CN1246823A - 糙化热性膜的工艺和糙化的热塑性膜 - Google Patents
糙化热性膜的工艺和糙化的热塑性膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及糙化热塑性膜的工艺和糙化的膜。本发明还涉及防止热塑性包装膜彼此滑移的工艺和适合于此用途的系统。糙化工艺的本质是将粒子加到待糙化的半成品的表面上,该粒子由与膜的聚合物相同的聚合物和/或能够与该聚合物熔焊在一起的其它塑料组成,并具有适当的粒度和/或耐磨性,该半成品保存有足够的热量,从而可以保持适合于使上述粒子熔焊在上待糙化的热塑性膜表面上的条件,或者将粒子加到重新加热的这种温度的一个或两个膜表面上,该粒子以适当的密集度和结构分散开,糙化表面的条件一直保持到要求的熔焊作业结束。防止热塑性包装膜彼此滑移的工艺的特征在于,系统包括:待叠置的膜,其中至少一个膜是糙化膜,在其表面上具有适当密集度的凸起部;约束件,具有松散的纤维结构和稳定性,放在膜上或其规定的部分上,置于整个表面上或部分上;上述约束件包括这种紧密性和层厚度的纤维品,使得在约束件的纤维品和糙化膜的凸起部之间可以形成机械结合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及糙化热塑性膜的工艺和糙化的膜。在本文中，术语“膜”还包括不同厚度的塑料制品例如板、片、薄膜，该制品可选择地具有基体，或者还可以是复盖层。
本发明还涉及防止热塑性包装膜彼此滑移的工艺和用于此目的系统。技术术语“膜”还指厚度从很薄到相当厚的不同厚度的板状制品。
背景技术
现在已知用适当的混合物或粒子作原料生产热塑性膜的方法，方法中，加热熔化或模制未加工的材料、并在机器中用压铸法或使材料挤压通过挤压模的缝隙而形成要求的制品。
缝隙不一定形成平膜，例如在软管式制品的情况下，它还可以圆形的。
为获得最后的形状和为了在离开机器的缝隙时或从模具中起出时稳定制品，模制的制品用冷却法凝固。最常用的方法是向其吹送冷风进行冷却。冷却后便不再发生不需要的形变，以致可以切成一定尺寸，卷起来等。
膜表面的性质主要取决机器的表面，一般地讲该光面非常光滑。
热塑性膜可以以类似于上述方法再加热模制，并可以进行进一步加工。
使用塑料膜制品时常常会发生困难，膜制品例如叠放的印刷品将彼此滑移，这可能导致滑出文件夹，因而造成页片的弄脏、损坏或毁坏。同样，在用塑料袋代替先前常规的用纺织品制作的袋并叠放起来时，在搁置上部袋时，如果重心发生很小的偏移，则彼此叠置的光滑表面便会发生相互滑动，更不用说在搬运和厂间运输期间发生的振动了。
到现在为止，已试验采用各种方式防止塑料袋的滑移。最明显的方法似乎是在相互接触的袋表面上涂上粘合剂。这种方案产生了选择粘合剂和粘合剂特性的问题。当采用质量极好的粘合剂时，很难将袋拉开而不损伤(损耗)塑料膜，而采用劣质粘合剂时，由于粘接强度不够，相信也不能解决问题。
作为另一种解决方案，还试验在膜材料中形成凹凸形状，由此形成防滑表面。按照这种类型的解决方案，膜从袋子的内侧方向被压花，因而在袋的外侧面上形成突出部。按照基于相似原理的另一方案，在压铸机器内在缝隙的前面形成槽，该槽在膜的表面上沿材料运动的方向形成肋条。采用这种方法只能部分解决问题，因为只能防止在垂直于上述肋条线的方向的滑移，而在其它方向制品可以自由滑移。还试图在挤压膜上形成防滑移的表面，方法是在传送膜的小光泽辊上形成尖头和尖头之间的凹部，利用这种方法可以形成这种表面产生的结构。虽然这些结构理论上适合于防止在任何方向的滑移，但也没有获得要求的结果。
从先有技术还已知另一种方案，使未加工的塑料粒子与额外的物质混合，这种物质不能均匀地熔合在基本塑料中，因而形成凸起部，然而在实施这种方法时，挤压机和有关的小轧辊将受到磨损，所以机器会提前磨坏，另外，还不可能按要求控制凸起部的排列。
还应用了一种方法，使原料与某种化学添加剂混合，由此在膜的两侧形成凸起部。此方法的缺点是成本高，因为添加剂价格高，需要量又大，而且膜的两侧均有凸起部，这限制了使用范围。
所有上述方法均成本高、不经济，而且未达到要求的效果。使用这些方法是因为到现在还设有一种能很好解决问题的适用的方法。所有这些方案的另一个缺点是，凸出于表面的凸起部和结构均由膜自身的材料复盖，虽然它们可以承受较大的磨耗，但是这种抗磨性等于其它部分膜的抗磨性。
上述方案共同的缺点是，由于其质量退化或在其结构中隐含外来物质粒子，所以制品的抗张强度降低。
发明概要
本发明的目的是提供一种可形成适用的抗滑移膜以便作另外用途的工艺，这种工艺可以消除先有技术中已知方法的不足和缺点而不改变众所周知的工艺过程和机器。
本发明基于这样的认识：如果粒子由膜的物质和/或能够与该膜的物质熔焊在一起的其它塑料构成，同时具有适当的粒度，并将这种粒子加在熔化的膜上，则在作为膜表面的侧面上的粒子的温度将上升，粒子本身也将至少部分地被熔化，与膜熔焊在一起。至少部分凸出于表面的这些粒子将使表面变粗糙。
按照本发明，模制膜还可以在制造加工期间作为半制品在正离开挤压模具的缝隙时被糙化，这和通过再加热先前制成的成品膜使其糙化一样。
应当选择用于产生糙化表面的粒子的主要特性，使粒子的抗磨性以及相似的粒度适合于此目的。如果需要，可以将粒度均匀的粒子加在表面上，例如采用经过筛网分开的粒子。
模可以用先有技术中任何已知的方法加热，例如吹热风、电加热等。
粒子可以以很有序或无序的结构加在整个表面上或指定的区域如边缘上，或者如需要，还可以以点的方式加上，根据要求的图案可以重复施加一次或若干次。例如可以用模板或其它方式形成图案。
本发明的工艺是极经济的，因为不需要特别的化学添加剂，也不需要改变制膜的机器，同样，制造过程的特定条件和参数也是相同的。通常仅使制品的一侧糙化便足够了，然而本发明可选择地使膜在两侧糙化，或仅在一侧进行糙化。
本发明的本质是：粒子由膜的物质和/或能够与该膜的物质熔焊在一起的其它塑料组成，和具有适当的粒度和/或要求的抗磨性，并将这种粒子引入到半制品的待糙化的表面，该半制品保存有充足的热量，从而可保持适合于热塑性膜的待糙化表面进行熔焊的条件，或者使该粒子引入到再加热到这种温度的一个或两个膜表面上，同时使这种粒子以适当的密集性和结构分散，并且使糙化表面的条件保持到要求的熔焊过程结束。
本发明还涉及糙化膜，其特征在于，至少在膜一侧的整个表面上或表面的指定区域上包括由粒子构成的凸起部，该粒子具有膜的物质和/或能够与该膜的物质熔焊在一起的其它塑料物质，该粒子被熔焊在表面上，并至少部分地凸出于该表面。
本发明还涉及防止塑料包装膜彼此滑移的工艺，该工艺即使在受到比上述作用更大的外部作用时也能防止滑移。这是基于这样的认识：如果在两个糙化表面之间设置特殊的约束件，则这两个糙化表面之间的结合将变得更为牢固。
实施本发明的最好模式
工艺的本质是：形成一个系统，该系统包括待固定膜和约束件，固定膜中至少一个膜是糙化模，并使糙化膜的表面具有适当密集度的凸起部，该约束件具有松散的纤维结构和特殊稳定性，约束元件配置在膜的或其指定部分上的整个表面上或表面部分(或多个)，该约束件包含具有这种紧密性和层厚度的纤维品，使得在约束件的纤维品和糙化膜的凸起部之间可以形成机械结合。
在膜表面和形成凸起部的粒子之间的熔焊表面最好使得粒子和膜平面的相交部分不复盖垂直于上述膜片看到的粒子的投影形态。
按照本发明的优选方面，在约束件的两个表面上应用糙化膜片。
按照本发明的另一优选方面，约束件固定在两个膜片中的一个膜片上，采用粘接、熔焊或缝纫法固定。
比较好的是，约束件的厚最大可达到彼此相结合的两个膜片的由塑料粒子糙化的表面上的粒子凸出部分的最大值，最好小于该最大值。
采用基于塑料的约束件比较合适，该约束件具有很有序的或无序的纤维结构，例如用热起绒工艺制作的形成面纱膜和具有网状结构的无纺纤维品。
在实际使用时，构成“糙化塑料膜-约束件-糙化塑料膜”三部分组成的系统，最后形成的三部分结合其结合强度足以强到可以承受更大的机械应力而不滑移。同时，这种结合还可以简单地使其脱开，因为虽然在彼此滑移的方向这些层是牢固的，但只要需要，可以容易升高这些部件，使其互相脱开。
对于表面的机械结合，必要的是在表面上要有低密度的较大突起部或彼此更靠近的较小的凸起部，使得在某部分表面上必须包含凸起部。凸起部的尺寸和密集度之间的关系由若干因素决定，例如膜的厚度、抗机械应力的特性，或者还取决于应用的领域。
粒子的几何形状很重要，因为在平躺的双凸的圆拱形粒子的情况下，熔焊线比较长，位于粒子之间的纤维很明显地不能按要求卡住粒子，纤维会脱开，不能卡在粒子之间的腔内。
如上所述，约束件为纤维结构，另外，它必须具有适当的牢固性，以防止在滑移方向出现应力时粒子将其撕裂和使纤维滑离粒子。另外，约束件的结构必须松散到可以让凸起部伸入到纤维结构中。作为约束件可以使用具有无序结构的纤维品、纤维网、毡等，其中纤维用已知的方法粘接在一起，例如用粘接剂、缝纫、点焊等。
适合包装用的膜通常绕在卷轴上，以卷筒形式贮存，在使用再将其剪成一定大小，进行包装。
固定约束件的位置已在膜的糙化加工时确定，因而在生产膜时确定，在生产膜时便考虑到在约束件需要的位置使光滑膜的指定位置的表面粗糙化，这时的光滑膜从本发明的观点还是半成品，但是也可以作成光滑膜，于需要的位置提供糙化。如果需要还可以在膜的表面上形成自粘合层。
本发明系统的特征在于，它包括糙化膜，在糙化膜上有适当密集度的凸起部，该系统在糙化膜上或其特定部分的表面上具有约束件、该约束件具有松散的纤维结构和特别的稳定性，该约束件包括这种紧密性和层厚度的纤维品，使得在约束元件的纤维和糙化膜的突起部之间可以形成机械结合。
工业适应性
通过以下制造塑料袋的例子具体例示本发明的使膜糙化的工艺。
举例
例1
用模制和挤压聚乙烯原料的方法生产用作制造塑料袋原料的管形膜，使得正离开机器圆形缝隙的膜物质的温度为195℃。和吹塑软管挤压工艺中通常方式一样，使管形膜牵引到冷却塔，并以形成气球的常规方式将空气吹入到由机器和一对升降光泽辊包围的软管内。设定参数例如传送到气球中的空气体积、挤压机螺杆的转速以及拉出速度，使最终的膜形成0.150mm的厚度和700mm的宽度。按照本发明，将膜物质构成的颗粒用空气流同心地或以分开的扇形体分别同时地引到表面上，然后再吹送冷却空气。用冷却空气将膜冷却到凝固点，使得此后不会发生尺寸变化。挤压后，利用适合于制造塑料袋的工艺进一步加工已完成的薄膜管。
下面用防滑移系统进一步例示本发明。
例2
塑料粒子通常装成25kg重的塑料袋，将这些袋彼此叠放在托架上进行运输，每个码垛的重量超过1000kg。为防止这种袋彼此滑移，用糙化膜制作这种袋。在包装机上用装有角撑板的管制作这种袋。为防止滑移，在薄膜管的两侧除装有角撑板的部分外均被糙化，使得在表面的粗糙部分有至少50个凸起部/m2。装满的袋以其糙化的表面部分互相叠放在一起。当包装机装满塑料袋后，使该袋进到传送机上，将其传送到堆垛机。在到达堆垛机之前，在躺在移动传送机的各个袋上放置一片网带，使得该网带沿长度方向配置在袋的中间。该塑料袋由堆垛机叠放，使得各个袋与另一个袋接触，该另一袋本身也是接触的并位于正上面的一层。这种接触在一部分共同的接触表面上通过约束件的中介实现。约束件粘住上、下袋，并使它们通过机械结合彼此固定，从而可以防止它们相互滑移。
Claims (18)
1.一种糙化热塑性膜的工艺，其特征在于，粒子由膜的物质和/或能够与该膜的物质熔焊在一起的其它塑料构成，并具有适当的粒度和要求的抗磨性，将此粒子引入到半成品的待糙化的表面上，该表面保存有足分的热量，从而可以保持适合于待糙化的热塑性膜的表面进行熔焊的条件，或将该粒子引入到重新加热到这种温度的一个或两个膜表面上，该粒子以适当的密集性和结构分散开，而且，糙化表面的条件保持到要求的熔焊作业结束。
2.如权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，塑料粒子用空气流在冷却前引入到膜上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的工艺，其特征在于，用预热的空气将塑料粒子吹送到正从机器缝隙出来的管形膜的外侧面上。
4.如权利要求3所述的工艺，其特征在于，在成形和冷却之前将塑料料引入到膜的外表面上。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的工艺，其特征在于，使塑料粒子同心地或沿膜的整个宽度吹向膜。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的工艺，其特征在于，使塑料粒子周期性地吹向膜和/或分开地吹向各个扇形部分或分开地吹向各个条。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的工艺，其特征在于，粒子是晶粒。
8.一种糙化的塑料膜，其特征在于，在膜的一个侧面的整个表面上或在指定的区域上该膜包括凸起部，该凸起部由粒子构成，该粒子具有膜的物质和/或能够与该膜的物质熔焊在一起的其它塑料，该粒子熔焊在表面并至少部分地凸出于该表面。
9.一种防止热塑性包装膜彼此滑移的工艺，其特征在于，形成一种系统，该系统包括待固定的膜和约束件，该待固定的膜中至少一个膜是糙化膜，使该糙化膜的表面上形成具有适当密集度的凸起部；约束件具有松散的纤维结构和特殊的稳定性，该约束件置于膜上或其规定的部分上，置于整个表面上或部分表面上，该约束件包括这样的紧密性和层厚度的纤维品，使得在约束件的纤维品和糙化膜的凸起部之间可以形成机械结合。
10.如权利要求9所述的工艺，其特征在于，膜表面和构成凸起部的粒子之间的熔焊表面最好使得粒子和膜平面的相交部分不复盖沿垂直于上述膜片方向看到的粒子的投影形态。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的工艺，其特征在于，糙化膜片可以用在约束件的两个表面上。
12.如权利要求9-11中任一项所述的工艺，其特征在于，约束件固定于两个膜片中的一个片上。
13.如权利要求12所述的工艺，其特征在于，约束件叠放在两个膜片中的一个片上。
14.如权利要求12所述的工艺，其特征在于，约束件熔焊在两个膜片中的一个片上。
15.如权利要求12所述的工艺，其特征在于，约束件缝纫在两个膜片中的一个片上。
16.如权利要求9-15中任一项所述的工艺，其特征在于，约束件的厚度最大可达到两个相互结合膜片的由塑料粒子糙化的表面上的粒子凸出的最大值，最好小于该最大值。
17.如权利要求9-16中任一项所述的工艺，其特征在于，应用基于塑料的约束件，该约束件具有很有序的或无序的纤维结构，例如用热起绒工艺制作的形成面纱的具有网状结构的无纺纤维品。
18.一种防止热塑性包装膜相互滑移的系统，其特征在于，该系统包括糙化膜，该糙化膜上有适当密集度的凸起部，在糙化膜上或其特定的表面部分上该系统具有约束件，该约束件具有松散的纤维结构和特殊的稳定性，该约束件具有这种紧密性和层厚度的纤维品，使得约束件的纤维品和糙化膜的凸起部之间可以形成机械结合。
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| CN111032528A (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-04-17 | 比朔夫+霍莱恩欧洲股份及合伙两合公司 | 包装容器和薄膜制造 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111032528A (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-04-17 | 比朔夫+霍莱恩欧洲股份及合伙两合公司 | 包装容器和薄膜制造 |
| CN108340583A (zh) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-07-31 | 李�杰 | 一种增加塑料泡沫颗粒表面粗糙的处理机 |
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| DE69833851T2 (de) | 2006-12-07 |
| JP2001511084A (ja) | 2001-08-07 |
| WO1998034775A3 (en) | 1998-11-26 |
| PL188058B1 (pl) | 2004-12-31 |
| US6444080B1 (en) | 2002-09-03 |
| ATE320338T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
| NO317875B1 (no) | 2004-12-27 |
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