en) | 1975-10-28 | 1979-01-09 | Eli Lilly And Company | 2-Phenyl-3-aroylbenzothiophenes useful as antifertility agents |
US4380635A (en) | 1981-04-03 | 1983-04-19 | Eli Lilly And Company | Synthesis of acylated benzothiophenes |
US4418068A (en) | 1981-04-03 | 1983-11-29 | Eli Lilly And Company | Antiestrogenic and antiandrugenic benzothiophenes |
US5075321A (en) | 1987-03-24 | 1991-12-24 | University Of Pennsylvania | Methods of treating diseases characterized by interactions of IgG-containing immune complexes with macrophage Fc receptors using antiestrogenic benzothiophenes |
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US5482949A (en) | 1993-03-19 | 1996-01-09 | Eli Lilly And Company | Sulfonate derivatives of 3-aroylbenzo[b]thiophenes |
US5445941A (en) | 1993-06-21 | 1995-08-29 | Eli Lilly And Company | Method for screening anti-osteoporosis agents |
US5441947A (en) | 1993-08-25 | 1995-08-15 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods of inhibiting vascular restenosis |
US5441965A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1995-08-15 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods of inhibiting thrombin |
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