CN1233243C - Broad-spectrum pesticide using plant composition as raw material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

Broad-spectrum pesticide using plant composition as raw material and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1233243C
CN1233243C CNB021395705A CN02139570A CN1233243C CN 1233243 C CN1233243 C CN 1233243C CN B021395705 A CNB021395705 A CN B021395705A CN 02139570 A CN02139570 A CN 02139570A CN 1233243 C CN1233243 C CN 1233243C
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composition
extract
present
celastrus angulatus
chinese
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CN1502243A (en
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邓志宏
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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Abstract

The present invention discloses a broad-spectrum pesticide extracted from the raw material of the composition of plants and a preparing method thereof. The composition comprises celastrus angulatus, melia azedarach, melia toosendan, calamus, euphorbia, aconite and Chinese wild pepper. The extracts of the composition comprise the water extract, the acid extract, the ether extract, the alcohol extract, etc. of the composition, and the extracts can be used for killing various destructive insects effectively, such as grasshoppers, red spiders, cabbage worms, armyworms, pine caterpillars, etc. The extracting solution of the present invention is a 95 % acetic acid solution preferably, and the extracting temperature is from 45 to 60 DEG C.

Description

A kind of is the broad spectrum pesticide and the preparation method of raw material with the vegetable composition
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of insecticide that contains the plant resource extract, be more exactly a kind of be broad spectrum pesticide and the preparation method thereof that raw material extracts with the vegetable composition.Comprise Celastrus angulatus and China tree in the used in the present invention vegetable composition, method of the present invention relate to vegetable composition with leaching liquid extract method.
Background technology
The composition that contains Celastrus angulatus in available technology adopting Celastrus angulatus or the component discloses as insecticide pesticide is existing.
Chinese invention patent 92113104.6 disclosed " Celastrus angulatus emulsified oil as plant's pesticide and manufacture method " and Chinese invention patent 93101996.6 disclosed " containing insecticide of dihydro agalloch eaglewood alkane polyol mixture and preparation method thereof " all are raw material with the root bark of celastrus angulatus, extract with organic solvent, prepare the missible oil that contains aromatic hydrocarbons such as triphen.Because having adopted the aromatic hydrocarbons of benzene class is solvent, can produce environmental pollution.On the other hand, these two patents all need to adopt organic solvent to extract processing, and its technology is comparatively complicated.
Chinese invention patent 99109275.9 disclosed " two kinds of kinds of celastrus angulatus water base insecticidal preparation " is that the root skin of Celastrus angulatus is used the benzene refluxing extraction earlier, again extract is carried out concentrating under reduced pressure, and then add emulsifier and antifreeze in extract.This patent is extracted because of adopting benzene, equally also exists problem of environmental pollution.
Chinese invention patent 921011.2 discloses " Chinese herbal medicine agricultural chemicals and preparation method thereof " by name.The agricultural chemicals of this patent is with Celastrus angulatus, kuh-seng, China tree, tobacco and datura flower preparation of compositions, can to two spotted spider mite, apple slightly seven kinds of insects such as top leaf roller, maize army worm killing action is arranged, and some plant diseases are had certain inhibitory action.Though this patent does not use toxic solvent to extract, because of the heat method of airtight boiling infusion of employing can produce destructions to the effective desinsection components of in the composition some, energy consumption is also higher in producing simultaneously.Though it is raw material that this patent adopts plant, less relatively to the toxicity to man and livestock effect, the working concentration of agricultural chemicals is higher relatively, and its toxic action to people and animals is also higher; Also higher simultaneously because of its working concentration, cause use cost to increase.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of vegetable composition of broad spectrum disinfestation, reach the insecticide that extracts with this composition.The present invention provides the method for extracting insecticide with said composition simultaneously.Composition of the present invention can be killed various plants insects such as comprising locust, two spotted spider mite, cabbage caterpillar, mythimna separata, pine caterpillars; Therefore the method for preparation of compositions insecticide of the present invention neither adopts poisonous organic solvent, does not also adopt the high temperature infusion, can overcome in the prior art influence to environment, or the energy consumption height, makes the deficiency that effective ingredient is damaged in the plant.
Composition of the present invention is by Celastrus angulatus, China tree, and melia toosendan, calamus, the root of langdu is formed.The extract of this composition comprises water extract to composition, acid extractants thing, ether extract, alcohol extract etc., all can effectively kill various pests such as locust, two spotted spider mite, cabbage caterpillar, mythimna separata, pine caterpillars.
Celastrus angulatus among the present invention, China tree, melia toosendan are generally considered to be the medicine of stomach toxicity, food refusal and anesthesia type, and the calamus and the root of langdu are the stomach toxicity type.These plant societys use and can kill various pests.
Also can add the rhizome of Chinese monkshood and Chinese wild pepper in the composition of the present invention.The rhizome of Chinese monkshood and Chinese wild pepper are two kinds of short lures, the results showed, add the rhizome of Chinese monkshood and Chinese wild pepper in composition, can improve the effect of composition kill pests.
The each component of the vegetable composition that the present invention recommends is as follows:
Celastrus angulatus 25~35%, China tree 10~18%, melia toosendan 7~11%,
Calamus 3~10%, the root of langdu 1~9%, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 3~10%, Chinese wild pepper 15~40%.
The composition of above-mentioned recommendation ratio, its insecticidal effect will be greater than 80%.
The optimal proportion of the present composition is:
Celastrus angulatus 28.0~30.0%, China tree 14.0~14.3%, melia toosendan 9.2~9.6%,
Calamus 6.0~7.3%, the root of langdu 3.0~5.8%, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 6.0~7.3%,
Chinese wild pepper 28.0~30.0%.
When adopting best group compound ratio, the insecticide insecticidal effect that is extracted is higher than 85%, and its toxic and side effect minimum.
Method of the present invention is earlier the each component of the present composition to be carried out drying, pulverizes again, and batching is in proportion inserted extract with it more then, as leaching in water or acid or ether or the alcohol, and then carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid, obtains insecticide of the present invention.
Extract of the present invention is 95% acetic acid preferably, and extracting temperature is 45~60 ℃.After Separation of Solid and Liquid, extract is neutralized with alkali, making its pH is 5.5~7.5.The present invention recommends with liquefied ammonia extract of the present invention to be carried out neutralisation treatment.
After the acidity of extract of the present invention carried out neutralisation treatment, be preferably in and add surfactant and antifreeze in the liquid, as adding OP-1 and ethylene glycol.Show that by correlation test the surfactant that is added among the present invention preferably adopts castor oil.
The present invention has following advantage:
1, the extract of the present composition can effectively be killed nearly all insect;
2, the present invention is extracting below 60 ℃, can not produce destruction to the effective ingredient in the composition substantially like this when extracting insecticide;
3, toxic and side effect of the present invention is little, and according to actual detected, its acute oral toxic and acute dermal toxicity all belong to hypotoxicity;
4, use experiment to show through relevant, pesticide resistance does not take place in insect basically behind use the present invention;
5, the present invention is except that having disinsection efficiency, and also having has inhibitory action to the part plant disease, and can promote plant growing;
6, the present invention adopts acetic acid to extract, and its product effect is better than the product that water extracts;
7, actual usage amount of the present invention is less, generally need be diluted with water to 500 to 3000 times, so use cost is lower;
When 8, the present invention adopts acetic acid to extract, can not produce environmental pollution.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment detailed explanation.
Composition of the present invention is by Celastrus angulatus, China tree, and melia toosendan, calamus, the root of langdu, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, and Chinese wild pepper is formed.Test shows, the various extracts of this composition, and as the water extract of composition, perhaps organic acid extract, perhaps ether extract, perhaps alcohol extract etc. all can effectively be killed various pests such as locust, two spotted spider mite, cabbage caterpillar, mythimna separata, pine caterpillars.Test shows that also the minimum amount of Celastrus angulatus should be greater than 10% (weight ratio) in the composition of the present invention, and all the other components are got arbitrary proportion above-described result is all arranged.
The composition ratio (weight ratio) that the present invention recommends is: Celastrus angulatus 25~35%, China tree 10~18%, melia toosendan 7~11%, calamus 3~10%, the root of langdu 1~9%, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 3~10%, Chinese wild pepper 15~40%.When the composition extract with this ratio is diluted with water to 500 times, can be to each class pest killing effect up to more than 60%.
Best group compound ratio of the present invention (weight ratio) is: Celastrus angulatus 28.0~30.0%, China tree 14.0~14.3%, melia toosendan 9.2~9.6%, calamus 6.0~7.3%, the root of langdu 3.0~5.8%, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 6.0~7.3%, Chinese wild pepper 28.0~30.0%.The composition extract that adopts this ratio the killing effect of each class pest is higher than more than 85%, and its toxic and side effect is very little when water is diluted to 500 times.
Method of the present invention is as follows: get each medicinal plants in the present composition, it is carried out drying handle, be crushed to then about 20 orders, prepare burden by optimal proportion of the present invention again, the medicine for preparing put into 95% aqueous acetic acid and extract, the temperature of extraction is 45~60 ℃.Generally after 6 hours, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid.The liquid that takes out is transferred its acidity with liquefied ammonia, and its pH value is transferred to 5.5~7.5 insecticides that promptly obtain brown liquid.For it in use can better be soaked into plant, and prevent in the transportation of insecticide and meet the cold phenomenon of freezing when storing, can add an amount of surfactant and antifreeze therein, as adding OP-10 and ethylene glycol.Preferably adding castor oil among the present invention is surfactant.
Corresponding comparative trial shows, to the insecticidal effect of composition of the present invention with the extract of acetic acid extraction, obviously is better than the extract insecticidal effect that water extracts.
To carry out the agriculture chemical registration toxicology test according to GB15670-1995 with the insecticide (hereinafter referred to as insecticide of the present invention) of above-mentioned method preparation.Result of the test is as follows:
Sample preparation: the solution that insecticide is mixed with desired concn with distilled water.
Experimental animal: the S-D rat, one grade (the moving word the 08th of the animal quality certification number doctor---No. 005), body weight 200~240 grams
1, rat acute per os LD 50Measure
First with horn method with 40 S-D rats, male and female half and half.Be divided into 8 groups at random, each 4 groups of male and female, every group of 5 mouse.Per os contamination in 12 hours after the fasting, the dosage of female tom is 2150,1000,464,215mg/kg.Two hours after administration is recovered feed supply.Observed for two weeks, record animal poisoning symptom and death time, press horn method and calculate LD 50And 95% fiducial limit.Result of the test sees the following form:
Insecticide rat acute per os toxicity test result
Animal Dosage mg/kg Number of animals (only) Death toll (only) Lethality LD 50 mg/kg 95% credibility interval mg/kg
Male mouse 4640 5 5 100% 2000 1370-2910
2150 5 3 60%
1000 5 0 0
464 5 0 0
Female mouse 4640 5 5 100% 2000 1370-2910
2150 5 3 60%
1000 5 0 0
464 5 0 0
Measurement result: the male and female rat acute per os LD of insecticide of the present invention 50Be 2000mg/kg, 95% credibility interval is 1370~2910mg/kg.
2, rat acute is through skin LD 50Measure
First with horn method with 10 S-D rats, male and female half and half.The anterior cropping of animal before the test, area is 4 * 5cm 2Fix animal morning next day, and sample solution is spread upon in the cropping district, and dosage is 2000mg/kg.After bark graft touches 4 hours, remove remnants and tried thing, put back to and continue in the cage to observe for two weeks record animal poisoning symptom and death time with suds and clear water.Press horn method and calculate LD 50And 95% fiducial limit.
Measurement result: poisoning symptom does not appear after each dosage treated animal contamination, no animal dead in the observation period, rat is dissected and checks no abnormality seen.
Result of the test sees the following form.
Insecticide rat acute percutaneous toxicity test result
Animal Dosage mg/kg Number of animals (only) Death toll (only) Lethality LD 50 mg/kg 95% credibility interval mg/kg
Male mouse 2000 5 0 0 >2000
Female mouse 2000 5 0 0 >2000
The acute oral toxicity and the acute dermal toxicity that are insecticide of the present invention by above test gained conclusion all belong to low toxicity.
Show that according to another test insecticide of the present invention belongs to the moderate pungent to tame lagophthalmos; The cavy test is indicated as a kind of weak sensitization thing.
The insect killing effect test situation:
Sharp green pepper ground in area, Qiongshan, Hainan carries out in the field experiment, and 500 times of uses of insecticide dilution of the present invention can effectively prevent aphid, can significantly reduce the generation of sharp green pepper field virus and other insect pest simultaneously.
In the field experiment that wax gourd, balsam pear and the green cucumber ground in area, Qiongshan, Hainan carry out, find, when using for the first time insecticide of the present invention is diluted to 500 times of influences that can significantly suppress the multiple insect pest in field, used once every 15 days later on, the each use is that insecticide is diluted to 1500~2000 times, it has been used five times, not only do not have insect pest basically, and compare with the contrast plot, there is tangible promotion growth effect in the plot of using insecticide of the present invention to above-mentioned vegetables.
Hold up the line capsicum ground test situation in phoenix area in Shaanxi: when using for the first time insecticide of the present invention is diluted to 500 times, uses at sample plot respectively.Observed in 1 hour after the medication, the imported cabbageworm on the capsicum is dead more than 80%, and imported cabbageworm is all dead after 4 hours.After the medication 3 hours, the most serious heart-eating worm of harm capsicum does not almost observe, and can not find this class pest after 96 hours substantially in medication.And other each class pest also is difficult to find.Later on every medication in 15 to 20 days once, each drug dilution is 1000 to 3000 times, can't see insect after using in the ground basically.And generally becoming bottle green in the crop blade face in all sample plots after 5 days in the medication first time, growing way is significantly better than the crop growing state that is adjacent to use chemicals.Also find simultaneously after repeatedly using insecticidal materials of the present invention, the killing effect of insect do not changed basically, this show insect to the present invention difficult labour give birth to pesticide resistance.Also find to use the ground of insecticide of the present invention during results, its output generally is higher than using the output on chemical insecticide ground, and volume increase is about 12.5%.Find also in addition, use in the ground of insecticide of the present invention that the phenomenon that has small holes caused by worms to rot on the capsicum is few, but uses in the ground of chemical insecticide, more that small holes caused by worms rot and land arranged on the capsicum.This shows that hatching has inhibitory action to the insect ovum in the present invention.
The go out situation of locust test of area, Lanzhou:
Insecticide of the present invention is diluted to 500 times, sprays on the lawn that large number of grasshoppers is arranged.After the dispenser 20 minutes, the activity of locust was obviously slowed down, and has not had flight performance basically.At subsequently 45~60 minutes, locust was almost all dead, and movable locust can not find basically.
In the insect killing test that the cotton bollworm to pine caterpillars on the pine tree and cotton field carries out, find, insecticide of the present invention to the killing effects of insects such as pine caterpillars, cotton bollworm with identical to the afore-mentioned test effect.Show according to another test, after insecticide of the present invention was used in continuous 3 years to identical crop in same test plot, do not find that also the kill pests effect has situation about significantly reducing.
Through repeatedly showing that about test insecticide of the present invention also can be to caterpillar, dish is chrysomelid for no reason at all, screwworm, two spotted spider mite, the dish miller, noctuid, the red moth of leaf roll dish spot, cricket, citrus phoenix lice, red cotton bug, white arteries and veins mythimna separata, black peach aphid, brown plant-hopper, pink bollworm, large white butterfly, imported cabbageworm, lesser grain borer, gelechiid, white-backed planthopper, paddy stem borer, nematode, Asiatic corn borer, the Supreme Being casemaking clothes moth, grasshopper, apple tent caterpillar, huge looper, lap worm moth, cotton bollworm, red tail pornography and drug moth, lap leaf worm, heart-eating worm causes the item pool mosquito, adzuki bean weevil, melon trypetid, dermestes maculatus, southern wart powder is curled up, rice weevil, corn weevil, sieve is foretold aphid, and cotten aphid, cnaphalocrocis moth, green rice bug etc. all have obvious effect killing action.When insecticide of the present invention is diluted to 500 times, above-mentioned insect killed reaches more than 85%.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of is the broad spectrum disinfestation composition of raw material with the plant, comprises Celastrus angulatus, China tree, it is characterized in that its component is: Celastrus angulatus, China tree, melia toosendan, calamus, the root of langdu.
2, composition according to claim 1 is characterized in that also having the rhizome of Chinese monkshood in its composition, and Chinese wild pepper.
3, composition according to claim 2 is characterized in that each component ratio (weight ratio) is: Celastrus angulatus 25~35%, China tree 10~18%, melia toosendan 7~11%, calamus 3~10%, the root of langdu 1~9%, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 3~10%, Chinese wild pepper 15~40%.
4, composition according to claim 3 is characterized in that each component ratio (weight ratio) is: Celastrus angulatus 28.0~30.0%, China tree 14.0~14.3%, melia toosendan 9.2~9.6%, calamus 6.0~7.3%, the root of langdu 3.0~5.8%, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 6.0~7.3%, Chinese wild pepper 28.0~30.0%.
5, a kind of method of producing broad spectrum pesticide with arbitrary composition of claim 3 to 4, each component with described composition carries out drying earlier, pulverize again, prepare burden in proportion then, again it is inserted in the extract and leach, it is characterized in that carrying out Separation of Solid and Liquid again with extracting in the batching immersion aqueous acetic acid.
6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that used extract is 95% acetic acid, and the temperature of extraction is 45~60 ℃.
7, according to claim 5 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that extract is neutralized with alkali, making its pH is 5.5~7.5.
8, method according to claim 7 is characterized in that transferring its acidity with liquefied ammonia.
9, method according to claim 8 is characterized in that adding castor oil again in extract.
CNB021395705A 2002-11-20 2002-11-20 Broad-spectrum pesticide using plant composition as raw material and preparation process thereof Expired - Fee Related CN1233243C (en)

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CN102334518B (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-09-11 许银亚 Szechwan chinaberry fruit mosquito coil and preparation method thereof
CN102986406B (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-07-23 肥西县农业技术推广中心 High-mountain konjak cultivation technique
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CN104920506B (en) * 2015-05-22 2018-01-02 江苏绿之韵农业科技有限公司 A kind of botanical pesticide and its application
CN105851091A (en) * 2016-04-22 2016-08-17 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 Pollution-free pesticide capable of preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of cabbages
CN105961464A (en) * 2016-06-01 2016-09-28 蚌埠市宝煦家庭农场 Insecticide for preventing and treating Yali pear Psylla chinensis insect damage
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