CN1284951A - 用于治疗cns病症的三嗪化合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗cns病症的三嗪化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1284951A CN1284951A CN98813745A CN98813745A CN1284951A CN 1284951 A CN1284951 A CN 1284951A CN 98813745 A CN98813745 A CN 98813745A CN 98813745 A CN98813745 A CN 98813745A CN 1284951 A CN1284951 A CN 1284951A
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Abstract
式(Ⅰ)的化合物及其药学上可接受的前体药物、盐和溶剂化物。
Description
本发明涉及用于治疗中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病和病症的三嗪化合物和其药学上可接受的衍生物、含有它们的药用组合物、其在治疗这类疾病中的用途以及制备方法。
EP-A-0021121和EP-A-0247892描述了3,5-二氨基三嗪,例如在治疗CNS病症中有活性而且尤其可用于治疗癫痫的3,5-二氨基-6-(2,3-二氯代苯基)-1,2,4-三嗪(拉莫三嗪)。
本发明涉及为钠通道阻滞剂的5-氨基三嗪衍生物。该化合物是一种令人惊奇的有效抗痉挛剂,相对于拉莫三嗪而言其效力增强和在CNS副作用和抑制二氢叶酸盐还原酶方面其选择性增强。所以,该化合物可用于治疗CNS疾病如癫痫。
药学上可接受的衍生物是指式(Ⅰ)化合物的任何药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物、或在给予接受者时能够提供(直接或间接)式(Ⅰ)化合物或其活性代谢产物或残留物的任何化合物(例如前体药物)。此后论及式(Ⅰ)化合物包括式(Ⅰ)化合物及其药学上可接受的衍生物。
式(Ⅰ)化合物的合适的药学上可接受的盐包括与无机酸或有机酸、优选无机酸形成的酸加成盐如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐和硫酸盐。
合适的前体药物是本领域公知的并包括例如在式(Ⅰ)化合物的四个氮原子中的任何一个上的N-酰基衍生物,例如单酰基衍生物如乙酰基、丙酰基等衍生物或基团如R-O-CH2-氮或R-O-C(O)-氮。
式(Ⅰ)化合物尤其可用作抗痉挛剂。因此,它们可用于治疗癫痫。它们可以用来改善患有癫痫的患者(通常为人类)的病况。它们可用来缓解患者的癫痫症状。“癫痫”包括以下发作:-单纯部分性发作,复杂部分性发作,继发性全身性发作,包括失神发作、肌阵挛性发作、阵挛性发作、强直性发作、强直阵挛性发作和失张性发作的全身性发作。
式(Ⅰ)化合物另外还可用于治疗双相情感障碍,或者称为躁狂抑郁症。可以治疗Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型双相情感障碍。所以,式(Ⅰ)化合物可以用来改善双相情感障碍病人的病况。它们可以用来缓解患者的双相情感障碍症状。式(Ⅰ)化合物也可以用来治疗单相抑郁症。
式(Ⅰ)化合物可用作镇痛剂。因此,它们可以用来治疗或防止疼痛。它们可以用来改善疼痛患者通常为人类的病况。它们可以用来缓解患者的疼痛。所以,式(Ⅰ)化合物可以用作首先的镇痛剂以治疗急性疼痛如肌肉骨骼疼痛、手术后疼痛和外科疼痛,慢性疼痛如慢性炎症疼痛(例如类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎),神经病理性疼痛(例如疱疹后疼痛、三叉神经痛和交感神经性持续疼痛(sympatheticallymaintained pain))以及伴随肿瘤和fibromyalgia的疼痛。式(Ⅰ)化合物也可以用于治疗或防止偏头痛伴随的疼痛。
式(Ⅰ)化合物还可用于治疗包括非溃疡性消化不良的功能性肠病症、非心源性胸痛并可特别用于治疗应激性结肠综合征。应激性结肠综合征是一种胃肠道病症,其特征为腹痛和排便习惯改变,但没有任何器质性疾病的证据。因此,式(Ⅰ)化合物可以用来缓解应激性结肠综合征伴随的疼痛。患有应激性结肠综合征的病人的病况因此可以得到改善。
式(Ⅰ)化合物也可以用来治疗神经变性性疾病如阿尔茨海默氏病、ALS、运动神经元病、帕金森病、肌肉硬化、黄斑变性和青光眼。式(Ⅰ)化合物也可以用于神经保护和用于治疗中风、心搏停止、肺分流术、创伤性脑损伤、脊髓损伤等后的神经变性。
式(Ⅰ)化合物还可用于治疗耳鸣。
式(Ⅰ)化合物甚至还可用于防止或减轻对诱导依赖性药物的依赖性,或防止或减轻对诱导依赖性药物的耐受性或反转对诱导依赖性药物的耐受性。诱导依赖性药物的实例包括阿片样物质类(例如吗啡)、CNS抑制剂(例如乙醇)、精神兴奋药(例如可卡因)和尼古丁。
因此,本发明还提供式(Ⅰ)化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物用于人类医学和兽医学的用途。
所以,本发明还提供式(Ⅰ)化合物在生产用于治疗基本上如前所述的病症的药物中的用途。
本发明还包括治疗患有或易患基本上如前所述的疾病的患者的方法,该方法包括给予所述患者治疗有效量的式(Ⅰ)化合物。
本文所用的术语“治疗”包括确定的疾病的治疗,而且也包括确定疾病的预防。
将式(Ⅰ)化合物给予患者、尤其是人类患者的准确量由主治医师负责。然而,所用的剂量取决于许多因素,包括患者的年龄、性别、待治疗的确切病症及其严重程度、和给药途径。
按游离碱计,式(Ⅰ)化合物可以以0.1-10mg/kg体重/天的剂量给予患者,更具体为0.33mg/kg体重/天。按游离碱计,成人剂量范围一般为8-1000mg/天,如35-800mg/天、优选10-200mg/天或20-200mg/天。
式(Ⅰ)化合物及其药学上可接受的衍生物可以以药物组合物的形式方便地给药。因此,在本发明的另一方面中,我们提供适用于人类医学或兽医学的含有式(Ⅰ)化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物的药物组合物。可以方便地提供这类以与一种或多种生理学可接受的载体或赋形剂混合的组合物以常规方式使用。
尽管将式(Ⅰ)化合物以原料化学物质给予也是可能的,但是最好是以药用制剂给予式(Ⅰ)化合物。本发明制剂包括其式(Ⅰ)化合物和一种或多种可接受的载体或稀释剂以及任选其它的治疗成分。所述载体在可与所述制剂的其它成分配伍和对其接受者无害的意义上必须是“可接受的”。
所述制剂包括适用于口服、胃肠外(包括皮下如皮下注射或皮下贮存片、皮内、鞘内、肌内如肌内贮存以及静脉内)、直肠和局部(包括皮肤、口颊和舌下)给药的各种制剂,尽管最适合的给药途径可能取决于例如接受者的病况和病症。所述制剂可以方便地以单位剂型提供,并可以用药学领域公知的任何方法制备。所有这些方法包括的步骤有:使式(Ⅰ)化合物或其药学上可接受的酸加成盐(“活性成分”)与包括一种或多种辅助成分的载体混合。一般来说,通过使所述活性成分与液体载体或磨碎的固体载体或它们两者均匀密切地混合,然后,如果必要,把所述产物成型为所需要的制剂,从而制备所述制剂。
适于口服给药的本发明的制剂可以是:独立的单位如胶囊剂、扁囊剂或片剂(例如特别适于儿科给药的咀嚼片剂),每个单位含有预定量的所述活性成分;散剂或颗粒剂;溶液剂或在水性或非水性液体中的悬浮液;水包油乳液或油包水乳液。所述活性成分也可以是大丸剂、药糖剂或糊剂。
片剂可以通过任选与一种或多种辅助成分压制或模塑制得。通过在合适的机器中将任选与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、隔离剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合的自由流动形式(如粉或颗粒)的活性成分压制制备压制片。通过在合适的机器中将用惰性液体稀释剂湿润的粉状化合物的混合物模塑制备模制片。所述药片可任选包衣或刻痕,并可以配制使得缓慢或控制释放其中的活性成分。
胃肠外给药的制剂包括可含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和使所述制剂与预定的接受者的血液等渗的溶质的水性或非水性无菌注射液;和可包括悬浮剂和增稠剂的水性或非水性无菌悬浮液。所述制剂可以以单剂量或多剂量容器如密封的安瓿和管制瓶供给,并可以贮藏在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下,只需要在使用前即刻加入无菌液体载体如注射用水。由上述类型的无菌粉、颗粒和片可以制备临时配制的注射液和悬浮液。
直肠给药的制剂可以以含有常用载体如可可脂、硬脂或聚乙二醇的栓剂的形式提供。
口腔局部给药如口颊或舌下的制剂包括在一种调味基质如蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶或西黄蓍胶中含有活性成分的糖锭剂和在一种基质如明胶和甘油或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶中含有活性成分的软锭剂。
本发明化合物也可以配制成贮存制剂。这类长效制剂可以通过植入(例如皮下或肌肉内)或肌内注射给药。因此,例如,可以将本发明化合物用合适的聚合物或疏水物质(例如以在一种可接受的油中的乳液)或离子交换树脂、或者以略溶的衍生物(如略溶的盐)来配制。
除了上述特别述及的成分外,所述制剂可以包括本领域关于所述制剂类型常规的其它试剂,例如适于口服给药的制剂可以包括调味剂。
如上所述,优选的单位剂量制剂是含有所述活性成分的有效日剂量或其合适部分剂量的制剂。按游离碱计,最好为5mg-1000mg如8mg-1000mg,35mg-800mg更好,而最好为10-200mg或20-200mg。
式(Ⅰ)化合物可以与其它治疗药物如其它抗痉挛剂联合使用。当式(Ⅰ)化合物与其它治疗药物联合使用时,所述化合物可以通过任何方便的途径序贯或同时给予。因此,在再一方面,本发明提供含有式(Ⅰ)化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物与其它治疗药物的组合。
可以方便地提供上述组合用于药物制剂形式中,所以,含有上述组合和药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂的药物制剂构成了本发明的另一方面。这类组合的单个组分可以以分开的药物制剂或组合的制剂序贯或者同时给予。
当式(Ⅰ)化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物与第二种对相同疾病具有活性的治疗药物组合使用时,每种化合物的剂量可能不同于所述化合物单独使用时的剂量。本领域技术人员将容易地鉴别出合适的剂量。
本发明提供制备式(Ⅰ)化合物和其药学上可接受的衍生物的方法。
用以下概述的方法可以制备式(Ⅰ)化合物,该方法形成本发明的再一方面。
按照构成本发明另一方面的通用方法(A),在合适的反应条件下,例如通过还原优选采用还原金属如阮内镍和氢源如一水合肼、在一种合适的溶剂如乙醇中、优选在高温如70-75℃之间,可以由式(Ⅱ)化合物制备式(Ⅰ)化合物。
按照构成本发明另一方面的另一方法(B),在合适反应条件下使其中n为1或2的式(Ⅲ)化合物
与还原剂反应,可以制备式(Ⅰ)化合物。合适的还原剂包括硼氢化物、优选硼氢化钠。在一种溶剂混合物如一种醚、优选四氢呋喃和一种醇、优选叔丁醇中并在室温下可以进行所述反应。
在合适的反应条件下,使式(Ⅱ)化合物与一种氧化剂如一种过酸(例如过一硫酸钾或间-氯代过苯甲酸)并在低温如<5℃下反应,从而可以制备式(Ⅲ)化合物,这构成本发明的又一方面。
在稀无机酸、优选稀硫酸存在下,使2,3,5-三氯代苯甲酰氰与S-甲硫基氨基脲盐、优选氢碘酸盐反应,从而可以适当地制得式(Ⅱ)化合物,并且这构成本发明的再一方面。
或者在合适的反应条件下、在一种合适的溶剂如一种醇、优选丙-1-醇中,并在高温如溶剂回流温度下,使式(Ⅳ)化合物溶液在320-750nm之间进行光分解作用可以制备式(Ⅱ)化合物,而且这形成本发明的再一方面。
按照常规方法可以制备2,3,5-三氯代苯甲酰氰和S-甲硫基氨基脲,而且这构成本发明的又一方面。
在合适的条件下,使2,3,5-三氯代苯甲氰与强酸水溶液、优选浓盐酸反应可以制备式(Ⅵ)化合物,这形成本发明的又一方面。
按照常规方法可以制备式(Ⅰ)化合物的前体药物。
提供以下实施例阐明本发明,不应该将其解释为对本发明进行的限制。中间体12,3,5-三氯代苯甲酸
将2,3,5-三氯代苯甲醛(197.40g,0.94mol,Lancaster)溶解于叔丁醇(785ml)中,在氮气下于50℃搅拌并加热。将2M氢氧化钠水溶液(940ml)温热至50℃并加到所述醛溶液中。在将温度维持于57-60℃下,用计量泵在45分钟内加入过氧化氢(27.50%水溶液,699g,5.65mol)。然后在氮气下再搅拌并加热所述反应混合物1小时,冷却并真空蒸发。将残留的淤浆过滤,并用甲苯(2×300ml)洗涤滤液,然后在充分搅拌下用5M盐酸酸化(pH为1)。过滤生成的稠浓的白色沉淀,用水(3×300ml)洗涤并于50℃真空干燥。得率为180g(85%)。M.p.155-158℃(泡沫)。中间体22,3,5-三氯代苯甲酰氯
于120℃,将2,3,5-三氯代苯甲酸(75g,0.33mol,实施例1)和亚硫酰氯(197.47ml,271.32g,2.28mol)在无水甲苯(350ml)中回流3小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温并真空蒸发。将残留物与无水甲苯(3×100ml)共沸得到棕色粘性油状物。
可以如下进行另一种制备:
将2,3,5-三氯代苯甲酸(75g,333mmol,1当量)加入到甲苯(225ml)中,并将该淤浆用连接的(attached)迪安-斯达克装置在回流下加热2小时。加热时酸溶解到所述溶液中。充分搅拌下冷却该溶液,维持内部温度于70-80℃下通过滴液漏斗用1小时加入吡啶(0.2ml,催化,约0.5mol%)和亚硫酰氯(26.7ml,365mmol,1.1当量)。一旦加入完成,立即将混合物在回流下加热2小时。冷却溶液,真空去除挥发物,然后与甲苯(2×50ml)共沸得到澄清黄色油状产物。中间体32,3,5-三氯代苯甲酰氰
于150℃,用迪安-斯达克装置将氰化铜(Ⅰ)(63.88g,0.71mol)、碘化钾(108.20g,0.65mol)在无水二甲苯(590ml)中回流24小时。加入2,3,5-三氯代苯甲酰氯的无水二甲苯(150ml)溶液,将所得的悬浮物在氮气下于150℃回流3天。过滤悬浮液,真空蒸发滤液。δ(CDCl3):7.80(s,1H),8.0(s,1H)。
可以如下进行另一种制备:
用所连接的迪安-斯达克装置将碘化钾(66.25g,400mmol,1.2当量)(过筛使得粒度<1mm)和氰化铜(Ⅰ)(36g,400mmo1,1.2当量)在二甲苯中(400ml)回流下加热3小时。冷却该混合物,加入2,3,5-三氯代苯酰氯的二甲苯溶液(100ml)。用所连接的迪安-斯达克装置回流下加热该混合物。所述混合物在30分钟内逐渐显现红/橙色,过夜获得浅棕色溶液。
在回流下,将所述混合物加热40小时,然后冷却,并过滤除去无机物质。于55℃真空除去二甲苯,与甲苯(2×50ml)共沸,然后通过buchi入口管加入石醚60-80(260ml)得到棕色溶液。冷却后形成棕色沉淀。室温下将该溶液搅拌过夜,过滤去除固体物,并用石油醚60-80(100ml)洗涤。所述固体在氮气层下抽干得到第一批黄色固体2,3,5-三氯代苯甲酰腈(45.5g,58.1%)。
浓缩所述滤液,使其静置24小时,然后收获第二批(6.8g,8.7%),接着再收第三批(5.3g,6.8%)。
总收率(57.6g,73.8%)。N.m.r.(d6-DMSO)dppm:8.03(d,1H),8.34(d,1H)。中间体4S-甲硫基氨基脲化氢碘
氨基脲(448g,0.50mol,Aldrich)和碘代甲烷(300ml,5mol)在95%乙醇(2000ml)中回流5小时,然后冷却至室温。过滤所需的产物,用乙醚(3×100ml)洗涤,真空干燥。得率为647g。M.p.138-140℃。中间体53-甲基硫代-5-氨基-6-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-1,2,4-三嗪[式(Ⅱ)]方法A
将S-甲硫基氨基脲化氢碘(38.59g,0.17mol)悬浮于稀硫酸(95.83ml浓硫酸/95.83ml水)中,并在室温下搅拌1小时。缓慢加入2,3,5-三氯代苯甲酰氰(18g,0.077mol)的乙腈(90ml)溶液,在室温下将生成的混合物搅拌搅拌11天。用水稀释反应混合物,并用乙酸乙酯(3×250ml)提取。用水(2×300ml)洗涤乙酸乙酯层,经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发滤液。将残留物溶解于丙-1-醇(500ml)中并于130℃回流4小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温并真空蒸发,将残留物分配于2N氢氧化钠水溶液(100ml)和乙酸乙酯(300ml)之间。用水(2×100ml)洗涤乙酸乙酯层,经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发滤液。用环己烷至1∶3环己烷∶乙醚作洗脱剂经‘快速层析’纯化残留物。得率为1.90g(8%)M.p.138-140℃。方法B
将-[S-甲硫基脲亚氨基]-2-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-乙腈(1.00g,3.11mmol)在丙-1-醇(40ml)中搅拌,并在氮气下加热至回流。将300瓦钨灯照射混合物,使反应混合物置于该条件下48小时。将所述反应物冷却至室温,然后关闭钨灯并真空蒸发溶液,得到静置时结晶的黑色油状物。用甲醇研制所述固体,过滤并干燥,得到产物3-甲基硫代-5-氨基-6-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-1,2,4-三嗪。得率为770mg(77.0%)。N.M.R.(d6-DMSO)δppm:2.50(s,3H),7.15(宽s,1H),7.63(d,1H),7.90(宽s,1H),8.00(d,1H)。LC/MS,电子喷雾阳性(M+1)+=321/323。中间体63-甲硫氧基(methvlsulfoxv)-5-氨基-6-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-1,2,4-三嗪[式(Ⅲ)]
将3-甲基硫代-5-氨基-6-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-1,2,4-三嗪(6g,18.7mmol,1当量)悬浮于二氯甲烷(650ml)中,并冷却至5℃。一次性加入间-氯代过苯甲酸(5.66g,18.7mmol,理论上为57%,约1当量)并在氮气下于<10℃搅拌20分钟,获得澄清黄色溶液。TLC(1∶1环己烷∶乙酸乙酯)分析表明无残留原料。将亚硫酸钠(10g)和水(200ml)加入到剧烈搅拌的溶液中猝灭该反应。分离各层,用10%亚硫酸钠水溶液(100ml)洗涤有机层。发现Merck过氧化物试验条为阴性。用饱和碳酸氢钠(200ml)洗涤有机层,然后用盐水溶液(200ml)洗涤,之后经无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤有机溶液,真空下去除溶剂得到黄色固体3-甲硫氧基-5-氨基-6-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-1,2,4-三嗪。得率为5.82g(92.2%)。N.m.r.(CDCl3)δppm:3.05(s,3H),7.39(d,lH),7.69(d,1H)。LC/MS电子喷雾阳性(M+1)+=337/339。中间体72-氧代-2-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-乙酰胺[式(Ⅵ)]
将2,3,5-三氯代苯甲酰氰(10.0g,46mmol)加入到浓盐酸(140ml)中,并在室温下搅拌48小时。用水(100ml)稀释该悬浮液,然后过滤。用水洗涤浅棕色固体,然后风干1小时。然后将粗产物溶解于乙酸乙酯(400ml)中,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(2×300ml)、然后用盐水(300ml)洗涤,再后经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并蒸发得到米色固体。该固体在己烷/甲苯(200ml)中研磨,过滤并真空干燥,得到灰白色固体2-氧代-2-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-乙酰胺。得率为7.02g(65.3%)。N.m.r.(d6-DMSO)δppm:7.77(d,1H),8.09(d,1H),8.13(宽s,1H),8.48(宽s,1H)。LC/MS,电子喷雾阴性(M-1)=250/252。中间体82-[S-甲硫基脲亚氨基-2-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基1-乙酰胺[式(Ⅴ)]
将2-氧代-2-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-乙酰胺(5.00g,19.8mmol)和S-甲硫基氨基脲化氢碘(9.20g,39.5mmol)悬浮于乙醇(100ml)中,在氮气下于50℃加热过夜。如果薄层层析表明仍然存在原料,再加入一部分S-甲硫基氨基脲化氢碘(4.00g,17.2mmol),于50℃继续搅拌2小时。真空蒸发反应混合物得到棕色油状物。将该油状物溶解于乙酸乙酯(400ml)中,用水(300ml)、然后用盐水(300ml)洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发得到黄棕色胶状物。用1∶1乙酸乙酯∶己烷作洗脱剂经柱层析纯化胶状物。获得主要为E异构体的浅黄色固体产物,得率为4.25g(63.2%)。N.M.R.(d6-DMSO)δppm:2.14(s,3H),7.28(d,1H),7.31(宽s,1H),7.84(d,1H),8.28(宽s,1H)。LC/MS,电子喷雾阳性(M+1)+=339/341。中间体92-[S-甲硫基脲亚氨基]-2-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-乙腈[式(Ⅳ)]
2-[S-甲硫基氨基脲-2-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-乙酰胺(2g,5.89mmol)分批加入到二磷酰氯(2.97g,1.63ml,11.8mmol)的1,4-二噁烷溶液(16ml)中,在氮气下搅拌6小时。真空蒸发深色溶液得到深黄色油状物。将该油状物溶解于乙酸乙酯(50ml)中,用水(50ml)、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50ml)、盐水(50ml)洗涤后,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发得到深黄色油状物。用3∶1己烷∶乙酸乙酯作洗脱剂经柱层析纯化所述粗产物。获得为黄色油状物的产物即2-[S-甲硫基脲亚氨基]-2-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-乙腈,放置后结晶为黄色固体。得率为1.16g(61.2%)。N.M.R.(d6-DMSO)δppm:2.20(s,1H),3.38(宽s,3H),7.68(宽s,1H),7.95(d,1H),8.12(宽s,1H)。LC/MS,电子喷雾阳性(M+1)+=321/323。实施例5-氨基-6-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-1,2,4-三嗪方法A
将阮内镍(3.50g,在水中的悬浮液,Fluka)悬浮于3-硫代甲基-5-氨基-6-(2,3,5-三氯代苯基)-1,2,4-三嗪(1.75g,5.44×10-3mol)的无水乙醇溶液(30ml)中,并于70℃搅拌。将一水合肼(3.50ml,3.54g,0.11mol)在30分钟内滴加到所述悬浮液中。将所得的混合物于70-75℃搅拌2小时,过滤,用热的无水乙醇(3×20ml)洗涤并真空蒸发滤液。用15∶25环己烷∶乙醚至乙醚作洗脱剂经‘快速层析’、然后用Supelcosil ABZ柱并用50%乙腈/水和0.1%甲酸作洗脱剂经制备Hplc性纯化所述残留物。得率0.134g(9%)。M.p.220-222℃,Rt=13.691分钟,N.m.r.(d6-DMSO)δppm:6.90(宽s,1H),7.60(d,1H),7.70(宽s,1H),8.0(d,1H),8.70(s,lH)。LC/MS(EI)M+=275/277。方法B
3-甲硫氧基-5-氨基-6-[2,3,5-三氯代苯基]-1,2,4-三嗪(5.82g,17.2mmol,1当量)溶解于THF:叔丁醇的1∶1混合物(1800ml)中。一次性加入硼氢化钠(915g,24.08mmol,约1.4当量),并将生成的混合物在氮气下于室温搅拌2小时。真空下去除所有溶剂得到黄色固体,然后将黄色固体与四氢呋喃(200ml)共沸。缓慢加入10%枸缘酸水溶液500ml),将温度保持于20℃以下,然后加入乙酸乙酯(500ml)。分离各层,再用乙酸乙酯(500ml)提取水层。用饱和盐水洗涤合并的有机层,经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,在真空下去除挥发物得到黄色固体。,用20%乙酸乙酯的己烷液作洗脱剂、增加至60%乙酸乙酯的己烷液,采用柱层析纯化所述产物。合并含产物的流分,真空蒸发,得到为黄色固体的3-硫代甲基-5-氨基-6-(2,3,5-三氯代苯基)-1,2,4-三嗪。
得率为1.5g(31.7%)。
N.m.r.(d6-DMSO)δppm:7.67(d,1H),8.02(d,1H),8.75(s,1H),7.0-7.2(宽s,1H),7.7-8.0(宽s,1H)。LC/MS电子喷雾阳性(M+1)+=275/277。药学实施例无菌制剂
实施例A
mg/ml
本发明化合物 0.1mg
氯化钠USP 9.0mg
注射用水USP适量至 1ml
将所述组分溶解于部分注射用水中,将该溶液配制至终体积,得到每ml含有0.1mg本发明化合物。当使用本发明化合物的盐时,增加化合物的量以得到每ml含有0.1mg化合物游离碱。将所述溶液包装以用于注射,例如通过装填并密封入安瓿、管制瓶或注射器中。它们可以无菌装填和/或最后经过如于121℃压热器处理进行灭菌。
可以以相似的方式制备其它无菌制剂以获得不同浓度的化合物。
实施例B
mg/ml
本发明化合物 0.5mg
甘露醇 50.0mg
注射用水适量至 1.0ml
将所述组分溶解于部分注射用水中。配制至终体积,混合直到均匀一致。通过除菌滤器过滤制剂并装入玻璃管制瓶中。冻干并密封管制瓶。使用前用合适溶剂复制。用于口服给药的制剂
可以用常规方法如直接压制或湿法制粒制备片剂。采用标准技术,用合适的膜形成物质如Opadry对所述药片进行薄膜包衣。或者可以对所述药片进行糖包衣。
实施例C直接压制片剂
mg/片
本发明化合物 5.0mg
硬脂酸镁 4.0mg
微晶纤维素(Avicel PH102)适量至 400.0mg
使本发明化合物通过30目筛并与Avicel和硬脂酸镁混合。用装配有11.0mm直径冲头的合适压片机将所得的混合物压制成片,以得到每片含5mg本发明的化合物。以相似方式可以制备含有如25-100mg/片本发明化合物的其它规格的片剂。
实施例D湿法制粒片剂
mg/片
本发明化合物 5.0mg
预胶凝淀粉 28.0mg
羟乙酸淀粉钠 16.0mg
硬脂酸镁 4.0mg
乳糖适量 400.0mg
将本发明化合物、乳糖、预胶凝淀粉和羟乙酸淀粉钠干式混合然后用合适体积的纯净水制粒。干燥所得颗粒,然后与硬脂酸镁混合。用装配有11.0mm直径冲头的合适压片机压制所述干燥颗粒,以得到每片含5mg本发明的化合物。
制备其它规格如25和100mg/片的片剂。
实施例E硬明胶胶囊剂
mg/胶囊
本发明化合物 5.0mg
微晶纤维素(Avicel PH102)适量 700.0mg
使本发明化合物通过30目筛,然后与微晶纤维素混合以得到均匀混合物。之后将所述混合物填装入OEL大小硬明胶胶囊壳中,以得到每胶囊含5.0mg本发明的化合物的胶囊剂。以相似方式可以制得每胶囊含有如25或100mg本发明的化合物的其它规格的胶囊剂。
实施例F软明胶胶囊剂
mg/胶囊
本发明化合物 10.0mg
聚乙二醇 90.0mg
丙二醇适量 200.0mg
将聚乙二醇和丙二醇混合在一起,必要时加热。搅拌直到均匀一致。加入本发明化合物并混合直到均匀一致。填装入合适明胶丸(mass),以得到含有200mg制剂的软明胶胶囊,获得每胶囊含有10.0mg本发明的化合物。
以相似方式可以制备如5和25mg/胶囊的本发明化合物的其它规格软明胶胶囊剂。
实施例G糖浆剂
本发明化合物 5.0mg
山梨醇溶液 1500.0mg
甘油 1000.0mg
苯甲酸钠 5.0mg
调味剂 12.5mg
纯净水适量至 5.0ml
将苯甲酸钠溶解于部分纯净水中并加入山梨醇溶液,加入本发明化合物、调味剂和甘油并混合直到均匀一致。用纯净水将生成的混合物配制至终体积。其它制剂
实施例H栓剂
mg/栓
本发明化合物 10.0mg
Witepsol W32硬脂适量 2000.0mg
于约36℃熔化Witepsol W32。向部分熔融物中加入本发明化合物并混合。加入余下的熔融Witepsol W32并混合直到均匀一致。用2000mg的所述制剂填充模子,得到每栓含有10.0mg本发明的化合物。
实施例Ⅰ透皮制剂
本发明化合物 5.0mg
硅树脂液 90.9mg
胶体二氧化硅 5.0mg
将硅树脂液和活性成分混合在一起并加入胶体二氧化硅。然后将该物料计量加入随后加热密封的包括以下组分的聚合层中:聚酯释放衬层、由硅氧烷或丙烯酸聚合物组成的皮肤接触粘合剂、一种聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯或聚乙酸乙烯酯)或聚氨基甲酸酯的控制膜和一种聚酯多层压板的不渗透性底膜。生物学数据对电压门控(voltage-gated)钠通道的活性
用全细胞电压钳位术来评价式(Ⅰ)化合物对在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞上表达的重组人脑ⅡA型Na+通道的活性。式(Ⅰ)化合物以电压依赖和使用依赖方式抑制这些通道,稳态失活状态Ki的估计值为11μM,高于静息态的效力约70倍(IC50=785μM)。
与拉莫三嗪(约30倍)相比,升高状态的选择性和较高的使用依赖性抑制提供了式(Ⅰ)化合物通过它在高频发放的动作电位(例如癫痫活动)期间选择性阻滞传导的机制。它支持这样的发现:与拉莫三嗪相比,式(Ⅰ)化合物是一种有效的抗痉挛剂并具有更高的治疗指数。抗痉挛活性
已经表明在两种全身性癫痫啮齿动物模型中,即反映人全身性强直-阵挛性发作的动物模型的大鼠最大电休克试验(MES)和预示人失神发作和肌阵挛型癫痫小发作的小鼠戊四唑输注试验,式(Ⅰ)化合物均有抗癫痫活性。
例如,试验前2小时,用试验化合物的0.25%甲基纤维素悬浮液经口给予雄性Han Wistar大鼠(150-200g)。试验前肉眼观察存在共济失调。用耳电极施以200mA电流,持续时间200毫秒,并注意是否存在后肢伸展。式(Ⅰ)化合物显示ED50为1.7mg/kg,而拉莫三嗪为6.1mg/kg,式(Ⅰ)化合物治疗指数(共济失调ED50与MES ED50的比值)为23.7而拉莫三嗪为3.3。
当在PTZ后1小时(至第二个转换的时间)给药的小鼠戊四唑输注试验中,式(Ⅰ)化合物显示ED50 3.8mg/kg,而拉莫三嗪ED50为8.4mg/kg。镇痛活性
此外,已经表明式(Ⅰ)化合物在疼痛模型中具有镇痛活性。在大鼠足趾内给予角叉菜胶(100μl 2%)后3小时,与急性痛觉过敏和炎症一致的是,炎症爪的重量降低而爪体积增加。给予角叉菜胶前30分钟经口给予式(Ⅰ)化合物对角叉菜胶诱导的重量降低产生剂量相关性抑制,其ED50为7.5mg/kg,而拉莫三嗪为23.5mg/kg。在该模型中,式(Ⅰ)化合物在30mg/kg时也显示明显的抗炎活性(爪体积减少50%)。对MPTP诱导的神经毒性的活性
小鼠MPTP模型一般用作帕金森病模型。
以2小时的间隔,使雄性C57BL/6小鼠接受4次腹膜内注射MPTP.HCl(15mg/kg的游离碱;Research Biochemicals)盐水液。对照小鼠只接受盐水。以2小时的间隔,在每次注射MPTP前30分钟用试验化合物的橄榄油液皮下注射给药4次。
MPTP注射7天后,处死小鼠,解剖出纹状体,立即冷冻并贮藏于-80℃备用分析。在分析组织的当天,在10份体积(wt./vol.)含1.9mM亚硫酸氢钠和1.6mg/ml DBA-HBr的0.1M高氯酸中超声处理样品。离心(2800g,10分钟,室温)并过滤(孔大小为0.5μm,Millipore)后,将上清液转移至管制瓶中并置于自动取样器(M231×L,Gilson)。用高效液相层析检测多巴胺含量。当式(Ⅰ)化合物的给药剂量为3mg/kg(×4)时,它对多巴胺耗竭产生75%保护,当剂量为10mg/kg(×4)时产生98%保护。
Claims (10)
2.用于治疗的按照权利要求1的化合物。
3.含有权利要求1的化合物和药学上可接受的载体的药用组合物。
4.权利要求1的化合物在生产用于治疗以下病症的药物中的用途:癫痫、双相情感障碍即躁狂抑郁症、疼痛、功能性肠紊乱、神经变性疾病、神经保护、神经变性、耳鸣或对诱导依赖性的药物的依赖性或对诱导依赖性的药物具有耐受性。
5.治疗患有或易于罹患以下病症的患者的方法:癫痫、双相情感障碍即躁狂抑郁症、疼痛、功能性肠紊乱、神经变性疾病、神经保护、神经变性、耳鸣或对诱导依赖性的药物的依赖性或对诱导依赖性的药物具有耐受性。
9.式(Ⅱ)化合物及其药学上可接受的衍生物:
10.式(Ⅲ)化合物及其药学上可接受的衍生物:
其中n可以为1或2。
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CN111712500A (zh) * | 2018-02-13 | 2020-09-25 | 意大利合成制造有限公司 | 制备西他列汀的新的有效方法 |
CN114796146A (zh) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-29 | 上海奥科达生物医药科技有限公司 | 一种拉莫三嗪的缓释制剂及其制备方法 |
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GB9203483D0 (en) | 1992-02-19 | 1992-04-08 | Wellcome Found | Anti-inflammatory compounds |
WO1993025207A1 (en) | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-23 | The Wellcome Foundation Limited | Use of 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine isethionate for the treatment and prevention of dependence, tolerance and sensitization of drugs |
JPH08504798A (ja) | 1992-12-18 | 1996-05-21 | ザ ウエルカム ファウンデーション リミテッド | 酵素阻害薬としての,ピリミジン,ピリジン,プテリジノンおよびインダゾール誘導体 |
GB9305692D0 (en) | 1993-03-19 | 1993-05-05 | Wellcome Found | Therapeutic triazine compounds and use |
US5866597A (en) | 1993-03-19 | 1999-02-02 | Glaxo Wellcome Inc. | Use of triazine compounds for the treatment of memory and learning disorders |
GB9426448D0 (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1995-03-01 | Wellcome Found | Process |
FR2741879A1 (fr) | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-06 | Esteve Labor Dr | Derives de fluorophenyl-triazines et pyrimidines, leur preparation et leur application en tant que medicament |
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1997
- 1997-12-22 GB GBGB9726987.2A patent/GB9726987D0/en not_active Ceased
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1998
- 1998-12-18 NZ NZ505254A patent/NZ505254A/en unknown
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- 1998-12-18 EP EP98966635A patent/EP1042304A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 1998-12-18 BR BR9814495-2A patent/BR9814495A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-18 TR TR2000/01970T patent/TR200001970T2/xx unknown
- 1998-12-18 US US09/582,058 patent/US6265405B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-18 JP JP2000525399A patent/JP2001526275A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-18 YU YU39600A patent/YU39600A/sh unknown
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- 1998-12-18 CA CA002315620A patent/CA2315620A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-21 PE PE1998001255A patent/PE20000063A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 1998-12-21 JO JO19982065A patent/JO2065B1/en active
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1999
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2000
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- 2000-06-21 NO NO20003211A patent/NO20003211L/no unknown
- 2000-06-21 HR HR20000419A patent/HRP20000419A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
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2001
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100363007C (zh) * | 2002-07-29 | 2008-01-23 | 葛兰素集团有限公司 | 含拉莫三嗪的缓释制剂 |
CN111712500A (zh) * | 2018-02-13 | 2020-09-25 | 意大利合成制造有限公司 | 制备西他列汀的新的有效方法 |
CN111712500B (zh) * | 2018-02-13 | 2023-07-11 | 意大利合成制造有限公司 | 制备西他列汀的有效方法 |
CN114796146A (zh) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-29 | 上海奥科达生物医药科技有限公司 | 一种拉莫三嗪的缓释制剂及其制备方法 |
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