CN1268487C - 含增塑剂的pvb薄膜 - Google Patents

含增塑剂的pvb薄膜 Download PDF

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CN1268487C
CN1268487C CNB028124146A CN02812414A CN1268487C CN 1268487 C CN1268487 C CN 1268487C CN B028124146 A CNB028124146 A CN B028124146A CN 02812414 A CN02812414 A CN 02812414A CN 1268487 C CN1268487 C CN 1268487C
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alcohol
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U·凯勒
H·施藤策尔
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Kuraray Co Ltd
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    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31627Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y10T428/3163Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]

Abstract

三甘醇-二-2-乙基己酸酯,简称3G8或3GEH,作为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜(PVB薄膜)的小极性增塑剂的使用至今是限于具有聚乙烯醇含量(PVOH)为小于19.5重量%的PVB类型。现建议采用一种或多种非离子型表面活性剂作为提高具有小极性的增塑剂在PVB树脂中的溶解度或相容性的添加剂。由此,可将具有小极性的增塑剂如3G8,特别是用于基于标准PVB混合物中。作为非离子型表面活性剂,采用多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇,在其醇部分中至少含6个碳原子且平均乙氧基化度大于/等于2。本发明用于制备含增塑剂的PVB、特别是基于标准PVB的增塑剂以生产用于复合安全玻璃的薄膜。

Description

含增塑剂的PVB薄膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适合在复合安全玻璃中作为中间层的基于部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇,特别是基于PVB-树脂的含增塑剂的薄膜。复合安全玻璃通常由两块玻璃板和连接两玻璃板的粘合薄膜构成。作为粘合薄膜均主要应用由含增塑剂的部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇,特别是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成的薄膜。一开始的提到的复合安全玻璃例如可在汽车领域用作挡风玻璃和侧面玻璃以及在建筑领域用作安全玻璃。
在通常的PVB薄膜中作为PVB的增塑剂主要是应用市售的三甘醇或四甘醇的脂族二酯。包括有3GH、3G7、3G8以及4G7,其中标号中的前置数字表示低聚亚乙基二醇的重复单元H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH中的n,H表示2-丁酸乙酯,7表示正庚酸酯,8表示2-乙基己酸酯。其它用于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的己知增塑剂有含脂族或环脂族酯部分的己二酸二烷基酯、癸二酸二烷基酯、磷酸三有机酯、亚磷酸三有机酯或邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂如邻苯二甲酸苄基丁基酯。
一些增塑剂与PVB-树脂仅有限相容。在缺乏相容性的情况下,特别在热储存和在潮湿大气下储存时会有增塑剂的渗出。通常,增塑剂的相容性随增塑剂的极性的下降而减小,即具有较高极性的增塑剂与PVB有较好的相容性,并且该相容性随PVB树脂中聚乙烯醇含量(PVOH)的下降而增加。
背景技术
已建议采用三甘醇-二-2-乙基己酸酯-简称3G8或3GEH作为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜(PVB薄膜)的增塑剂,以获得具有改进的耐湿性的产品。但由于3G8的非极性特征,3G8对PVB仅具有小的相容性。
在EP 0 877665B1中,描述3G8作为增塑剂在用于复合安全玻璃的PVB-薄膜中的应用,其中所用的PVB树脂必须具有小于19.5重量%的PVOH含量。如果不是这种情况,就会由于不相容性出现增塑剂的渗出。所以PVOH含量高于19.5重量%的PVB树脂的应用是不可能的。此外,对比实验表明,甚至在采用PVOH含量为18.9重量%的PVB树脂时,如果该薄膜在23℃和相对空气湿度为98%的大气下经较长时间放置,则3G8的相容性范围为28.5-30.5重量%。
但是,其PVOH含量低于19.5重量%的适用于PVB薄膜的PVB树脂几乎不能从市售获得。
目的
本发明的目的在于提供一种适合在复合安全玻璃中作为中间层的含增塑剂的基于部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇(PVB树脂)的薄膜,该薄膜不具有上述这些缺点。
发明描述
本发明的目的通过权利要求1特征部分,优选与从属权利要求的一个或多个特征部分相组合的薄膜来达到。
本发明的关键是采用一种或多种非离子型表面活性剂作为提高具有较小极性的增塑剂在PVB树脂中的溶解度或相容性的添加剂。
本发明的适于作为复合安全玻璃中的中间层的含增塑剂的基于部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇(PVB树脂)薄膜含有60-85重量%的PVB-树脂、14-39重量%的具有小极性的增塑剂和达10重量%的一种或多种非离子型表面活性剂作为提高具有小极性的增塑剂在PVB树脂中的溶解度的添加剂。此外,该薄膜还含有本专业人员已知的其它添加剂如剩余量的水以及典型的本专业人员已知的添加剂如UV-吸收剂、抗氧化剂、粘合调节剂、光学增亮剂、稳定剂、加工助剂、表面活性物质等。
除具有小极性的增塑剂外,也可采用有较高极性的标准-增塑剂。通过本发明的非离子型的表面活性剂的加入,产生了很大的优点,即该具有小极性的PVB薄膜的增塑剂可按在不加非离子型表面活性剂情况下与PVB树脂不相容的这样的量使用。
为了定量判定增塑剂的相容性或确定增塑剂在确定配方中以一定量使用时是否是相容的,可应用称为自发-渗出-试验的标准试验,它在EP 0 877665B1=DE 69609992T2中已描述。只有该试验后,增塑剂的损失按增塑剂计低于1重量%,则视为该增塑剂是相容的,当增塑剂损失大于1重量%,则认为是不相容的。为快速定性判断该增塑剂的相容性,将PVB-薄膜试条放置在以水蒸气饱和的气氛中就足够了。为产生具有高的相对空气湿度(RL)的气氛,在一密闭容器如玻璃干燥器中制备一种具有沉积物的硫酸铜五水合物的饱和水溶液。在这种溶液的上方产生23℃的相对湿度为98%的平衡湿度。通过吸收水和由此引起的极性增加可在一些低相容体系的情况下挤出增塑剂,并随着时间在薄膜的表面上以可见的膜或以滴状物出现。在相容配方情况下,甚至在30天后,在试条上也无增塑剂出现,与此相反,在非相容配方情况下,刚在24小时后就经常出现这种情况。
作为部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇,可优选采用羟基含量大于19.5重量%的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,按ASTM D 1396羟基含量看作是聚乙烯醇(PVOH),在本发明中简称为聚乙烯醇含量或PVOH-含量,因为在这类树脂中,本发明的非离子型表面活性剂的加入优点可以最好地被利用。原则上,在PVB-配方情况下,即使在聚乙烯醇含量小于19.5重量%的情况下,非离子型表面活性剂的加入也可改进相容性。
按本发明的优选实施方案,作为非离子型表面活性剂可采用多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇,在醇部分中至少含6个碳原子,其平均乙氧基化度大于/等于2。特别优选是其醇部分中含8-20个碳原子,平均乙氧基化度为3-10的多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇。
在本发明中非离子型表面活性剂的例子是MARLOPHENNP6,它是平均6乙氧基化的壬基酚;MARLIPALO 13/40,它是平均4乙氧基化的脂肪醇;ISOFOL12+5EO,它是平均5乙氧基化的2-丁基辛醇,都是Condea公司的产品。另一例子是Berol840,它是Akzo Nobel公司的窄分布的4乙氧基化的C8-醇。
优选是这种或这些非离子型表面活性剂的使用量按薄膜的总物料量计为1-9重量%,特别是2-4重量%。这种或这些非离子型表面活性剂在任何情况下在选择的配方中的使用量应导致所用增塑剂或增塑剂混合物完全溶解或由此导致其相容性。
具有小极性的增塑剂与非离子型表面活性剂的比例按在薄膜中的重量组成计优选大于2.7∶1,特别是大于3和小于10。
作为小极性的增塑剂优选采用三甘醇-二-2-乙基己酸酯(3G8)。但本发明不限于3G8,该非离子型表面活性剂的应用更确切地说也可与由于其非极性在所需量情况下是对所用PVB树脂不相容的其它增塑剂组合应用。
在本发明中把这样的增塑剂看作是涉及聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的小极性增塑剂,即其在25℃下的溶解度参数δ小于8.60(卡/cm3)1/2或17.59(J/cm3)1/2。为了简便起见,δ可由所谓的Small常数导出,该常数可在“溶剂与增塑剂(Lsungsmittel und Weichmachungsmittel)”中以列表找到(卷1,第八版,593页,Gnamm/Fuchs,Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Stuttgart 1980)。例如三甘醇-二-正庚酸酯(3G7)的δ为8.71(卡/cm3)1/2,而三甘醇-二-2-乙基己酸酯的δ为8.51(卡/cm3)1/2
本发明的适于作为复合安全玻璃的中间层用的基于部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇(PVB树脂)的含增塑剂的薄膜可用一块或多块玻璃板按专业技术人员已知的方法继续加工成用于汽车领域和建筑领域的复合安全玻璃。
实施本发明和对比例的方法:
为实施本发明实施例B1-B10和对比例V1-V8,在市售挤压机上于最大物料温200℃下以本专业人员已知的方法制备含增塑剂的PVB薄膜以检验其渗出特性。
在实施例及对比例中,改变PVB树脂的PVOH含量、所用非离子型表面活性剂的类型和其用量。此外,试验用3G8作为优选的非极性的与通常PVB不相容的增塑剂及用3G7作为与标准-PVB能很好相容的增塑剂进行。结果列于表1和2中。
按下列方法定性测定增塑剂的相容性:为测定渗出特性将试样条放置在23℃、相对空气湿度为98%的玻璃干燥器中。通过吸收水和由此引起的极性增加来使在很少相容的体系情况下的增塑剂排出,并随时间在薄膜的表面上出现明显的膜或滴状物。在相容的配方的情况下,甚至在30天后,在试样条上也无增塑剂出现,与此相反,在不相容的配方情况下,仅在24小时后就常出现这种现象。为产生具有高的相对空气湿度(RL)的大气,在该密闭的玻璃干燥气中制备具有沉积物的硫酸铜五水化物的饱和水溶液。在该溶液上方形成23℃下的相对空气湿度为98%的平衡湿度。
在实施例B1中,使用MARLOPHENNP6,即平均6乙氧基化的壬基酚作为非离子型的表面活性剂,其用量为4重量%。基于PVOH含量为20.3重量%的PVB树脂的薄膜含24重量%的3G8作为增塑剂。通过本发明使用6乙氧基化的壬基酚作为非离型表面活性剂表明一点也没有增塑剂渗出。
在实施例B2-B4中,用类似配方但改变PVOH用量和表面活性剂用量,这时同样无任何增塑剂渗出。
未加表面活性剂的对比例V1的薄膜表明,与此相比较在短时间后有大量增塑剂损失,它导致明显的增塑剂渗出。
在实施例B5-B10中,采用与实施例B1-B4的类似配方,但用另外的表面活性剂或表面活性剂的用量,这时总是一点也没有增塑剂渗出。其中采用ISOFOL12+4EO,即平均4乙氧基化的2-丁基辛醇;ISOFOL18T+6EO,即平均6乙氧基化的有18个C原子的简单支化的脂族醇;MARLIPALO 13/40,即平均4乙氧基化的脂肪醇;MARLIPALO 13/60,即平均6乙氧基化的脂肪醇;ISOFOL12+5EO,即平均5乙氧基化的2-丁基辛醇和Berol840,即窄分布的4乙氧基化的C8-醇。
由对比例V2证明,用4重量%的标准增塑剂3G7代替本发明采用的非离子型表面活性剂时,不能阻止增塑剂3G8的渗出。
由对比例V2-V3曾试验,在含非常少即18.9重量%的PVOH含量并不采用本发明的非离子型表面活性剂的情况下,多少3G8的用量仍是相容的:在3G8含量大于约29重量%的情况下,增塑剂渗出。
对比例V6-V8表明,太少量即小于1重量%的非离子型表面活性剂,特别是对具有较高即20.5重量%的PVOH含量的PVB来说,阻止增塑剂损失的作用是太小了。但是实施例已表明,在未加非离子型表面活性剂情况下比对比例V1有更小的增塑剂损失。
表1
  配方   B1   B2   B3   B4   B5   B6   B7   B8   B9   B10
  PVB [重量-%]   72   72   74   70   72   72   72   72   72   72
  PVB的PVOH含量[重量%]   20.3   20.7   20.6   20.6   20.5   20.5   20.5   20.5   20.1   20.1
  3G8[重量-%]   24   24   22.3   25.7   24   24   24   24   26   22
  Marlophen NP 6   4   4   3.7   4.3   -   -   -   -   -   -
  Isofol 12+4EO   -   -   -   -   -   -   4   -   -   -
  Isofol 18T+6EO   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   4   -   -
  Marlipal O 13/40   -   -   -   -   4   -   -   -   -   -
  Marlipal O 13/60   -   -   -   -   -   4   -   -   -   -
  Isofol 12+5EO   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   2   6
  Berol 840   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  3G7[重量-%]   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  30天后的渗出   否   否   否   否   否   否   否   否   否   否
表2
  配方   V1   V2   V3   V4   V5   V6   V7   V8
  PVB[重量-%]   74   74   66.9   69.5   71.5   72   72   72
  PVB的PVOH含量[重量%]   20.2   20.2   18.9   18.9   18.9   20.5   20.5   20.5
  3G8[重量-%]   26   22   33.1   30.5   28.5   27.5   27.8   27.8
  Marlophen NP 6   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  Isofol 12+4EO   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   0.2
  Isofol 18T+6EO   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  Marlipal O 13/40   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  Marlipal O 13/60   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  Isofol 12+5EO   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  Berol 840   -   -   -   -   -   0.5   0.2   -
  3G7[重量-%]   -   4   -   -   -   -   -   -
  30天后的渗出   是   是   是   是   否   是   是   是

Claims (12)

1.一种基于部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇的适于作为复合安全玻璃中的中间层的含增塑剂的薄膜,它含有:
a)60-85重量%的部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇,
b)14-39重量%的具有小极性的增塑剂,
c)0-10重量%的作为提高具有小极性的增塑剂在部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇中的溶解度的添加剂的一种或多种非离子型表面活性剂,
其中非离子型表面活性剂为多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇,在多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇的醇部分至少含6个碳原子且平均乙氧基化度大于/等于2。
2.权利要求1的薄膜,其特征在于,具有小极性的增塑剂与非离子型表面活性剂的比按在薄膜中的重量组分计为大于2.7∶1。
3.权利要求1的薄膜,其特征在于,具有小极性的增塑剂按这样的量使用,即该量在不采用非离子型表面活性剂的情况下对部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇是不相容的。
4.权利要求1的薄膜,其特征在于,这种或这些非离子型表面活性剂的用量按薄膜的总组成计为2-4重量%。
5.权利要求1的薄膜,其特征在于,采用其PVOH含量>19.5重量%的部分缩丁醛化的聚乙烯醇作为部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇。
6.权利要求1-5之一的薄膜,其特征在于,采用三甘醇-二-2-乙基己酸酯作为小极性的增塑剂。
7.权利要求1的薄膜,其特征在于,非离子型表面活性剂为多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇,在多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇的醇部分含8-20个碳原子且平均乙氧基化度为3-10。
8.一种具有至少一块玻璃板和至少一层与该玻璃板邻接的权利要求1-7任一项的薄膜的复合安全玻璃。
9.一种或多种选自多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇的非离子型表面活性剂作为提高具有小极性的增塑剂在部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇中的溶解度的添加剂中的应用,所述脂族或芳族醇在其醇部分中至少含6个碳原子且平均乙氧基化度大于/等于2。
10.权利要求9的应用,所述多乙氧基化的脂族或芳族醇在其醇部分中含8-20个碳原子且平均乙氧基化度为3-10。
11.权利要求9的一种或多种非离子型表面活性剂作为提高增塑剂三甘醇-二-2-乙基己酸酯在部分缩醛化的聚乙烯醇中的溶解度的添加剂的应用。
12.权利要求9-11任一项的一种或多种非离子型表面活性剂的应用,其特征在于,该非离子型表面活性剂的用量为2-10重量%。
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