CN1253220C - 通过微管在真皮内输入疫苗和基因治疗剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
将疫苗和基因治疗剂施用到皮肤真皮层内的方法和装置。
Description
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及将疫苗和基因治疗剂施用到皮肤真皮层内的方法和装置。
2.背景信息
很久以前人们就认识到,作为预防、诊断或治疗目的有效和安全的施用药物的重要性。传统针灸的应用在很早以前就提供了一种通过皮肤给药将药物输入人体和动物的方法。已经做了很多的努力来获得可重复的和有效的皮肤输入,为了改善注射的方便,并减少和传统的针相联系的病人的焦虑和/或疼痛。而且,特定的输入系统完全取消了针,依赖于化学介质或外部驱动力,例如离子电渗疗法的电流或电穿孔或热穿孔或声纳电泳(sonophoresis)来突破角质层,皮肤的最外层,将药物通过皮肤表面输入。然而,这样的输入系统不会重复的突破皮肤表层或将药物输入到皮肤表面下特定的深度,结果临床的结果是各种各样的。因此,机械的突破角质层如针,被认为提供了通过皮肤给药最可重复的方法,并为施用药物提供了控制和可靠性。
将药物输入到皮肤表层下的方法几乎只包括经皮肤给药,例如将药物通过皮肤输入到皮下一部位。经皮肤输入包括皮下、肌肉内或静脉内途径施用药物,其中肌肉内(IM)和皮下(SC)注射已经成为最常用的方法。
解剖上,身体的外表面有两个主要的组织层组成,外部的表皮层和深部的真皮层,它们组成了皮肤(作为回顾,见Physiology,Biochemistry,and MolecularBiology of the Skin,第二版,L A.Goldsmith编,牛津大学出版社,纽约,1991)。所述表皮可再分为5层,它们的总厚度在75-150μm之间。在表皮下是真皮,它包括2层,外层部分是乳头状真皮和深部是网状真皮。所述的乳头状真皮包括大量的微循环血管和淋巴管丛。相比较下,网状真皮相对是无细胞和无血管的,由胶原和弹性连接组织组成。在表皮和真皮下是皮下组织,也指真皮下组织,它是由连接组织和脂肪组织组成。肌肉组织位于皮下组织的下面。
如上所述,皮下组织和肌肉组织已经被通常用作给药的部位。然而,所述真皮,很少被作为给药的部位,这也许,至少部分是因为很难将针精确的置入真皮内部位有关。而且,即使是真皮,特别是乳头状真皮已经知道有大量的血管,迄今为止还没有发现某人可以利用大量的血管来获得和皮下给药相比,施用药物更好的吸收图。这是因为小药物分子典型的在施用到皮下组织后迅速吸收,达到皮下组织要比真皮容易和精确的多。另外,大分子如蛋白质不顾高血管性典型的不能通过乳头上皮很好的吸收,这样人们就不能期望通过更难的真皮给药,甚至对于大分子,来获得和皮下给药相比明显的吸收优势。
一种在皮肤表层下给药和将药物施用到真皮内的方法已经常规的在曼托(Mantoux)结核菌素实验中应用。在这个实验中,一种提纯的蛋白质衍生物应用规格为27或30的针和标准注射器与皮肤表面成浅角注射(Flynn等,Chest 106:1463-5,1994)。所述曼托技术包括侧着将针插入皮肤,然后将针“迂回前进”进入ID组织。已经知道所述技术很难操作并需要特定的训练。注射部位不精确的程度导致许多错误的阴性实验结果。而且,所述实验包括局部的注射而在注射部位诱导反应,曼托法并没导致应用真皮内注射来系统给药。
另外一组报导了关于被描述为真皮内药物输入的装置(美国专利第5,997,501号)。注射需要以缓慢的率,并且注射部位确定为表皮下的一些部位,例如表皮和真皮的交界处或真皮或表皮组织内部。然而,这个说明没有提供建议选择性的给药入真皮的指导,建议疫苗或基因治疗剂必须以这种方式输入的说明也没有提供。
到此为止,许多治疗性的蛋白质和小分子量的化合物已经经真皮内输入,并被应用来有效的诱导产生药理上有益的反应。这些化合物(例如胰岛素、hGH、降钙素)大多数是激素蛋白质,不是工程设计的受体或抗体。到此为止,所有施用的蛋白质都表现出几个和ID给药相关的效应,包括较快的起始摄取和分布(与SC比较)以及某些情况中生物利用度的提高。
真皮组织代表了输入疫苗和基因治疗剂有吸引力的靶位点。在疫苗的情况中(基因的和传统的两者),皮肤是有吸引力的输入位点,因为在组织中发现高浓度的抗原呈递细胞(APC)和APC前体,特别是表皮朗格罕氏细胞和真皮树突状细胞。许多基因治疗剂设计用来治疗皮肤病症、皮肤疾病和皮肤癌。在这样的情况中,理想的是将所述治疗药物直接输入到得病的皮肤组织。另外,皮肤细胞是基因治疗剂有吸引力的目标,它们编码的蛋白质在远离皮肤的部位是有活性的。在这种情况中,皮肤细胞(例如角化细胞)可以起“生物反应器”的功能,能制造一种通过乳头状真皮迅速吸收入系统循环的治疗性蛋白质。在其他情况中,直接将疫苗或治疗药物输入到系统循环中对于治疗远离皮肤的病症是理想的。在这种情况中,可以通过乳头状真皮完成系统分布。
然而,如上面所讨论的,应用标准针和注射器真皮内(ID)注射在技术上很难完成,并且是疼的。以前的文章包含了许多DNA基础的以及传统的疫苗和治疗药物ID输入的说明,然而,结果是矛盾的,至少部分因为用现存的技术很难精确的瞄准ID组织。
最后,目前市场上的所有人类疫苗都是通过IM或SC途径给药的。在2001年由4个主要的全球疫苗生产者(Aventis-Pasteur,GlaxoSmithKline,Mer ck,Wyeth)销售的32种疫苗中,仅仅有两种被批准ID应用(2001 Physician Desk Reference)。实际上,生产的这32种疫苗中6种的插入物特别表明不是应用ID途径。这不顾许多出版的临床前和早期临床研究表明ID输入能通过诱导产生比通过IM和SC注射更强的免疫反应或通过和IM或SC相比以减少的剂量诱导产生相当的免疫反应来改善疫苗。(Playford,E.G.等,Infect.Control Hosp.Epidemiol.23:87,2002;Kerr,C.Trends Microbiol.9:415,2001;Rahman,F.等,Hepatology 31:521,2000;Carlsson,U.等,Scan J.Infect.Dis.28:435,1996;Propst,T.等,Amer.J.KindeyDis.32:1041,1998;Nagafuchi,S.等,Rev Med Virol.,8:97,1998;Henderson,E.A.等,Infect.Control Hosp Epidemiol.21:264,2000)。虽然已经在一些情况中注意到了ID输入疫苗有效性的提高,其他的没有观察到这样的优势(Crowe,Am.J.Med.Tech.31:387-396,1965;Letter to British Medical Journal 29/10/77,1152页;Brown等,J.Infect.Dis.136:466-471,1977;Herbert&Larke,J.Infect.Dis.140:234-238,1979;Ropac等,Periodicum Biologorum 103:39-43,2001)。
妨碍广泛应用ID输入途径以及导致以上矛盾结果的主要原因是缺少合适的装置来完成重复输入到表皮和真皮层。通常用来注射疫苗的标准针在插入皮肤时由于太大而不能精确的瞄准这些组织层面。最普通的输入方法是通过应用标准针和注射器的曼托式注射。这项技术较难实施,对于受试者来说不可靠并疼痛。因此,就需要有能有效、精确和重复的将疫苗和基因治疗剂输入到皮肤真皮层内的装置和方法。
发明概述
本发明改善了ID输入疫苗和基因治疗剂到人类或动物的临床用途。所述方法运用装置直瞄准真皮内部位并将药物以推注(bolus)或输注的方式输入到真皮内部位。已经发现,将药物输入到真皮内会产生对于疫苗和基因治疗剂有效和/或改善的反应。所述装置这样设计来阻止药物从皮肤渗漏,并提高了其在真皮空间内的吸收或细胞摄取。根据本发明的方法,已经发现对于输入疫苗的免疫反应和传统的IM输入疫苗相比是相等的或优于它,表明根据本发明的方法ID给药在很多情况中,除了提供其他的ID输入优势外,还提供改善的临床结果。
所述发现也涉及,基于直接瞄准真皮空间,将疫苗或基因物质输入个体的方法和装置,这样的方法使得输入的改善和/或对于疫苗或基因物质反应的改善。应用直接真皮(ID)内给药是指(以后指进入真皮的方法),例如应用微针基础的注射和输注系统,或其他方法来精确的瞄准真皮内部位,和传统的胃肠外给药途径,皮下和肌肉内输入相比,许多药物的功效包括疫苗和基因治疗剂可以改善。
因此,本发明的一项目标是提供一种精确瞄准ID组织的来输入疫苗或药物的方法,这些疫苗或药物包括产生免疫原性或治疗性反应的遗传物质。
本发明的进一步目标是提供一项方法,这项方法通过精确瞄准ID组织来改善对于疫苗(传统的或基因的)或包括遗传物质的药物系统免疫原性或治疗性的反应。
本发明的另外一个目标是提供一项方法,这项方法通过精确瞄准ID组织来改善疫苗(传统的或基因的)对于皮肤中存在的APC的利用率,这样实现对于疫苗的抗原-特异免疫反应。这个在许多情况中,允许小剂量的药物通过ID途径给药。
本发明的另外一个目标是提供一项方法,这项方法通过精确瞄准ID组织来改善药物的输入,这样的药物包括治疗皮肤疾病、遗传性皮肤病症或皮肤癌的遗传物质。所得的遗传物质随后由靶ID组织中的细胞表达。
本发明的另外一个目标是提供一项方法,这项方法通过精确瞄准ID组织来改善药物的输入,这样的药物包括用来治疗影响远离皮肤的组织的疾病、遗传病症或癌症的遗传物质。所得的遗传物质随后由靶ID组织中的细胞表达,远离它或两者都是。
本发明的这些和其他益处通过直接瞄准将药物输入到对于特定治疗或预防药物的优选深度而获得。所述的发明者已经发现通过特别瞄准将药物输入到真皮内部位,对于疫苗和基因治疗剂的反应会意想不到提高了,并且在许多情况中会随着所得临床有利条件而改变。
附图简述
图1显示了在输入编码萤火虫荧光素酶的质粒DNA后几内亚猪皮肤内指示基因的活性。结果显示为通过曼托法(本发明的输入方法)真皮内输入的相对光单位(RLU)/mg蛋白质,以及皮肤削片局部应用质粒DNA的对照组。
图2显示了在输入编码萤火虫荧光素酶的质粒DNA后大鼠皮肤内指示基因的活性。结果显示为通过微真皮输入方法(本发明的一个实施方案,MDD)真皮内输入的相对光单位(RLU)/mg蛋白质,以及注射了不相关质粒DNA的对照组。
图3显示了在输入编码β-半乳糖苷酶的质粒DNA后猪皮肤内指示基因的活性。结果显示为通过曼托法真皮内输入的相对光单位(RLU)/mg蛋白质,通过应用MDD装置(34g)或30g针分别垂直插入皮肤至1mm和1.5mm的深度来ID输入以及阴性对照。
图4显示了在曼托ID和MDD输入指示质粒DNA后,猪恢复皮肤部位的总蛋白质容量。对照(“阴性”)是未处理的皮肤。
图5显示了在缺少附加的佐剂时输入编码流感病毒血凝素的的质粒DNA后大鼠中流感-特异性血清抗体反应。质粒DNA通过应用MDD装置ID输入给药或应用标准针和注射器肌肉内注射给药(IM)。“局部”代表对照组,其中制剂是局部应用到皮肤的。
图6显示了在存在附加的佐剂时输入编码流感病毒血凝素的的质粒DNA后大鼠中流感-特异性血清抗体反应。质粒DNA通过应用MDD装置ID输入给药或应用标准针和注射器肌肉内注射给药(IM)。“局部”代表对照组,其中制剂是局部应用到皮肤的。
图7显示了在缺少附加的佐剂时“初次接种”质粒DNA,接着在缺少附加的佐剂时“增加”完全无活性的流感病毒后大鼠中流感-特异性血清抗体反应。质粒DNA或完全无活性的流感病毒通过应用MDD装置ID输入给药或应用标准针和注射器肌肉内注射给药(IM)。“局部”代表对照组,其中制剂是局部应用到皮肤的。
图8显示了存在附加的佐剂时“初次接种”质粒DNA,接着在缺少附加的佐剂时“增加”完全无活性的流感病毒后大鼠中流感-特异性血清抗体反应。质粒DNA或完全无活性的流感病毒通过应用MDD装置ID输入给药或应用标准针和注射器肌肉内注射给药(IM)。“局部”代表对照组,其中制剂是局部应用到皮肤的。
图9显示了大鼠中对于应用MDD装置ID输入给药或应用标准针和注射器肌肉内注射施用(IM)完全无活性的流感病毒制剂的流感-特异性血清抗体反应。“局部”代表对照组,其中制剂是局部应用到皮肤的。
图10显示了猪中对于应用MDD装置ID输入给药或应用标准针和注射器肌肉内注射施用(IM)完全无活性的流感病毒制剂的流感-特异性血清抗体反应。
图11显示了大鼠中对于应用MDD装置ID输入给药或应用标准针和注射器肌肉内注射施用(IM)完全无活性减少剂量的流感病毒制剂的流感-特异性血清抗体反应。
发明详述
当用在这里时,“真皮内”(ID)是指以这样的一种方式将药物施用到真皮内,就是所述药物迅速的达到血管丰富的乳头状真皮层,在那儿它可以迅速被系统吸收,或在情况是疫苗(传统的或基因的)或基因治疗剂时,直接被皮肤中的细胞摄取。在基因疫苗的情况中,靶细胞包括APC(包括表皮朗格罕氏细胞和真皮树突状细胞)。在影响远离皮肤的组织的疾病、遗传病症或癌症的基因治疗剂情况中,所述靶细胞包括角化细胞或其他能够表达治疗性蛋白质的皮肤细胞。在影响远离皮肤的组织的疾病、遗传病症或癌症的基因治疗剂情况中,所述靶细胞包括那些被疾病、遗传病症或癌症影响的皮肤细胞。
当用在这里时,“目标输入”是指将药物输入到目标深度,那些在治疗个体中引起相同反应的输入,但和其他可接受的输入方法(例如局部、皮下或肌肉内)相比疼痛减少,更具有重复性或其他优点。
当用在这里时,“改善的反应”包括通过其他的输入方法给药而达到的施用化合物剂量减少但获得的反应相同,或剂量相同但获得的反应增加,或者其他的治疗或免疫学的益处。
这里应用的所述名词“针”旨在包括所有的类似针的结构。这里所应用的名词微管或微针旨在包括所有的小于大约30规格的结构,典型的是31-50规格,这种结构天然是圆柱状的。所述名词微针包含的非圆柱状的结构可以是直径相当的,包括锥形的、长方形的、八角形的、楔形的和其他几何形状的。
当用在这里时,所述名词“推注”是指将一定量的药物在少于10分钟的时间内输入。“快速推注”是指将一定量的药物在少于1分钟的时间内输入。“输注”是指药物输入的时间超过10分钟。
所述名词“核酸”包括多聚核苷酸,RNA、DNA、或多于一种核苷酸的单链或双链RNA/DNA杂交序列,也可以是应用本发明的方法配制和输入的任何大小的序列。核酸可以是“反义”类型的。“核酸衍化的实体”是指一种包含整段核酸或部分核酸的实体。
“基因治疗剂”是指一种能够输入或能被受治疗个体的细胞摄取药物,以此来合成和表达遗传物质。所述的基因药物通常包括编码肽、多肽、蛋白质或有意义的糖蛋白的多聚核苷酸,任选的包含在载体或质粒中,操作性的和任何其他表达必需的核酸序列相连。
当涉及疫苗或基因治疗剂的给药时,所述名词“同时”通常是指在相同的24小时内施用两个剂量,然而“顺序地”或“连续地”是指剂量的间隔大于24小时。
本文中的那些技术人员所知同时给药通常是指在相同的药物观察时施用的剂量,然而顺序地或连续地是指剂量之间的间隔可以是天、周、月,有时是年,这依赖于特定疫苗或基因治疗的效果。在一种优选的实施方案中,“顺序的”或“连续的”是指剂量的间隔是一天到六周。
想得到的治疗或免疫原性反应直接和ID瞄准的深度有关。这些结果可以通过将药物输入到真皮的上层区域获得,例如乳头状真皮或在相对少血管的网状真皮的上层部分,这样药物就迅速的弥散入乳头状真皮。药物置入的深度主要至少是大约0.025mm-2.5mm,这是优选的。
特别地,对于疫苗,输入的目标深度是正好在角质层下,并包括表皮和上层真皮(大约0.025mm-2.5mm)。对于瞄准皮肤中细胞的治疗方法来说,优选的目标深度依赖于被瞄准的特定细胞;例如瞄准朗格罕氏细胞,输入就必须至少包括部分的表皮组织深度,典型的在人类中的范围是0.025mm-0.2mm。对于需要系统循环的治疗方法和疫苗,所述优选的深度至少是在大约0.4,最优选的至少是大约0.5至不超过大约2.5mm之间,更优选的是不超过大约2.0mm,最优选的是不超过大约1.7mm,这就会将药物输入到所想要的真皮层。将药物主要输入到更深的深度和/或到网状真皮的更低部位通常被认为是不太理想的。
根据本发明,用作ID给药的进入真皮的方法不是关键的,只要它使得插入受试者真皮的深度达到药物目标的输入深度。在大多数情况中,所述装置会刺入皮肤,并达到大约0.5-2mm的深度。所述进入真皮的装置包括传统的注射针、导管、微管或所有已知类型的微针,单独运用或以多针排列应用。
通过进入真皮的装置变化药物输入的目标深度,所述药物的作用可以调整到理想的临床应用而最适合特定病人的疾病。通过进入真皮的装置调整药物输入的目标深度可以由医生人工控制,或有或没有指示器的帮助来显示什么时候达到了理想的深度。然而优选的是,所述装置有用来控制在真皮内刺入皮肤到理想深度的结构装置。这个最典型的是利用和进入真皮的装置相连的加宽部分或轴心的装置完成的,进入真皮的装置的形式为衬垫结构或平台,上面附有针。作为进入真皮装置的微针长度在制造过程中很容易变化,并常规的制造。微针也非常尖锐并规格很小,这是为了在注射或输注过程中减少疼痛和其他感觉。他们在本发明中应用可为各自单-腔微针或许多微针以直线排列或二维排列聚集或装配,这样提高输入率或在给定时间内的药物输入量。拥有一个或多面的微针也包括在真皮进入装置内。微针也包含进许多装置中如柄和架也可以限制刺入的深度。本发明进入真皮的装置也包括贮器,在输入前存储药物,或泵或其他装置将药物或其他物质在压力下输入。供选择的,支持进入真皮装置的装置可以在外部连接这样附加的成分。所述进入真皮的装置也包括安全部件,被动或主动的来预防或减少注射事故。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,可以应用一或多个精细规格的微管垂直刺入皮肤表层来重复完成ID注射。这种输入方法(“微真皮输入”或“MDD”)要比标准曼托式注射更容易完成,由于它刺入皮肤限制和控制了深度,所以侵害性和疼痛较少。而且,应用MDD装置也能获得和标准针相似或更大生物反应,它们在这里由基因表达和免疫反应测定。在特定的物种中特定药物给药的最佳深度由文中那些技术员不经过不适当的实验来决定。
一种输递装置是优选的,它能将进入真皮的装置放在真皮内合适的部位,控制液体输入的体积和率,并将药物精确输入到理想的部位而不渗漏。微管-和微针-基础的方法学和装置在EP 1 092 444A1以及2000年6月29日提交的美国专利申请系列第606,909号中描述。标准钢管也可以用做真皮内输入,应用1999年10月14日提交的美国系列第417,671号中描述的装置和方法,它们各自的内容这里特别包含进来作为参考。这些方法和装置包括通过较精细规格(大约30G)的针限制刺入深度的输入药物,限制深度定义为所述微管的总长度或暴露在深度限制部件上的微管总长度。这些方法和装置通过30或31规格的管输入药物,然而本发明也运用34G或更精细的“微管”如果需要包括限制或控制刺入深度的装置。通过单独微管或一系列微管(或“微针”)有目标的输入药物也在本发明的范围,例如在注射装置上装上3-6根微针,装置包括或附着一个存储施用药物的贮器。
应用本发明的方法,疫苗和基因治疗剂可以以推注或输注给药。已经明白推注给药或输入可以用率控制装置实施,例如泵,或没有特殊的率控制装置,例如使用者自己-注射。上面提及的益处通过精确瞄准将药物直接输入到真皮组织间隙包括表皮组织才能最好的实现。这个通过例如应用外径小于大约250微米,暴露长度小于2mm的微针系统来实现。“暴露长度”是指精细中空管或针刺入病人皮肤的长度。这样的系统可以应用已知的方法和多种材料来构建,包括钢、硅、陶瓷和其他金属、塑料、聚合物、糖、生物和/或生物降解的材料,和/或它们的组合。
已经发现所述进入真皮给药方法的某些特定的特征提供了最有效的结果。例如,已经发现针口在真皮中放置的位置明显影响疫苗或基因治疗剂输入的临床反应。传统或标准规格的带有15°斜切角或更小斜切角针的口拥有相对大的“暴露长度”。这里应用的名词暴露长度指的是由于斜切和管轴相交的口长度。当标准针被放置在真皮内理想的部位(大约和皮肤成90°)时,这些针口较大的暴露长度会通常导致药物溢出皮肤,这是因为皮肤本身的反压力以及由于注射或输注导致液体积聚而产生的压力。典型的,本发明针口的暴露长度大约在0-1mm之间。暴露长度是0mm的针口没有斜切(或斜角为90°),并且是在针尖。在这种情况中,针口的深度和针刺入皮肤的深度一样。由斜切口形成,或由通过针侧面开口形成的针口有可以测量的暴露长度。在有斜面的针中,针口的暴露长度是由针的直径和主要斜切角(“斜角”)决定的。通常,大于20°的斜角是优选的,更优选的是在25°和40°之间。已经明白一种单针有不止一种适合将药物输入到真皮空间的开口或口。
因此所述暴露长度,对于套管的开口是通过侧面的情况,它沿着所述套管轴的位置影响了药物输入的深度和特异性。其他的原因,如输入率和输入总液体体积,单独或和套管一起,影响药物的目标输入和这些参数的变化来使结果最佳,这也在本发明的范围之内。
也已经发现控制注射或输注的压力可以避免在ID给药期间产生的高反压力。通过将恒压力直接用在液体界面来获得更恒定的输入率,它能优化吸收并获得对于输入剂量疫苗或治疗药物改善的反应。也可以控制输入率和体积来预防在输入部位风团的形成,以及预防将进入真皮装置推出皮肤的反压力。获得所选药物这些效果的合适输入率和体积可以只应用普通的技术经验性的决定,而不经过不适当的实验。多针之间空隙的增加可以使得液体分布更广,液体输入率或输入体积的增加。
在一个实施方案中,为了输入药物,将进入真皮的装置邻近受试者皮肤放置,直接提供进入真皮空间的目标通路,所述药物被输入或施用入真皮内部位,在那它们局部发挥作用或被血流吸收以及系统的分布。在另外一个实施方案中,所述进入真皮的装置的放置几乎垂直于皮肤表面来垂直插入一根或多根套管。所述进入真皮的装置和一个存储输入药物的贮器相连接。输入或施用药物的形式包括它们的溶液,形式为药学上可接受的稀释液或溶剂、乳剂、悬浮液、凝胶、微粒如微-和悬浮的或分散的毫微粒,以及原位形成的相同赋形剂。从贮器输入真皮内部位可以被动的发生,对于输入的药物不应用外部压力或其他驱动装置,和/或主动发生,应用压力或其他驱动装置。优选的压力产生装置的例子包括泵、注射器、合成橡胶膜、气体压力、压电的、电动的、电磁泵、螺旋弹簧或贝氏弹簧或垫圈或它们的组合。如果需要,药物的输入率可以变化的由压力产生装置控制。结果是所述药物进入真皮空间,吸收的量和率足以产生临床有效的结果。
可按本发明方法输入的药物包括疫苗,有或没有载体、佐剂和赋形剂,包括预防性和治疗性的药物,包括但不局限于亚单位蛋白质、多肽和多糖、多糖结合物、类毒素、基因基础疫苗、活性减弱的细菌或病毒、变异的细菌或病毒、重组细菌或病毒、无活性的细菌或病毒、整个细胞或其组分(例如哺乳动物的细胞),细胞疫苗(例如自身的树突状细胞)或其组分(例如外来体、右旋体、膜片段或小囊泡),活性病毒、活性细菌,病毒和细菌载体包括但不局限于那些由腺病毒、逆转录酶病毒、α病毒、黄病毒以及牛痘病毒衍生来的,它们和成瘾相联系(例如可卡因成瘾),炭疽病、关节炎、霍乱、白喉、登革热、破伤风、狼疮、多系统硬化症、寄生虫疾病、银屑病、莱姆病、脑膜炎、风团、腮腺炎、风疹、水痘、黄热病、呼吸系统合胞病毒、蜱媒的日本脑炎、肺炎球菌、天花、链球菌、葡萄球菌、伤寒、流行性感冒、肝炎,包括甲型、乙型、丙型和戊型肝炎,中耳炎、狂犬病、脊髓灰质炎、HIV、副流感病毒、轮状病毒、EB病毒、CMV、衣原体、非-典型嗜血杆菌、嗜血杆菌流行性感冒B(HIB)、卡他莫拉菌、人类乳头状瘤病毒、结核病包括BCG、淋病、哮喘、动脉硬化症、疟疾,大肠杆菌、阿尔茨海默病、幽门螺杆菌(H.Pylori)、沙门氏菌、糖尿病、癌症、单纯疱疹、人类乳头状瘤、鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia pestis)、旅游者疾病(traveler’s disease)、西尼罗河脑炎、弯曲杆菌(Camplobacter)、艰难梭菌(C.difficile)。遗传免疫接种合适的典型组合物在,例如美国专利第5,589,466,5,593,972和5,703,055中描述。
根据本发明的方法可以输入的特别优选的药物包括核酸、核酸衍化实体以及基因治疗剂,以及在预防、诊断、缓解、治疗或治愈疾病中类似的物质。疫苗中包含的合适的佐剂对于文中那些技术员来说是知道的。可以在本发明中应用的提高免疫反应的其他药物在2002年5月13日提交的美国专利申请第10/142,966号中揭示,这里包含进来作为参考。
特别优选的基因治疗剂包括那些显示为治疗癌症的药物,癌症包括但不局限于黑素瘤、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、卡波西肉瘤、皮肤鳞细胞癌以及基底细胞癌,腺苷脱氨酶缺乏,过度增生皮肤疾病包括但不局限于银屑病,遗传性皮肤疾病包括但不局限于表皮松解性角化过度症、大疱性表皮松解、层片状鱼鳞藓和x-联系的鱼鳞藓,血友病、囊肿性纤维化、生长失调,激素缺陷包括但不局限于人类生长激素缺陷、动脉硬化症、转铁蛋白缺陷,也包括显示为伤口愈合和组织再生的基因治疗剂。基因治疗剂合适典型的组合物在例如美国专利第5,547,932号中描述。
所述药物可以以任何药学上可接受的形式输入皮肤。在本发明的方法中应用的疫苗包括在特定制剂中合适的佐剂和载体或赋形剂。文中的技术员对它们是熟悉的。
本发明中应用的药学上可接受的肽和多肽制剂,包括变应原组合物制剂,在文中也是熟知的。本发明的方法中应用的核酸可以是RNA或DNA,或它们的组合。他们的物理状态适合ID给药,摄取以及由细胞表达。DNA和/或RNA可以包含在病毒载体或脂质体中,或如文中所知的那样,可以作为自由多聚核苷酸如质粒输入。所述核酸可以典型的配制为药学上可接受的制剂如和核酸相容的液体、凝胶或悬浮液。
典型的,为了施用疫苗或其他药物,医生将应用注射器从隔膜密封的小瓶中取出适量的体积。这个相同的注射器然后用来对病人施用疫苗。然而,微针或微管,长度典型的在0.1-2mm之间,除了长度不适合完全插入隔膜外,通常太脆而不能刺破小瓶的隔膜而抽出药物,但保持足够锐利和直在接下来应用于病人。在刺隔膜中应用这样的微装置也会导致针孔的阻塞。另外,微管较窄的规格,典型的31-50规格例如大大减少了通过针进入注射器的体积容量。这对于大多数习惯应用传统装置快速从小瓶中转移液体的医生来说是不方便的,并且这样会大大增加医生花在病人身上的时间。广泛应用微装置还需考虑的附加因素包括必须重新配制大多数药物和疫苗来减少通过微装置应用或输入的总体积(10-100μl)。因此,理想的是提供一种试剂盒包括和输入的药物组合或适应的结合的所述装置。
包括用药装置和治疗组合物的试剂盒和类似的材料在文中已经熟知了。然而,应用最小侵入的ID微装置输入药物和疫苗明显立即需要将所述装置和制剂结合而提供安全、有效和恒定的方法来施用能引起免疫原性和治疗反应的制剂。
本发明提供的试剂盒包括至少一个中空微针的输递装置,它是设计用来真皮内输入药物至0.025至2mm的合适深度,这样所述微针就可以放置在液体中和适合存储一个剂量的疫苗或基因治疗剂的贮器相连接。在一种优选的实施方案中,所述试剂盒也包含有效剂量的疫苗或基因治疗剂,任选的存储在贮器中,贮器是所述输递装置整体的一部分或功能上附着在其上面。所述中空是微针优选的在31-50规格,也可以例如是3-6根微针阵列阵的一部分。
在特别优选的实施方案中,本发明的试剂盒包括一个轴部分可连接存储疫苗的可填充贮器;
至少一个由所述轴部分支撑的微针以及从所述轴部分延伸开的前部尖端;和
一个围绕所述微针并从所述轴部分延伸到所述微针前部尖端的限制部分,所述限制物包含一个通常扁平的皮肤接触面,所述接触面通常在垂直于所述微针的轴的平面内延伸并适合透过哺乳动物的皮肤接收以施用透皮注射的疫苗,所述微针的前部尖端在所述皮肤接触面上延伸的距离大约是0.5-2.0mm,其中所述限制物部分限制了微针刺入哺乳动物皮肤真皮层。
为了应用现在发明预想的试剂盒,医生将会打开密封蜡来提供进入微装置,并优选的为疫苗或免疫原性或治疗性的组合物提供。所述组合物可在所述微装置中以任何形式预先填装,包括但不局限于凝胶、糊剂、油、乳剂、微粒、毫微粒、微微粒、悬浮液或液体。所述组合物可在试剂盒包中分别包装,例如在贮器、小瓶、管、水泡、囊或类似物。所述制剂的一种或多种成分可以低压冻干、冻干、喷雾冻干或以其他任何重组的形式。各种重组介质、清洁剂或消毒剂或局部杀菌剂(酒精擦拭,碘酒)也可以提供如果需要。如果需要,医生然后会将药物填装或并入装置,然后应用ID注射微装置将药物施用到病人。
已经大体上描述了本发明,以下特定但不局限的附有图的例子和参考给出了实施本发明的各种例子。
包含单针的进入真皮的微装置(MDD装置)代表性的例子是由34规格的钢原料(MicroGroup,Inc.,Medway,MA)制成的,应用800金刚砂研磨轮研磨单个28°的斜角。针用随后的超声波降解法在丙酮和蒸馏水中清洗,用蒸馏水流检。应用UV-治愈环氧树脂将微针封入小规格导管中(Maersk Medical)。应用带有起深度控制作用导管轴心的机械参数盘设定针的长度,并由光学显微镜确认。应用参数盘调整针的暴露长度到1mm。通过导管入口处完整的Luer适配器连接注射器。在注射过程中,针垂直插入到皮肤表层,并用轻柔的手压力将它固定在那个地方来进行推注输入。在注射前和注射后立即检查装置的功能和液体流。暴露长度是1.5mm的A30/31规格真皮内针装置,如EP 1 092 444中描述的由深度限制轴控制,也在一些例子中应用。
实施例1:ID输入和模型基因治疗/预防药物的表达,几内亚猪模型。
DNA被活体中细胞摄取和表达对于有效的基因治疗和遗传免疫接种来说是关键的。编码指示基因,萤火虫荧光素酶的质粒DNA应用为模型基因治疗剂(Aldevron,Fargo,ND)。DNA应用标准30G的针通过曼托(ID-曼托)技术真皮内(ID)施用到Hattley几内亚猪(Charles River,Raleigh,NC),或应用近似垂直插入长度为1mm(MDD装置)的34G钢微管通过MDD(ID-MDD)ID输入。质粒DNA局部应用于皮肤片作为阴性对照(质粒太大而不能被动的摄取入皮肤)。总的剂量为总体积40μIPBS中100μg/动物,应用1cc的注射器快速推注注射(<1分钟)。给药部位全厚皮肤活组织检查在注射24小时后收集,并搅匀进一步应用商业测定(Promega,Madison,WI)来处理其荧光素酶的活性。荧光素酶的活性为了组织标本中的总蛋白质含量而标准化,由BCA测定决定(Pierce,Rockford,IL)并表达为相对光单位(RLU)/mg总蛋白质(曼托和阴性对照组是n=3动物/组,MDD装置是n=6)。
结果(图1)表明在ID注射组中都有强的荧光素酶表达。MDD和曼托组中的平均荧光素酶活性分别高出阴性对照240-和220-倍。在局部对照中荧光素酶表达的水平不明显高于没处理过的皮肤部位中水平(没显示数据)。这些结果表明本发明应用MDD的方法至少和输入基因物质到ID组织的曼托技术是同样有效的,并且导致产生了由活体中皮肤细胞表达的明显局部基因表达水平。
实施例2:ID输入和模型基因治疗/预防药物的表达,大鼠模型。
和上面实施例1中所描述的相似的实验(没有曼托对照)在Brown-Norway大鼠中实施(Charles River,Raleigh,NC),来评价这个平台穿过多物种的有用性。如实施例1中那样应用相同的规则,除了装载的总质粒DNA减少到50μl体积PBS中50μg。另外,ID注射(应用MDD装置)一种不相关的质粒DNA(编码β-半乳糖苷酶)作为阴性对照。(n=4/组)如上面实施例1所述的那样测定皮肤中荧光素酶的活性。
图2中显示的结果表明通过MDD装置ID输入后,基因表达明显。在恢复皮肤部位的荧光素酶活性要比阴性对照组中的大3000倍。这些结果进一步表明了本发明的方法在输入活体中基因基础的实体是有用的,这导致了皮肤细胞基因表达的高水平。
实施例3:ID输入和模型基因治疗/预防药物的表达,猪模型。
猪很久以前就被认为是皮肤基础输入研究的优选动物模型。猪的皮肤在总厚度和毛囊密度方面要比啮齿类动物与人类皮肤更相似。因此,所述的猪模型(约克夏猪;Archer Farms,Belcamp,MD)作为用来预测这个系统在人类中是否有用的一种方法。如上面实施例1和实施例2那样进行实验,除了应用一种不同的显示基因系统,β-半乳糖苷酶(Aldevron,Fargo,ND)。总的输入剂量是50μl体积中50μg。DNA应用以下的方法注射i)应用30G的针和注射器通过曼托法,ii)应用30/31G的针,这种针装配了一种将针刺入深度限制在1.5mm的部件,通过垂直插入皮肤ID输入,iii)应用34G的针,这种针装配了一种将针刺入深度限制在1.0mm的部件(MDD),通过垂直插入皮肤ID输入。阴性对照组包含了i-iii的方法ID输入不相关的编码荧光素酶的质粒DNA。(ID曼托组,4只猪n=11皮肤部位;ID,30/31G,1.5mm装置组,4只猪n=11皮肤部位;ID,34G,1mm装置,4只猪n=10皮肤部位;阴性对照组,4只猪n=19皮肤部位)对于阴性对照,由于所有的3种方法产生相似的结果,所以来自3中ID输入方法的所有数据结合起来。
组织中显示基因的活性根本上可以如实施例1中描述的那样测定,除了用β-半乳糖苷酶探测测定(Applied Biosystems,Foster City,CA)替换荧光素酶测定。
如图3所示的结果,表明在所有3种方法ID输入后皮肤中显示基因表达强烈。ID-曼托组中反应比背景高出100倍,相比之下ID,34G,1mm(MDD)组中高出背景300倍,ID,30G,1.5mm(30g,1.5mm)组中高出背景20倍。皮肤细胞总显示基因的表达,如通过从离体皮肤组织活组织切片检查取回的显示基因平均活性的测定那样,在ID,34G,1mm(MDD)组中最强,是563,523RLU/mg,相比之下ID,30G,曼托组中是200,788RLU/mg,ID(30G,1.5mm)组中是42,470RLU/mg,阴性对照组中是1,869RLU/mg。因此,和标准曼托式注射或应用更长(1.5mm)和更宽直径(30G)的针相似垂直针插入和输入相比,通过垂直插入34G,1.0mm针(MDD)进行ID输入的摄取和皮肤DNA的表达更好。应用这3中装置和方法输入可见染剂的相似的研究表明34G,1.0mm针要比其他2种针/方法更恒定的输入ID组织,并且导致更少的施用剂量“溢出”进入皮下(SC)组织。
这些不同点是出乎意料的,因为所有3中装置和方法理论上瞄准了相同的组织部位。然而,和几乎垂直插入技术相比,应用侧插入(曼托)技术控制输入的深度要难得多,而前者通过深度限制轴能实现控制管的长度。此外,针插入的深度和针口的暴露长度是和重复ID输入但不SC“溢出”或渗漏在皮肤表面相关的重要特征。
这些结果进一步表明本发明的方法对于输入活体较大哺乳动物中基因基础实体是有用的,导致皮肤细胞基因高水平的表达。此外,猪和人类皮肤组成的相似性表明在人类中应该获得同等的临床改善。
实施例4:不直接的测定ID输入后的局部组织的损害
上面实施例3显示的结果表明应用MDD-基础ID输入和应用标准针曼托-基础注射相比,能获得意想不到的改善了的效果。此外,所述MDD管机械损坏的组织区域较小,因为和标准针相比它们插入的深度减少,并且不象曼托-式注射那样侧着“迂回前进”通过ID组织。组织的破坏和炎症导致许多感染蛋白、化学激活因子、细胞活素和其他炎症介质的释放。
因此,取回的皮肤部位的总蛋白含量可以用做对于由两种方法引起的组织破坏和局部炎症的非直接的测定。应用BCA测定(Pierce,Rockford,IL)可以测定上面实施例3中(不包括30g,1.5mm)来自取回的猪样本皮肤活组织切片中总蛋白的水平。如图4所示,和未处理过的皮肤相比,所有的输入方法引起总蛋白含量的增加。然而,ID曼托组取回的皮肤活组织切片中总蛋白的水平要明显比MDD组中相应的水平高(p=0.01t检验)(2.4mg/ml对比1.5mg/ml)。这些结果提供了非直接的事实,强有力的表明通过本发明的方法输入对于组织的机械破坏要比相应的由曼托-式ID注射引起的破坏少。
实施例5:在大鼠中ID输入后流感DNA疫苗免疫反应的诱导
上面所述的例子表明较窄规格的微管可以用来有效的将模型核酸基础化合物输入皮肤而导致皮肤细胞基因高水平的表达。为了研究通过本发明的方法输入DNA疫苗的可用性,对大鼠免疫接种编码来自A/PR/8/34株的流感病毒血凝素(HA)的质粒DNA(质粒由佐治亚州亚特兰大Emory Universityi School of Medicine的Ha-rriet Robinson博士提供)。Brown-Norway大鼠(n=3/组)用质粒DNA PBS溶液(通过快速推注注射输入50μl体积中50μg/大鼠)免疫接种3次(第0,21,42天)应用如实施例2中所述的MDD装置ID或应用传统30G针和1cc注射器IM入四头肌。作为阴性对照,对于未处理的皮肤局部应用DNA。在第3、5、8、11周收集血清,并用ELISA分析流感特异性抗体的存在。简要的,微量滴定器皿(Nalge Nunc,Rochester,NY)涂上0.1μg的完全无活性的流感病毒(A/PR/8/34;Charles RiverSPAFSA,North Franklin,CT)在4℃下过夜。在PBS加5%撇取牛奶中37℃条件下封固1小时,培养皿和实验血清一系列的稀释液在37℃条件下保温1小时。然后清洗培养皿,进而和辣根过氧化物酶结合的抗大鼠IgG,H+L链(Southern Biotech,Birmingham,AL),在37℃条件下保温30分钟,然后用TMB感光胶层(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)显影。在Tecan SunriseTM读盘上(Tecan,RTP,NC)读出吸收度(A450)。
所述结果(图5)表明通过本发明的方法输入不带附加佐剂的基因流感疫苗诱导产生强烈的流感-特异性血清抗体反应。这个反应的大小和通过IM注射诱导产生的反应在所有测定时间点是相等的。在局部对照组中没有观察到反应。因此通过本发明的方法输入基因疫苗诱导产生的免疫反应至少和那些由传统IM注射途径诱导产生的是一样强的。
为了进一步研究本发明方法佐剂基因疫苗的输入,上面描述的流感HA-编码质粒DNA应用MPL+TDM RiBi佐剂系统(RIBI免疫化学,Hamilton,MT)根据制造者的指导来配制。大鼠(n=3/组)如上所述被免疫接种并用来分析流感特异性血清抗体。ID输入组的滴度和接受第一和第二次免疫接种(3-5周,图6)后的IM组是相同的。然而,第三个剂量后,ID-诱导产生的滴度明显大于(p=0.03,t检验)通过IM注射诱导产生的相应滴度(图6)。在第11周,平均ID-诱导产生的滴度是42,000相比之下IM注射只有4,600。局部对照不能产生流感-特异性反应。因此,通过本发明的方法输入带有佐剂的基因疫苗诱导产生的免疫反应要比那些IM注射的传统路径强烈。
实施例6:在大鼠ID输入后对流感DNA/病毒“初次接种-加强”免疫反应的诱导
一种最近发展的配制针对很多疾病疫苗的方法,包括HIV,被称为“初次接种-加强”方法,其中起初的“初次接种”免疫接种和后来的“加强”运用不同的疫苗种类(Immunology Today,Apr21(4):163-165,2000)。例如,可以先用所述疫苗质粒DNA形式初次接种,接着用蛋白质亚单位、无活性的病毒或载体DNA制剂随后加强。为了研究通过本发明的方法输入这些类型的疫苗,实施例5的第一个实验继续进行6周。在第11周,DNA-初次接种的大鼠用完全无活性的流感病毒加强(A/PR/8/34,通过快速推注注射100μg/50μl体积的PBS)。病毒由Charles RiverSPAFAS,North Franklin,CT获得。如上所述流感-特异性血清抗体滴度在第13周和17周测定。ID输入和IM注射诱导产生强力的加强效应(图7)。在第17周,所有输入方法的平均流感-特异性滴度是相等的(滴度=540,000),要比独立局部输入后观察到的弱滴度(滴度=3200)明显高。因此,本发明的输入方法是适合“初次接种-加强”免疫接种计划的,它诱导产生的免疫反应至少和那些所述传统IM注射途径诱导产生的一样强。
为了评估佐剂对于“初次接种-加强”反应的作用,实施例5中所述的第二个实验继续进行6周。在第11周,DNA-初次接种的大鼠用完全无活性的流感病毒加强(A/PR/8/34,如上通过快速推注注射100μg/50μl体积的PBS)。如上所述流感-特异性血清抗体滴度通过ELISA在第13周和17周测定。ID输入和IM注射诱导产生强力的加强效应(图8)。在病毒加强后ID输入组中的平均滴度要高于通过IM注射的;在第13周所述ID-MDD(MDD)的平均滴度是540,000相比之下通过IM注射是240,000,通过独立的局部应用是3,200。因此,本发明的输入方法是适合包含佐剂的“初次接种-加强”免疫接种计划,它诱导产生的免疫反应比那些所述传统IM注射途径诱导产生的强。
实施例7:在大鼠中ID输入后流感病毒疫苗免疫反应的诱导
为了研究通过本发明的方法输入传统疫苗的有用性,如实施例6所述的那样应用标准针和注射器通过ID输入或肌肉内注射(IM)无活性的流感病毒制剂来对大鼠进行免疫接种。作为阴性对照,疫苗溶液局部应用于未处理的皮肤;大分子量的无活性的流感病毒由于被动的局部吸收而妨碍了有效的免疫接种。如上面那样,疫苗剂量为50μl体积中100μg总蛋白质/动物,通过快速推注注射输入(<1分钟)。大鼠免疫接种3次(第0,21,42天);收集血清并如上面那样通过ELISA在第21,35,56天分析流感特异抗体;n=4大鼠/组。
图9中显示的结果表明,ID输入诱导产生强的抗原特异性免疫反应。通过2种注射途径,ID和IM诱导产生的抗体水平相似。ID-MDD组(MDD)中的最高几何平均滴度稍微有点高;和IM注射相比是147,200比102,400。局部应用疫苗只刺激产生非常弱的反应(最高平均滴度=500)。因此,以高剂量ID输入传统疫苗诱导产生的免疫反应至少和那些由IM注射的传统途径诱导产生的一样强。
实施例8:在猪中ID输入后流感疫苗免疫反应的诱导
如上所述的那样,猪代表了一种和人类皮肤十分相似的有吸引力的皮肤模型。为了测试在疫苗输入过程中的ID输递装置,约克夏猪接种如上所述的无活性的流感疫苗,对比ID输入和IM注射。猪在第0,21,49天免疫接种;收集血清并如上面那样通过ELISA在第14,36,49,60天分析流感特异抗体。猪特异性次级抗体从Bethyl实验室,Montgomery,TX获得。
结果(图10)显示ID输入诱导产生强的抗原特异性免疫反应。通过2种注射途径,ID和IM诱导产生相似水平的抗体。MDD组中的最高几何平均滴度稍微有点高;和IM注射相比是1,333比667。因此,以高剂量ID输入传统疫苗诱导产生的免疫反应至少和那些由IM注射的传统途径诱导产生的一样强。
实施例9:ID输入低剂量的流感疫苗
在实施例7中,大鼠通过ID注射或应用传统的针和注射器IM注射来免疫接种100μg无毒性的流感病毒。以这样高的剂量,两种输入方法诱导产生相似水平的血清抗体,但是在最后时间点,ID诱导产生的滴度比IM诱导产生的滴度稍微高点。
为了进一步研究输入方法和剂量水平的关系,对大鼠免疫接种剂量减少的无活性的流感病毒,在1μg-0.01μg/动物,应用如上所述的ID和IM给药途径。对大鼠免疫接种3次(第0,21,24)并在第21,35,56天分析血清抗流感抗体(n=4大鼠/组)。图11中显示的数据反映了第56天的滴度,但在第21天和35天观察到的滴度相似。ID输入(MDD)产生的明显的抗体反应大小,在3种实验剂量时没有明显区别;例如输入0.01μg(10ng)诱导产生的滴度和应用100倍更多疫苗(1μg)观察到的相同。相比之下,当IM的剂量从1μg减少至0.1μg再进一步减少为0.01μg时,观察到滴度明显减少。此外,ID输入和IM比较,诱导产生的滴度变化明显更少。特别是,在ID给药部位没有观察到可见的副反应(对皮肤不好的作用)。
结果有力的显示通过本发明的方法ID输入和IM注射相比能明显减少疫苗的剂量(至少100倍)。应用纳克级疫苗能观察到明显的免疫反应。在临床情况中,可期待相似的益处。
这里所述的结果证明ID注射疫苗和基因物质可以重复完成本发明的方法。这种输入方法比标准的曼托-式注射或IM要容易实施,在一种实施情况中,由于它限制和控制刺入皮肤的深度,因此它侵袭性和疼痛较少。此外,这种方法提供了比应用传统针曼托-式注射更可重复的ID输入,结果是更好的瞄准了皮肤细胞而如上所述的更有益。
此外,所述方法和完全-无活性的病毒疫苗以及DNA质粒是相容的,不会发生任何相关的生物效能的降低,这种降低是由于病毒微粒或质粒DNA在通过和活体ID输入相关的相对高压力微管时会被剪切或降解。这里详述的结果表明通过ID输入尤其是在疫苗剂量减少时,会诱导产生更强的免疫反应,因此它会潜在的明显减少人类疫苗的剂量和结合。
上面所述的结果表明应用以上所述的装置通过ID输入和应用传统针和注射器通过标准肌肉内(IM)注射相比会改善免疫接种。剂量减少的研究(实施例9)表明大鼠中ID输入诱导产生的对于流感疫苗的血清抗体反应所应用的疫苗至少要比通过IM注射需要的少100倍。如果应用在临床,这样的剂量减少会减少或消除世界上通常的流感疫苗短缺问题。此外,这样的减少剂量的能力可以以单剂量输入更大量的疫苗抗原,因此可以结合疫苗。这个方法尤其和HIV疫苗相关,可能的是有必要同时接种许多基因变异体/亚株来诱导保护性免疫。
期望其他类型的预防性和治疗性疫苗、免疫治疗药物和细胞基础的实体应用本发明的方法和装置更好的瞄准免疫系统而获得有相似的益处。
在另外一个实施方案中,将本发明的ID输入方法和传统给药方法相结合也在本发明的范围之内,例如IP、IM、鼻腔内或其他黏膜途径或SQ注射、局部或皮肤吸收方法来改善免疫学或治疗性反应。这包括例如,同种或异种疫苗或治疗药物,同时或相继给药。
在这个说明书中引用的所有参考书目这里包括进来作为参考。这里对于参考书目的讨论仅仅是为了概述他们作者的主张,并没承认任何参考构成和专利权相关的优选文章。专利申请保留质询所应用参考书目的精确性和相关性。
在这项说明书中阐述和讨论的实施方案仅仅是为了教那些技术人员发明者所知的最好的构造和应用本发明的方法,不应该认为是限制了本发明的范围。本发明的典型实施方案可以修改或变化,加入或省略部分而不背离本发明,正如那些文中的技术员按照上面的指导所发现的那样。所以已经明白在权利要求和它们等价体的范围之内,本发明除非特别描述是可以实施的。
Claims (4)
1.一种试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒包括
输递装置,该装置具有一个限制部分,该限制部分具有一个皮肤接触面;
中空微针,该中空微针的前部尖端距离所述皮肤接触面0.5mm至2.0mm,所述中空微针的针口的暴露长度为0-1mm;
与微针内部呈流体输送关系的贮器,所述贮器含有至少预定量的基因治疗剂或疫苗;和
使基因治疗剂或疫苗在压力下输送至真皮内的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其中,所述中空微针的规格是31-50。
3.如权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其中,所述试剂盒包含微针阵列。
4.如权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其中,所述试剂盒包含
可连接到可预先装填存储疫苗的贮器上的轴部分;
至少一根所述中空微针由所述轴部分支持,并具有从所述轴部分延伸开的前部尖端;和
所述限制部分围绕所述微针并从所述轴部分延伸到所述微针前部尖端,所述限制部分包含一个扁平的皮肤接触面,所述接触面在垂直于所述微针的轴的平面内延伸并适合通过哺乳动物的皮肤接收以施用透皮注射的疫苗,所述微针的前部尖端在所述皮肤接触面上延伸的距离是0.5-2.0mm,其中所述限制部分限制了微针刺入哺乳动物皮肤真皮层。
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CN1520320A (zh) * | 2001-04-13 | 2004-08-11 | 贝克顿迪肯森公司 | 皮内注射物质的方法 |
AU2002254558A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-11 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Novel vaccine |
WO2003002069A2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-09 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Intradermal delivery of vaccines and gene therapeutic agents via microcannula |
US20030073609A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-04-17 | Pinkerton Thomas C. | Enhanced pharmacokinetic profile of intradermally delivered substances |
US20040120964A1 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2004-06-24 | Mikszta John A. | Needleless vaccination using chimeric yellow fever vaccine-vectored vaccines against heterologous flaviviruses |
US20030093040A1 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-05-15 | Mikszta John A. | Method and device for the delivery of a substance |
US20050096331A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2005-05-05 | Das Saibal K. | Novel compounds and their use in medicine process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
ES2374042T3 (es) * | 2002-02-04 | 2012-02-13 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Dispositivo y método para suministrar o extraer una sustancia a través de la piel. |
JP2005537054A (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-12-08 | ベクトン・ディキンソン・アンド・カンパニー | 免疫調節化合物の薬物動態を制御する方法 |
US20050123550A1 (en) * | 2003-05-12 | 2005-06-09 | Laurent Philippe E. | Molecules enhancing dermal delivery of influenza vaccines |
WO2005023328A2 (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-03-17 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Methods for intradermal delivery of therapeutics agents |
US20050096332A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-05 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory processes |
-
2002
- 2002-07-01 WO PCT/US2002/020780 patent/WO2003002069A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-07-01 JP JP2003508311A patent/JP2004531578A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-01 MX MXPA03011611A patent/MXPA03011611A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-01 CA CA002451816A patent/CA2451816A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-01 US US10/185,717 patent/US20020198509A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-01 CN CNB028128230A patent/CN1253220C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-01 BR BR0210628-0A patent/BR0210628A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-01 EP EP02763212A patent/EP1416986A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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2003
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1520318A (zh) | 2004-08-11 |
JP2004531578A (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
EP1416986A2 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
WO2003002069A3 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
MXPA03011611A (es) | 2004-07-01 |
WO2003002069A2 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
US20020198509A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
EP1416986A4 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
US7473247B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
BR0210628A (pt) | 2004-08-10 |
US20040131641A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
CA2451816A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
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