CN103548897B - A kind of botanical pesticide and application thereof preventing and treating oriental tobacco budworm - Google Patents
A kind of botanical pesticide and application thereof preventing and treating oriental tobacco budworm Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548897B CN103548897B CN201310505427.2A CN201310505427A CN103548897B CN 103548897 B CN103548897 B CN 103548897B CN 201310505427 A CN201310505427 A CN 201310505427A CN 103548897 B CN103548897 B CN 103548897B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of botanical pesticide and the application thereof that prevent and treat oriental tobacco budworm; The composition that this botanical pesticide is made up of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract, allocates microemulsion or aqueous emulsion that auxiliary agent makes into; This botanical pesticide has significant control efficiency to oriental tobacco budworm, and noresidue on tobacco leaf, to natural enemy and the person poultry safety of environment, insect, practicality is very strong.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of botanical pesticide and the application thereof that prevent and treat oriental tobacco budworm, belong to botanical pesticide technical field.
Background technology
Oriental tobacco budworm (HeliothisassultaGuenee) is Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) polyphagy insect, the crops such as tobacco, capsicum of mainly causing harm.Oriental tobacco budworm takes food tobacco heart bud and tender leaf, is eaten up by mesophyll time serious; Or pierce tender stem and take food, cause the spire withered death on stem top, have a strong impact on the seed output and quality of tobacco.People use the chemical pesticide control oriental tobacco budworms such as decis, chlopyrifos, cyhalothrin, Xi Weiyin for a long time, and because the area of tobacco planting is very large, at present in tobacco planting work, the chemical pesticide consumption every year for preventing and treating the insects such as oriental tobacco budworm is very big.Although chemical pesticide is effective, instant effect, but ubiquity " 3R " problem, the i.e. problem of residue of pesticide (Residue), insect rampant (Resurgence), pest resistance (Resistance) once again, chronic administration chemical pesticide control oriental tobacco budworm has caused oriental tobacco budworm to create serious pesticide resistance, causes that chemical pesticide application dosage increases year by year, environmental pollution is day by day serious, agricultural chemical residue in tobacco amount constantly increases.And botanical pesticide and chemical pesticide completely different, that to utilize the insecticide active substance contained by plant to add auxiliary agent formulated, the advantages such as it has efficiently, specially effect, low toxicity or nontoxic, easy degraded, noresidue, free from environmental pollution, insect not easily develops immunity to drugs.Therefore; the botanical pesticide that exploitation effectively can prevent and treat oriental tobacco budworm is the only way which must be passed of tobacco pest control work; it is not only conducive to the sustainable development of environmental protection and tobacco, and it is residual to be conducive to reducing tobacco leaf agriculture, improves the competitiveness of tobacco leaf on international tobacco market.
Procumbent juniper (SabinaprocumbensIwataetKusaka) is Cupressaceae (Cupressaceae) evergreen shrubs, is that green plants viewed and admired by important road and garden; Cinnamomum japonicum (CinnamomumjaponicumSieb.) is Lauraceae (Lauraceae) aiphyllium, that greening commonly uses seeds with shelter forest, bark and leaf are used as medicine and have effect of warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, regulating qi-flowing for relieving pain, are used for the treatment of stomachache, stomachache, rheumatic arthritis, traumatic injury; Zanthoxylum armatum (ZanthoxylumarmatumDC.) is Rutaceae (Rutaceae) evergreen shrubs, fruit can extract aromatic oil, can make flavoring, enters medical instrument and to fall apart cold eliminating dampness, effect of reducing blood pressure, the all extensively distribution and cultivation of above-mentioned three Plants, aboundresources.So far there are no adopts procumbent juniper extract separately, or cinnamomum japonicum extract, or agricultural chemicals prepared by zanthoxylum armatum extract, also has no the agricultural chemicals adopting procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract to carry out composite preparation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to that chemical pesticide control oriental tobacco budworm of the prior art exists easy contaminated environment, agricultural chemical residue in tobacco amount is large, oriental tobacco budworm is caused to create serious drug-fast problem, object is to provide one effectively can prevent and treat oriental tobacco budworm, and the botanical pesticide that oriental tobacco budworm not easily develops immunity to drugs, this botanical pesticide to tobacco-growing soil and environmental nonpollution, noresidue on tobacco leaf.
Another object of the present invention is the application being to provide a kind of botanical pesticide, the composition be made up of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract, allocate botanical pesticide microemulsion that auxiliary agent makes into or aqueous emulsion effectively can prevent and treat oriental tobacco budworm, and do not pollute tobacco-growing soil and environment, noresidue on tobacco leaf.
The invention provides a kind of botanical pesticide preventing and treating oriental tobacco budworm, the composition that this botanical pesticide is made up of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract, allocate microemulsion or aqueous emulsion that auxiliary agent makes into; In described composition, the mass percentage content of each component is: procumbent juniper extract 30 ~ 60%, cinnamomum japonicum extract 20 ~ 50%, zanthoxylum armatum extract 20 ~ 50%.
Described microemulsion comprises following mass percent component: composition 10 ~ 60%, organic solvent 5 ~ 25%, surfactant 5 ~ 25%, antifreezing agent 5 ~ 10%, deionized water 10 ~ 60%.
Described aqueous emulsion comprises following mass percent component: composition 10 ~ 60%, organic solvent 5 ~ 20%, surfactant 5 ~ 15%, antifreezing agent 5 ~ 10%, thickener 0.4 ~ 1%, deionized water 10 ~ 70%.
Described organic solvent is one or more in ethanol, ethyl acetate, methyl alcohol, methyl oleate, acetone.
Described surfactant is one or more in alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene class, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ethers, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether polyoxypropylene ethers, tween.
Described antifreezing agent is one or more in ethylene glycol, propane diols, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Described thickener is xanthans and/or gum Arabic.
Described microemulsion is prepared as follows and is obtained: after composition organic solvent dissolution, add surfactant, mix; Under the mixing speed of 800 ~ 1000 revs/min, slowly add antifreezing agent and deionized water, and stir until transparent, to obtain final product.
Described aqueous emulsion is prepared as follows and is obtained: after composition organic solvent dissolution, add surfactant, mix; Add antifreezing agent, thickener and deionized water again, under high-speed shearing emulsion machine is with the rotating speed of 9000 ~ 10000 revs/min, stirring and emulsifying dispersion, to obtain final product.
Present invention also offers a kind of application of botanical pesticide, the composition that this application is made up of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract allocates botanical pesticide microemulsion that auxiliary agent makes into or aqueous emulsion is applied to control oriental tobacco budworm.
In described composition, the mass percentage content of each component is: procumbent juniper extract 30 ~ 60%, cinnamomum japonicum extract 20 ~ 50% and zanthoxylum armatum extract 20 ~ 50%.
Described procumbent juniper extract to be extracted by extraction with ethanol or acetone to obtain from procumbent juniper (Sabinaprocumbens) branches and leaves; Described cinnamomum japonicum extract to be extracted by extraction with ethanol or acetone to obtain from cinnamomum japonicum (Cinnamomumjaponicum) leaf; Described zanthoxylum armatum extract to be extracted by extraction with ethanol or acetone to obtain from zanthoxylum armatum (Zanthoxylumarmatum) fruit.
Described extraction is dried at procumbent juniper branches and leaves, cinnamomum japonicum leaf and zanthoxylum armatum fruit are put 40 DEG C, pulverized 40 mesh sieves respectively and obtain crushed material; In the ratio of solid-liquid ratio 1:9, add in crushed material mass percent concentration be 80% ethanol or mass percent mark be 80% acetone carry out lixiviate, extraction temperature is 30 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, and extraction time is 30h ~ 48h, obtains extract; Be the medicinal extract of 3 ~ 5% by extract Vacuum Concentration to water content, namely obtain procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract, zanthoxylum armatum extract respectively.
In described microemulsion, the mass percentage of composition is 10 ~ 60%; In described aqueous emulsion, the mass percentage of composition is 10 ~ 60%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is through the repetition test of inventor, find by procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract according to a certain percentage the composite composition obtained have significant synergies, to oriental tobacco budworm, there is good control efficiency.Multiple active insecticidal components is there is in three Plant Extracts that the present invention selects, after composite, these active components produce Synergistic insecticidal effect, remarkable to the control efficiency of oriental tobacco budworm, and oriental tobacco budworm is not easily developed immunity to drugs, and to the natural enemy of insect, people and animals, Environmental security; Meanwhile, these natural plant extracts are easily degraded, noresidue on tobacco leaf, are conducive to improving quality of tobacco; Wide and the sustainable use of these plant extract source, greatly reduces the cost of agricultural chemicals.In addition, these plant extractss can adopt environmental protection auxiliary agent to be mixed with the pesticide product of multiple control oriental tobacco budworm by straightforward procedure, practical, also reduce the destruction to environment and the murder by poisoning degree to operator simultaneously.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further for following examples, instead of limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The composite indoor joint toxicity measuring to oriental tobacco budworm of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract:
Adopt leaching worm leaf dipping method.With identical auxiliary agent, three kinds of extracts and mixture thereof are made the consistent aqueous emulsion of concentration respectively, then by deionized water, various aqueous emulsion is diluted to mother liquor, more various mother liquor is diluted to the liquid of variable concentrations by deionized water; Healthy oriental tobacco budworm larva consistent to worm age, Individual Size and fresh and tender tobacco leaf are immersed and takes out after 5s in reagent liquid, blot unnecessary liquid with blotting paper, then examination worm is put in culture dish by 20 first groups together with tobacco leaf, raise in insectary; Each process repetition 3 times, each process examination worm 40, makes blank with clear water, checks examination worm death toll, calculate lethality, corrected mortality after process 24h, if the lethality of contrast is higher than 20%, when secondary test is cancelled; With SPSS18.0 statistical software, analyzing and processing is carried out to gained test data, draw three kinds of extracts and composite mixture thereof LC50 value separately.Based on the LC50 value of measured three kinds of extracts, by Zhang Zong Ping method, measure the drug effect of three kinds of extract different ratio combinations, calculate the toxicity ratio of each proportioning combination, the toxicity ratio combined according to each proportioning judges whether three kinds of extracts have synergistic effect after composite, and the ratio range of consumption and optimal proportion when determining that three kinds of extracts are composite.Based on the LC50 value of measured three kinds of extracts and composite mixture thereof, by the computing formula of the abundant method of Sun Yun, calculate the co-toxicity coefficient of each composite mixture.
Result of the test shows, the composite better usage ratio of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract, zanthoxylum armatum extract three is 4:3:3, and other result of the test is in table 1.Procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum extract mixture, procumbent juniper zanthoxylum armatum extract mixture, the LC50 value of cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract mixture is 119.3964mg.L-1,104.8132mg.L-1,112.0162mg.L-1 respectively, LC50 value when being all used alone than three kinds of extracts declines to some extent, illustrate procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract, zanthoxylum armatum extract between two the composite rear toxicity to oriental tobacco budworm strengthen all to some extent; But the co-toxicity coefficient of mixture composite between two only has 138.79,143.95,122.46 respectively, though composite gained mixture has certain synergistic effect between two, synergy is not remarkable.And after three kinds of extracts carry out mixture together, the LC50 value of gained mixture significantly drops to 61.1750mg.L-1, significantly strengthen the virulence of oriental tobacco budworm, co-toxicity coefficient significantly improves to 245.79.Above result of the test illustrates, only has and just has significant synergies when above-mentioned three kinds of extracts carry out mixture together.
The composite indoor joint toxicity measuring result to oriental tobacco budworm III instar larvae of table 1 procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract
Note: in the mixture that two kinds of extracts are composite, the weight ratio between each extract is 1:1; In the mixture that three kinds of extracts are composite, the weight ratio between each extract is 1:1:1.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of 30% procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract microemulsion
First adopt solvent method lixiviate to obtain procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract, zanthoxylum armatum extract, detailed process is: dry at procumbent juniper branches and leaves, cinnamomum japonicum leaf, zanthoxylum armatum fruit are put 40 DEG C, pulverized 40 mesh sieves respectively and obtain crushed material; In the ratio of solid-liquid ratio 1:9, add in crushed material mass percent concentration be 80% ethanol or mass percent concentration be 80% acetone carry out lixiviate, extraction temperature is 35 DEG C, and extraction time is 48h, obtains extract; Be the medicinal extract of 3 ~ 5% by extract Vacuum Concentration to water content, just obtain procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract, zanthoxylum armatum extract respectively.
At 20 ~ 25 DEG C, get 12 parts of procumbent juniper extracts, 9 parts of cinnamomum japonicum extracts, 9 parts of zanthoxylum armatum extracts, add 15 parts of ethanol and dissolve, be stirred to evenly; Then add 15 parts of calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonates, 5 parts of styrenated phenol APEOs successively, mix; 5 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of deionized waters are slowly added under stirring with the mixing speed of 900 revs/min, after mixing, then stir 25 minutes with same mixing speed, obtain 30% procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract microemulsion, the stability of preparation and outward appearance are detected, qualified.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of 30% procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract aqueous emulsion
Procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract, zanthoxylum armatum extract is obtained by the method for embodiment 2.At 20 ~ 25 DEG C, get procumbent juniper extract 12 parts, cinnamomum japonicum extract 9 parts, zanthoxylum armatum extract 9 parts, add 12.5 parts of ethanol and dissolve, be stirred to evenly; Then 7 parts of polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether, 4 parts of thermally coupled distillation columns are added successively, 5 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.5 part of xanthans, 41 parts of deionized waters are added after mixing, stir 15 minutes under high-speed shearing emulsion machine is 10000 revs/min with rotating speed, obtain 30% procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract aqueous emulsion, the stability of preparation and outward appearance are detected, qualified.
Embodiment 4
Procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract Recompounded pesticide are to the field control effectiveness test of oriental tobacco budworm
Reagent agent is 30% procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract microemulsion, and 30% procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract aqueous emulsion, in the formula of two kinds of medicaments, the usage ratio of above-mentioned three kinds of extracts is 4:3:3.Choose oriental tobacco budworm to endanger serious vega and test, place is positioned at Liuyang City of Hunan Province, and cultivation flue-cured tobacco cultivars is K326.Small plot experiment, 3 replicated plots are all established in each process, to prevent and treat the conventional chemical agent 25 grams per liter efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate agent of oriental tobacco budworm for positive control, and establish clear water to contrast, before dispenser, the oriental tobacco budworm sum of each community of statistics, guarantees that oriental tobacco budworm total head number in every community is greater than 120.Respectively by 500 of each reagent agent times, 1000 times, 1500 times dilutions, and 1500 of positive control chemical agent times of dilutions, impose on tobacco leaf tow sides by conventional spray.The oriental tobacco budworm head number alive of each community is investigated respectively at the 1st, 3,7 after dispenser day.
Control efficiency by each medicament of following formulae discovery: preventive effect
Wherein, Pt0: borer population of living before chemicals treatment district medicine, Pt1: borer population of living after chemicals treatment district medicine, CK0: borer population of living before blank district medicine, CK1: borer population of living after blank district medicine..
Result of the test is in table 2.
Spray with 500 times of dilutions of 30% procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract microemulsion or aqueous emulsion, after dispenser, the preventive effect of both 1d to oriental tobacco budworm is respectively 88.3% and 86.1%, and after dispenser, 7d preventive effect rises to 98.7% and 97.9% respectively; With the 1000 times of dilution sprayings of the two, after dispenser, the preventive effect of both 1d is respectively 71.2% and 66.6%, and after dispenser, 7d preventive effect rises to 90.8% and 86.3% respectively.Visible, 500 times of dilutions and 1000 times of dilutions of 30% procumbent juniper cinnamomum japonicum zanthoxylum armatum extract microemulsion and aqueous emulsion all have significant control efficiency to oriental tobacco budworm, wherein the preventive effect of 7d and the close of chemical pesticide 25 grams per liter efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate agent 1500 times of dilutions after 500 times of dilution dispensers.It can also be seen that, the effect of microemulsion is slightly better than aqueous emulsion simultaneously, and this difference is particularly evident after using with the dilution of 1000 times.Above result of the test shows, with procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and the zanthoxylum armatum extract composite botanical pesticide made by a certain percentage, has significant control efficiency to oriental tobacco budworm.
Table 2 procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract Recompounded pesticide are to the field of oriental tobacco budworm
Test of pesticide effectiveness result
Note: in table microemulsion and aqueous emulsion formula in, the weight ratio of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract is 4:3:3.
Claims (8)
1. prevent and treat a botanical pesticide for oriental tobacco budworm, it is characterized in that, the composition be made up of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract, allocate microemulsion or aqueous emulsion that auxiliary agent makes into; In described composition, the mass percentage content of each component is: procumbent juniper extract 30 ~ 60%, cinnamomum japonicum extract 20 ~ 50%, zanthoxylum armatum extract 20 ~ 50%; Described procumbent juniper extract to be extracted by extraction with ethanol or acetone to obtain from procumbent juniper branches and leaves; Described cinnamomum japonicum extract to be extracted by extraction with ethanol or acetone to obtain from cinnamomum japonicum leaf; Described zanthoxylum armatum extract to be extracted by extraction with ethanol or acetone to obtain from zanthoxylum armatum fruit; Described microemulsion is made up of following mass percent component: composition 10 ~ 60%, organic solvent 5 ~ 25%, surfactant 5 ~ 25%, antifreezing agent 5 ~ 10%, deionized water 10 ~ 60%; Described aqueous emulsion is made up of following mass percent component: composition 10 ~ 60%, organic solvent 5 ~ 20%, surfactant 5 ~ 15%, antifreezing agent 5 ~ 10%, thickener 0.4 ~ 1%, deionized water 10 ~ 70%.
2. botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic solvent is one or more in ethanol, ethyl acetate, methyl alcohol, methyl oleate, acetone.
3. botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described surfactant is one or more in alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene class, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ethers, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether polyoxypropylene ethers, tween.
4. botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described antifreezing agent is one or more in ethylene glycol, propane diols, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
5. botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described thickener is xanthans and/or gum Arabic.
6. botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described microemulsion is prepared as follows and is obtained: after composition organic solvent dissolution, add surfactant, mix; Under the mixing speed of 800 ~ 1000 revs/min, slowly add antifreezing agent and deionized water, and stir until transparent, to obtain final product.
7. botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described aqueous emulsion is prepared as follows and is obtained: after composition organic solvent dissolution, add surfactant, mix; Add antifreezing agent, thickener and deionized water again, under high-speed shearing emulsion machine is with the rotating speed of 9000 ~ 10000 revs/min, stirring and emulsifying dispersion, to obtain final product.
8. the application of a botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the composition be made up of procumbent juniper extract, cinnamomum japonicum extract and zanthoxylum armatum extract allocates botanical pesticide microemulsion that auxiliary agent makes into or aqueous emulsion is applied to control oriental tobacco budworm.
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Citations (4)
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| CN101755860A (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-06-30 | 周毅 | Biological regulation compound pesticide |
| WO2012093878A2 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2012-07-12 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Repellent composition for hematophagous arthropods |
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2013
- 2013-10-24 CN CN201310505427.2A patent/CN103548897B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN1176055A (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 1998-03-18 | 庞声海 | Compound plant insecticide and its production process |
| CN1502243A (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2004-06-09 | 邓志宏 | Broad-spectrum pesticide using plant composition as raw material and preparation process thereof |
| CN101755860A (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-06-30 | 周毅 | Biological regulation compound pesticide |
| WO2012093878A2 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2012-07-12 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Repellent composition for hematophagous arthropods |
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| 天竺桂叶精油成分分析及其对蚊虫的毒杀作用;申鸽 等;《中南林业科技大学学报》;20100930;第30卷(第9期);第132-136页 * |
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