CN1246814A - 海绵片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
由具有细小连续孔的多孔结构组成的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片,在它的上面有一层薄膜。这种海绵片能作为洗车的擦拭材料,在洗车后擦拭过程中不留下未擦拭部分,摩擦阻力小,功系数高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片,这种海绵片有改善的擦拭水的性能,更特别涉及一种适合用于作为擦去在车体表面的水滴和擦拭精密机器,机械组件,仪器或这类东西表面的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片,它也适合于擦拭人体。
技术背景
到目前为止由聚乙烯醇缩乙醛多孔弹性材料制成的海绵片已被用作擦拭水的材料。尤其是,由聚乙烯醇缩乙醛多孔弹性材料制成的片状海绵,或通过在聚乙烯醇缩乙醛多孔弹性材料之间插入增强布,把它们整和成一个复合物获得的片状制品,具有良好的吸水能力,因此,它可用作擦拭材料,擦拭去除具有相对良好的平坦性的制品表面的水滴、灰尘等。这就是说,它已经工业生产,作为抹布或擦拭材料在洗车后去除车体表面的水滴和擦拭精密机器,机械组件,仪器或这类东西的表面。
然而,就车体涂层而言,最近已经在抗灰尘涂层上应用了几层涂料以获得漂亮的车体颜色,在金属涂层中,尤其是,在金属层上应用一层明亮的油漆涂层作为顶部涂料层,导致有五或更多层的涂层构造,包括第一层。
这一明亮涂层易于被划伤,因为它相对柔软,根据在洗车后擦拭水滴的方式经常产生细小的划痕,有时,在严重的情况下,涂层的光泽会失去,例如,当擦拭抹布的吸水能力不足时,水被不能一次完全擦拭,车体表面必须被擦拭几次,因此产生划痕。当没被擦拭的水滴遗留在涂层表面时,水滴会引起如露在夏季阳光下的凸镜同样的作用,因此灼伤涂层表面,引起斑点。
因此,当在洗车后擦拭车体时,优选使用具有柔软表面的柔韧的擦拭布以不产生划痕,更优选的是具有良好的吸水特性和在擦拭后不遗留任何未擦拭的部分。在材料中保留曾吸收的水分这对车体不被润湿也很重要,也就是说,保留水的特性得到增强。
通过这种方法,如上所述为什么使用聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片擦拭水滴的原因如下。即,由于聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片不仅比传统的毛巾的吸水能力强,而且具有有力的吸收水的能力。仅仅通过与它们接触,水滴就可以被去除,不必象毛巾那样使劲擦拭。
因此,本发明人曾想到使海绵层密实以增强吸水特性和保留水的特性。然而,已经发现,尽管上面提到的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片通常在先浸在水中和适当挤压湿海绵片后使用,当海绵层变得密实,使用时摩擦阻力和尖叫声增加,因此引起象低功系数这样的问题。
在这种情况下,本发明人进行了充分的研究。因此,他们发现一种具有特殊结构的能够协调在洗车后擦拭的水吸收特性和功系数的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片,从而完成了本发明。本发明的一个目的是提供适于用于作为洗车材料的海绵片,在洗车后擦拭时不留下未擦拭的部分,摩擦阻力小,功系数高。
发明内容
本发明提供一种至少在其表面上含一层聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵层,和至少在上述缩乙醛海绵层部分表面有一层薄膜的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片。
在本发明的海绵片中,薄膜的开孔率优选的是从10到60%,更优选的是,由缩醛化程度是50到80%的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛树脂制成的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片,它由具有的细小连续孔,平均孔径是10到160μm和孔隙率是80到95%的多孔结构组成。
本发明的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片涉及具有细小连续孔的多孔结构。这是在催化剂存在下把聚乙烯醇和成孔剂与乙醛的交联而成,并去除成孔剂。
根据本发明的发明权利要求1,海绵保留水的能力可通过在海绵表面形成薄膜得到增强。根据本发明的权利要求2,可以获得没有尖叫感觉的海绵片,因为薄膜的开孔率是从10到60%,并且具有高的保留水的能力。这就是说,当开孔率小于10%,操作时的尖叫感觉就变得明显。反之,当开孔率超过60%,保留水的能力就降低,因此,一旦保留的水容易洒到涂层表面,就会留下未擦拭的部分。就表面比率而言,在本发明的术语薄膜的“开孔率”是指孔的比率,这些孔构成如下层的多孔材料结构,暴露在海绵层上薄膜层的表面。开孔率(%)=(暴露的孔的面积)/(多孔材料的总表面积)×100。
当开孔率的百分率是100%,意味着没有薄膜存在于多孔材料的表面的情况,而0%意味着整个表面积被薄膜覆盖的情况。
根据本发明的权利要求3,可以获得一种具有高柔韧性和高吸水特性的海绵片。即,本发明的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵具有的缩乙醛化程度是50%到80%。当缩乙醛化程度超过80%,产生的海绵不适合使用,因为它也很难与水润湿。
本发明的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片的平均孔径是从10到160μm。当平均孔径小于10μm,在操作是的尖叫感觉明显。反之,当平均孔径超过160μm,吸水特性变差,保留水的特性降低。因此,一旦保留的水易于洒在涂层表面,会引起功系数的降低。
本发明的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片的孔隙率是从80到95%。当孔隙率小于80%,上面所提的保留水的能力就下降。反之,当孔隙率超过95%,海绵片的强度就会降低,这是不优选的。
本发明的海绵片能通过以下方式产生。即,能通过原料液反应获得,原料液是通过混合聚乙烯醇,乙醛,酸和淀粉细微粉末,在用纸分成层状构造的状况下制成的。在反应完成后用水冲洗去除未反应的乙醛、酸和淀粉细微粉末,在作为隔离物的上述的纸那部分分离开。
在本发明使用的聚乙烯醇可以完全或部分皂化,聚合度是300到2000,其中部分羟基被其它功能团替代,这些聚乙烯醇能单独或以它的化合物形式使用。
本发明使用的乙醛作为脂肪族或芳香族的交联剂能够把聚乙烯醇转化成聚乙烯醇缩醛,这也可以是单羟基或多羟基的。甲醛和乙醛尤其是优选的,以提供作为聚乙烯醇缩乙醛多孔材料的物理特性。
在本发明使用的盐是作为催化剂,可以用例如,无机酸如盐酸、硫酸、硝酸等;有机酸如草酸、柠檬酸和马来酸等;或强酸盐和弱碱盐,它们在水溶液中是酸性的。
本发明使用的细微的淀粉粉末指的是通过分离/萃取植物获得的颗粒状材料(淀粉颗粒)。淀粉来源的植物包括,例如,谷物如水稻、小麦、玉米等;球茎如马铃薯、甘薯和芋头等。也可以使用通过把疏水官能团结合到这些淀粉颗粒的羟基基团的所谓修饰的淀粉粉末。这些淀粉的细微粉末作为在生产聚乙烯醇缩乙醛多孔材料的成孔剂,能通过改变淀粉的种类和数量调节孔的直径和孔隙率。
在本发明使用的纸被用作隔离物,优选的是在反应完成后完全分裂和分散的纸,并不含粘合剂、添加剂或类似物质。为了获得具有优势的开孔率,使用那些有固定的水渗透特性的纸。这就是说,使用那些有一定水渗透时间的纸,要求在适当范围把500ml水渗透过有固定的面积的纸。当水渗透较长时,海绵片的开孔率就变小。反之,当水渗透较短时,开孔率就变大。
附图简述
图1是SEM显微电镜照片,说明的是根据本发明的海绵片的薄膜表面形状;
图2是SEM显微电镜照片,说明的是根据本发明的海绵片内三维网络。
实施发明的最好方式
下面的例子进一步说明本发明但不能认为是限制了本发明的范围。
作为本发明的海绵片的实施例将在下面描述:
生产本发明海绵片的方法将在下面详细描述。首先,将聚乙烯醇溶于热水中制成重量浓度为约5到15%的聚乙烯醇水溶液。加入把淀粉作为成孔剂分散到水中制成的溶液。把溶液加热到约淀粉的胶化温度,加入硫酸和甲醛水溶液,在搅拌下进一步充分混合以形成均一的浆状原料液。
将一定量的这种原料液浇铸进预定的保留模具中。在那儿放上纸,然后这一定量原料液就进一步铸造。当交替放纸和浇铸原料液操作时,以相同的方式重复,数层被作为隔离物的纸分离的层就成层了。
当在60℃10小时或更长时间,层片就发生反应。在反应完成后,当压缩产物和用水清洗时,酸和淀粉的细微粉末就去除了。然后,通过在纸的部分分离就获得了本发明的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛多孔材料海绵片。
在浇铸原料液后当置入布时,然后再浇铸原料液,就获得了含插入布为增强材料的海绵片。
在此处使用的布优选的是多孔的布例如维多利亚细麻布,能与聚乙烯醇缩乙醛多孔材料两侧结合。
实施例1
将750g由Kuraray公司生产的完全皂化的聚乙烯醇117完全溶于热水中,总量配成8升。玉米淀粉颗粒被选为成孔材料,700g玉米淀粉颗粒分散到水中。将制得的悬浮液加到上述聚乙烯醇水溶液中,然后搅拌混合制得总量10升。
甲醛被选为交联剂,硫酸被选为催化剂。将1升35%甲醛水溶液和1升50%的硫酸混合液加到上面的聚乙烯醇和淀粉的混合溶液中以制备均一溶液,作为反应原料液。
准备尺寸为长780mm×宽490mm×深100mm的树脂容器,然后使反应原料液与作为隔离物的纸交替装进其中形成层片。此时,在一层要浇铸的反应溶液的量调节为600ml,使用水渗透时间为170秒的纸作分离纸。即,以这种方式形成的层片,原料液反应每层完全用有与上述容器相同或稍小的纸分离开,从此形成多层。
在完成层片后,将容器放进热处理装备中控制温度为60℃,反应进行一夜。
在完成各个反应后,内容物从容器中取出,用水充分洗涤去除未反应的甲醛,硫酸和淀粉。而且,反应产物在纸那部分被分开,获得厚度约1.5mm的海绵片。海绵片在表面有一层薄膜。产生的海绵片的特性和各种性质列于表2。
在如汽车涂层表面那样有同样平滑度平板表面撒上水滴,然后用产生的海绵片擦拭,产生的摩擦阻力很小,没有尖叫声,功系数高,没有未擦拭部分。
评定海绵片特性的方法将在下面表示。
(测量摩擦阻力值)
在本发明,摩擦阻力定量值代表擦拭的容易度。尤其是,它是用下面的方式测定。把尺寸为100mm×100mm的海绵片放在有相同尺寸底表面的塑料箱底表面上,用双面胶带,在箱子上均匀放置1.2kg重物。在把海绵片放到光滑平板上后,把箱边固定到弹簧尺上。当水平拉弹簧尺时,贴附在箱子的海绵片开始移动,就可以读出弹簧尺的负荷。当负荷不大于3.0kg,判定为操作阻力很小。反之,当负荷不小于3.0kg,判定为操作阻力很大,尖叫感存在。
(吸水能力和未擦拭部分存在/不存在)
在把用蓝色素染色的水洒到白板上后,尺寸为100mm×100mm的海绵片在双折叠状态放在上面,用与海绵片相连的塑料尺轻拉海绵片。这时,判断遗留在白板的水滴的量。
实施例2、3
与实施例1的方式相同,只是改变用于实施例1的纸的水渗透时间为到100秒或80秒,各获得厚度为1.5mm的海绵片。
实施例4
与实施例1的方式相同,只是改变用于实施例1的淀粉为水稻淀粉,获得厚度为1.5mm的海绵片。
实施例5
与实施例1的方式相同,只是改变用于实施例1的淀粉为马铃薯淀粉,获得厚度为1.5mm的海绵片。
对比例1
与实施例1的方式相同,只是改变用于实施例1的纸的水渗透时间为到500秒,获得厚度为1.5mm的海绵片。
对比例2、3
与对比例1的方式相同,只是改变用于对比例1的淀粉为水稻淀粉或马铃薯淀粉,各获得厚度为1.5mm的海绵片。
对比例4
与对比例1的方式相同,只是改变用于对比例1的纸的水渗透时间为到50秒,获得厚度为1.5mm的海绵片。
对于实施例1到5和对比例1到4,上面提到的评价方法的结果列于表2。同时,生产条件总结在表1。
表1
项目 | 平均孔径,μm | 淀粉种类 | 孔隙率(%) | 水渗透时间(秒) |
实施例1实施例2实施例3实施例4实施例5 | 50505020100 | 玉米淀粉玉米淀粉玉米淀粉水稻淀粉马铃薯淀粉 | 8888888692 | 17010080170170 |
对比例1对比例2对比例3对比例4 | 502010050 | 玉米淀粉水稻淀粉马铃薯淀粉玉米淀粉 | 88869288 | 50050050050 |
表2
项目 | 开孔率(%) | 摩擦阻力值(kg) | 功系数 | 存在/不存在未擦拭部分 | 评价 |
实施例1实施例2实施例3实施例4实施例5 | 1836491818 | 2.62.42.22.82.1 | 高高高高高 | 无无几乎无无几乎无 | ○○○○○ |
对比例1对比例2对比例3对比例4 | 66670 | 3.43.63.22.1 | 低低低高 | 无无无留有部分未擦拭部分 | ×××× |
从表2可明显看出,当在海绵片表面的薄膜开孔率超过60%,就留有一些未擦拭部分,反之,开孔率不大于10%,功系数就变低。
工业应用
本发明的海绵片能作为洗车的擦拭材料,功系数很高,通过设定在海绵片表面上的薄膜的开孔率在一个优化值,不留下未擦拭部分。这种海绵片也可以用于擦拭游泳后在人体的水。
Claims (3)
1.一种聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片,含有至少在其表面上的一层聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵层,和至少在上述聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵层的部分表面上的一层薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1海绵片,其中薄膜的开孔率是从10到60%。
3.根据权利要求1和2海绵片,其中聚乙烯醇缩乙醛海绵片是由缩醛化程度为50到80%的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛树脂制成,由具有细小连续孔的多孔结构组成,平均孔径是10到160μm,孔隙率是80到95%。
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JP05392097A JP3306432B2 (ja) | 1997-02-21 | 1997-02-21 | スポンジシート |
JP53920/1997 | 1997-02-21 |
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US (1) | US6395382B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1005919A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3306432B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20000071075A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1246814A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU738132B2 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL131458A0 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998036855A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
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CN100459923C (zh) * | 2004-09-30 | 2009-02-11 | 昆勤清洁用品(昆山)有限公司 | 擦车用清洁海绵 |
CN102617961A (zh) * | 2011-01-30 | 2012-08-01 | 昆勤清洁用品(昆山)有限公司 | 植物栽培介质及其制造方法 |
US10870132B2 (en) | 2009-08-20 | 2020-12-22 | Aion Co., Ltd | Cleaning sponge and cleaning method |
Families Citing this family (8)
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KR100346915B1 (ko) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-08-03 | 김용숙 | 폴리비닐아세탈 스폰지의 제조방법 |
KR20020034791A (ko) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-05-09 | 김용숙 | 폴리비닐 아세탈 스폰지를 이용한 함수성 연마스폰지제조방법 |
US20020155273A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-10-24 | Drury Thomas J. | Polyvinyl acetal composition skinless roller brush |
US6802877B2 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2004-10-12 | Thomas J. Drury | Polyvinyl acetal composition roller brush with abrasive outer surface |
JP5635249B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-09 | 2014-12-03 | アイオン株式会社 | 軸付きスポンジとその製造方法、及び軸棒に装着されるスポンジ体とその製造方法 |
US10487190B2 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-11-26 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Macroporous omniphilic sponges |
KR102000183B1 (ko) * | 2017-08-11 | 2019-07-15 | 손민일 | 건축용 단열재 및 이를 포함하는 건축물의 바닥 시공구조 |
KR20220094208A (ko) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-07-05 | 더 프록터 앤드 갬블 캄파니 | 큰 기공을 갖는 가요성 다공성 용해성 고체 시트 물품 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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US3673125A (en) * | 1969-05-10 | 1972-06-27 | Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd | Method of producing polyvinyl acetal porous articles |
DE3143272A1 (de) | 1981-10-31 | 1983-05-11 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Offenporiger formkoerper auf basis von polyvinylacetalen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JPS596974A (ja) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-01-14 | カネボウ株式会社 | 洗浄方法 |
JP2546816B2 (ja) | 1991-12-06 | 1996-10-23 | 鐘紡株式会社 | ポリビニールアセタール系多孔質体の製造方法 |
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JP2994982B2 (ja) | 1995-02-27 | 1999-12-27 | 鐘紡株式会社 | ポリビニルアセタール系スポンジの製造方法 |
-
1997
- 1997-02-21 JP JP05392097A patent/JP3306432B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-02-17 US US09/367,023 patent/US6395382B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-17 WO PCT/JP1998/000630 patent/WO1998036855A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-02-17 KR KR1019997007361A patent/KR20000071075A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-02-17 AU AU58810/98A patent/AU738132B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-02-17 EP EP98902242A patent/EP1005919A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-02-17 IL IL13145898A patent/IL131458A0/xx unknown
- 1998-02-17 CN CN98802275A patent/CN1246814A/zh active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100459923C (zh) * | 2004-09-30 | 2009-02-11 | 昆勤清洁用品(昆山)有限公司 | 擦车用清洁海绵 |
US10870132B2 (en) | 2009-08-20 | 2020-12-22 | Aion Co., Ltd | Cleaning sponge and cleaning method |
CN102617961A (zh) * | 2011-01-30 | 2012-08-01 | 昆勤清洁用品(昆山)有限公司 | 植物栽培介质及其制造方法 |
CN102617961B (zh) * | 2011-01-30 | 2014-03-26 | 昆勤清洁用品(昆山)有限公司 | 植物栽培介质及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IL131458A0 (en) | 2001-01-28 |
AU5881098A (en) | 1998-09-09 |
US6395382B1 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
JPH10237213A (ja) | 1998-09-08 |
AU738132B2 (en) | 2001-09-06 |
KR20000071075A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
WO1998036855A1 (fr) | 1998-08-27 |
EP1005919A1 (en) | 2000-06-07 |
JP3306432B2 (ja) | 2002-07-24 |
EP1005919A4 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
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