CN1249787A - 抗紫外线的弹性体单丝 - Google Patents

抗紫外线的弹性体单丝 Download PDF

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CN1249787A
CN1249787A CN98803054A CN98803054A CN1249787A CN 1249787 A CN1249787 A CN 1249787A CN 98803054 A CN98803054 A CN 98803054A CN 98803054 A CN98803054 A CN 98803054A CN 1249787 A CN1249787 A CN 1249787A
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E·J·赛菲尔特
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Abstract

抗紫外线的弹性体单丝,有各自含有约1.8%~约30%(重量)范围内的碳的外皮和芯。

Description

抗紫外线的弹性体单丝
发明背景
本发明涉及弹性体聚酯单丝、尤其一种共挤出双组分单丝对曝露于紫外(UV)光引起的降解的抗性的改善方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及有一个外鞘和一个芯的抗紫外线弹性体单丝,两者各自含有紫外线防护量的、范围为约1.8%~3.0%(重量)的碳。
美国专利No.4,469,739描述了一种部分地从弹性体单丝和部分地从天然纱或合成纱制成的取向机织家具支撑材料。将该弹性体织在一个第一方向上,而将纱织在一个与第一方向垂直的第二方向上,随后将所得到机织织物进行热定形。按照一个实施方案,热塑性弹性体丝是共挤出的双组分皮/型芯单丝,其中构成外皮的弹性体的熔点比芯弹性体低至少20℃。此前,这样一种机织织物诸如作为座位支撑材料的用途一直限于那些不会曝露于紫外光的用途,例如,那些其中该织物用另外一层能防止紫外光直接或间接接触该织物的材料覆盖的用途。紫外光已被显示能引起该机织织物、特别是该织物的弹性体单丝组分的物理性能大大降低。
发明概要
本发明寓于如下发现:包含一个外鞘和一个芯的双组分弹性体聚酯单丝对直接或间接曝露于紫外光而引起的降解的抗性,可以通过把某一紫外线防护量的碳掺入该外鞘和该芯的弹性体材料中而得到实质性改善。因此,按照一个方面,本发明是一种有一个芯和一个外鞘的双组分弹性体单丝通过向所述芯中和所述外鞘中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳来改善其紫外线抗性的方法。
按照另一个方面,本发明是一种有一个基本上由第一聚酯弹性体组成的芯和一个基本上由第二聚酯弹性体组成的外鞘的改进型双组分弹性体单丝,所述第二(即外鞘)弹性体有比第一弹性体低至少20℃的熔点,其中,该改进包括向所述第一弹性体中和向所述第二弹性体中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳,例如一般来说在约1.8%~3.0%(重量)范围内某一数量的有预定粒度的碳。在一个较好实施方案中,碳是这样掺入每一种弹性体组合物中的:先制备一种包括75%(重量)该弹性体和25%(重量)碳的浓制剂,然后以10%(重量)浓制剂对90%(重量)原料弹性体的比例使该碳/弹性体浓制剂均匀掺合到对应的原料弹性体中。芯和外鞘各自的弹性体组分中碳的最终浓度均应在上述范围内,然而对于最佳结果来说碳的浓度是约2.5%(重量)。
按照又另一个方面,本发明是一种改进的取向机织支撑材料,例如家具用支撑材料,包含在一个第一方向上和在一个与该第一方向垂直的第二方向上的交叉纱线,其中第一方向上的纱线包含从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的、有皮/芯构型的取向热塑性弹性体单丝,且外皮是一种其熔点比芯中弹性体的熔点低至少20℃的弹性体,而第二方向上的纱线包含一种非弹性体的、天然或合成的纱,该改进包括向所述外皮中和向所述芯中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳,例如一般来说在约1.8%~约3.0%(重量)范围内某一数量、较好2.5%(重量)的碳。
当如所述那样把碳既引进芯中也引进外皮中时,所得到的弹性体单丝与当碳只掺入外皮中或根本不掺入时相比实质性地改善了对紫外光引起的降解的抗性。
详细描述
本发明的皮/芯单丝中使用的热塑性弹性体,可以是一种可取向共聚醚酯弹性体、一种聚氨酯弹性体、或一种聚酯酰胺弹性体,其中外皮组分的熔点大大低于芯组分的熔点,即比芯中弹性体的熔点低至少约20℃。按照本发明使用的较好热塑性弹性体是一种如美国专利No.3,651,014、3,763,109、3,766,146和4,136,715中一篇或多篇所述的共聚醚酯弹性体,这些专利的内容列为本文参考文献。这样的共聚醚酯聚合物的基本组成为通过酯键头尾相连的多个重复线型长链和短链酯单元,其化学结构对于熟悉本门技术的人员来说是众所周知的。
在本发明的较好实施方案中,该单丝的外皮是Hytrel4056聚醚酯嵌段共聚物,而该单丝的芯是Hytrel7246聚醚酯嵌段共聚物(商业上可购自杜邦公司,美国特拉华州威尔明顿)。该单丝是用诸如美国专利No.5,313,909中所述那样技术上已知的惯用方法,让芯和外皮从熔融热塑性聚合物通过模具共挤出来制备的。该单丝的组成通常为约75%芯和约25%外皮,尽管构成该芯和该外皮的弹性体的确切百分率可以在宽阔范围内变化。
本发明中使用的碳可以是任何一种市售碳黑,例如有“细”到“中”粒度的Vulcan9A32或Elftex12(可购自Cabot公司)。所谓“细”系指碳黑的粒度一般在约19nm范围内,而“中”粒度系指碳颗粒的粒度范围可以从“细”直至约37~41nm。更细粒度的碳倾向于提供对紫外线降解的更高水平防护,但更细的颗粒会变得更难以分散在聚合物中,而且也倾向于比中等或粗大碳颗粒更快地吸收水分。无论粒度如何,较好的是,该碳黑要具有一种吸湿率尽可能低的级别。
为了得到最佳结果,重要是该碳黑要均匀地分布在皮和芯聚合物组分内。已经发现,通过先制备一种包含25%(重量)碳和75%(重量)的各自原料弹性体的碳/弹性体“浓制剂”,就能达到这样一种均匀分布。碳组分在一种为此目的而设计的机器例如Farrell连续混合机或班伯里密炼机中强烈混合并分散到对应的熔融原料弹性体中,然后用一台熔体切割机或者铸带条切割机把这种浓制剂切成粒料。在本发明的一种较好实施方案中,这种含碳浓制剂在将其掺合到对应原料弹性体中之前预先干燥到0.005%~0.02%(重量)范围内的某一低湿水平,尽管干燥也可以在掺合后进行。已经发现,低湿含量提高了含碳的原料聚合物的可加工性。然后,将呈粒料形式的预干燥含碳浓制剂和也呈粒料形式的芯和外皮的各自原料聚合物预混,以确保该含碳浓制剂在整个原料聚合物粒料混合物中的总体均匀分布。然后,每一种原料聚合物粒料混合物在一台单螺杆或双螺杆挤压机中挤压,其中,这些成分的熔融和进一步混合可以在熔融态下进行,同时熔体计量进入一个喷丝孔系统中,在此,在为此目的而设计的加热喷丝孔中形成皮组分和芯组分。离开喷丝孔的熔融单一纤维被冷却,然后在机器方向上进行后取向,以赋予该单丝以强度。然后,把取向的单丝绕到卷轴上。
测试
然后,把按以上所述生产的单丝样品(即该单丝的外皮是Hytrel4056聚醚酯嵌段共聚物,且该单丝的芯是Hytrel7246聚醚酯嵌段共聚物)放进一台氙光源标准老化试验机中(即,一个“室内试验周期”)并对紫外光曝露到200和400KJ/m2的水平。该周期按照SAE J1885进行。每个生产批号的对照样品均予以保留和防护,以免曝露于任何紫外光。在随后的表中,这些对照样品简称为“O”KJ/m2曝露样品。
在暴露于紫外光之后,所有样品(其中每个批号有3个样品)都在一台Instron拉伸试验机上进行拉伸测试。样品测量长度10英寸(25.4cm),十字夹头速度设定在10英寸/分钟(25.4cm/min),所有样品都在23℃、40%RH(相对湿度)预处理24小时。随后的表1显示对每个样品记录的抗张性能。
样品测试前的目视考察时,观察到已曝露于紫外光的样品,除那些在芯中和外皮中含有2.5%碳的样品外,都出现裂纹和表面龟裂。这些样品有非常亮而光滑的表面,外观与对照样品相同。按照本发明含有2.5%(重量)碳的样品,当与未曝光(0KJ/m2)样品比较时,显示出在断裂负荷、抗张强度和尤其断裂伸长方面差异非常小。
表1
拉伸试验结果(单丝)
单丝组成(%碳黑) 紫外线曝光(KJ/m2)   断裂负荷牛顿   抗张强度(Mpa) 伸长率(%)   韧性kPa
芯0皮0     0200400     27.67.65.8     294.485.564.1   87.324.822.9   151.713.19.7
芯0皮0.4     0200400     26.78.94.4     269.690.344.8   101.427.413.9   157.215.24.8
芯0.4皮0.4     0200400     25.410.29.3     250.3101.495.1   122.735.531.2   180.622.117.9
芯0.75皮0.4     0200400     23.610.710.2     237.9105.5102.7   115.037.935.5   164.824.122.8
芯1.5皮0.4     0200400     23.111.111.5     231.7111.7113.8   119.944.447.2   170.332.436.5
芯2.5皮0.4     0200400     23.111.611.6     231.0116.5113.1   122.854.056.6   173.144.844.8
芯0.75皮0.75     0200400     24.511.110.7     240.6109.6106.2   118.136.634.4   173.124.822.1
芯1.5皮1.5     0200400     25.415.612.0     242.7149.6113.1   128.881.547.9   186.882.035.9
芯2.5皮2.5     0200400     22.722.219.1     225.5207.5178.6   122.4133.4117.1   169.6168.2132.4
韧性定义为应力-应变曲线下的面积。
机织织物试验结果
本发明的取向机织支撑材料是一种机织织物,其构型包含在一个第一方向上和在一个与该第一方向垂直的第二方向上的交叉纱线,其中第一方向上的纱线包含从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的、有皮/芯构型、且外皮是一种其熔点比芯中弹性体的熔点低至少20℃的弹性体的取向热塑性弹性体单丝,而第二方向上的纱线可以与第一方向上的纱线相同,或者如同在随后的实例中那样,它们包含一种非弹性体的、天然的或合成的纱。这样的纱可以包括但不限于棉、聚酯、尼龙、嫘萦、丙烯腈系、改性丙烯腈系和聚烯烃系纱。这种织物支撑材料可以像美国专利No.4,469,739中所述的那样制备(该专利的内容列为本文参考文献,而且可作为Dymetrol牌机织、热封的弹性织物(杜邦公司,美国特拉华州威尔明顿)市购。Dymetrol织物的样品也按照SAEJ1885在一台老化试验机(Weatherometer)中曝露于紫外光,并在一台Instron拉伸试验机上进行物理测试。该织物是一种14纬纱共挤出芯/皮弹性体单丝组织、聚酯经纱缎纹组织,所有样品都在单丝方向上拉伸。
在每种情况下,该缎纹组织织物以聚酯为主的一侧以及以单丝为主的一侧在该测试中均应放置得使每一侧都能面对光源。这两侧在以下表2中报告的测试结果中分别称为“白”侧和“黑”侧。
                  表2
             机织织物测试结果
 单丝组成(%碳)  面对光源的织物样品一侧   曝光水平(KJ/m2)   断裂负荷牛顿  断裂伸长率(%)   韧性kPa
 皮0.4芯0     -黑白     0451.2451.2     232.632.052.0     82.73.010.5   707.42.822.8
 皮2.5芯2.5     -黑白     0451.2451.2     202.4187.7194.4     102.088.896.8   832.2695.0766.0
织物样品宽度:2.54cm(正好14股单丝)。紫外线曝光试验按照SAE J1885进行。Iustron:测试长度10.16cm;十字夹头速度25.4cm/min。测试条件:23℃,50%RH。测试:每次曝光试验3个样品,结果取平均值。单丝组成:芯Hytrel7246;皮Hytrel4056;单丝由75%(体积)芯和25%(体积)皮组成。
这些结果显示,由于在构成该织物的单丝的皮组分和芯组分中添加2.5%碳,该织物的强度和完整性在老化试验机(Weatherometer)中能保持到至少451.2KJ/m2的紫外线曝光水平。例如,考虑“黑”样品,其中缎纹组织织物样品以单丝为主的一侧在该老化试验机(Weatherometer)中直接曝露于氙灯光源,可以看到,应力-应变曲线下的面积即因而代表断裂负荷与伸长率的组合的韧性提高了25,100%。
外部汽车用织物老化试验机测试结果
紫外光试验也在一台老化试验机(Weatherometer)中进行,其中该单丝遭遇到按照SAE J1960试验程序对样品间歇加湿的标准外部汽车用织物周期。拉伸结果列于以下表3中。
                 表3
 单丝组成(%碳) 紫外线曝光(KJ/m2)   断裂负荷牛顿   伸长率(%)     韧性kPa
  皮0.4芯0     0451.2     26.210.2     10334     140.621.4
  皮2.5芯2.5     0451.2     24.520.9     123122     162.0142.0
权利要求书
按照条约第19条的修改
1.一种提高包含有一个芯和一个外皮的双组分弹性体单丝的耐紫外线性能的方法,所述芯的基本组成为一种第一聚酯弹性体,所述外皮的基本组成为一种其熔点比第一弹性体低至少20℃的第二聚酯弹性体,所述芯和外皮弹性体是从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的,该方法包括向所述芯中和向所述外皮中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中该碳是这样掺入所述芯和所述外皮弹性体组分各自当中去的:先形成每种组分的碳/弹性体浓制剂,其中包含所述弹性体各75%(重量)和碳25%(重量),使该浓制剂干燥到0.005%~0.02%(重量)水分范围内某一低湿水平,然后以10%(重量)浓制剂对90%(重量)原料弹性体的比例将所得到的所述碳/弹性体浓制剂均匀地掺合到对应的原料弹性体中,从而使所得到的、所述芯和所述外皮各弹性体组分中碳的浓度均在约1.8%~约3.0%(重量)碳的范围内。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中,碳/弹性体浓制剂先均匀地掺合到各自对应的原料聚合物中,然后使所得到的原料聚合物/浓制剂掺合物干燥,直至该浓制剂的湿含量达到0.005%~0.02%(重量)范围。
4.一种改进的双组分弹性体单丝,其芯基本上由一种第一聚酯弹性体组成,且其外皮基本上由一种第二聚酯弹性体组成,所述第二弹性体的熔点比第一弹性体低至少20℃,所述芯和所述外皮弹性体是从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯、和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的,其中该改进包括向所述第一弹性体中和向所述第二弹性体中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳。
5.权利要求4的单丝,其中该碳包括有约19nm~约45nm范围内粒度的颗粒。
6.一种改进的取向机织支撑材料,即一种有包括在一个第一方向上和在一个与该第一方向垂直的第二方向上的交叉纱线的构型的织物,其中,该第一方向上的纱线包含从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯、和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的、有皮/芯构型的取向热塑性弹性体单丝,且所述外皮是一种其熔点比构成所述芯的弹性体的熔点低至少20℃的弹性体,而该第二方向上的纱线包括一种非弹性的、天然的或合成的纱、该改进包括向所述第一弹性体中和向所述第二弹性体中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳。
7.权利要求6的织物,其中,该第二方向上的纱线包含从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯、和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的、有皮/芯构型的取向热塑性弹性体单丝,且所述鞘是一种其熔点比构成所述芯的弹性体的熔点低至少20℃的弹性体,而且该紫外线防护量的碳是以约1.8%~3.0%(重量)范围内某一浓度均匀分布在外皮内和芯内的。

Claims (7)

1.一种提高包含有一个芯和一个外皮的双组分弹性体单丝的耐紫外线性能的方法,所述芯的基本组成为一种第一聚酯弹性体,所述外皮的基本组成为一种其熔点比第一弹性体低至少20℃的第二聚酯弹性体,所述芯和外皮弹性体是从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的,该方法包括向所述芯中和向所述外皮中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中该碳是这样掺入所述芯和所述外皮弹性体组分各自当中去的:先形成每种组分的碳/弹性体浓制剂,其中包含所述弹性体各75%(重量)和碳25%(重量),使该浓制剂干燥到0.005%~0.02%(重量)水分范围内某一低湿水平,然后以10%(重量)浓制剂对90%(重量)原料弹性体的比例将所得到的所述碳/弹性体浓制剂均匀地掺合到对应的原料弹性体中,从而使所得到的、所述芯和所述外皮各弹性体组分中碳的浓度均在约1.8%~约3.0%(重量)碳的范围内。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中,碳/弹性体浓制剂先均匀地掺合到各自对应的原料聚合物中,然后使所得到的原料聚合物/浓制剂掺合物干燥,直至该浓制剂的湿含量达到0.005%~0.02%(重量)范围。
4.一种改进的双组分弹性体单丝,其芯基本上由一种第一聚酯弹性体组成,且其外皮基本上由一种第二聚酯弹性体组成,所述第二弹性体的熔点比第一弹性体低至少20℃,所述芯和所述外皮弹性体是从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯、和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的,其中该改进包括向所述第一弹性体中和向所述第二弹性体中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳。
5.权利要求3的单丝,其中该碳包括有约19nm~约45nm范围内粒度的颗粒。
6.一种改进的取向机织支撑材料,即一种有包括在一个第一方向上和在一个与该第一方向垂直的第二方向上的交叉纱线的构型的织物,其中,该第一方向上的纱线包含从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯、和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的、有皮/芯构型的取向热塑性弹性体单丝,且所述外皮是一种其熔点比构成所述芯的弹性体的熔点低至少20℃的弹性体,而该第二方向上的纱线包括一种非弹性的、天然的或合成的纱、该改进包括向所述第一弹性体中和向所述第二弹性体中掺入某一紫外线防护量的碳。
7.权利要求5的织物,其中,该第二方向上的纱线包含从共聚醚酯、聚氨酯、和聚酯酰胺组成的一组中选择的、有皮/芯构型的取向热塑性弹性体单丝,且所述鞘是一种其熔点比构成所述芯的弹性体的熔点低至少20℃的弹性体,而且该紫外线防护量的碳是以约1.8%~3.0%(重量)范围内某一浓度均匀分布在外皮内和芯内的。
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