CN101999418B - Plant source pesticide for preventing and controlling golden autumn pear diseases and insect pests and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents

Plant source pesticide for preventing and controlling golden autumn pear diseases and insect pests and preparation and application thereof Download PDF

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CN101999418B
CN101999418B CN 201010567241 CN201010567241A CN101999418B CN 101999418 B CN101999418 B CN 101999418B CN 201010567241 CN201010567241 CN 201010567241 CN 201010567241 A CN201010567241 A CN 201010567241A CN 101999418 B CN101999418 B CN 101999418B
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leaf
pear
extract
fruit
plant source
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CN101999418A (en
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周国英
何钢
刘君昂
李琳
何苑皞
周建宏
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a plant source pesticide for efficiently preventing and controlling main golden autumn pear diseases and insect pests (psylla chinensis, pear yellow meal aphid, schizaphis piricola, fruit piercing moth and pear black spot). The plant source pesticide is mainly prepared from ginkgo leaf, stem and leaf of tung tree, oleander leaf, arborvitae leaf, Chinese red pine leaf, litsea cubeba fruit, tea-oil tree residue cake, marigold root and sabina vulgaris leaf by extracting and processing. Meanwhile, the invention discloses a preparation method and application of the plant source pesticide, and belongs to the technical field of plant protection. The plant source pesticide can efficiently prevent and control the main golden autumn pear diseases and insect pests such as psylla chinensis, pear yellow meal aphid, schizaphis piricola, fruit piercing moth and the like, can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria of the pear black spot of the golden autumn pears at the same time, and has good environmental safety and good development and application prospects.

Description

A kind of botanical pesticide and preparation and application that prevents and treats the Jing-Qiu Pear damage by disease and insect
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant protection field, relate in particular to botanical pesticide and preparation and the application of a kind of pear sucker of preventing and treating Jing-Qiu Pear, eliminating pear aphid, pears Schizaphis spp, fruit piercing moth, Pear black spot.
Background technology
Jing-Qiu Pear is early 1990s, meticulously selects a kind of high yield and high quality pears class new varieties by the Hunan Province scientific and technical personnel from Japanese new peak bud mutation kind, belongs to the Chinese pear system, because its maturing stage gained the name at the beginning of autumn late summer, by provincial authorization.It is large that Jing-Qiu Pear shows as fruit, and outward appearance is golden yellow, sparkling and crystal-clear bright, and meat is white, crisp, tender, thin, the juice multi-flavor is sweet, early bearing high yield, best in quality, than characteristics such as storage tolerances, " southern pears king " laudatory title being arranged, have higher economic worth, is the more rising kind in south.Jing-Qiu Pear now has been generalized to 8 provinces (district) such as Hunan, Guizhou Province, river, osmanthus, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan after passing through relevant expert's evaluation in 1994, and its cultivated area has surpassed 50,000 mh at present 2, annual production reaches more than 10 remaining tons.Along with cultivated area constantly increases, all kinds of extermination of disease and insect pest work also seem particularly important.
Because Jing-Qiu Pear blade cuticula is thinner, be subject to damage by disease and insect harm, had a strong impact on output and the quality of Jing-Qiu Pear.Main pest species on the Jing-Qiu Pear has pear sucker, eliminating pear aphid, pears Schizaphis spp, fruit piercing moth, Pear black spot etc. according to investigations.Mainly relying on chemical agent to prevent and treat aspect the Jing-Qiu Pear extermination of disease and insect pest at present, exist disorderly execute, the tendency of lavishment agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, cause the Jing-Qiu Pear fruit unexcellent, more can not guarantee green, non-harmful fruit, cause the tremendous economic loss to the orchard worker, be unfavorable for the sustainable development of whole Jing-Qiu Pear industry.Therefore seek safety, low toxicity, biopesticide has become question of common concern in the current control Jing-Qiu Pear damage by disease and insect efficiently.Botanical pesticide has become one of focus of current exploitation, the nuisanceless novel biopesticide of development because of features such as it is efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, from plant, seek desinsection, Substance, its main advantage is: 1) floristics and One's name is legion, Environmental compatibility is good.Botanical pesticide has its smoothly degradation pathway at natural world, and environmental pollution is little; 2) biologically active is various.Plant has not only been synthesized the base substance that sustains life, and has synthesized also that chemical constitution simplified and traditionally differs, miscellaneous killing pests and suppressing bacteria active substance, and its mode of action is various; 3) to higher mammal and pest natural enemy safety.The action of contace poison of most plants source pesticide is not strong, on the pest natural enemy impact seldom; 4) pest is difficult for developing immunity to drugs.Botanical pesticide often contains several active ingredients, and mechanism of action is different from general chemical pesticide, is difficult for making pest to develop immunity to drugs; 5) to farm-forestry crop safety, and the botanical pesticide that has can also induce farm-forestry crop to produce resistant effect.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the blank for prior art, the botanical pesticide and compound method and the application that provide a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control to comprise the Jing-Qiu Pear main diseases insect pests such as pear sucker, eliminating pear aphid, pears Schizaphis spp, fruit piercing moth, Pear black spot, significant to the non-environmental pollution control of Jing-Qiu Pear main diseases insect pest.
The objective of the invention is to realize in the following manner:
A kind of botanical pesticide of preventing and treating the Jing-Qiu Pear damage by disease and insect, made by the composition of following percentage by weight:
Ginkgo biloba p.e 1.0~3.0%;
Tung oil tree stem-leaf extract 1.0~3.0%;
Extract from Nerium indicum Mill. Leaf 2.0~2.5%;
Cacumen Platycladi extract 3.0~3.5%;
Masson pine extract 2.0~3.5%;
The sub-berry extract 1.0~2.5% in storehouse, mountain;
Oil tea CHAKUBING extract 3.0~6.0%;
Aztec marigold root extract 2.0~3.5%;
Sabina vulgaris Ant leaf extract 1.0~3.0%;
Surfactant 1.5~2.5%;
Preservative 0.1~0.5%;
Distilled water 66.5~82.4%.
The preparation process of described various extracts is as follows: got respectively the dry ginkgo leaf of 60 purposes, the stem of tung oil tree and leaf, sweetscented oleander leaf, cacumen biotae, Pinus massoniana, storehouse, mountain son fruit, the oil tea CHAKUBING, the Aztec marigold root, sandy ground CedarLeaves powder is under 40~60 ℃ of temperature, use respectively 90% alcohol steep, behind lixiviate 18~24h, leaching liquor is concentrated into water content 10%-15%, obtains various extracts.
Described surfactant is: OP-10, tween or organosilicon.
Described preservative is potassium sorbate or Sodium Benzoate.
The compound method of described botanical pesticide is as follows:
(1) got respectively the dry ginkgo leaf of 60 purposes, the stem of tung oil tree and leaf, sweetscented oleander leaf, cacumen biotae, Pinus massoniana, storehouse, mountain son fruit, the oil tea CHAKUBING, the Aztec marigold root, sandy ground CedarLeaves powder is under 40~60 ℃ of temperature, use respectively 90% alcohol steep, behind lixiviate 18~24h, leaching liquor is concentrated into water content 10%-15%, obtains various extracts;
(2) with above-mentioned various extracts, surfactant, preservative, distilled water is the mix and blend mixing in proportion, gets product.
Described botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and treat the Jing-Qiu Pear damage by disease and insect; Can be as required during use, thin up becomes to spray behind the variable concentrations to be used.
The present invention has following advantage: 1, efficient to various pests, insecticidal action speed is fast, the compound plant source pesticide that the present invention is comprised of various plants, by the synergy between each active ingredient, can strengthen insecticidal effect on the one hand, on the other hand because the acting in conjunction of the active ingredient of the different mechanisms of action can prevent that insect from developing immunity to drugs to the present invention.Show that with field test results product of the present invention is good to the control efficiency of Jing-Qiu Pear primary pest through indoor in a large number, speed of action is fast, namely shows poisoning symptom after using a few minutes.2, the primary pest that the botanical pesticide of this invention can not only the high-efficiency prevention and control Jing-Qiu Pear can also effectively suppress the Pear black spot pathogen of Jing-Qiu Pear, and fungistatic effect is good.3, products material of the present invention is easy to get, processes simple, low for equipment requirements, use economy.This product processing does not need special equipment, and general agricultural chemicals enterprise all can process.4, this invention product is environmentally safe.The primary raw material of this invention product derives from plant, to environment and non-target organism safety, and botanical pesticide that noresidue should invention in the gold autumn the operatic circle, nontoxic to human body, be a kind of recurrence botanical pesticide medicament that is suitable for China's Agricultural product without pollution requirement.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, and unrestricted the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Botanical pesticide is to the Toxicity Determination of Jing-Qiu Pear Major Pests
(1) prescription of described botanical pesticide is as follows:
Get ginkgo biloba p.e 1.5%, the stem-leaf extract 1.5% of tung oil tree, Extract from Nerium indicum Mill. Leaf 2.5%, Cacumen Platycladi extract 3%, Pinus massoniana extract 2%, the sub-berry extract 1% in storehouse, mountain, oil tea CHAKUBING extract 3%, Aztec marigold root extract 2%, Sabina vulgaris Ant leaf extract 1%, organosilicon 1.5%, Sodium Benzoate 0.1%, distilled water 80.9% added the agitator tank stirring at normal temperature 30 minutes, obtained the compound plant source pesticide.
(2) indoor Jing-Qiu Pear primary pest for examination is pear sucker, eliminating pear aphid, pears Schizaphis spp, fruit piercing moth.All are from the field for the examination insect and arrest, and after indoors artificial is raised a period of time, select in the same size, and the consistent examination worm of age in days supplies examination.
Experimental technique:
The worm leaf dipping method is soaked in employing.To be diluted to by the compound plant source pesticide that above-mentioned prescription processing obtains the confession reagent liquid of variable concentrations.Test is during to eliminating pear aphid, pears Schizaphis spp active, on selecting every with the blade of worm amount about 40, to immerse with the blade of aphid in the variable concentrations liquid with tweezers, shake gently, take out behind the 10s, blot liquid on the blade with blotting paper after, place in the culture dish and raise in 25 ℃ of insectaries, 24h checks dead borer population and the borer population of living behind the 48h, calculate lethality.To pear sucker, when fruit piercing moth carries out active testing, will try worm and in for reagent liquid, soak 10s, blade soaks 20s in liquid after, blot surperficial remaining liquid, divide 20 first groups and place culture dish to raise 24h in 25 ℃ of insectaries, check dead borer population and the borer population of living behind the 48h, calculate lethality.Above-mentioned respectively for trying concentration to every kind of equal triplicate of insect active testing, establish simultaneously the clear water processing and compare.The calculation correction lethality.
Experimental result
The compound plant source pesticide diluted concentration of according to the above ratio preparation is respectively 500 times, 1000 times, 1500 times, 2000 times, as can be seen from Table 1, the recurrence botanical pesticide of producing by the technology of the present invention all has preferably drug effect to several examination worms for examination, and is particularly best to the effect of eliminating pear aphid, pears Schizaphis spp, and concrete experimental result sees Table 1
Table 1 is pressed the compound plant source pesticide of example 1 preparation to the toxicity test result of several examination worms
Figure BDA0000035214050000041
Embodiment 2:
The compound plant source pesticide is imitated the field of Jing-Qiu Pear primary pest and is measured:
In May, 2006-August, carry out at the nuisanceless production Demonstration Base of Taijiang, Guizhou Province county Jing-Qiu Pear, the test Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is the Jing-Qiu Pear of life in 10 years, the confession examination concentration of botanical pesticide is 500 times, 1000 times, 1500 times and 2000 times, every drug concentration is processed and is repeated 3 times, the every repetition is a residential quarter, and the residential quarter area is 50m 2Process the residential quarter and adopt at random district's group arrangement, take the spray clear water as blank.Carry out dispenser with knapsack sprayer.Before the medication and behind the medicine 1 day respectively, 3 days, checked pear sucker, eliminating pear aphid, pears Schizaphis spp, the fruit piercing moth residue borer population of living in 7 days and 15 days, calculate preventive effect, and the observation reagent agent is on the impact of pear tree.
Measurement result shows: under the processing of botanical pesticide, leaf of pear tree has no adverse effects.By the preparation of botanical pesticide among the embodiment 1 the control effect in forest measurement result of Jing-Qiu Pear insect is seen Table 2.The result can from table, supplying under the amount of reagent, botanical pesticide of the present invention has good control efficiency to the Jing-Qiu Pear primary pest, and is wherein best to the control efficiency of eliminating pear aphid, at 500 times, 1000 times, 1500 times, can both reach more than 88% the eliminating pear aphid control efficiency under 2000 times the dosage, under 500 multiple doses use, 1 day and 3 days check after the medication, all can reach more than 80% the control efficiency of pear sucker, eliminating pear aphid, pears Schizaphis spp, fruit piercing moth.
Table 2 botanical pesticide is to the control effect in forest of Jing-Qiu Pear primary pest
Figure BDA0000035214050000042
Figure BDA0000035214050000051
Embodiment 3:
Botanical pesticide of the present invention is to bacteriostasis and the control effect in forest of Pear black spot
Botanical pesticide: used botanical pesticide prescription as in Example 1.
Strains tested: Alternaria alternata caused occurrence is provided by forest protection teaching and research room of Sino-South African Forestry University of Science and Technology.
Experimental technique
The bacteriostasis experiment:
The pastille that the PSA medium is mixed with required pesticide concentration gradient is dull and stereotyped, take sterile water as blank, and the inoculation Alternaria alternata caused occurrence, bacterium faces down, bacterium cake diameter 6mm, 3 repetitions.Measure colony diameter behind 27 ℃ of lower dark cultivation 4d, calculate inhibiting rate.
The control effect in forest test:
4 processing are established in this test altogether, see Table 4, process as blank with clear water, every processing 2 strains tree, 3 repetitions, randomized arrangement.Supplying the examination place is the nuisanceless production Demonstration Base of Taijiang, Guizhou Province county Jing-Qiu Pear, and experimental cultivar is 2 years living Jing-Qiu Pear saplings.Administration time is on May 1st, 2006 for the first time, continuous use 3 times, every minor tick 7~10d.Carry out the investigation of disease index radix before the dispenser, 10d imitates investigation after the last dispenser.Calculate disease index and control efficiency.
Experimental result:
Can find out that from table 3 and 4 when agricultural chemicals dosage of the present invention is 500 times, 1000 times, 1500 times, in the time of 2000 times, the indoor inhibiting rate to the Pear black spot germ behind the 96h all reaches more than 90%.Control effect in forest also can reach more than 70%.When diluting 500 times, control effect in forest preferably reaches about 87%.
Table 3 botanical pesticide is to the fungistatic effect of Pear black spot germ
Table 4 botanical pesticide is to the control effect in forest of Pear black spot germ
Figure BDA0000035214050000062

Claims (5)

1. a botanical pesticide of preventing and treating the Jing-Qiu Pear damage by disease and insect is characterized in that, is made by the composition of following percentage by weight:
Ginkgo biloba p.e 1.0 ~ 3.0%;
Tung oil tree stem-leaf extract 1.0 ~ 3.0%;
Extract from Nerium indicum Mill. Leaf 2.0 ~ 2.5%;
Cacumen Platycladi extract 3.0 ~ 3.5%;
Masson pine extract 2.0 ~ 3.5%;
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree berry extract 1.0 ~ 2.5%;
Oil tea CHAKUBING extract 3.0 ~ 6.0%;
Aztec marigold root extract 2.0 ~ 3.5%;
Sabina vulgaris Ant leaf extract 1.0 ~ 3.0%;
Surfactant 1.5 ~ 2.5%;
Preservative 0.1 ~ 0.5%;
Distilled water 66.5 ~ 82.4%;
The preparation process of described various extracts is as follows: got respectively the dry ginkgo leaf of 60 purposes, the stem of tung oil tree and leaf, sweetscented oleander leaf, cacumen biotae, Pinus massoniana, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit, the oil tea CHAKUBING, the Aztec marigold root, sandy ground CedarLeaves powder is under 40 ~ 60 ℃ of temperature, use respectively 90% alcohol steep, behind lixiviate 18 ~ 24h, leaching liquor is concentrated into water content 10%-15%, obtains various extracts.
2. botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described surfactant is: OP-10, tween or organosilicon.
3. botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described preservative is potassium sorbate or Sodium Benzoate.
4. the compound method of botanical pesticide claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
(1) got respectively the dry ginkgo leaf of 60 purposes, the stem of tung oil tree and leaf, sweetscented oleander leaf, cacumen biotae, Pinus massoniana, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit, the oil tea CHAKUBING, the Aztec marigold root, sandy ground CedarLeaves powder is under 40 ~ 60 ℃ of temperature, use respectively 90% alcohol steep, behind lixiviate 18 ~ 24h, leaching liquor is concentrated into water content 10%-15%, obtains various extracts;
(2) with above-mentioned various extracts, surfactant, preservative, distilled water is the mix and blend mixing in proportion, gets product.
5. botanical pesticide claimed in claim 1 is applied to prevent and treat the Jing-Qiu Pear damage by disease and insect.
CN 201010567241 2010-11-30 2010-11-30 Plant source pesticide for preventing and controlling golden autumn pear diseases and insect pests and preparation and application thereof Expired - Fee Related CN101999418B (en)

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CN104535748A (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-04-22 中国农业科学院柑桔研究所 Outdoor icerya purchasi simulation biological activity assay and pesticide effectiveness evaluation method and application thereof
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CN106508999A (en) * 2016-10-28 2017-03-22 青岛海之星生物科技有限公司 Insecticidal composition for killing psylla chinensis yang et li and preparation method thereof
CN106490005A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-03-15 郑州思辩科技有限公司 A kind of bactericidal composition of preventing and treating Pear black spot and preparation method thereof
CN107691497A (en) * 2017-09-26 2018-02-16 田阳县群姐砂糖橘专业合作社 A kind of medicament for preventing and treating citrus fruit fly and preparation method thereof
CN109699366A (en) * 2017-10-26 2019-05-03 张家界禹溪金秋梨专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of Jing-Qiu Pear
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